Preparation method of hemodialysis fluid based on supercritical carbon dioxide extraction and dissolution

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of dialysate preparation, in particular to a hemodialysate preparation method based on supercritical carbon dioxide extraction and dissolution, which adopts a supercritical carbon dioxide extraction technology, can efficiently extract target bioactive components from plant materials under mild conditions, keeps the completeness of the components at the same time, and can be used for preparing hemodialysate. By means of the integrated multi-stage separation device and subsequent purification steps (such as ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis), impurities can be effectively removed, and it is ensured that the prepared dialysate has high purity. Besides, the nanoparticles prepared by using an electrospray technology and a surface modification process not only have good dispersibility and stability, but also have compatibility and biological safety in dialysate confirmed through biological evaluation, so that the safety of the whole dialysis process is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of dialysate preparation, and in particular to a method for preparing hemodialysate based on supercritical carbon dioxide extraction and dissolution. Background Art

[0002] At present, hemodialysis is one of the important means of treating patients with end-stage renal disease, and the quality of dialysate directly affects the treatment effect and patient safety. Traditional dialysate preparation methods mainly rely on chemical synthesis and simple mixing, which makes it difficult to effectively introduce bioactive ingredients from natural plants into dialysate. At the same time, the existing dialysate preparation process lacks precise control and real-time adjustment capabilities, making it difficult to meet the needs of individualized treatment.

[0003] At present, supercritical carbon dioxide extraction technology has been widely used in the field of natural product extraction due to its environmental protection and high efficiency. However, the application of this technology in the preparation of hemodialysis fluid is still in its infancy. Existing supercritical extraction processes often have problems such as difficult to accurately control extraction conditions and low selectivity of target components, resulting in low extraction efficiency and serious loss of active ingredients.

[0004] In addition, there are many challenges in stably dissolving the extracted active ingredients in the dialysate. Traditional methods make it difficult to ensure the uniform distribution and long-term stability of the active ingredients in the dialysate, and they are prone to precipitation or inactivation. At the same time, there is a lack of effective methods to achieve targeted delivery and controlled release of active ingredients, which limits their clinical application effects.

[0005] In this regard, the present application specifically proposes a method for preparing hemodialysis fluid based on supercritical carbon dioxide extraction and dissolution to solve the above technical problems. Summary of the invention

[0006] The present invention provides a method for preparing hemodialysis fluid based on supercritical carbon dioxide extraction and dissolution. The present invention adopts supercritical carbon dioxide extraction technology, which can efficiently extract target bioactive components from plant materials under mild conditions while maintaining the integrity of these components. The present invention can effectively remove impurities through an integrated multi-stage separation device and subsequent purification steps to ensure that the prepared dialysate has high purity. In addition, the nanoparticles prepared using electrospray technology and surface modification technology not only have good dispersibility and stability, but also have been confirmed by biological evaluation to have compatibility and biosafety in the dialysate, thereby improving the safety of the entire dialysis process.

[0007] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above technical problems is: a method for preparing hemodialysis fluid based on supercritical carbon dioxide extraction and dissolution, comprising the following steps:

[0008] Step 1: Select plant materials rich in target bioactive ingredients; wash, dry and pulverize the plant materials, and use microwave-assisted drying technology to accelerate the drying process while maintaining the integrity of the active ingredients;

[0009] Step 2: Place the processed plant material into a high-pressure extraction container; use a high-efficiency compressor to pressurize CO2 to a supercritical state, with a pressure range of 9MPa-30MPa and a temperature range of 40°C-80°C;

[0010] Step 3: Automatically adjust the extraction conditions, including temperature, pressure, and flow rate, through an intelligent control system combined with a machine learning model; use an integrated multi-stage separation device to achieve continuous and efficient component separation;

[0011] Step 4: Apply molecular imprinting technology to prepare specific adsorbents to improve the selectivity and recovery rate of target components; combine ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis technology to further purify the extracted active ingredients and remove residual lipids;

[0012] Step 5: preparing uniform nanoparticles by electrospraying technology, wherein the nanoparticles contain the active ingredient;

[0013] Step 6: Chemically modify the surface of the nanoparticles and graft polyethylene glycol segments to improve their dispersibility and stability in aqueous solution; connect specific ligands or antibodies through surface functionalization to give the nanoparticles the ability of targeted delivery;

[0014] Step 7: Add the nanoparticles obtained in step 6 to a pre-configured basal dialysate containing electrolyte-balanced physiological saline; use ultrasonic mixing technology to promote uniform distribution of the nanoparticles in the dialysate.

