Intercepting device for sewage treatment tank

By designing automatic interception and lifting mechanisms, the problem of manual cleaning of garbage between intercepting devices for sewage treatment pools is solved, and automatic transportation and cleaning of garbage are achieved, improving work efficiency and device stability are improved.

CN222304925UActive Publication Date: 2025-01-07SICHUAN TENGHAO ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ENG CO LTD
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Patent Information

Application Number
CN202421072353.8
Authority / Receiving Office
CN · China
Patent Type
Utility models(China)
Current Assignee / Owner
Filing Date
2024-05-16
Publication Date
2025-01-07
Estimated Expiration
2034-05-16

AI Technical Summary

Technical Problem

The existing interception device for sewage treatment pools requires manual cleaning of garbage, and the filter net is easily blocked by debris, affecting the normal operation of the device.

Method used

An interception device including an interception box, an interception area, a filter area, a storage mechanism and a cleaning mechanism was designed. The bag-shaped floating objects were initially intercepted through the interception mechanism, and the garbage was automatically transported out by the lifting mechanism, and the cleaning mechanism cleaned the filter plate. impurities, reducing manual operation.

Benefits of technology

It realizes automatic transportation and cleaning without manual garbage cleaning, improves work efficiency and long-term stability of the device, and reduces labor consumption.

✦ Generated by Eureka AI based on patent content.

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Abstract

The utility model discloses an intercepting device for a sewage treatment pond in the technical field of sewage treatment ponds, which comprises an intercepting box, the interior of the intercepting box is divided into an intercepting area and a filtering area, and the intercepting area is positioned above one side of the filtering area; according to the sewage treatment device, the bag-shaped floating objects in the sewage can be preliminarily intercepted through the intercepting mechanism, and the intercepted garbage can be conveniently moved to the outside of the intercepting box after being intercepted; meanwhile, the lifting mechanism is arranged so that the garbage concentrated in the storage mechanism can be conveyed out of the intercepting box and poured into an external garbage can, manual garbage cleaning is not needed, labor force is reduced, and therefore the practicability and the working efficiency are improved; by arranging the sweeping mechanism, impurity garbage remaining on the surfaces of the first filter plate and the second filter plate can be swept and scraped, operation is easy, and use is convenient and fast.
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Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of sewage treatment pools, in particular to an interception device for sewage treatment pools. Background Art

[0002] A sewage treatment tank is a device used to treat wastewater. It removes pollutants from wastewater through different physical, chemical and biological processes to meet environmental emission standards or serve as a reused water source. Through pretreatment, primary treatment, secondary treatment, tertiary treatment and disinfection, the sewage treatment tank can effectively remove pollutants such as suspended matter, organic matter, inorganic matter and microorganisms in wastewater, improve water quality to meet environmental emission standards or reuse requirements. In the sewage treatment process, interception devices are often needed to intercept impurities and garbage in the sewage to facilitate the normal operation of subsequent sewage treatment equipment.

[0003] However, most of the existing intercepting devices for sewage treatment pools require manual cleaning of the garbage in the intercepting devices after intercepting the impurities and garbage, which is troublesome, time-consuming and labor-intensive. In addition, since the filter nets of the intercepting devices are mostly fixed structures, if they are not cleaned in time, their surfaces are easily blocked by debris over time, thereby affecting the normal operation of the intercepting device and being unfavorable for people's use. Therefore, those skilled in the art provide an intercepting device for sewage treatment pools to solve the problems raised in the above background technology. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of the utility model is to provide an interception device for a sewage treatment pool to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the utility model provides the following technical solutions: an interception device for a sewage treatment pool, comprising an interception box, the interior of the interception box is divided into an interception area and a filtration area, and the interception area is located above one side of the filtration area, and the interior of the interception area is provided with an interception mechanism for intercepting and treating bag-shaped floating objects in the sewage, and the bottom of the filtration area is welded with a first slope and a second slope in sequence, and the bottom ends of the inclined surfaces of the first slope and the second slope are provided with a storage mechanism for storing garbage in the sewage, and the top of the storage mechanism is connected to a lifting mechanism located at the top of the interception box for lifting it for sewage discharge, and one side of the storage mechanism is provided with a filtering mechanism located in the filtration area for filtering block-shaped garbage in the sewage, and the side of the filtering mechanism close to the storage mechanism is provided with a cleaning mechanism for cleaning the surface of the filtering mechanism.

