Rice planting organic fertilizer as well as preparation method and use method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a rice planting organic fertilizer and a preparation method and a use method thereof, and relates to the field of organic fertilizers, and the organic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of rice hull ash, 40-60 parts of fermented chicken manure and bean cake, 5-20 parts of volcanic ash and 3-8 parts of grass carbon ash. Mixing the fermented chicken manure and bean cake in the components with the rice hull ash and the volcanic ash, standing for 12-24 hours at the temperature of 25-35 DEG C, and turning for 1-3 times during standing; and adding the grass carbon ash, and uniformly mixing to obtain the organic fertilizer for rice planting. The organic fertilizer disclosed by the invention also has the effect of preventing root-knot nematode from outbreak on the premise of remarkably improving the rice quality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of organic fertilizers, and in particular to an organic fertilizer for rice planting and a preparation method and a use method thereof. Background Art

[0002] The main components of rice husk ash include oxides such as silicon, aluminum, and iron. It contains a large amount of silicon dioxide, followed by carbon, and a small amount of metal oxides such as potassium oxide, sodium oxide, magnesium oxide, and calcium oxide. It can be used directly for land improvement or as a mixture of seeds and fertilizers.

[0003] Chicken manure is a commonly used poultry manure as organic fertilizer. It contains rich organic matter and various nutrients required by crops, including major nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, as well as trace elements, beneficial biologically active bacteria and a variety of enzymes.

[0004] Soybean cake organic fertilizer is a highly efficient organic fertilizer. It is a byproduct of soybean oil extraction and has rich nutrients and multiple uses. Soybean cake organic fertilizer is rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other trace elements. It can improve soil properties, facilitate plant growth, increase soil nutrients and improve soil fertility.

[0005] Rice husk ash, chicken manure, and bean cake are the raw materials of organic fertilizer. The use of organic fertilizer for rice has also become a trend. The application of organic fertilizer to rice has an environmentally friendly effect. Excessive nitrogen in organic fertilizer will aggravate the occurrence of rice diseases and insect pests. Studies by Ying Guoyong and others have shown that excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer will lead to an increase in nitrogen in rice plants, and the incidence of rice diseases and insect pests is linearly positively correlated with the amount of nitrogen fertilizer used. The nitrate nitrogen content in plants is an important factor affecting the outbreak of rice diseases and insect pests. When nitrogen fertilizer is applied in large quantities, the nitrate nitrogen absorbed by rice plants will increase significantly, part of which will be stored in the plant vacuole, and most of it will be transported across the membrane into the cytoplasm to participate in metabolism to form soluble proteins; a large amount of free nitrogen and protein will accumulate in rice plants in a short period of time, which will attract more pests and provide a nutritional environment for pests, resulting in explosive growth of root-knot nematodes, rice planthoppers, and leafhoppers. Incompletely decomposed poultry and livestock feces may cause burning of seedlings and roots, failure of seeds to germinate, an increase in underground pests, and aggravation of soil-borne diseases.

[0006] Therefore, it is urgent to solve the above problems while effectively utilizing rice organic fertilizer. Summary of the invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the above technical problems and to provide an organic fertilizer for rice planting and a preparation method and a use method thereof.

[0008] The invention discloses an organic fertilizer for rice planting, which is composed of 10-20 parts of rice husk ash, 40-60 parts of fermented chicken manure and bean cake, 5-20 parts of volcanic ash and 3-8 parts of straw charcoal ash in parts by weight.

[0009] Furthermore, the organic fertilizer is composed of 15 to 20 parts of rice husk ash, 40 to 60 parts of fermented chicken manure and bean cake, 10 to 20 parts of volcanic ash and 3 to 5 parts of straw charcoal ash in terms of weight.

[0010] Furthermore, the fermented chicken manure and bean cake are obtained by fermentation in the following manner:

[0011] After the bean cake is crushed and sterilized, chicken manure and crop straw are added and mixed evenly, the moisture content of the material is controlled to be 60-70%, and a fermentation agent is added, and fermentation is carried out at room temperature, during which oxygen is introduced into the fermentation pile every 3-5 days, and the pile is turned every 2-3 days, and fermented chicken manure and bean cake are obtained after fermentation;

[0012] Wherein, the fermentation bacteria agent is EM bacteria, and the fermentation bacteria agent is added according to an inoculation amount of 0.1%.

[0013] Furthermore, the rice husk ash is carbonized rice husk ash, and the carbonization method of the carbonized rice husk ash is:

[0014] The rice husk ash is subjected to impurity and dust removal treatment, and then ground, and carbonized at a temperature of 500 to 900° C. for 30 to 60 minutes, and then sieved, dried, and ground to remove impurities to obtain carbonized rice husk ash.

