Quick assembling and disassembling assembly for grinding unit

Abstract

The utility model discloses a quick assembling and disassembling assembly for a grinding unit, which comprises the grinding unit, a grinding unit support and an anti-falling assembly, and a first connecting part is arranged on a back plate of the grinding unit; the second connecting part of the grinding sub-support comprises an inserting head, the anti-disengaging assembly comprises a rotating shaft and a spring bolt, the inserting head is provided with a longitudinal through hole close to one side of the grinding sub-support, and the rotating shaft is rotationally installed at the end, away from the grinding sub-support, of the inserting head. One end of the spring bolt is rotationally installed on the rotating shaft, the other end of the spring bolt bypasses the lower side face of the insertion head and penetrates through the longitudinal through hole to extend to the position above the insertion head, and the anti-disengaging assembly further comprises an elastic driving element used for driving the spring bolt to abut against the lower side face of the insertion head. The end, extending above the insertion head, of the spring bolt abuts against the upper side of the front end edge face of the insertion hole. The mounting and dismounting steps are simple and convenient to operate, and the replacement time of a single grinding sub-assembly is greatly shortened, so that the replacement efficiency of the grinding sub-assembly in the tread cleaning device on the whole locomotive unit is remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of train track tread cleaning equipment, in particular to a grinding sub-rapid assembly. Background Art

[0002] With the increasing popularity of high-speed EMU vehicles and the continuous increase in the speed of urban rail vehicles, disc brakes are used for vehicle braking. In order to ensure the adhesion coefficient of the vehicle wheel tread, some vehicles are equipped with tread cleaning devices. This device can remove foreign matter attached to the wheel tread, making the wheel tread clean and dry, so as to improve the friction between the wheel and the rail.

[0003] The tread cleaner of the prior art includes a grinder and a grinder holder, which are locked and connected by an anti-slip device, and most of the anti-slip devices are hook-tongue plug-hole pin-connected components. The problem with the tread cleaner of this structure is that since the grinder is a consumable part, its maintenance and replacement are relatively frequent. The structure of the anti-slip device of this structure is complex, and the disassembly and installation are time-consuming, resulting in a long maintenance and replacement time for a single grinder, which invisibly reduces the replacement efficiency of the grinders in the tread cleaning device on the entire locomotive. To this end, the utility model proposes a grinder quick assembly and disassembly assembly to solve the above technical problems. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the utility model is to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a grinding stone quick-loading and disassembly assembly. During installation, the grinding stone assembly can be installed by plugging the insertion head on the grinding stone holder into the insertion hole on the grinding stone back plate, and then the end of the locking tongue extending above the insertion head abuts against the upper side of the front end edge of the insertion hole; during disassembly, the grinding stone can be pulled out from the grinding stone holder by only pressing the end of the locking tongue extending above the insertion head to retract it into the longitudinal through hole of the insertion head. The installation and disassembly steps are simple to operate, which helps to greatly shorten the replacement time of a single grinding stone assembly, thereby significantly improving the replacement efficiency of the grinding stone in the tread cleaning device on the entire locomotive group; the overall structural design is simple, the preparation and implementation feasibility is high, and the economy and practicality are strong.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution of the utility model is to design a grinding son quick loading and unloading assembly, including a grinding son, a grinding son holder and an anti-drop assembly, wherein the upper side of the grinding son has a back plate, the back plate is provided with a first connecting portion, the first connecting portion includes an insertion hole; the grinding son holder includes a second connecting portion, the second connecting portion includes an insertion head, the second connecting portion is suitable for connecting with the first connecting portion to connect the grinding son holder and the back plate, the insertion head is suitable for being assembled into the insertion hole when the first connecting portion and the second connecting portion are assembled in place, and the anti-drop assembly includes a rotating shaft and a lock The tongue has a longitudinal through hole on the insertion head close to one side of the grinding child holder, the rotating shaft is rotatably mounted on the end of the insertion head away from the grinding child holder, one end of the locking tongue is rotatably mounted on the rotating shaft, and the other end bypasses the lower side of the insertion head and passes through the longitudinal through hole to extend to the top of the insertion head, the anti-slip assembly also includes an elastic driving element for driving the locking tongue to press against the lower side of the insertion head, when the grinding child and the grinding child holder are assembled in place through the first connecting part and the second connecting part, the end of the locking tongue extending above the insertion head abuts against the front end edge surface on the upper side of the insertion hole.

