Small and medium-sized garbage power generation system based on Stirling engine and control method

Abstract

The invention relates to a small and medium-sized garbage power generation system based on a Stirling engine and a control method. In the system, an engine is rotationally connected with a generator of the same module; the first side end of the radiator is communicated with each heat release component, and the second side end of the radiator is connected with ambient air; the input end of the waste heat boiler is communicated with each heat absorption component; the first input end of the gas heat exchanger communicates with the second side ends of the radiators, and the first output end of the gas heat exchanger communicates with the heat absorption components. The output end of the incinerator communicates with the second input end of the gas heat exchanger, the first input end of the incinerator communicates with the second output end of the gas heat exchanger, and the second input end of the incinerator communicates with the output end of the waste heat boiler. The method can be suitable for application scenes with low garbage yield and application scenes with high garbage yield, and the garbage combustion power generation efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of power generation control, and in particular to a small and medium-sized garbage power generation system based on a Stirling engine and a control method. Background Art

[0002] Garbage-to-energy refers to a form of power generation that burns garbage in a special incineration boiler and then generates electricity through a steam turbine generator set. Garbage-to-energy is divided into two categories: garbage incineration power generation and landfill gas power generation. For garbage incineration power generation, garbage with high calorific value is incinerated at high temperature in an incineration boiler. The heat energy generated during high-temperature incineration heats water and converts it into high-temperature steam. The high-temperature steam drives the turbine to rotate and drives the generator to work, so that the generator generates electricity.

[0003] During the implementation process, the inventors found that there are at least the following problems in the traditional technology: the existing garbage incineration power generation system requires a steam turbine, which occupies a large space and has a large initial investment, and is more suitable for large cities with a large daily garbage output. However, for small and medium-sized cities with a relatively small daily garbage output, the steam output decreases accordingly, and there may not be a suitable steam turbine to match it; or there is a steam turbine that matches the steam output, but the economic efficiency is reduced. Summary of the invention

[0004] Based on this, it is necessary to provide a small and medium-sized garbage power generation system and control method based on a Stirling engine that is suitable for small and medium-sized cities and has high economic efficiency in order to address the problems existing in the above-mentioned existing garbage incineration power generation systems.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present application provides a small and medium-sized garbage power generation system based on a Stirling engine, comprising:

[0006] The garbage power generation device comprises a plurality of garbage power generation modules; the garbage power generation module comprises a generator and an engine; the engine is rotationally connected with the generator of the same module, the engine comprises a heat absorbing component and a heat releasing component; the generator is a starting excitation generator;

[0007] A radiator, wherein a first side end of the radiator is in communication with a heat-releasing component of each engine, and a second side end of the radiator is configured to be connected to ambient air;

[0008] A waste heat boiler, the input end of which is connected to the heat absorbing components of each engine;

[0009] A gas heat exchanger, wherein a first input end of the gas heat exchanger is connected to the second side end of the radiator, and a first output end of the gas heat exchanger is respectively connected to the heat absorbing components of each engine;

[0010] The incinerator, the output end of the incinerator is connected to the second input end of the gas heat exchanger, the second input end of the incinerator is connected to the second output end of the gas heat exchanger, and the first input end of the incinerator is connected to the output end of the waste heat boiler.

[0011] Optionally, the waste power generation module also includes a first bypass pipe; the first end of the first bypass pipe is connected to the first output end of the gas heat exchanger, and the second end of the first bypass pipe is connected to the input end of the waste heat boiler.

[0012] Optionally, the garbage power generation module further includes a first switch module; the input end of the first switch module is connected to the first output end of the gas heat exchanger, the first selection end of the first switch module is connected to the first end of the first bypass pipe of the same module, and the second selection end of the first switch module is connected to the input end of the heat absorbing component of the same module;

[0013] The first switch module is configured to disconnect the passage between the heat absorbing component and the gas heat exchanger of the same module when the engine fails or is undergoing regular maintenance.

[0014] Optionally, the small and medium-sized waste-to-energy system based on the Stirling engine further includes a second bypass pipeline;

[0015] The first end of the second bypass pipe is communicated with the input end of the waste heat boiler, and the second end of the second bypass pipe is communicated with the output end of the waste heat boiler.

[0016] Optionally, the small and medium-sized waste-to-energy system based on the Stirling engine further includes a second switch module;

[0017] The input end of the second switch module is connected to the output end of each heat absorbing component, the first selection end of the second switch module is connected to the first end of the second bypass pipeline, and the second selection end of the second switch module is connected to the input end of the waste heat boiler;

[0018] The second switch module is configured to disconnect the passage between the waste heat boiler and the heat absorbing component of the same module when the waste heat boiler fails or is undergoing regular maintenance.

[0019] Optionally, the waste-to-energy module further includes a liquid cooling circulation pipeline;

[0020] The liquid cooling circulation pipeline is arranged between the heat releasing component or the cold end of the engine and the first side end of the radiator.

[0021] Optionally, the small and medium-sized waste-to-energy system based on the Stirling engine also includes a flue gas purification device;

[0022] The input end of the flue gas purification device is communicated with the second output end of the gas heat exchanger.

[0023] Optionally, the engine is a non-internal combustion engine, and the working fluid of the engine adopts a closed cycle.