[0015] Furthermore, the concentration of active ingredients in the nanoparticles is 1-10 mg / mL, the particle size of the nanoparticles after surface modification is 50-250 nm, and the potential is -20 to -50 mV.

[0016] Furthermore, the surface of the nanoparticles has hydrophobic and hydrophilic groups, so that they can be evenly suspended in the dialysate.

[0017] Furthermore, the intelligent dialysate preparation system includes the following subsystems: a biosensor subsystem, which is used to monitor the physical and chemical parameters of the dialysate in real time, including temperature, pH value, conductivity, and osmotic pressure; a control board-based data acquisition subsystem, which obtains real-time physical and chemical data from the biosensor at a high sampling rate and analyzes the data to evaluate the state of the dialysate; a user interface subsystem, which presents real-time parameters and data in the form of a graphical user interface, and automatically adjusts parameters according to online data through an intelligent algorithm model, thereby realizing intelligent monitoring and adjustment of the physical and chemical parameters of the dialysate.

[0018] Furthermore, the preparation of uniform nanoparticles using electrospray technology includes the following steps: first, placing a solution containing nanoparticles into a syringe and installing it on an electrospray device; applying a positive voltage to the Taylor cone and controlling the droplet size in the range of 50-300nm; under the action of the electric field, the droplets become stable atomized aerosols; then, the generated aerosols are sucked into a collector containing an anticoagulant solution through a vacuum tube to achieve continuous manufacturing of nanoparticles; morphological characterization of the nanoparticles, analyzing the size and morphology of the nanoparticles by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy; physicochemical analysis and physicochemical property characterization of the obtained nanoparticles; and biological evaluation to ensure the dispersibility, compatibility and biosafety of the nanoparticles in the dialysate.

[0019] Furthermore, through the dynamic light scattering analysis, it is determined that the concentration of active ingredients in the nanoparticles is 0.1-10 mg / mL, the particle size of the nanoparticles after surface modification is 50-250 nm, and the potential is -20 to -50 mV; through the transmission electron microscopy analysis, the morphology of the nanoparticles is determined; and through the biological evaluation, the dispersibility, compatibility and biosafety of the nanoparticles in the dialysate are determined.

[0020] Furthermore, PEG, which contains hydrophilic groups and hydrophobic groups, is coated on the surface of the nanoparticles; the nanoparticles are connected to cellulose nanofibers through electrostatic action; the cellulose nanofibers are flocculated when mixed with dialysate to achieve removal of the nanoparticles; the cellulose nanofibers are adsorbed on the surface of the ultrafiltration membrane through electrostatic action, and the nanoparticles are recovered and reused through regeneration of the ultrafiltration membrane.

[0021] Furthermore, the regeneration of the ultrafiltration membrane is achieved by first applying an electric field to flocculate cellulose and then applying a reverse electric field to separate the nanoparticles from the cellulose fibers, thereby realizing the recovery and regeneration of the nanoparticles for reuse; the concentration of the nanoparticles in the dialysate is automatically determined based on the online monitoring data through the machine learning model, and when the concentration of the nanoparticles reaches a set threshold, a control signal is output to drive the nanoparticle injection component to stop working and no longer inject nanoparticles into the dialysate, otherwise nanoparticles continue to be injected into the dialysate; through the intelligent dialysate preparation system, the physiological saline delivery pump first delivers physiological saline at a rate of 100-300mL / h, and then the nanoparticles are injected into the dialysate at a rate of 0.1-0.5mL / min.

[0022] The advantages of the present invention are: the present invention provides a method for preparing hemodialysis fluid based on supercritical carbon dioxide extraction and dissolution, which has the following advantages:

[0023] 1. The present invention adopts supercritical carbon dioxide extraction technology, which can efficiently extract target bioactive components from plant materials under mild conditions while maintaining the integrity of these components. The present invention can effectively remove impurities through an integrated multi-stage separation device and subsequent purification steps (such as ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis), ensuring that the prepared dialysate has high purity. In addition, the nanoparticles prepared using electrospray technology and surface modification technology not only have good dispersibility and stability, but also have been confirmed by biological evaluation to have compatibility and biosafety in the dialysate, thereby improving the safety of the entire dialysis process.