[0006] Preferably: the intercepting mechanism includes a sealing cylinder, an intercepting rod, a cleaning plate and a connecting rod, one side of the intercepting box is slidably connected with a sealing cylinder extending to the intercepting area, one side of the inner wall of the intercepting area is welded with a plurality of intercepting rods side by side, the other ends of the intercepting rods are slidably inserted into one side of the sealing cylinder, the surface of the intercepting rod is slidably connected with a cleaning plate, both ends of the cleaning plate on the side close to the sealing cylinder are welded with connecting rods, and the other ends of the connecting rods are welded to the side of the sealing cylinder.

[0007] Preferably: the storage mechanism includes a storage frame and a limiting rod, the bottom ends of the inclined surfaces of the first slope and the second slope are slidably connected to the storage frame located at the bottom of the filtering area, a limiting groove is provided on the inner wall of the interception box close to the storage box, the inside of the limiting groove is slidably connected to the limiting rod, the other end of the limiting rod is welded to one side of the storage frame, the top of the storage frame is connected to a lifting mechanism located at the top of the interception box, and a filtering mechanism is provided on the side of the storage frame away from the bottom ends of the inclined surfaces of the first slope and the second slope.

[0008] Preferably, the storage frame is shaped like a shovel and has through holes on all sides thereof.

[0009] Preferably: the lifting mechanism includes a fixed plate, a first motor, a round rod, a winding drum and a pulling rope, the top of the interception box is provided with a through slot connected to the filtering area and located above the storage frame, both sides of the through slot are welded with fixed plates located on the top of the interception box, one side of one group of the fixed plates are bolted side by side with the first motor, the output end of the first motor is fixedly connected to the round rod through a rotating shaft, the other end of the round rod passes through the fixed plate and is rotatably connected to the inside of another fixed plate, the surface of the round rod is symmetrically welded with winding drums, the surface of the winding drums is wrapped with pulling ropes, the top of the storage frame is welded with rectangular fixed hooks, and the end of the pulling rope away from the winding drum is hung on the fixing hook.

[0010] Preferably: the filtering mechanism comprises a first filter plate and a second filter plate, a mounting plate located in the filtering area is welded to a side of the storage frame away from the bottom ends of the inclined surfaces of the first slope and the second slope, the top of the mounting plate is respectively and sequentially fixedly connected with the first filter plate and the second filter plate, the top ends of the first filter plate and the second filter plate are both fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the interception box, and the filtering holes of the first filter plate are larger than the filtering holes of the second filter plate, and a cleaning mechanism is provided on the side of the first filter plate and the second filter plate close to the storage frame.

[0011] Preferably: the cleaning mechanism includes a cleaning brush, a support rod, a threaded rod and a second motor, a cleaning brush is provided on one side of the first filter plate and the second filter plate close to the storage frame, and the brush ends of the cleaning brush are in contact with the surfaces of the first filter plate and the second filter plate, a support rod and a threaded rod are respectively provided at the bottom and top ends of one side of the cleaning brush, both ends of the support rod pass through the cleaning brush and are welded to the inner wall of the interception box, one end of the threaded rod passes through the cleaning brush and is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the interception box through a bearing seat, a second motor is symmetrically installed on one side of the interception box by bolts, and the other end of the threaded rod passes through the interception box and is fixedly connected to the output end of the second motor by a rotating shaft.

[0012] Preferably, the cleaning brush is rotationally connected to the threaded rod through a thread and is slidably connected to the support rod.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model are:

[0014] 1. In the utility model, the interception device for the sewage treatment pool can preliminarily intercept the bag-shaped floating objects in the sewage by providing an interception mechanism, and after interception, it is convenient to move the intercepted garbage to the outside of the interception box. At the same time, a lifting mechanism is provided to transport the garbage concentrated in the storage mechanism out of the interception box and pour it into an external garbage can. There is no need to manually clean the garbage in the interception device, which reduces labor and improves practicality and work efficiency.

[0015] 2. In the utility model, the intercepting device for the sewage treatment pool can clean and scrape the impurities and garbage remaining on the surfaces of the first filter plate and the second filter plate by providing a cleaning mechanism. The operation is simple and the use is convenient, thereby ensuring that the intercepting device for the sewage treatment pool can intercept the impurities and garbage in a long-term and stable manner. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the utility model;

[0017] Figure 2 It is a cross-sectional view of the overall structure of the utility model;

[0018] Figure 3 It is a top view of the overall structure of the utility model.