[0006] The utility model discloses a grinding wheel quick-loading and disassembly component. When installing, the grinding wheel component can be installed by inserting the insertion head on the grinding wheel support into the insertion hole on the grinding wheel back plate, and then the end of the locking tongue extending above the insertion head abuts against the upper side of the front edge surface of the insertion hole; when disassembling, the grinding wheel can be pulled out from the grinding wheel support by only pressing the end of the locking tongue extending above the insertion head to retract it into the longitudinal through hole of the insertion head. The installation and disassembly steps are simple to operate, which helps to greatly shorten the replacement time of a single grinding wheel component, thereby significantly improving the replacement efficiency of the grinding wheel in the tread cleaning device on the entire locomotive group; the overall structural design is simple, the preparation and implementation feasibility is high, and the economy and practicality are strong.

[0007] The preferred technical solution is that two ear plates are arranged vertically at intervals at one end of the insertion head away from the grinder holder, the rotating shaft is vertically located between the two ear plates, and the two ends of the rotating shaft are rotatably mounted on the two ear plates, one end of the locking tongue is provided with a mounting hole, and one end of the locking tongue is sleeved on one end of the rotating shaft through the mounting hole, and the elastic driving element is a torsion spring sleeved on the other end of the rotating shaft, one end of the torsion spring is hooked on the adjacent ear plate, and the other end is hooked on the locking tongue. The anti-slip component structure is ingeniously and reasonably designed, and the overall compactness of the locking structure connecting the grinder holder and the grinder is good, thereby ensuring that the grinder quick assembly and disassembly component of the utility model is also well applicable to tread sweepers with narrow operating space.

[0008] A further preferred technical solution is that the two ear plates are respectively provided with a horizontal through hole 1 penetrating the plate body, and the inner wall surface of the outer end of the horizontal through hole 1 is respectively provided with an annular groove, and the two ends of the rotating shaft are respectively movably plugged into the inner end of the horizontal through hole 1 on the corresponding ear plate, and the inner part of the annular groove is embedded with a retaining spring for limiting the axial movement of the rotating shaft. The installation method of the rotating shaft at the end of the insertion head is simple, and the retaining springs located on the two ear plates play a role in limiting the axial movement of the rotating shaft, thereby preventing the rotating shaft from axially moving, and ensuring that the grinding sub quick assembly and disassembly assembly of the utility model still has good stability under severe vibration conditions.

[0009] A further preferred technical solution is that a second horizontal through hole penetrating the plate body is provided on the ear plate adjacent to the elastic driving element, a groove close to the rotating shaft is provided on the lower side of the lock tongue, one end of the torsion spring abuts against the inside of the groove on the lower side of the lock tongue, and the other end is hooked on the inside of the second horizontal through hole on the adjacent ear plate. The installation method of the torsion spring on the anti-drop assembly has good stability, thereby ensuring that the grinding stone quick assembly and disassembly assembly of the utility model still has good stability under severe vibration conditions, effectively preventing the grinding stone from falling off.

[0010] A further preferred technical solution is that the lock tongue is an L-shaped structure, and one end surface of the lock tongue extending above the insertion head is set as a slope structure with a low front and a high rear, and a groove is provided on the slope structure. The free end of the lock tongue of the L-shaped structure can smoothly pass through the longitudinal through hole on the insertion head and extend to the top of the insertion head to press against the upper side of the front edge of the insertion hole to ensure the stability of the connection between the grinder holder and the grinder; the end surface of the lock tongue extending above the insertion head is set as a slope structure with a low front and a high rear, so that when the grinder and the grinder holder are plugged and assembled, the upper side edge of the insertion hole can smoothly compress the free end of the lock tongue into the longitudinal through hole of the insertion head, so that the insertion head can smoothly enter the insertion hole of the grinder; the groove improves the convenience of removing the grinder when the free end of the lock tongue is pressed to retract into the longitudinal through hole of the insertion head, avoiding the phenomenon of pressing and slipping.