[0024] 2. The present invention can connect specific ligands or antibodies through functional treatment on the surface of nanoparticles, giving nanoparticles the ability of targeted delivery. This helps to accurately deliver active ingredients to the body parts that need treatment, improve the efficacy and reduce side effects. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The technical solution of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] Embodiment 1:

[0027] A method for preparing hemodialysis fluid based on supercritical carbon dioxide extraction and dissolution, comprising the following steps:

[0028] Select plant materials rich in target bioactive ingredients; wash, dry and pulverize the plant materials, and use microwave-assisted drying technology to accelerate the drying process while maintaining the integrity of the active ingredients;

[0029] The processed plant material is placed in a high-pressure extraction container; CO2 is pressurized to a supercritical state using a high-efficiency compressor, with a pressure range of 9MPa-30MPa and a temperature range of 40℃-80℃;

[0030] Automatically adjust extraction conditions, including temperature, pressure, and flow rate, through intelligent control systems combined with machine learning models; use integrated multi-stage separation devices to achieve continuous and efficient component separation;

[0031] Molecular imprinting technology is used to prepare specific adsorbents to improve the selectivity and recovery rate of target components; ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis technology are combined to further purify the extracted active ingredients and remove residual lipids;

[0032] Electrospray technology is used to prepare uniform nanoparticles containing active ingredients;

[0033] The surface of nanoparticles is chemically modified and polyethylene glycol segments are grafted to improve their dispersibility and stability in aqueous solution; through surface functionalization, specific ligands or antibodies are connected to give nanoparticles the ability of targeted delivery;

[0034] The nanoparticles obtained in step 6 are added to a pre-prepared basal dialysate containing electrolyte-balanced physiological saline; and ultrasonic mixing technology is used to promote uniform distribution of the nanoparticles in the dialysate.

[0035] Among them, microwave-assisted drying technology can effectively shorten the drying time while keeping the active ingredients in the plant materials intact. Supercritical CO2 extraction technology can efficiently extract the target components in plant materials under high pressure and suitable temperature without introducing harmful solvents. The intelligent control system combined with the machine learning model can automatically optimize the extraction conditions according to real-time data to improve the efficiency and accuracy of component separation. The specific adsorbent prepared by molecular imprinting technology can selectively adsorb the target components and improve the recovery rate. The nanoparticles prepared by electrospray technology have a uniform particle size distribution and good dispersibility. The chemically modified nanoparticles not only have good stability in aqueous solution, but also can achieve targeted delivery through surface functionalization. Ultrasonic mixing technology ensures the uniform distribution of nanoparticles in the dialysate, improving the stability and therapeutic effect of the dialysate.

[0036] Furthermore, this method achieves efficient extraction and purification of active ingredients in plant materials through fine control of multiple steps and the application of advanced technologies, prepares nanoparticles with good dispersibility and stability, and evenly distributes them in the dialysate. As a result, this method not only improves the biological activity and therapeutic effect of the dialysate, but also reduces harmful substances that may be introduced in traditional methods, thereby improving the safety and reliability of the dialysate. Specifically, this method achieves efficient and accurate extraction and purification of components while maintaining the integrity of the active ingredients through intelligent control and advanced separation technology, providing high-quality dialysate for hemodialysis.

[0037] Furthermore, the present application also proposes that the concentration of active ingredients in the nanoparticles is 1-10 mg / mL, the particle size of the nanoparticles after surface modification is 50-250 nm, and the potential is -20 to -50 mV.

[0038] Specifically, the concentration of active ingredients in nanoparticles can be achieved by adjusting the solution concentration in the electrospray technique, ranging from 1-10 mg / mL. The particle size of surface-modified nanoparticles can be adjusted by controlling the voltage and droplet size during the electrospray process, ranging from 50-250 nm. The potential can be controlled by selecting appropriate surface modification materials and modification methods, ranging from -20 to -50 mV.

[0039] As a preferred embodiment, the particle size and potential of the nanoparticles can be determined by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy analysis. In addition, the dispersibility, compatibility and biosafety of the nanoparticles in the dialysate can be ensured by biological evaluation.

[0040] Therefore, the present application solves the technical problem of achieving efficient delivery and stability of active ingredients in dialysate by precisely controlling the active ingredient concentration, particle size and potential of nanoparticles. Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of the present application can significantly improve the delivery efficiency and stability of active ingredients while ensuring their biosafety in dialysate.