[0024] In a second aspect, the present application provides a method for controlling waste-to-energy generation, comprising the following steps:

[0025] When the temperature of the heat absorbing component of the engine reaches the minimum starting threshold, the control system sends a starting instruction; when the starting instruction is received, a first driving signal is transmitted to the generator, and the first driving signal is used to instruct the generator to drive the engine to start, so as to provide power for the engine starting stage and overcome the friction power consumption and compression power consumption of the engine;

[0026] When it is detected that the temperature of the heat absorbing component of the engine or the rotation speed of the generator shaft increases to a preset threshold, the transmission of the first driving signal to the generator is stopped, so that the engine drives the generator to generate electricity;

[0027] When it is detected that the temperature of the engine's heat-absorbing components or the speed of the generator shaft exceeds the maximum threshold, the control system sends an instruction to the waste heat boiler: increase the flow rate of the waste heat boiler's water inlet or reduce the temperature of the water inlet, so as to reduce the temperature of the flue gas flow at the waste heat boiler outlet, and then reduce the temperature of the air at the second output port of the air preheater, and finally reduce the temperature of the engine's heat-absorbing components or the speed of the generator shaft, thereby protecting the engine.

[0028] The generator is a starting excitation generator, and its operation is divided into two stages: in the initial startup, it provides power to the engine and drives the engine to run, which is used to overcome the internal power consumption of the engine such as friction power consumption and compression power consumption; after the engine is started, when the temperature of its heat-absorbing components or the speed of the generator shaft increases to a predetermined threshold, the generator enters a critical state and neither drives nor generates electricity; when the temperature of the engine's heat-absorbing components or the speed of the generator shaft continues to increase, the generator begins to enter the power generation state, and the engine drives the generator to generate electricity.

[0029] Optionally, when it is detected that the temperature of the heat absorbing component of the engine or the rotation speed of the generator shaft increases to a preset threshold, the step of stopping transmitting the first drive signal to the generator so that the engine drives the generator to generate electricity includes:

[0030] When an engine failure is detected or the engine cannot be operated due to regular maintenance, the passage between the heat absorbing component of the engine of the same module and the gas heat exchanger is disconnected;

[0031] When it is detected that the waste heat boiler fails or cannot be operated due to regular maintenance, the passage between the waste heat boiler of the same module and the heat absorbing component of the engine is disconnected.

[0032] One of the above technical solutions has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0033] The above-mentioned small and medium-sized garbage power generation system based on Stirling engine includes garbage power generation device, radiator, waste heat boiler, gas heat exchanger and incinerator, the garbage power generation device includes several groups of garbage power generation modules; the garbage power generation module includes a generator and an engine; the engine is rotatably connected with the generator of the same module, and the engine includes a heat absorption component and a heat release component; the first side end of the radiator is connected to the heat release component of each engine, and the second side end of the radiator is configured to access ambient air; the input end of the waste heat boiler is connected to the heat absorption component of each generator engine; the first input end of the gas heat exchanger is respectively connected to the second side end of the radiator, and the first output end of the gas heat exchanger is respectively connected to each heat absorption component; the output end of the incinerator is connected to the second input end of the gas heat exchanger, the second input end of the incinerator is connected to the second output end of the gas heat exchanger, and the first input end of the incinerator is connected to the output end of the waste heat boiler, which can realize garbage incineration power generation suitable for different garbage combustion amounts and garbage combustion values. The system of the present application occupies a small space, has high power, and the cost of the whole system is low. According to the actual amount of garbage generated, a corresponding number of garbage power generation modules are set, so that it can be applied to application scenarios with low garbage production and high garbage production. The garbage burns in the incinerator to produce hot flue gas, which flows into the gas heat exchanger to heat the ambient air transmitted from the radiator. The ambient air is heated into hot air, which first exchanges heat with the heat-absorbing components of the engine and transfers the heat to the engine. Then the hot air enters the corresponding waste heat boiler and releases the heat to the corresponding waste heat boiler. Finally, the hot air enters the incinerator to participate in combustion. After absorbing the heat, the engine converts part of the heat energy into mechanical energy to drive the generator to generate electricity. The remaining heat is transferred to the liquid medium by the heat-releasing components or cold end of the engine. After the liquid medium is cooled in the radiator, it flows back into the heat-releasing components or cold end of the engine, and the heat-releasing components of the engine are cooled in a cycle. After the hot flue gas comes out of the gas heat exchanger, a part of the gas is drawn and pressurized by the fan to enter the incinerator to participate in combustion, which is conducive to stable combustion and reduces the generation of pollutants. Flue gas recirculation and hot air can increase the flue gas temperature at the incinerator outlet, thereby increasing the temperature and heat exchange capacity of the engine's heat-absorbing components, thereby improving the waste combustion power generation efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] Figure 1 is a first structural schematic diagram of a small and medium-sized garbage power generation system based on a Stirling engine in one embodiment;

[0035] Figure 2 is a second structural schematic diagram of a small and medium-sized garbage power generation system based on a Stirling engine in one embodiment;

[0036] Figure 3 A third structural schematic diagram of a small and medium-sized garbage power generation system based on a Stirling engine in one embodiment;

[0037] Figure 4 A fourth structural schematic diagram of a small and medium-sized garbage power generation system based on a Stirling engine in one embodiment;

[0038] Figure 5 A first flow chart of a method for controlling waste-to-energy generation in one embodiment;

[0039] Figure 6 A second flow chart of a method for controlling waste-to-energy generation in one embodiment;

[0040] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the structure of a radiator of a small and medium-sized garbage power generation system based on a Stirling engine in one embodiment;

[0041] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the connection relationship between the incinerator and the gas heat exchanger in one embodiment.