[0015] The present invention provides a method for preparing an organic fertilizer for rice planting, wherein the method comprises:

[0016] 1) Weigh 10-20 parts of rice husk ash, 40-60 parts of fermented chicken manure and bean cake, 5-20 parts of volcanic ash and 3-8 parts of straw charcoal ash according to weight for later use;

[0017] 2) Mix the fermented chicken manure and bean cake with rice husk ash and volcanic ash, and place them at a temperature of 25 to 35°C for 12 to 24 hours, turning the pile 1 to 3 times during this period;

[0018] 3) Adding straw charcoal ash to the mixed material treated in step 2) and mixing evenly to obtain an organic fertilizer for rice planting.

[0019] Furthermore, the rice husk ash is carbonized rice husk ash.

[0020] The method of using the rice planting organic fertilizer of the present invention comprises the following steps: applying 500 to 800 kilograms of organic fertilizer per hectare and evenly spreading it in the planting field, and leveling the field to complete the use of the rice planting organic fertilizer.

[0021] Furthermore, the organic fertilizer can first evenly spread the grass carbon ash in the planting field, and after plowing and preparation, evenly spread the fermented chicken manure and bean cake after secondary treatment with rice husk ash and volcanic ash in the planting field, and after preparation, complete the use of the rice planting organic fertilizer; wherein, the fermented chicken manure and bean cake after secondary treatment with rice husk ash and volcanic ash are: the fermented chicken manure and bean cake are mixed with rice husk ash and volcanic ash, and then left to stand for 12 to 24 hours at a temperature of 25 to 35°C, during which the pile is turned 1 to 3 times.

[0022] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] The present invention adopts the method of fermenting chicken manure and bean cake without increasing the cost too much, reduces the content of harmful bacteria in chicken manure, makes the nutrients in chicken manure and bean cake more conducive to crop absorption, and the mixed use of grass charcoal ash and chicken manure can provide more comprehensive nutrients to meet the needs of crops in different growth periods, and adjust the pH value of the soil to improve the soil. Grass charcoal ash contains high potassium ions and is weakly alkaline. Root-knot nematodes prefer acidic environments, so the use of grass ash can change the microenvironment of the soil root system, thereby reducing the possibility of nematode occurrence. The application of rice husk ash may increase the temperature of the soil, especially when fermented with organic materials. Root-knot nematodes are sensitive to heat, and keeping at a temperature of 50°C for 10-15 minutes can kill almost all nematodes. Therefore, rice husk ash has a certain inhibitory effect on root-knot nematodes in terms of increasing soil temperature. The soil structure can be improved by modifying rice husk ash, and the soil's water and fertilizer retention capacity can be improved. The most important thing is that the combined use with volcanic ash can effectively prevent the breeding of root-knot nematodes. The present invention makes the chicken manure and bean cake thoroughly decomposed by treating the fermented chicken manure and bean cake with rice husk ash and volcanic ash for a second time, thereby solving the problems of burning seedlings and roots, failure of seed germination, increase of underground insect pests, and aggravation of soil-borne diseases caused by the second fermentation of chicken manure and bean cake in rice fields. The nitrogen content of organic fertilizer is well controlled by the chicken manure and bean cake after the second treatment, and root-knot nematodes do not show an outbreak growth situation when the organic fertilizer is used for a long time. The organic fertilizer of the present invention has the function of preventing the outbreak of root-knot nematodes on the premise of significantly improving the quality of rice. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clearly understood, the spirit of the contents disclosed by the present invention will be described in detail below. After understanding the embodiments of the contents of the present invention, any technician in the relevant technical field can change and modify them according to the techniques taught by the contents of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the contents of the present invention.

[0025] The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and the description thereof are used to explain the present invention, but are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0026] Example 1

[0027] The method for preparing the organic fertilizer for rice planting of the present embodiment:

[0028] 1) Weigh 20 parts of rice husk ash, 60 parts of fermented chicken manure and bean cake, 15 parts of volcanic ash and 6 parts of straw charcoal ash according to weight for later use;

[0029] 2) Mix the fermented chicken manure and bean cake with rice husk ash and volcanic ash, and place them at a temperature of 25-35°C for 24 hours, turning the pile 1-3 times during this period;

[0030] 3) adding straw charcoal ash to the mixed material treated in step 2) and mixing evenly to obtain an organic fertilizer for rice planting;

[0031] The fermented chicken manure and bean cake are obtained by fermentation in the following manner:

[0032] The bean cake is crushed and sterilized, and then chicken manure and crop straw are added and mixed evenly. The moisture content of the material is controlled to be about 65%, and EM bacteria is added according to an inoculation amount of 0.1%. The material is fermented at room temperature, during which oxygen is introduced into the fermentation pile every 3 to 5 days, and the pile is turned every 2 to 3 days. After fermentation, fermented chicken manure and bean cake are obtained.