[0041] Furthermore, the present application also proposes that the surface of the nanoparticles has hydrophobic and hydrophilic groups, so that they can be evenly suspended in the dialysate.

[0042] Specifically, the surface modification of nanoparticles includes the introduction of hydrophobic groups and hydrophilic groups. The hydrophobic groups can be alkyl chains introduced by chemical modification, while the hydrophilic groups can be hydroxyl groups or carboxyl groups. The introduction of these groups can be achieved by covalent bond grafting or physical adsorption. The balanced distribution of hydrophobic groups and hydrophilic groups allows the nanoparticles to maintain a certain degree of hydrophobicity in the dialysate and form hydrogen bonds with water molecules, thereby achieving uniform suspension.

[0043] As a preferred embodiment, the hydrophobic group can be introduced by a silane coupling agent, and the hydrophilic group can be modified by polyethylene glycol (PEG). The introduction of PEG not only increases the hydrophilicity of the nanoparticles, but also improves their stability and biocompatibility in aqueous solution. In addition, the introduction of PEG can also connect the nanoparticles to cellulose nanofibers through electrostatic action, further enhancing their suspension and stability in the dialysate.

[0044] Therefore, by introducing hydrophobic and hydrophilic groups on the surface of nanoparticles, the problem of nanoparticle aggregation and precipitation in the dialysate can be effectively solved, ensuring their uniform distribution in the dialysate. This technical solution not only improves the stability and biocompatibility of the dialysate, but also provides a more uniform and stable nanoparticle carrier for subsequent dialysis treatment.

[0045] Furthermore, the present application also proposes that the intelligent dialysate preparation system includes a biosensor subsystem, a control board-based data acquisition subsystem, and a user interface subsystem. The biosensor subsystem is used to monitor the physical and chemical parameters of the dialysate in real time, including temperature, pH value, conductivity, and osmotic pressure. The control board-based data acquisition subsystem obtains real-time physical and chemical data from the biosensor at a high sampling rate and analyzes the data to evaluate the state of the dialysate. The user interface subsystem presents real-time parameters and data in the form of a graphical user interface, and automatically adjusts parameters according to online data through an intelligent algorithm model to achieve intelligent monitoring and adjustment of the physical and chemical parameters of the dialysate.

[0046] Specifically, the biosensor subsystem can use a variety of sensor technologies, such as temperature sensors, pH electrodes, conductivity sensors, and osmotic pressure sensors, which can collect various physical and chemical parameters of the dialysate in real time. The data acquisition subsystem is connected to the sensor through the control board, collects data at a high frequency, and analyzes the data in real time through the built-in algorithm to ensure that the parameters of the dialysate are within a safe range. The user interface subsystem displays real-time data through a display and provides an operation interface, allowing operators to intuitively monitor the status of the dialysate and adjust parameters as needed.

[0047] Therefore, the intelligent dialysate preparation system can effectively solve the problem of parameter monitoring and adjustment during the dialysate preparation process, ensuring the quality and safety of the dialysate. Compared with the existing technology, the system improves the efficiency and accuracy of dialysate preparation through real-time monitoring and automatic adjustment, reduces the errors caused by human operation, and thus improves the effect of dialysis treatment and the patient's treatment experience.

[0048] Furthermore, the present application also proposes to prepare uniform and consistent nanoparticles using electrospray technology, including the following steps: first, placing a solution containing nanoparticles into a syringe and installing it on an electrospray device; applying a positive voltage to the Taylor cone and controlling the droplet size in the range of 50-300nm; under the action of the electric field, the droplets become stable atomized aerosols; then, the generated aerosol is drawn into a collector containing an anticoagulant solution through a vacuum tube to achieve continuous manufacturing of nanoparticles; the nanoparticles are morphologically characterized, and the size and morphology of the nanoparticles are analyzed by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy; the obtained nanoparticles are subjected to physicochemical analysis and physicochemical property characterization; and a biological evaluation is performed to ensure the dispersibility, compatibility and biosafety of the nanoparticles in the dialysate.

[0049] Among them, electrospray technology is a technology that converts liquid into tiny droplets through the action of an electric field. Its advantage is that it can accurately control the size and distribution of droplets, thereby preparing uniform and consistent nanoparticles. Specifically, by adjusting the electric field strength and the flow rate of the liquid, the droplet size can be accurately controlled within a range of 50-300nm. In addition, by sucking the aerosol into the collector through a vacuum tube, continuous manufacturing of nanoparticles can be achieved, improving production efficiency.