[0042] Reference numerals:

[0043] 10. Waste-to-energy device; 100. Waste-to-energy module; 110. Generator; 120. Engine; 122. Heat absorbing component; 124. Heat releasing component; 150. First bypass pipe; 160. First switch module; 190. Liquid cooling circulation pipe; 20. Gas heat exchanger; 30. Incinerator; 40. Flue gas purification device; 50. Radiator; 60. Waste heat boiler; 610. Second bypass pipe; 620. Second switch module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the solution of the present application, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0045] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification and claims of the present application and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the data used in this way can be interchanged where appropriate, so that the embodiments of the present application described here. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any of their variations are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions, for example, a process, method, system, product or device comprising a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units clearly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0046] In addition, the term "plurality" shall mean two or more.

[0047] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with the embodiments.

[0048] In one embodiment, Figure 1 As shown, a small and medium-sized garbage power generation system based on a Stirling engine is provided, and the small and medium-sized garbage power generation system based on a Stirling engine includes a garbage power generation device 10, a gas heat exchanger 20, an incinerator 30, a flue gas purification device 40, a radiator 50 and a waste heat boiler 60. The garbage power generation device 10 includes a plurality of garbage power generation modules 100; the garbage power generation module 100 includes a generator 110 and an engine 120; the engine 120 is connected to the generator 110 of the same module through a shaft, and the engine 120 includes a heat absorbing component 122 and a heat releasing component 124; the first side end of the radiator 50 is connected to the heat releasing component 124 of each engine 120, and the second side end of the radiator 50 is configured to be connected to air; the input end of the waste heat boiler 60 is connected to the heat absorbing component 122 of each engine 120; the first input end of the gas heat exchanger 20 is connected to the second side end of the radiator 50, and the first output end of the gas heat exchanger 20 is respectively connected to each heat absorbing component 122; the output end of the incinerator 30 is connected to the second input end of the gas heat exchanger 20, the second input end of the incinerator 30 is connected to the second output end of the gas heat exchanger 20, and the first input end of the incinerator 30 is connected to the output end of the waste heat boiler 60.

[0049] Among them, the small and medium-sized garbage power generation system based on the Stirling engine can be applied to garbage power generation in cities or towns. The garbage power generation device 10 may include a plurality of garbage power generation modules 100, and the number of garbage power generation modules 100 may be determined according to the garbage output of the city or town. For example, a plurality of garbage power generation modules 100 may be used for a small city with a garbage output of 40 to 400 tons per day, and more garbage power generation modules 100 may be used for a city with a high garbage output.

[0050] The engine 120 is a non-internal combustion engine. The working fluid of the engine 120 adopts a closed cycle. The heat absorbing component of the engine 120 is connected to the first output end of the gas heat exchanger 20, and the heat is transferred to the engine through heat exchange. For example, the engine 120 can be a Stirling engine 120. The engine 120 can be used to convert thermal energy into mechanical energy, thereby driving the generator 110 to rotate and generate electricity. The generator 110 is connected to the engine 120 of the same module through an axis rotation. The engine 120 may include a heat absorbing component 122 and a heat releasing component 124; wherein the heat absorbing component 122 may include a heat absorbing pipe, and the heat releasing component 124 may include a heat releasing pipe. The generator is a starting excitation generator.

[0051] The heat absorbing component 122 of the engine 120 can be configured as a convection heat exchange structure, for example, the heat absorbing component 122 can be a tube-fin structure. The heat releasing component 124 uses a liquid medium to cool the heat releasing component or the cold end 124 of the engine 120, for example, the liquid medium can be water or antifreeze.

[0052] The radiator 50 is used to cool the liquid medium that cools the heat release component 124 of the engine 120, thereby improving the working efficiency of the engine 120. Based on the first side end of the radiator 50 being connected to the heat release component 124 of each engine 120, the second side end of the radiator 50 is configured to be connected to the ambient air. Figure 7 As shown, the radiator has two input ends and two output ends connected to the ambient air, one of which is connected to the first input end of the gas heat exchanger, and the other is directly connected to the atmospheric environment; the input ends are both atmospheric environments. The liquid medium circulates between the heat release component 124 of the engine 120 and the radiator 50. The same heat exchange amount is exchanged using the liquid medium, which can reduce the volume and surface area of ​​the heat release component 124, thereby improving the pressure ratio of the engine 120, and further improving the work efficiency and power of the engine 120. The liquid medium absorbs heat in the heat release component 124 and heats up, and is cooled by the ambient air (such as air) introduced into the radiator 50 and cools down.

[0053] The gas heat exchanger 20 adopts a high temperature resistant and corrosion resistant gas heat exchange structure. The incinerator 30 can be used to incinerate garbage to generate hot flue gas. For example, the garbage burns in the incinerator 30 to generate hot flue gas with a temperature of 700 to 1400°C. Based on the output end of the incinerator 30 being connected to the second input end of the gas heat exchanger 20, the hot flue gas generated by the incinerator 30 is transmitted to the gas heat exchanger 20. The first input end of the gas heat exchanger 20 is connected to the second side end of the radiator 50, and the first output end of the gas heat exchanger 20 is respectively connected to each heat absorbing component 122. The gas heat exchanger 20 can be used to heat the ambient air (such as air) transmitted by the radiator 50 based on the hot flue gas, thereby obtaining hot air, and transmitting the hot air to the corresponding heat absorbing component 122 of the engine 120. Heat exchange is performed through the heat absorbing component 122 of the engine 120 to achieve heat transfer to the engine 120, so that the engine 120 absorbs the heat and converts the heat into mechanical energy, driving the generator 110 to generate electricity. Exemplarily, the gas heat exchanger 20 has an operating temperature of 700 to 1400° C. and has corrosion resistance and air tightness, that is, flue gas cannot flow into the air side.