[0011] A further preferred technical solution is that the first connection part is an insertion groove arranged on the side of the back plate away from the grinder, the insertion hole is located at the front end of the insertion groove, and the rear end of the insertion groove is open; the second connection part is a base plate, the insertion head is integrally formed at one end of the base plate, and the side of the base plate away from the grinder has a pair of mounting plates; when the grinder and the grinder holder are assembled in place through the first connection part and the second connection part, the base plate is plugged into the insertion groove from the open end. The first connection part and the second connection part are ingeniously and reasonably designed in structure, have good adaptability, and are easy to install or disassemble, thereby ensuring the smooth preparation and implementation of the grinder quick assembly and disassembly assembly of the utility model.

[0012] A further preferred technical solution is that the insertion head is located in the middle of one end of the base plate, and the insertion hole is located in the middle of the front end of the insertion slot.

[0013] The advantages and beneficial effects of the utility model are:

[0014] 1. The utility model provides a grinding wheel quick-loading and disassembly assembly. During installation, the grinding wheel assembly can be installed by inserting the insertion head on the grinding wheel holder into the insertion hole on the grinding wheel back plate, and then the end of the locking tongue extending above the insertion head is abutted against the upper side of the front edge of the insertion hole; during disassembly, the grinding wheel can be pulled out from the grinding wheel holder by only pressing the end of the locking tongue extending above the insertion head and retracting it into the longitudinal through hole of the insertion head. The installation and disassembly steps are simple to operate, which helps to greatly shorten the replacement time of a single grinding wheel assembly, thereby significantly improving the replacement efficiency of the grinding wheel in the tread cleaning device on the entire locomotive group; the overall structural design is simple, the preparation and implementation feasibility is high, and the economy and practicality are strong.

[0015] 2. The anti-drop assembly structure is ingeniously and reasonably designed, and the grinding wheel support and the grinding wheel connection locking structure are compact as a whole, thereby ensuring that the grinding wheel quick assembly and disassembly assembly of the utility model is also well applicable to tread cleaners with narrow operating space.

[0016] 3. The installation method of the rotating shaft at the end of the insertion head is simple, and the retaining springs located on the two ear plates limit the axial movement of the rotating shaft, thereby preventing the rotating shaft from axial movement, ensuring that the grinding sub quick assembly and disassembly assembly of the utility model still has good stability under severe vibration conditions.

[0017] 4. The installation method of the torsion spring on the anti-drop assembly has good stability, thereby ensuring that the grinding stone quick assembly and disassembly assembly of the utility model still has good stability under severe vibration conditions, effectively preventing the grinding stone from falling off.

[0018] 5. The free end of the L-shaped lock tongue can smoothly pass through the longitudinal through hole on the insertion head and extend to the top of the insertion head, so as to press against the upper side of the front edge of the insertion hole, thereby ensuring the stability of the connection between the grinder holder and the grinder; the end surface of the lock tongue extending to the top of the insertion head is set as a slope structure with a low front and a high back, so that when the grinder and the grinder holder are plugged in and assembled, the upper side edge of the insertion hole can smoothly compress the free end of the lock tongue into the longitudinal through hole of the insertion head, so that the insertion head can smoothly enter the insertion hole of the grinder; the groove improves the convenience of disassembling the grinder when the free end of the lock tongue is pressed to retract into the longitudinal through hole of the insertion head, thereby avoiding the phenomenon of pressing and slipping. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a grinding head quick assembly and disassembly assembly of the utility model;

[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the disassembly structure of a grinding head quick assembly and disassembly assembly of the utility model;

[0021] Figure 3 It is a top view of a grinding head quick assembly and disassembly assembly of the utility model;

[0022] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 A partial enlarged view of the H in the middle;

[0023] Figure 5 This is one of the side views (partial cross-section) of a quick-install and disassemble assembly of a grinding wheel of the utility model;

[0024] Figure 6 This is the second side view (partial section view) of a quick-install and disassemble assembly of a grinding wheel according to the present invention.