[0033] The method for using the organic fertilizer for rice planting in this embodiment is as follows: the organic fertilizer is applied at an amount of about 800 kg per hectare and evenly spread on the planting field. After leveling the land, the use of the organic fertilizer for rice planting is completed.

[0034] Example 2

[0035] The difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment is that the rice husk ash is carbonized rice husk ash. The rest is the same as the first embodiment.

[0036] Carbonized rice husk ash is obtained as follows:

[0037] The rice husk ash is subjected to impurity and dust removal treatment, and then ground, and carbonized at a temperature of 500 to 900° C. for 30 to 60 minutes, and then sieved, dried, and ground to remove impurities to obtain carbonized rice husk ash.

[0038] The method for using the organic fertilizer for rice planting in this embodiment is as follows: first, the grass carbon ash is evenly spread in the planting field, and after tilling and preparation, the fermented chicken manure and bean cake after secondary treatment, rice husk ash and volcanic ash are evenly spread in the planting field, and after preparation, the use of the organic fertilizer for rice planting is completed; wherein, the fermented chicken manure and bean cake after secondary treatment, rice husk ash and volcanic ash are: after the fermented chicken manure and bean cake are mixed with rice husk ash and volcanic ash, they are left to stand for 12 to 24 hours in an environment with a temperature of 25 to 35°C, during which the pile is turned 1 to 3 times; the organic fertilizer is applied at a rate of about 800 kg per hectare.

[0039] Comparative Example 1

[0040] Organic fertilizer ingredients: 1500 kg rice husk ash, 3000 kg chicken manure, 1000 kg bean cake, 300 kg grass charcoal ash. Application method: Before planting, spread evenly in the field, and then level the land. One mu of land requires 1 ton to 1.5 tons of fertilizer.

[0041] Comparative Example 2

[0042] This comparative example is different from Example 1 in that the volcanic ash is removed, and the rest is the same as Example 1.

[0043] The rice planting experiment of the above Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 was carried out as follows:

[0044] 1. Rice quality

[0045] Four experimental groups were set up, including Example 1, Comparative Example 1, Comparative Example 2 and positive control (commercially available compound organic fertilizer for rice), with three replicates in each group. The use of organic fertilizer in Comparative Examples 1 and 2 was the same as in Example 1. After the plants were full-grown, mature grains were collected and the grain quality was tested. The grain quality includes: brown rice rate, polished rice rate, whole polished rice rate, amylose content, gel consistency, protein content, chalkiness, and chalky grain rate. The detection methods of amylose content, gel consistency, protein content, and chalkiness can be found in the National Standard of the People's Republic of China GB / T17891-2017. The detection method of chalky grain rate can be found in the National Standard of the People's Republic of China GB / T17891-1999. The test results were averaged, as shown in Table 1.

[0046] Table 1 Rice quality under different treatments

[0047] Example 1 Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 2 Positive Control Thousand-grain weight 24.8 24.3 22.5 25.1 Brown rice rate (%) 86.2 85.8 81.2 86.8 Rice polishing rate (%) 78.2 77.0 73.4 78.6 Whole polished rice rate (%) 74.2 71.2 69.7 73.6 Amylose content (%) 17.8 17.1 16.4 18.1 Protein content (%) 10.1 9.5 8.4 10.6 Glue consistency 93 89 87 93 Chalkyness(%) 0.31 0.35 0.89 0.32 Chalky particle rate (%) 3.7 4.2 7.6 3.5

[0048] As shown in Table 1, the rice grain quality can be greatly improved after applying the organic fertilizer of Example 1. Compared with Example 1, the effect of Comparative Example 2 on improving the rice grain quality is poor, but there is no significant difference between the positive control and Comparative Example 1 and Example 1.