[0054] Based on the input end of the waste heat boiler 60 being connected to the heat absorbing component 122 of the engine 120, the remaining hot air is transmitted to the waste heat boiler 60, and the heat is released to the waste heat boiler 60. The waste heat boiler 60 absorbs the heat of the hot air to generate steam or hot water for users. At the same time, the waste heat boiler 60 can also be used to load adjust the system: for example, when the output of urban garbage increases, but it is not enough to add another set of garbage power generation modules 100 to consume the heat generated by the increased garbage, the output of steam or hot water of the waste heat boiler 60 can be increased to adapt to the change in garbage output. For another example, when the temperature of the heat absorbing component or hot end of the engine exceeds the limit value, in addition to adjusting the amount of air entering the first input end of the gas heat exchanger 20, the output of steam or hot water of the waste heat boiler 60 can be adjusted to adapt to the change in garbage output.

[0055] The second input end of the incinerator 30 is connected to the second output end of the gas heat exchanger 20, and a fan 70 is arranged in between for pressurization. The first input end of the incinerator 30 is connected to the output end of the waste heat boiler 60, and then the hot air passing through the waste heat boiler 60 flows to the incinerator 30 to participate in combustion. In addition, part of the hot flue gas at the second output end of the gas heat exchanger 20 also flows back to the incinerator 30 to participate in combustion, which is conducive to stable combustion, reduces the generation of pollutants such as nitrogen oxides, and enhances the heat exchange efficiency in the gas heat exchanger 20.

[0056] In the above-mentioned embodiment, it is possible to realize waste incineration power generation applicable to different waste combustion amounts and waste combustion values, the system occupies a small space, and a corresponding number of waste power generation modules 100 are set according to the actual amount of waste generated, so that it can be applicable to application scenarios with low waste production, and can also be applicable to application scenarios with high waste production; the waste is burned in the incinerator 30 to generate hot flue gas, and the hot flue gas flows into the gas heat exchanger 20 to heat the ambient air transmitted from the radiator 50, and the ambient air is heated into hot air, which first exchanges heat with the heat absorbing component 122 of the engine 120, transfers the heat to the engine 120, and then the hot air enters the corresponding waste heat boiler 60, and then releases the heat to the waste heat boiler 60; finally, the hot air enters the incinerator 30 to participate in combustion. The engine 120 absorbs heat to perform work, converting part of the heat into mechanical energy to drive the generator 110 to generate electricity, and the engine 120 releases another part of the heat from the engine heat release component 124 to the liquid working medium circulating between 124 and the radiator 50; the flue gas recirculation and hot air can increase the flue gas temperature at the outlet of the incinerator 30, thereby increasing the temperature and heat exchange capacity of the heat absorption component 122 of the engine 120, thereby improving the waste combustion power generation efficiency.

[0057] In one embodiment, Figure 2As shown, the waste power generation module 100 further includes a first bypass pipe 150 ; a first end of the first bypass pipe 150 is connected to a first output end of the gas heat exchanger 20 , and a second end of the first bypass pipe 150 is connected to an input end of the waste heat boiler 60 .

[0058] The first bypass pipe 150 can be used to short-circuit the engine 120 when the engine 120 fails or cannot be operated due to regular maintenance, thereby improving the safety of the power generation system. For example, the working state of the engine 120 can be monitored in real time. When it is detected that the engine 120 fails, the first bypass pipe 150 is opened so that the hot air does not pass through the heat absorbing component 122 of the engine 120, but directly flows into the waste heat boiler 60.

[0059] For example, Figure 2 As shown, the garbage power generation module 100 also includes a first switch module 160; the input end of the first switch module 160 is connected to the first output end of the gas heat exchanger 20, the first selection end of the first switch module 160 is connected to the first end of the first bypass pipe 150 of the same module, and the second selection end of the first switch module 160 is connected to the input end of the heat absorption component 122 of the same module; the first switch module 160 is configured to disconnect the passage between the heat absorption component 122 of the same module and the gas heat exchanger 20 when the engine 120 fails or needs to be shut down for maintenance.

[0060] The first switch module 160 may be, but is not limited to, a solenoid valve. For example, the first switch module 160 may be a three-way valve. Based on the input end of the first switch module 160 being connected to the first output end of the gas heat exchanger 20, the first selection end of the first switch module 160 being connected to the first end of the first bypass pipe 150 of the same module, and the second selection end of the first switch module 160 being connected to the input end of the heat absorbing component 122 of the same module, when it is detected that the engine 120 has a fault or needs to be shut down for maintenance, the first selection end of the first switch module 160 is turned on, so that the first bypass pipe 150 is turned on, and the engine 120 is disconnected, so that the hot air does not pass through the heat absorbing component 122 of the engine 120, but directly flows into the waste heat boiler 60. When it is monitored that the engine 120 is operating normally, the second selection end of the first switch module 160 is turned on, so that the first bypass pipe 150 is disconnected, and the gas heat exchanger 20 is turned on to operate, so that hot air passes through the heat absorption component 122 of the engine 120. The engine 120 absorbs heat and converts it into mechanical energy to drive the generator 110 to generate electricity.