[0019] In the figure: 1. interception box; 2. interception area; 3. filtration area; 9. first slope; 10. second slope; 11. limit groove; 12. through groove; 13. mounting plate; 41. sealing cylinder; 42. interception rod; 43. cleaning plate; 44. connecting rod; 51. storage frame; 52. limit rod; 53. through hole; 61. fixing plate; 62. first motor; 63. round rod; 64. winding drum; 65. pulling rope; 66. fixing hook; 71. first filter plate; 72. second filter plate; 81. cleaning brush; 82. support rod; 83. threaded rod; 84. second motor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the utility model to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the utility model. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the utility model, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the utility model, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the utility model.

[0021] See also Figure 1 to Figure 3 In an embodiment of the utility model, an interception device for a sewage treatment pool includes an interception box 1, the interior of the interception box 1 is divided into an interception area 2 and a filtration area 3, and the interception area 2 is located above one side of the filtration area 3, and the interior of the interception area 2 is provided with an interception mechanism for intercepting and treating bag-shaped floating objects in sewage, the interception mechanism includes a sealing cylinder 41, an interception rod 42, a cleaning plate 43 and a connecting rod 44, one side of the interception box 1 is slidably connected with a sealing cylinder 41 extending to the interception area 2, one side of the inner wall of the interception area 2 is welded with a plurality of interception rods 42 in parallel, the other ends of the interception rods 42 are slidably inserted into one side of the sealing cylinder 41, the surface of the interception rod 42 is penetrated by a cleaning plate 43 that is slidably connected, and both ends of the cleaning plate 43 close to the sealing cylinder 41 are welded with connecting rods 44, and the other ends of the connecting rods 44 are welded to the side of the sealing cylinder 41.

[0022] When in use, the sewage is transported into the interception area 2 from the water inlet at the top of the interception box 1. At this time, the interception rod 42 can intercept bag-shaped, long strip-shaped and other floating objects in the sewage, and the intercepted garbage is hung on the interception rod 42. When all the sewage passes through the interception area 2 and is discharged into the interception box 1, when it is necessary to clean the garbage on the surface of the interception rod 42, the operator pulls the handle on one side of the sealing cylinder 41 to make the sealing cylinder 41 separate from the interception box 1. When the sealing cylinder 41 separates from the interception box 1, it is also separated from one end of the interception rod 42. When the sealing cylinder 41 is pulled and moved, the cleaning plate 43 is driven by the connecting rod 44 to slide along the surface of the interception rod 42. When the cleaning plate 43 moves, the garbage hanging on the surface of the interception rod 42 can be pulled together, so that the garbage is moved to the outside of the interception box 1 along with the cleaning plate 43 by continuously pulling the sealing cylinder 41. At this time, a trash can can be placed on one side of the interception box 1 to facilitate the collection of garbage.

[0023] The bottom of the filter area 3 is welded with a first slope 9 and a second slope 10 in sequence, and the bottom ends of the inclined surfaces of the first slope 9 and the second slope 10 are provided with a storage mechanism for storing garbage in sewage, and the storage mechanism includes a storage frame 51 and a limiting rod 52. The bottom ends of the inclined surfaces of the first slope 9 and the second slope 10 are slidably connected with the storage frame 51 located at the bottom of the filter area 3, and a limiting groove 11 is provided on one side of the inner wall of the interception box 1 close to the storage frame 51, and the inside of the limiting groove 11 is slidably connected to the limiting rod 52, and the other end of the limiting rod 52 is welded to one side of the storage frame 51. The storage frame 51 is similar to a shovel shape and has through holes 53 on all sides. The through holes 53 are provided for sewage to flow out of the storage frame 51.

[0024] The top of the storage frame 51 is connected to a lifting mechanism located at the top of the interception box 1 for lifting it and discharging sewage. The lifting mechanism includes a fixed plate 61, a first motor 62, a round rod 63, a winding drum 64 and a pulling rope 65. A through slot 12 connected to the filtration area 3 and located above the storage frame 51 is opened on the top of the interception box 1. Fixed plates 61 located at the top of the interception box 1 are welded on both sides of the through slot 12. One side of one group of fixed plates 61 is bolted side by side with the first motor 62. The output end of the first motor 62 is fixedly connected to the round rod 63 through a rotating shaft. The other end of the round rod 63 passes through the fixed plate 61 and is rotatably connected to the inside of another fixed plate 61. The surface of the round rod 63 is symmetrically welded with a winding drum 64, and the surface of the winding drum 64 is wrapped with a pulling rope 65. Fixed hooks 66 distributed in a rectangular shape are welded to the top of the storage frame 51, and the end of the pulling rope 65 away from the winding drum 64 is hung on the fixed hook 66.