[0025] In the figure: 1. grinder; 2. grinder support; 3. anti-slip assembly; 1-1. back plate; 1-1a. insertion slot; 1-1b. insertion hole; 2-1. insertion head; 2-2. base plate; 2-2a. longitudinal through hole; 2-3. ear plate; 2-3a. horizontal through hole one; 2-3b. annular groove; 2-3c. retaining spring; 2-3d. horizontal through hole two; 2-4. mounting plate; 3-1. shaft; 3-2. locking tongue; 3-2a. groove; 3-3. elastic drive element. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The following is a further description of the specific implementation of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and cannot be used to limit the protection scope of the present invention.

[0027] Example

[0028] like Figures 1 to 4As shown, the utility model is a grinding son quick loading and unloading assembly, including a grinding son 1, a grinding son holder 2 and an anti-slip assembly 3, the grinding son 1 has a back plate 1-1 on the upper side, the back plate 1-1 is provided with a first connecting portion, the first connecting portion includes an insertion hole 1-1b; the grinding son holder 2 includes a second connecting portion, the second connecting portion includes an insertion head 2-1, the second connecting portion is suitable for connecting with the first connecting portion to connect the grinding son holder 2 and the back plate 1-1, the insertion head 2-1 is suitable for being assembled into the insertion hole 1-1b when the first connecting portion and the second connecting portion are assembled in place, the anti-slip assembly 3 includes a rotating shaft 3-1 and a locking tongue 3-2, the insertion head 2-1 has a support The longitudinal through hole 2-2a on one side of the grinding sub-holder 2, the rotating shaft 3-1 is rotatably mounted on the end of the insertion head 2-1 away from the grinding sub-holder 2, one end of the locking tongue 3-2 is rotatably mounted on the rotating shaft 3-1, and the other end bypasses and passes through the longitudinal through hole 2-2a from the lower side of the insertion head 2-1 to extend to the top of the insertion head 2-1, the anti-slip assembly 3 also includes an elastic driving element 3-3 for driving the locking tongue 3-2 to press against the lower side of the insertion head 2-1, when the grinding sub-holder 2 is assembled in place through the first connecting part and the second connecting part, the end of the locking tongue 3-2 extending to the top of the insertion head 2-1 abuts against the front end edge surface on the upper side of the insertion hole 1-1b.

[0029] Preferably, two ear plates 2-3 are vertically spaced correspondingly at one end of the insertion head 2-1 away from the grinding sub-holder 2, the rotating shaft 3-1 is vertically located between the two ear plates 2-3, and the two ends of the rotating shaft 3-1 are rotatably mounted on the two ear plates 2-3 respectively, one end of the locking tongue 3-2 is provided with a mounting hole, and one end of the locking tongue 3-2 is sleeved on one end of the rotating shaft 3-1 through the mounting hole, and the elastic driving element 3-3 is a torsion spring sleeved on the other end of the rotating shaft 3-1, one end of the torsion spring is hooked on the adjacent ear plate 2-3, and the other end is hooked on the locking tongue 3-2.

[0030] Further preferably, the two ear plates 2-3 are respectively provided with a horizontal through hole 2-3a penetrating the plate body, and the inner wall surface of the outer end of the horizontal through hole 2-3a is respectively provided with an annular groove 2-3b, and the two ends of the rotating shaft 3-1 are respectively movably connected to the inner ends of the horizontal through hole 2-3a on the corresponding ear plate 2-3, and the annular groove 2-3b is embedded with a retaining spring 2-3c for limiting the axial movement of the rotating shaft 3-1.

[0031] Further preferably, a horizontal through hole 2-3d penetrating the plate body is provided on the ear plate 2-3 adjacent to the elastic driving element 3-3, and a groove close to the rotating shaft 3-1 is provided on the lower side of the lock tongue 3-2, and one end of the torsion spring abuts against the inside of the groove on the lower side of the lock tongue 3-2, and the other end is hooked on the inside of the horizontal through hole 2-3d on the adjacent ear plate 2-3.

[0032] Further preferably, the locking tongue 3-2 is an L-shaped structure, and one end surface of the locking tongue 3-2 extending above the insertion head 2-1 is set as a slope structure with a low front and a high rear, and a groove 3-2a is provided on the slope structure.