[0061] In one embodiment, Figure 3As shown, the small and medium-sized waste power generation system based on the Stirling engine also includes a second bypass pipe 610; the first end of the second bypass pipe 610 is connected to the input end of the waste heat boiler 60, and the second end of the second bypass pipe 610 is connected to the output end of the waste heat boiler 60.

[0062] The second bypass pipe 610 can be used to short-circuit the waste heat boiler 60 when a failure occurs in the waste heat boiler 60, thereby further improving the safety of the power generation system. For example, the working state of the waste heat boiler 60 can be monitored in real time. When a failure occurs in the waste heat boiler 60, the second bypass pipe 610 is opened, and the waste heat boiler 60 is shielded by the second bypass pipe 610, so that the hot air does not flow into the waste heat boiler 60 but directly enters the incinerator 30.

[0063] For example, Figure 3 As shown, the small and medium-sized waste power generation system based on the Stirling engine also includes a second switch module 620; the input end of the second switch module 620 is connected to the output end of each heat absorption component 122, the first selection end of the second switch module 620 is connected to the first end of the second bypass pipe 610, and the second selection end of the second switch module 620 is connected to the input end of the waste heat boiler 60; the second switch module 620 is configured to disconnect the passage between the waste heat boiler 60 and the heat absorption component 122 when the waste heat boiler 60 fails or needs to be shut down for maintenance.

[0064] Among them, the second switch module 620 can be, but is not limited to, a solenoid valve. For example, the second switch module 620 can be a three-way valve. Based on the input end of the second switch module 620 being connected to the output end of the heat absorbing component 122 of the same module, the first selection end of the second switch module 620 is connected to the first end of the second bypass pipe 610 of the same module, and the second selection end of the second switch module 620 is connected to the input end of the waste heat boiler 60 of the same module, and then when it is detected that the waste heat boiler 60 has a fault or needs to be shut down for maintenance, the first selection end of the second switch module 620 is turned on, so that the second bypass pipe 610 is turned on, and the waste heat boiler 60 is disconnected, so that the hot air does not flow into the waste heat boiler 60, but directly flows into the incinerator 30. When it is monitored that the waste heat boiler 60 is operating normally, the second selection end of the second switch module 620 is turned on, so that the second bypass pipe 610 is disconnected, and the waste heat boiler 60 operates normally, so that hot air can flow into the waste heat boiler 60, so that the waste heat boiler 60 absorbs the heat of the hot air to generate steam or hot water for users.

[0065] In one embodiment, Figure 4 As shown, the waste-to-energy module 100 further includes a liquid cooling circulation pipeline 190 ; the liquid cooling circulation pipeline 190 is disposed between the heat release component 124 and the first side end of the radiator 50 .

[0066] The liquid cooling pipe may be used to input a liquid cooling medium, and the heat release component 124 of the engine 120 is cooled by the liquid medium.

[0067] The liquid cooling circulation pipeline 190 is arranged between the heat releasing component 124 and the first side end of the radiator 50, and its function is to cool the heat releasing component or the cold end of the engine with a liquid medium: the liquid cooling medium absorbs heat in the heat releasing component or the cold end of the engine, and transfers the heat to the ambient air from the second inlet of the radiator in the radiator. In order to improve the power and efficiency of the engine, the maximum circulation temperature of the liquid cooling medium cooling the heat releasing component or the cold end 124 of the engine is not higher than the boiling point of the medium.

[0068] For example, the heat releasing component 124 can be closely attached to the first side end of the liquid cooling circulation pipe 190, and the second side end of the radiator 50 can be closely attached to the second side end of the liquid cooling circulation pipe 190, and the heat exchange is performed by circulating the liquid medium (such as water) between the heat releasing component 124 of the engine 120 and the radiator 50: the liquid medium absorbs heat in the heat releasing component 124, and the heat is taken away in the radiator 50. The radiator 50 cools the liquid medium through the ambient air (such as air), and takes away the heat absorbed by the liquid medium in the heat releasing component 124. Since the heat releasing component 124 uses the liquid working medium to cool itself, the volume and surface area of ​​the heat releasing component 124 can be reduced, so that the compression ratio of the engine 120 is improved, thereby improving the work efficiency and power of the engine 120.

[0069] The radiator 50 is characterized by a large heat dissipation capacity, but the temperature of the working fluid being cooled is relatively low, generally below 100°C. If all the air flowing out of the radiator flows into the first input end of the gas heat exchanger, it will not only reduce the efficiency of the entire power generation system, but also make it difficult to meet the heat dissipation power and requirements of the engine 120 for the radiator 50. Therefore, the radiator 50 is provided with two air ducts: the fan of the first air duct draws air from the environment, then cools the radiator 50, and finally discharges it into the atmosphere; the fan of the second air duct draws air from the environment, then cools the radiator 50, and finally flows into the first inlet of the gas heat exchanger 20. The difference between the fans in the two air ducts is: the first air duct has a large flow rate and a low wind pressure; the second air duct has a small flow rate and a high wind pressure. The total cooling effect of the two air ducts on the radiator 50 should meet the cooling requirements of the engine 120.