[0050] Furthermore, morphological characterization and physicochemical analysis of the nanoparticles can ensure the consistency of their size and morphology, as well as the stability of their physicochemical properties. Dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy analysis can determine the size and morphology of the nanoparticles to ensure their dispersibility and stability in the dialysate. Biological evaluation ensures the compatibility and biosafety of the nanoparticles in the dialysate, avoiding potential biocompatibility issues.

[0051] Therefore, the present application solves the problem of uneven preparation and poor dispersion of nanoparticles in the prior art by using electrospray technology to prepare uniform nanoparticles. Specifically, by precisely controlling the droplet size and distribution, as well as continuous manufacturing and morphological characterization, the uniform dispersion and stability of nanoparticles in the dialysate are ensured. Furthermore, through biological evaluation, the biocompatibility and safety of nanoparticles are ensured, and the quality and therapeutic effect of the dialysate are improved.

[0052] Furthermore, the present application also proposes to determine the concentration of active ingredients in the nanoparticles to be 0.1-10 mg / mL through dynamic light scattering analysis, the particle size of the nanoparticles after surface modification to be 50-250 nm, and the potential to be -20 to -50 mV; determine the morphology of the nanoparticles through transmission electron microscopy analysis; and determine the dispersibility, compatibility and biosafety of the nanoparticles in the dialysate through biological evaluation.

[0053] Specifically, dynamic light scattering analysis is a non-invasive technique used to measure the size distribution and concentration of nanoparticles in solution. Through this analysis, the concentration range of active ingredients in the nanoparticles can be accurately determined to ensure their effectiveness and safety in dialysate. Transmission electron microscopy analysis provides morphological information of the nanoparticles to help confirm whether their structure and morphology meet expectations. Biological evaluations include cytotoxicity tests, immune response tests, etc. to ensure the biocompatibility and safety of nanoparticles in dialysate.

[0054] As a preferred embodiment, dynamic light scattering analysis can be performed using a professional light scattering instrument that can monitor the size and concentration changes of nanoparticles in real time. Transmission electron microscopy analysis requires high-resolution microscopy equipment to obtain high-definition images of nanoparticles. Biological evaluation can be performed through in vitro cell experiments and animal model experiments to ensure the safety and effectiveness of nanoparticles in vivo.

[0055] Therefore, the technical solution of the present application ensures the effectiveness and safety of nanoparticles in dialysate through precise analysis and evaluation. Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of the present application not only improves the preparation efficiency of nanoparticles, but also ensures their quality and biocompatibility through multiple analytical methods, solving the problems of nanoparticle instability and poor biocompatibility that may exist in the prior art.

[0056] Furthermore, the present application also proposes that PEG, which contains hydrophilic groups and hydrophobic groups, is coated on the surface of the nanoparticles; the nanoparticles are connected to cellulose nanofibers through electrostatic action; the cellulose nanofibers are flocculated when mixed with the dialysate to achieve the removal of the nanoparticles; the cellulose nanofibers are adsorbed on the surface of the ultrafiltration membrane through electrostatic action, and the nanoparticles are recovered and reused through the regeneration of the ultrafiltration membrane.

[0057] Specifically, the regeneration of the ultrafiltration membrane can be achieved by first applying an electric field to flocculate the cellulose, and then applying a reverse electric field to separate the nanoparticles from the cellulose fibers, so as to achieve the recovery and regeneration of the nanoparticles for reuse. As a preferred embodiment, the concentration of nanoparticles in the dialysate is automatically determined based on the online monitoring data through a machine learning model. When the concentration of the nanoparticles reaches a set threshold, a control signal is output to drive the nanoparticle injection component to stop working and no longer inject nanoparticles into the dialysate. Otherwise, nanoparticles continue to be injected into the dialysate. Thus, through the intelligent dialysate preparation system, the physiological saline delivery pump first delivers physiological saline at a speed of 100-300mL / h, and then injects nanoparticles into the dialysate at a speed of 0.1-0.5mL / min.