[0033] Further preferably, the first connecting portion is an insertion groove 1-1a arranged on the side of the back plate 1-1 facing away from the grinder 1, the insertion hole 1-1b is located at the front end of the insertion groove 1-1a, and the rear end of the insertion groove 1-1a is open; the second connecting portion is a substrate 2-2, the insertion head 2-1 is integrally formed at one end of the substrate 2-2, and the side of the substrate 2-2 facing away from the grinder 1 has a pair of mounting plates 2-4; when the grinder 1 and the grinder holder 2 are assembled into place through the first connecting portion and the second connecting portion, the substrate 2-2 is inserted into the inside of the insertion groove 1-1a from the open end of the insertion groove 1-1a.

[0034] Further preferably, the insertion head 2-1 is located in the middle of one end of the base plate 2-2, and the insertion hole 1-1b is located in the middle of the front end of the insertion slot 1-1a.

[0035] The use principle of the grinding head quick assembly and disassembly assembly of the utility model:

[0036] When installing the grinder 1, the base plate 2-2 of the grinder holder 2 is inserted into the interior of the insertion groove 1-1a from the open end thereof, wherein the insertion head 2-1 corresponds to the insertion hole 1-1b, and the end face of the lock tongue 3-2 extending to the top of the insertion head 2-1 is set to a sloped structure with a low front and a high back, so that when the grinder 1 and the grinder holder 2 are plugged in and assembled, the upper side edge of the insertion hole 1-1b can smoothly compress the free end of the lock tongue 3-2 with a sloped structure into the longitudinal through hole 2-2a of the insertion head 2-1, so that the insertion head 2-1 can smoothly pass through the insertion hole 1-1b to the outside of one end of the grinder 1, and then, the free end of the lock tongue 3-2 with a sloped structure smoothly rebounds and passes through the longitudinal through hole 2-2a of the insertion head 2-1 again, and abuts against the front end edge surface on the upper side of the insertion hole 1-1b, completing the installation of the grinder 1 on the grinder holder 2.

[0037] When disassembling the grinding wheel 1, Figure 5As shown, hold the grinding wheel 1 by hand and push the end of the insertion groove 1-1a close to the mounting plate 2-4 to abut against the mounting plate 2-4; then, press the free end of the locking tongue 3-2 with the slope structure by hand to smoothly compress it into the longitudinal through hole 2-2a of the insertion head 2-1, as shown in FIG. Figure 6 As shown, the grinding stone 1 is then pulled out from the insertion groove 1 - 1 a to complete the removal of the grinding stone 1 from the grinding stone holder 2 .

[0038] The utility model discloses a grinding wheel quick-loading and disassembly component. When installing, the grinding wheel component can be installed by inserting the insertion head on the grinding wheel holder into the insertion hole on the grinding wheel back plate, and then the end of the locking tongue extending above the insertion head abuts against the upper side of the front edge surface of the insertion hole; when disassembling, the grinding wheel can be pulled out from the grinding wheel holder by pressing the end of the locking tongue extending above the insertion head to retract it into the longitudinal through hole of the insertion head. The installation and disassembly steps are simple to operate, which helps to greatly shorten the replacement time of a single grinding wheel component, thereby significantly improving the replacement efficiency of the grinding wheel in the tread cleaning device on the entire locomotive group; the overall structural design is simple, the preparation and implementation feasibility is high, the installation or disassembly is convenient, and it is easy to install and use on a tread cleaner with a narrow operating space, and it is economical and practical.