[0070] In one example, the second air duct of the radiator 50 can be eliminated, and all cooling air with a certain pressure is provided by a fan, which flows through the radiator 50 and is discharged into the atmosphere. In order to maintain the original parameters of the engine 120, the air volume of the fan should be able to keep the circulating temperature of the liquid cooling medium circulating between the engine heat release component 124 and the radiator 50 unchanged. At the same time, a fan is set at the first input end of the gas heat exchanger 20 to draw air from the environment, and after being pressurized by the fan, it flows into the gas heat exchanger from the first input end of the gas heat exchanger 20.

[0071] In one embodiment, Figure 4 As shown, the small and medium-sized garbage power generation system based on the Stirling engine also includes a flue gas purification device 40; the input end of the flue gas purification device 40 is connected to the second output end of the gas heat exchanger 20.

[0072] The flue gas purification device 40 may be used to filter and purify the hot flue gas output by the gas heat exchanger 20, and discharge the treated gas into the atmosphere to achieve environmentally friendly exhaust gas.

[0073] For example, garbage burns in the incinerator 30 to generate hot flue gas, which flows into the gas heat exchanger 20. The gas heat exchanger 20 heats the air flowing out of the radiator 50 based on the hot flue gas, and the air is heated into hot air. The hot air exchanges heat with the heat absorbing component 122 of the engine 120 for the first time, and transfers the heat to the engine 120. Then the hot air enters the waste heat boiler 60 for the second heat exchange, and releases the heat to the waste heat boiler 60. Finally, the hot air after the second heat exchange enters the incinerator 30 to participate in combustion. After absorbing the heat, the engine 120 converts the heat into mechanical energy to drive the generator 110 to generate electricity. After the hot flue gas is output from the gas heat exchanger 20, a part of the hot flue gas enters the flue gas purification device 40 and is finally discharged into the atmosphere; the other part of the hot flue gas enters the incinerator 30 through the flue gas recirculation pipeline and is pressurized by the fan 70 to participate in the combustion, which is beneficial to stable combustion and can reduce the generation of pollutants such as nitrogen oxides. In addition, the flue gas recirculation and hot air can increase the flue gas temperature at the outlet of the incinerator 30, thereby increasing the temperature and heat exchange capacity of the heat absorption component 122 of the engine 120, thereby improving the efficiency of the engine 120 and the efficiency of the entire power generation system.

[0074] In one embodiment, the second input end of the incinerator is connected to the second output end of the gas heat exchanger. Figure 8 As shown, the flue gas is led back from K1 to the second input end of the incinerator. The position where the flue gas is led back can also be switched among K1 / K2 / K3 / K4 according to the stable combustion of the incinerator and the load adjustment requirements of the Stirling engine.

[0075] In the above embodiments, the system of the present application occupies a small space, and a corresponding number of garbage power generation modules 100 are arranged according to the actual amount of garbage generated, so that it can be applicable to application scenarios with low garbage production, and can also be applicable to application scenarios with high garbage production.

[0076] It should be noted that the Stirling engine-based small and medium-sized waste-to-energy system of the present application is not only suitable for burning waste, but also can burn biomass, residual oil and some combustible process gases (such as coke oven gas, blast furnace gas, converter gas, etc.) and other fuels, or can mix waste with biomass, residual oil, process gas and other fuels at the same time.

[0077] In one embodiment, Figure 5 As shown, a control method for waste power generation is also provided, comprising the following steps:

[0078] Step S510, when the temperature of the heat absorbing component of the engine reaches the minimum starting threshold, the control system sends a starting instruction; when the starting instruction is received, a first drive signal is transmitted to the generator, and the first drive signal is used to instruct the generator to drive the engine to start.

[0079] The generator is a starting excitation generator. The first drive signal may be a PWM signal. The start instruction may be used to instruct the small and medium-sized waste power generation system based on the Stirling engine to start. For example, the small and medium-sized waste power generation system based on the Stirling engine may include a control device, which may generate a first drive signal upon receiving the start instruction, and transmit the first drive signal to the generator, so that the generator provides initial power to the engine at the initial stage of engine start.

[0080] Step S520, when it is detected that the temperature of the heat absorbing component of the engine or the rotation speed of the generator shaft increases to a preset threshold, stop transmitting the first drive signal to the generator, so that the engine drives the generator to generate electricity.

[0081] When the engine is started, the temperature of the heat absorbing component of the engine can be monitored in real time. When it is detected that the temperature of the heat absorbing component of the engine or the rotation speed of the generator shaft increases to a preset threshold, the transmission of the first driving signal to the generator is stopped. As the rotation speed of the generator shaft further increases, the engine starts to drive the generator to generate electricity, that is, the generator automatically enters the power generation state from the driving state as the shaft rotation speed increases.

[0082] Step S530, when it is detected that the temperature of the engine's heat absorbing component or the rotation speed of the generator shaft exceeds the maximum threshold, the control system sends a command to the waste heat boiler; increases the flow rate of water inlet to the waste heat boiler or reduces the temperature of the water inlet, so as to reduce the temperature of the flue gas flow at the waste heat boiler outlet, and then reduces the temperature of the air at the second output port of the air preheater, and finally achieves the purpose of reducing the temperature of the engine's heat absorbing component or the rotation speed of the generator shaft, thereby protecting the engine.