[0058] Through the above technical means, the present application solves the problem of stability and recycling of nanoparticles in dialysate. Specifically, by coating PEG on the surface of nanoparticles, the dispersibility and stability of nanoparticles in dialysate are improved, and at the same time, through the flocculation of cellulose nanofibers and the regeneration of ultrafiltration membranes, the effective recycling and reuse of nanoparticles are achieved. Compared with the prior art, the present application not only improves the stability of nanoparticles in dialysate, but also significantly reduces the waste of nanoparticles and improves the efficiency of resource utilization.

[0059] Furthermore, the present application also proposes that PEG, which contains hydrophilic groups and hydrophobic groups, is coated on the surface of the nanoparticles; the nanoparticles are connected to cellulose nanofibers through electrostatic action; the cellulose nanofibers are flocculated when mixed with the dialysate to achieve the removal of the nanoparticles; the cellulose nanofibers are adsorbed on the surface of the ultrafiltration membrane through electrostatic action, and the nanoparticles are recovered and reused through the regeneration of the ultrafiltration membrane.

[0060] Specifically, the regeneration of the ultrafiltration membrane is achieved by first applying an electric field to flocculate the cellulose, and then applying a reverse electric field to separate the nanoparticles from the cellulose fibers, thereby achieving the recovery and regeneration of the nanoparticles for reuse. Through the machine learning model, the concentration of nanoparticles in the dialysate is automatically determined based on the online monitoring data. When the concentration of nanoparticles reaches the set threshold, a control signal is output to drive the nanoparticle injection component to stop working and no longer inject nanoparticles into the dialysate. Otherwise, nanoparticles continue to be injected into the dialysate. Through the intelligent dialysate preparation system, the physiological saline delivery pump first delivers physiological saline at a rate of 100-300mL / h, and then the nanoparticles are injected into the dialysate at a rate of 0.1-0.5mL / min.

[0061] Therefore, the present application achieves efficient removal and recovery of nanoparticles by coating PEG on the surface of nanoparticles and utilizing the flocculation effect of cellulose nanofibers. Through machine learning models and intelligent dialysate preparation systems, real-time monitoring and automatic adjustment of the concentration of nanoparticles in the dialysate are achieved, ensuring the stability and safety of the dialysate. Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of the present application not only improves the recovery rate and reuse rate of nanoparticles, but also realizes intelligent monitoring and adjustment of dialysate, solving the technical problems of difficult recovery of nanoparticles and poor stability of dialysate in traditional dialysate preparation methods.

[0062] Furthermore, the present application also proposes to add nanoparticles to the dialysate and control it through an intelligent dialysate preparation system. Specifically, the injection rate of nanoparticles is 0.1-0.5mL / min, while the delivery rate of saline is 100-300mL / h. Through the machine learning model, the system can automatically determine the concentration of nanoparticles in the dialysate based on online monitoring data. When the concentration reaches the set threshold, a control signal is output to drive the nanoparticle injection component to stop working, otherwise the injection continues.

[0063] Among them, the injection rate of nanoparticles and the delivery rate of saline can be adjusted according to actual needs. For example, as a preferred embodiment, the injection rate of nanoparticles can be set to 0.3mL / min, and the delivery rate of saline can be set to 200mL / h. In addition, the machine learning model can automatically adjust the injection rate of nanoparticles and the delivery rate of saline according to the real-time physical and chemical parameters of the dialysate, such as temperature, pH value, conductivity and osmotic pressure, to ensure the quality and stability of the dialysate.

[0064] Therefore, the present application realizes precise control of the concentration of nanoparticles in the dialysate through the intelligent dialysate preparation system, ensuring the quality and stability of the dialysate. Compared with the prior art, the advantage of the present application is that it can automatically adjust parameters according to real-time monitoring data, reduce human intervention, and improve the efficiency and accuracy of dialysate preparation.

[0065] Furthermore, the present application also proposes that, through an intelligent dialysate preparation system, a saline delivery pump first delivers saline at a rate of 100-300 mL / h, and then injects nanoparticles into the dialysate at a rate of 0.1-0.5 mL / min.

[0066] Specifically, the intelligent dialysate preparation system includes a biosensor subsystem, a control board-based data acquisition subsystem, and a user interface subsystem. The biosensor subsystem is used to monitor the physical and chemical parameters of the dialysate in real time, including temperature, pH, conductivity, and osmotic pressure. The control board-based data acquisition subsystem obtains real-time physical and chemical data from the biosensor at a high sampling rate and analyzes the data to evaluate the state of the dialysate. The user interface subsystem presents real-time parameters and data in the form of a graphical user interface, and automatically adjusts parameters according to online data through an intelligent algorithm model to achieve intelligent monitoring and adjustment of the physical and chemical parameters of the dialysate.