[0049] 2. Root-knot nematode control

[0050] The rice fields without root-knot nematode pests in the year were used as test fields, and four experimental groups were set up, namely, Example 1, Example 2, Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2. The use of organic fertilizer in Comparative Examples 1 and 2 was the same as that in Example 1. The four experimental groups were applied for three consecutive years to investigate the root-knot nematode situation each year. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0051] Table 2 Incidence of rice root-knot nematodes under different treatments (%)

[0052] Example 1 Example 2 Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 2 First Year 1.21 1.09 6.02 4.77 Year 2 2.93 2.45 17.59 12.33 Year 3 3.14 2.89 28.85 21.48

[0053] As can be seen from the data in Table 2, compared with the comparative example, the incidence of rice root-knot nematodes in Example 1-2 using the organic fertilizer of the present invention is significantly reduced. Compared with the control, this embodiment is ecologically friendly and environmentally friendly, and the possibility of nematode occurrence is reduced by changing the microenvironment of the soil root system. The modified rice husk ash can improve the soil structure and improve the soil's water and fertilizer retention capacity. The most important thing is that the combined use with volcanic ash can effectively prevent the breeding of root-knot nematodes, and the prevention effect is stable and long-lasting, which is suitable for soils with high incidence of root-knot nematode diseases after continuous cropping of various agricultural crops.

[0054] In summary, the organic fertilizer of the present invention adopts the method of fermenting chicken manure and bean cake, reduces the harmful bacteria content in chicken manure, makes the nutrients in chicken manure and bean cake more conducive to crop absorption, and the mixed use of grass ash and chicken manure can provide more comprehensive nutrients, meet the needs of different growth periods of crops, and adjust the soil pH value to improve the soil. Grass ash contains higher potassium ions and is weakly alkaline. Root-knot nematodes prefer an acidic environment, so using wood ash can change the microenvironment of the soil root system, thereby reducing the possibility of nematode occurrence. While significantly reducing the incidence of root-knot nematodes, rice quality can be improved.

Claims

1. An organic fertilizer for rice planting, characterized in that The organic fertilizer is composed of 10-20 parts of rice husk ash, 40-60 parts of fermented chicken manure and bean cake, 5-20 parts of volcanic ash and 3-8 parts of straw charcoal ash in terms of weight.

2. The rice planting organic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that The organic fertilizer is composed of 15-20 parts of rice husk ash, 40-60 parts of fermented chicken manure and bean cake, 10-20 parts of volcanic ash and 3-5 parts of straw charcoal ash in terms of weight.

3. A rice planting organic fertilizer according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The fermented chicken manure and bean cake are obtained by fermentation in the following manner: After the bean cake is crushed and sterilized, chicken manure and crop straw are added and mixed evenly, the moisture content of the material is controlled to be 60-70%, and a fermentation agent is added, and fermentation is carried out at room temperature, during which oxygen is introduced into the fermentation pile every 3-5 days, and the pile is turned every 2-3 days, and fermented chicken manure and bean cake are obtained after fermentation; Wherein, the fermentation bacteria agent is EM bacteria, and the fermentation bacteria agent is added according to an inoculation amount of 0.1%.

4. A rice planting organic fertilizer according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that The rice husk ash is carbonized rice husk ash, and the carbonization method of the carbonized rice husk ash is: The rice husk ash is subjected to impurity and dust removal treatment, and then ground, and carbonized at a temperature of 500 to 900° C. for 30 to 60 minutes, and then sieved, dried, and ground to remove impurities to obtain carbonized rice husk ash.

5. The method for preparing a rice planting organic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that The preparation method is: 1) Weigh 10-20 parts of rice husk ash, 40-60 parts of fermented chicken manure and bean cake, 5-20 parts of volcanic ash and 3-8 parts of straw charcoal ash according to weight for later use; 2) Mix the fermented chicken manure and bean cake with rice husk ash and volcanic ash, and place them at a temperature of 25 to 35°C for 12 to 24 hours, turning the pile 1 to 3 times during this period; 3) Adding straw charcoal ash to the mixed material treated in step 2) and mixing evenly to obtain an organic fertilizer for rice planting.

6. The method for preparing an organic fertilizer for rice planting according to claim 5, characterized in that The rice husk ash is carbonized rice husk ash.

7. A method for using a rice planting organic fertilizer according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The method of use is as follows: 500 to 800 kilograms of organic fertilizer is applied per hectare and evenly spread in the planting field, and after leveling the land, the use of organic fertilizer for rice planting is completed.

8. The method for using the organic fertilizer for rice planting according to claim 7, characterized in that The organic fertilizer can also be firstly evenly spread the grass carbon ash in the planting field, and after tilling and preparation, the fermented chicken manure and bean cake after secondary treatment, rice husk ash and volcanic ash are evenly spread in the planting field, and after preparation, the use of the organic fertilizer for rice planting is completed; wherein, the fermented chicken manure and bean cake after secondary treatment, rice husk ash and volcanic ash are: the fermented chicken manure and bean cake are mixed with rice husk ash and volcanic ash, and then left to stand for 12 to 24 hours in an environment with a temperature of 25 to 35°C, during which the pile is turned 1 to 3 times.