[0083] Among them, the generator is a starting excitation generator, and its work is divided into two stages: in the initial startup, it provides power to the engine and drives the engine to run, which is used to overcome the internal power consumption of the engine such as friction power consumption and compression power consumption; after the engine is started, when the temperature of its heat-absorbing components or the speed of the generator shaft increases to a predetermined threshold, the generator enters a critical state, neither driving nor generating electricity. When the temperature of the engine's heat-absorbing components or the speed of the generator shaft continues to increase, the generator begins to enter the power generation state, and the engine drives the generator to generate electricity.

[0084] In one embodiment, Figure 6 As shown, a control method for waste power generation is also provided, comprising the following steps:

[0085] Step S610, when the temperature of the heat absorbing component of the engine reaches the minimum starting threshold, the control system sends a starting instruction; when the starting instruction is received, a first drive signal is transmitted to the generator, and the first drive signal is used to instruct the generator to drive the engine to start.

[0086] For the specific description of the above step S610, please refer to the description of the above embodiment, which will not be repeated here.

[0087] Step S620, when it is detected that the temperature of the heat absorbing component of the engine or the rotation speed of the generator shaft increases to a preset threshold, stop transmitting the first drive signal to the generator, so that the engine drives the generator to generate electricity.

[0088] For the specific description of the above step S620, please refer to the description of the above embodiment, which will not be repeated here.

[0089] Step S630, when it is detected that the engine fails or the engine cannot be operated due to regular maintenance, the passage between the heat absorbing component of the engine of the same module and the gas heat exchanger is disconnected.

[0090] For example, the working state of the gas heat exchanger can be monitored in real time. When it is detected that the gas heat exchanger fails or cannot operate due to regular maintenance, the first selection end of the first switch module is turned on, so that the first bypass pipe is turned on, and the passage between the heat absorbing component of the engine of the same module and the gas heat exchanger is disconnected, so that the hot air does not pass through the heat absorbing component of the engine, but directly flows into the waste heat boiler. Further, when it is detected that the gas heat exchanger is working normally, the second selection end of the first switch module is turned on, so that the first bypass pipe is disconnected, and the gas heat exchanger is turned on to work, so that the hot air passes through the heat absorbing component of the engine, and the engine absorbs heat and converts it into mechanical energy to drive the generator to generate electricity.

[0091] Step S640, when it is detected that the waste heat boiler fails or cannot be operated due to regular maintenance, disconnect the passage between the waste heat boiler of the same module and the heat absorbing component of the engine.

[0092] For example, the working state of the waste heat boiler can be monitored in real time. When it is detected that the waste heat boiler fails or cannot operate due to regular maintenance, the first selection end of the second switch module is turned on, so that the second bypass pipeline is turned on and the waste heat boiler is disconnected, so that the hot air does not flow into the waste heat boiler, but directly flows into the incinerator. When it is detected that the waste heat boiler is working normally, the second selection end of the second switch module is turned on, so that the second bypass pipeline is disconnected, and the waste heat boiler is working normally, so that the hot air can flow into the waste heat boiler, so that the waste heat boiler absorbs the heat of the hot air to generate steam or hot water for users.

[0093] Step S650, when it is detected that the temperature of the engine's heat absorbing component or the speed of the generator shaft exceeds the maximum threshold, the control system sends an instruction to the waste heat boiler; increases the flow rate of water inlet to the waste heat boiler, thereby reducing the temperature of the engine's heat absorbing component or the speed of the generator shaft, thereby protecting the engine.

[0094] It should be understood that although Figures 5 and 6 The steps in the flowchart are shown in sequence as indicated by the arrows, but these steps are not necessarily executed in the order indicated by the arrows. Unless otherwise specified in this document, there is no strict order restriction for the execution of these steps, and these steps can be executed in other orders. Moreover, Figures 5 and 6 At least part of the steps may include multiple sub-steps or multiple stages. These sub-steps or stages are not necessarily executed at the same time, but can be executed at different times. The execution order of these sub-steps or stages is not necessarily sequential, but can be executed in turn or alternately with other steps or at least part of the sub-steps or stages of other steps.

[0095] In one embodiment, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, on which a computer program is stored. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of any of the above-mentioned waste-to-energy control methods are implemented.

[0096] In one example, the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements the following steps:

[0097] When the temperature of the heat absorbing component of the engine reaches the minimum starting threshold, the control system sends a starting instruction; when the starting instruction is received, a first drive signal is transmitted to the generator, and the first drive signal is used to instruct the generator to drive the engine to start; when it is detected that the temperature of the heat absorbing component of the engine or the speed of the generator shaft increases to a preset threshold, the transmission of the first drive signal to the generator is stopped, so that the engine drives the generator to generate electricity; when it is detected that the temperature of the heat absorbing component of the engine or the speed of the generator shaft exceeds the maximum threshold, the control system sends an instruction to the waste heat boiler; the flow rate of water inlet to the waste heat boiler is increased to reduce the temperature of the heat absorbing component of the engine or the speed of the generator shaft, thereby protecting the engine.

[0098] Those skilled in the art can understand that all or part of the processes in the above-mentioned embodiment methods can be completed by instructing the relevant hardware through a computer program, and the computer program can be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium. When the computer program is executed, it can include the processes of the embodiments of the above-mentioned methods. Among them, any reference to memory, storage, database or other media used in the embodiments provided in this application can include non-volatile and / or volatile memory. Non-volatile memory can include read-only memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), electrically programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) or flash memory. Volatile memory can include random access memory (RAM) or external cache memory. As an illustration and not limitation, RAM is available in many forms, such as static RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), double data rate SDRAM (DDRSDRAM), enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), synchronous link (Synchlink) DRAM (SLDRAM), memory bus (Rambus) direct RAM (RDRAM), direct memory bus dynamic RAM (DRDRAM), and memory bus dynamic RAM (RDRAM).