[0025] A filtering mechanism for filtering block garbage in sewage is provided on one side of the storage frame 51 away from the bottom ends of the inclined surfaces of the first slope 9 and the second slope 10, and is located in the filtering area 3. The filtering mechanism includes a first filter plate 71 and a second filter plate 72. A mounting plate 13 located in the filtering area 3 is welded to one side of the storage frame 51 away from the bottom ends of the inclined surfaces of the first slope 9 and the second slope 10. The tops of the mounting plates 13 are respectively and sequentially fixedly connected with the first filter plates 71 and the second filter plates 72. The top ends of the first filter plates 71 and the second filter plates 72 are fixedly installed on the inner wall of the interception box 1, and the filtering holes of the first filter plates 71 are larger than the filtering holes of the second filter plates 72, so as to filter and block block garbage of different sizes in turn.

[0026] When in use, when sewage enters the filtering area 3 after preliminary treatment by the interception mechanism, the block garbage is filtered and blocked by the first filter plate 71 and the second filter plate 72 in sequence and falls into the storage frame 51 respectively. When the garbage in the storage frame 51 needs to be cleaned and poured out, the operator simultaneously starts the first motor 62 on one side of one of the fixed plates 61. When the output end of the first motor 62 rotates, the round rod 63 connected to it is driven to rotate accordingly, so that the winding drum 64 rotates and reels the pulling rope 65. When the pulling rope 65 is rotated and reeled, the storage frame 51 is moved upward through the fixed hook 66. Movement, when the storage frame 51 moves, the limit rod 52 slides and moves in the limit groove 11, and the limit rod 52 is used to limit the upward or downward position of the storage frame 51. When the storage frame 51 moves up to the top of the interception box 1 through the through groove 12, the external trash can is placed on the top of the interception box 1, and then the operator controls the first motor 62 close to the side of the trash can to stop running. At this time, the other first motor 62 is still running, so that the storage frame 51 tilts toward one side of the trash can, and then the garbage in the storage frame 51 is dumped out. The operation is simple and there is no need to manually clean the garbage in the storage frame 51, which saves trouble and effort.

[0027] The first filter plate 71 and the second filter plate 72 are each provided with a cleaning mechanism for cleaning the surface thereof on one side close to the storage frame 51, and the cleaning mechanism includes a cleaning brush 81, a support rod 82, a threaded rod 83 and a second motor 84. A cleaning brush 81 is each provided on one side of the first filter plate 71 and the second filter plate 72 close to the storage frame 51, and the brush ends of the cleaning brush 81 are in contact with the surfaces of the first filter plate 71 and the second filter plate 72, and a support rod 82 and a threaded rod 83 are respectively provided at the bottom and top ends of one side of the cleaning brush 81, and both ends of the support rod 82 pass through the cleaning brush 81 and are welded to the inner wall of the interception box 1, one end of the threaded rod 83 passes through the cleaning brush 81 and is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the interception box 1 through a bearing seat, a second motor 84 is symmetrically installed on one side of the interception box 1 through bolts, and the other end of the threaded rod 83 passes through the interception box 1 and is fixedly connected to the output end of the second motor 84 through a rotating shaft, the cleaning brush 81 is rotatably connected to the threaded rod 83 through a thread and is slidably connected to the support rod 82.

[0028] During use, when it is necessary to clean the surface of the first filter plate 71 and the second filter plate 72, the second motor 84 is started. When the output end of the second motor 84 rotates, the threaded rod 83 is driven to rotate accordingly, so that the cleaning brush 81 moves in a translational motion to clean the impurities and garbage on the surface of the first filter plate 71 and the second filter plate 72, thereby avoiding blockage caused by excessive impurities and garbage on the surface of the first filter plate 71 and the second filter plate 72, which affects the efficiency of filtering and draining. When the cleaning brush 81 moves in a translational motion, the bottom end of one side thereof slides on the surface of the support rod 82 at the same time. The support rod 82 is used to provide stable support for the cleaning brush 81 during the cleaning operation.