[0067] Furthermore, the intelligent dialysate preparation system automatically determines the concentration of nanoparticles in the dialysate based on online monitoring data through a machine learning model. When the concentration of nanoparticles reaches the set threshold, a control signal is output to drive the nanoparticle injection component to stop working and no longer inject nanoparticles into the dialysate; otherwise, nanoparticles continue to be injected into the dialysate.

[0068] Therefore, this application realizes real-time monitoring and automatic adjustment of the concentration of nanoparticles in the dialysate through the intelligent dialysate preparation system, ensuring that the concentration of nanoparticles in the dialysate is within a safe and effective range. Specifically, through intelligent algorithm models and machine learning technology, the system can automatically adjust the injection speed of nanoparticles according to real-time monitoring data, avoiding the uncertainty and error of manual operation, and improving the accuracy and stability of dialysate preparation.

[0069] Furthermore, the intelligent dialysate preparation system of the present application also achieves the removal of nanoparticles by flocculating cellulose nanofibers when mixed with dialysate. Cellulose nanofibers are adsorbed on the surface of ultrafiltration membranes by electrostatic action, and the recovery and reuse of nanoparticles are achieved through the regeneration of ultrafiltration membranes. The regeneration of ultrafiltration membranes is achieved by first applying an electric field to flocculate cellulose, and then applying a reverse electric field to separate nanoparticles from cellulose fibers, thereby achieving the recovery and regeneration of nanoparticles.

[0070] Specifically, the nanoparticles are connected to the cellulose nanofibers through electrostatic action. When the cellulose nanofibers are mixed with the dialysate, flocculation occurs, achieving the removal of the nanoparticles. The cellulose nanofibers are adsorbed on the surface of the ultrafiltration membrane through electrostatic action, and the nanoparticles are recovered and reused through the regeneration of the ultrafiltration membrane. The regeneration of the ultrafiltration membrane is achieved by first applying an electric field to flocculate the cellulose, and then applying a reverse electric field to separate the nanoparticles from the cellulose fibers, thereby achieving the recovery and regeneration of the nanoparticles.

[0071] Therefore, this application realizes real-time monitoring, automatic adjustment and recycling of nanoparticles in the dialysate through the application of intelligent dialysate preparation system and cellulose nanofibers, thereby improving the efficiency and sustainability of dialysate preparation. Specifically, through intelligent algorithm models and machine learning technology, the system can automatically adjust the injection speed of nanoparticles according to real-time monitoring data, avoiding the uncertainty and errors of manual operation, and improving the accuracy and stability of dialysate preparation. At the same time, through the application of cellulose nanofibers, the removal and recycling of nanoparticles are realized, reducing the waste of resources and improving the sustainability of dialysate preparation.

[0072] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments can still be modified, or some or all of the technical features therein can be replaced by equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing hemodialysis fluid based on supercritical carbon dioxide extraction and dissolution, characterized in that: The steps include: Step 1: Select plant materials rich in target bioactive ingredients; wash, dry and pulverize the plant materials, and use microwave-assisted drying technology to accelerate the drying process while maintaining the integrity of the active ingredients; Step 2: Place the processed plant material into a high-pressure extraction container; use a high-efficiency compressor to pressurize CO2 to a supercritical state, with a pressure range of 9MPa-30MPa and a temperature range of 40°C-80°C; Step 3: Automatically adjust the extraction conditions, including temperature, pressure, and flow rate, through an intelligent control system combined with a machine learning model; use an integrated multi-stage separation device to achieve continuous and efficient component separation; Step 4: Apply molecular imprinting technology to prepare specific adsorbents to improve the selectivity and recovery rate of target components; combine ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis technology to further purify the extracted active ingredients and remove residual lipids; Step 5: preparing uniform nanoparticles by electrospraying technology, wherein the nanoparticles contain the active ingredient; Step 6: Chemically modify the surface of the nanoparticles and graft polyethylene glycol segments to improve their dispersibility and stability in aqueous solution; connect specific ligands or antibodies through surface functionalization to give the nanoparticles the ability of targeted delivery; Step 7: Add the nanoparticles obtained in step 6 to a pre-configured basal dialysate containing electrolyte-balanced physiological saline; use ultrasonic mixing technology to promote uniform distribution of the nanoparticles in the dialysate.