[0099] The technical features of the above-described embodiments may be arbitrarily combined. To make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-described embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0100] The above-mentioned embodiments only express several implementation methods of the present application, and the descriptions thereof are relatively specific and detailed, but they cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the invention patent. It should be pointed out that, for a person of ordinary skill in the art, several variations and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present application, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the patent of the present application shall be subject to the attached claims.

Claims

1. A small and medium-sized garbage power generation system based on a Stirling engine, characterized in that: include: A garbage power generation device, the garbage power generation device comprises a plurality of garbage power generation modules; the garbage power generation modules comprise a generator and an engine; the engine is rotationally connected to the generator of the same module, the engine comprises a heat absorbing component and a heat releasing component; the generator is a starting excitation generator; A radiator, wherein a first side end of the radiator is in communication with a heat-releasing component of each of the engines, and a second side end of the radiator is configured to be connected to ambient air; A waste heat boiler, the input end of which is in communication with the heat absorbing components of each of the engines; A gas heat exchanger, wherein a first input end of the gas heat exchanger is connected to the second side end of the radiator, and a first output end of the gas heat exchanger is respectively connected to the heat absorbing components of each of the engines; An incinerator, wherein the output end of the incinerator is connected to the second input end of the gas heat exchanger, the second input end of the incinerator is connected to the second output end of the gas heat exchanger, and the first input end of the incinerator is connected to the output end of the waste heat boiler.

2. The small and medium-sized garbage power generation system based on Stirling engine according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The waste power generation module also includes a first bypass pipe; a first end of the first bypass pipe is connected to a first output end of the gas heat exchanger, and a second end of the first bypass pipe is connected to an input end of the waste heat boiler.

3. The small and medium-sized garbage power generation system based on Stirling engine according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The garbage power generation module further includes a first switch module; the input end of the first switch module is connected to the first output end of the gas heat exchanger, the first selection end of the first switch module is connected to the first end of the first bypass pipe of the same module, and the second selection end of the first switch module is connected to the input end of the heat absorbing component of the same module; The first switch module is configured to disconnect the passage between the heat absorbing component and the gas heat exchanger of the same module when the engine fails or undergoes periodic maintenance.

4. The small and medium-sized garbage power generation system based on Stirling engine according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Also included is a second bypass conduit; The first end of the second bypass pipe is communicated with the input end of the waste heat boiler, and the second end of the second bypass pipe is communicated with the output end of the waste heat boiler.

5. The small and medium-sized garbage power generation system based on Stirling engine according to claim 4 is characterized in that: Also includes a second switch module; The input end of the second switch module is connected to the output end of each of the heat absorbing components, the first selection end of the second switch module is connected to the first end of the second bypass pipe, and the second selection end of the second switch module is connected to the input end of the waste heat boiler; The second switch module is configured to disconnect the passage between the waste heat boiler and the heat absorption component of the same module when the waste heat boiler fails or is regularly overhauled.

6. The small and medium-sized garbage power generation system based on Stirling engine according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The waste-to-energy module also includes a liquid cooling circulation pipeline; The liquid cooling circulation pipeline is arranged between the heat releasing component or the cold end of the engine and the first side end of the radiator.

7. The small and medium-sized garbage power generation system based on Stirling engine according to claim 1 is characterized in that: It also includes a flue gas purification device; The input end of the flue gas purification device is communicated with the second output end of the gas heat exchanger.

8. The small and medium-sized waste-to-energy system based on a Stirling engine according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The engine is a non-internal combustion engine, and the working medium of the engine adopts a closed cycle.

9. A method for controlling waste-to-energy generation, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: When the temperature of the heat absorbing component of the engine reaches the minimum starting threshold, the control system sends a starting instruction; when the starting instruction is received, a first driving signal is transmitted to the generator, wherein the first driving signal is used to instruct the generator to drive the engine to start; When it is detected that the temperature of the heat absorbing component of the engine or the rotation speed of the generator shaft increases to a preset threshold, the transmission of the first driving signal to the generator is stopped, so that the engine drives the generator to generate electricity; When it is detected that the temperature of the heat absorbing component of the engine or the rotation speed of the generator shaft exceeds the maximum threshold, the control system sends an instruction to the waste heat boiler: increase the flow rate of water inlet to the waste heat boiler or reduce the temperature of the water inlet, so as to reduce the temperature of the flue gas flow at the outlet of the waste heat boiler, and then reduce the temperature of the air at the second output port of the air preheater, and finally reduce the temperature of the heat absorbing component of the engine or the rotation speed of the generator shaft, thereby protecting the engine.

10. The control method for waste-to-energy according to claim 9, characterized in that: After the step of stopping transmitting the first drive signal to the generator when it is detected that the temperature of the heat absorbing component of the engine or the rotation speed of the generator shaft increases to a preset threshold value so that the engine drives the generator to generate electricity, the step includes: When it is detected that the engine fails or the engine cannot be operated due to regular maintenance, disconnecting the passage between the heat absorbing component of the engine and the gas heat exchanger of the same module; When it is detected that the waste heat boiler fails or cannot be operated due to regular maintenance, the passage between the waste heat boiler of the same module and the heat absorbing component of the engine is disconnected.

Images