[0039] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A quick-loading and disassembly assembly for a grinding wheel, comprising a grinding wheel (1), a grinding wheel holder (2) and an anti-slip assembly (3), wherein the upper side of the grinding wheel (1) has a back plate (1-1), the back plate (1-1) is provided with a first connection part, and the first connection part comprises an insertion hole (1-1b); the grinding wheel holder (2) comprises a second connection part, and the second connection part comprises an insertion head (2-1), the second connection part is suitable for connecting with the first connection part to connect the grinding wheel holder (2) and the back plate (1-1), and the insertion head (2-1) is suitable for being assembled into the insertion hole (1-1b) when the first connection part and the second connection part are assembled in place, characterized in that The anti-drop assembly (3) comprises a rotating shaft (3-1) and a locking tongue (3-2); the insertion head (2-1) is provided with a longitudinal through hole (2-2a) close to the grinding sub-holder (2); the rotating shaft (3-1) is rotatably mounted on the end of the insertion head (2-1) away from the grinding sub-holder (2); one end of the locking tongue (3-2) is rotatably mounted on the rotating shaft (3-1) and the other end is passed around the lower side of the insertion head (2-1) and passes through the longitudinal through hole (2-2a) extends to the top of the insertion head (2-1), the anti-drop assembly (3) also includes an elastic driving element (3-3) for driving the locking tongue (3-2) to abut against the lower side of the insertion head (2-1), and when the grinding wheel (1) and the grinding wheel holder (2) are assembled in place through the first connecting part and the second connecting part, the end of the locking tongue (3-2) extending to the top of the insertion head (2-1) abuts against the front end edge surface on the upper side of the insertion hole (1-1b).

2. The grinding head quick assembly and disassembly assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: Two ear plates (2-3) are vertically spaced and arranged correspondingly at one end of the insertion head (2-1) away from the grinding sub-holder (2); the rotating shaft (3-1) is vertically located between the two ear plates (2-3); and the two ends of the rotating shaft (3-1) are rotatably mounted on the two ear plates (2-3) respectively; one end of the locking tongue (3-2) is provided with a mounting hole; one end of the locking tongue (3-2) is sleeved on one end of the rotating shaft (3-1) through the mounting hole; the elastic driving element (3-3) is a torsion spring sleeved on the other end of the rotating shaft (3-1); one end of the torsion spring is hooked on the adjacent ear plate (2-3) and the other end is hooked on the locking tongue (3-2).

3. The grinding head quick assembly and disassembly assembly according to claim 2, characterized in that: The two ear plates (2-3) are respectively provided with a horizontal through hole (2-3a) penetrating the plate body, and the inner wall surface of the outer end of the horizontal through hole (2-3a) is respectively provided with an annular groove (2-3b), and the two ends of the rotating shaft (3-1) are respectively movably plugged into the inner end of the horizontal through hole (2-3a) on the corresponding ear plate (2-3), and the annular groove (2-3b) is embedded with a retaining spring (2-3c) for limiting the axial movement of the rotating shaft (3-1).

4. The grinding head quick assembly and disassembly assembly according to claim 3, characterized in that: A second horizontal through hole (2-3d) penetrating the plate body is provided on the ear plate (2-3) adjacent to the elastic driving element (3-3); a groove close to the rotating shaft (3-1) is provided on the lower side of the lock tongue (3-2); one end of the torsion spring abuts against the inside of the groove on the lower side of the lock tongue (3-2), and the other end is hooked on the inside of the second horizontal through hole (2-3d) on the adjacent ear plate (2-3).

5. The grinding head quick assembly and disassembly assembly according to claim 4, characterized in that: The locking tongue (3-2) is an L-shaped structure, and one end surface of the locking tongue (3-2) extending above the insertion head (2-1) is configured as a slope structure with a lower front and a higher rear, and a groove (3-2a) is provided on the slope structure.

6. The grinding head quick-install and release assembly according to claim 5, characterized in that: The first connection part is an insertion groove (1-1a) arranged on the side of the back plate (1-1) away from the grinding wheel (1), the insertion hole (1-1b) is located at the front end of the insertion groove (1-1a), and the rear end of the insertion groove (1-1a) is open; the second connection part is a base plate (2-2), the insertion head (2-1) is integrally formed at one end of the base plate (2-2), and the side of the base plate (2-2 away from the grinding wheel (1) has a pair of mounting plates (2-4); when the grinding wheel (1) and the grinding wheel holder (2) are assembled in place through the first connection part and the second connection part, the base plate (2-2) is inserted into the inside of the insertion groove (1-1a) from the open end of the insertion groove (1-1a).

7. The grinding head quick-install and release assembly according to claim 6, characterized in that: The insertion head (2-1) is located in the middle of one end of the base plate (2-2), and the insertion hole (1-1b) is located in the middle of the front end of the insertion groove (1-1a).

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