2. The method for preparing hemodialysis fluid based on supercritical carbon dioxide extraction and dissolution according to claim 1, characterized in that: The concentration of active ingredients in the nanoparticles is 1-10 mg / mL, the particle size of the nanoparticles after surface modification is 50-250 nm, and the potential is -20 to -50 mV.

3. The method for preparing hemodialysis fluid based on supercritical carbon dioxide extraction and dissolution according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surface of the nanoparticles has hydrophobic and hydrophilic groups, so that the nanoparticles can be evenly suspended in the dialysate.

4. The method for preparing hemodialysis fluid based on supercritical carbon dioxide extraction and dissolution according to claim 1, characterized in that: The intelligent dialysate preparation system includes the following subsystems: a biosensor subsystem for real-time monitoring of the physical and chemical parameters of the dialysate, including temperature, pH value, conductivity, and osmotic pressure; a control board-based data acquisition subsystem for obtaining real-time physical and chemical data from the biosensor at a high sampling rate and analyzing the data to evaluate the state of the dialysate; The user interface subsystem presents real-time parameters and data in the form of a graphical user interface, and automatically adjusts parameters according to online data through an intelligent algorithm model, thereby realizing intelligent monitoring and adjustment of the physical and chemical parameters of the dialysate.

5. The method for preparing hemodialysis fluid based on supercritical carbon dioxide extraction and dissolution according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method of preparing uniform nanoparticles by electrospraying technology comprises the following steps: first, placing a solution containing nanoparticles into a syringe and installing the syringe on an electrospraying device; applying a positive voltage to a Taylor cone and controlling the droplet size within a range of 50-300 nm; under the action of the electric field, the droplets are transformed into stable atomized aerosols; the generated aerosols are then sucked into a collector containing an anticoagulant solution through a vacuum tube to achieve continuous manufacturing of nanoparticles; morphological characterization of the nanoparticles is performed, and the size and morphology of the nanoparticles are analyzed by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy; physicochemical analysis and physicochemical property characterization of the obtained nanoparticles are performed; and biological evaluation is performed to ensure the dispersibility, compatibility and biosafety of the nanoparticles in the dialysate.

6. The method for preparing hemodialysis fluid based on supercritical carbon dioxide extraction and dissolution according to claim 5, characterized in that: Through the dynamic light scattering analysis, it is determined that the concentration of active ingredients in the nanoparticles is 0.1-10 mg / mL, the particle size of the nanoparticles after surface modification is 50-250 nm, and the potential is -20 to -50 mV; through the transmission electron microscopy analysis, the morphology of the nanoparticles is determined; through the biological evaluation, the dispersibility, compatibility and biosafety of the nanoparticles in the dialysate are determined.

7. The method for preparing hemodialysis fluid based on supercritical carbon dioxide extraction and dissolution according to claim 1, characterized in that: PEG is coated on the surface of the nanoparticles, which contains hydrophilic groups and hydrophobic groups; the nanoparticles are connected to cellulose nanofibers through electrostatic action; the cellulose nanofibers are flocculated when mixed with dialysate to achieve removal of the nanoparticles; the cellulose nanofibers are adsorbed on the surface of the ultrafiltration membrane through electrostatic action, and the nanoparticles are recovered and reused through the regeneration of the ultrafiltration membrane.

8. The method for preparing hemodialysis fluid based on supercritical carbon dioxide extraction and dissolution according to claim 7, characterized in that: The regeneration of the ultrafiltration membrane is achieved by first applying an electric field to flocculate cellulose, and then applying a reverse electric field to separate the nanoparticles from the cellulose fibers, thereby realizing the recovery and regeneration of the nanoparticles for repeated use; the concentration of the nanoparticles in the dialysate is automatically determined based on the online monitoring data through the machine learning model, and when the concentration of the nanoparticles reaches a set threshold, a control signal is output to drive the nanoparticle injection component to stop working and no longer inject nanoparticles into the dialysate, otherwise nanoparticles continue to be injected into the dialysate; through the intelligent dialysate preparation system, the physiological saline delivery pump first delivers physiological saline at a rate of 100-300mL / h, and then the nanoparticles are injected into the dialysate at a rate of 0.1-0.5mL / min.