[0029] Working principle: When the interception device for the sewage treatment pool is to be used, the sewage is first transported from the water inlet into the interception box 1. When the sewage flows through the interception area 2, the bag-shaped floating objects mixed in the sewage are intercepted by the interception mechanism, and then the preliminarily treated sewage flows into the filtration area 3. At this time, the first filter plate 71 and the second filter plate 72 intercept and block the block garbage in the sewage in turn, and the blocked block garbage falls into the storage frame 51 in turn. Then the intercepted sewage is discharged through the sewage outlet at the bottom end of the side of the interception box 1. When the sewage interception treatment is completed and the intercepted garbage needs to be cleaned, at this time, by pulling the handle on one side of the sealing cylinder 41, the sealing cylinder 41 drives the cleaning plate 43 to the interception rod 4 through the connecting rod 44. 2 is pulled out of the interception box 1, and then the second motor 84 is started to control the cleaning mechanism to operate the garbage retained on the surfaces of the first filter plate 71 and the second filter plate 72 to clean the garbage into the storage frame 51, and then the first motor 62 is started to operate the lifting mechanism, and the pulling rope 65 is continuously wound by the winding drum 64, so that the storage frame 51 is moved up to the top of the interception box 1 through the through slot 12, and then the external trash can is placed on the top of the interception box 1, and the first motor 62 near the trash can is controlled to stop running. At this time, the other first motor 62 continues to run to tilt the storage frame 51, so that the garbage inside it is poured into the external trash can. The operation is simple, labor-saving and easy, and work efficiency is improved.

[0030] The above description is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention according to the technical scheme and the utility model concept of the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An interception device for a sewage treatment pool, comprising an interception box (1), the interior of the interception box (1) being divided into an interception area (2) and a filtration area (3), and the interception area (2) being located above one side of the filtration area (3), characterized in that: An interception mechanism for intercepting and treating bag-shaped floating objects in sewage is provided inside the interception zone (2); a first slope (9) and a second slope (10) are welded to the bottom of the filter zone (3) in sequence; a storage mechanism for storing garbage in sewage is provided at the bottom ends of the inclined surfaces of the first slope (9) and the second slope (10); the top of the storage mechanism is connected to a lifting mechanism located at the top of the interception box (1) for lifting and discharging the garbage; a filtering mechanism located in the filter zone (3) for filtering block-shaped garbage in sewage is provided on one side of the storage mechanism; and a cleaning mechanism for cleaning the surface of the filtering mechanism is provided on the side of the filtering mechanism close to the storage mechanism.

2. The interception device for a sewage treatment pool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The interception mechanism comprises a sealing cylinder (41), an interception rod (42), a cleaning plate (43) and a connecting rod (44); one side of the interception box (1) is slidably connected to the sealing cylinder (41) extending to the interception area (2); one side of the inner wall of the interception area (2) is welded with a plurality of interception rods (42) in parallel; the other ends of the interception rods (42) are slidably plugged into one side of the sealing cylinder (41); the surface of the interception rod (42) is slidably connected to the cleaning plate (43); both ends of the cleaning plate (43) close to the sealing cylinder (41) are welded with connecting rods (44); the other ends of the connecting rods (44) are welded to the side of the sealing cylinder (41).

3. The interception device for a sewage treatment pool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The storage mechanism comprises a storage frame (51) and a limiting rod (52); the bottom ends of the inclined surfaces of the first slope (9) and the second slope (10) are slidably connected to the storage frame (51) located at the bottom of the filtering area (3); a limiting groove (11) is provided on the inner wall of the interception box (1) on a side close to the storage frame (51); the inside of the limiting groove (11) is slidably connected to the limiting rod (52); the other end of the limiting rod (52) is welded to one side of the storage frame (51); the top end of the storage frame (51) is connected to a lifting mechanism located at the top of the interception box (1); and a filtering mechanism is provided on the side of the storage frame (51) away from the bottom ends of the inclined surfaces of the first slope (9) and the second slope (10).

4. The interception device for a sewage treatment pool according to claim 3, characterized in that: The storage frame (51) is shaped like a shovel and has through holes (53) formed on all four sides.

5. The interception device for a sewage treatment pool according to claim 3, characterized in that: The lifting mechanism comprises a fixing plate (61), a first motor (62), a round rod (63), a winding drum (64) and a pulling rope (65); a through slot (12) connected to the filtering area (3) and located above the storage frame (51) is provided on the top of the interception box (1); fixing plates (61) located on the top of the interception box (1) are welded on both sides of the through slot (12); a first motor (62) is installed side by side on one side of a group of the fixing plates (61) by bolts; the output of the first motor (62) The outlet ends are fixedly connected to round rods (63) via rotating shafts, the other ends of the round rods (63) penetrate the fixed plates (61) and are rotatably connected to the inside of another fixed plate (61), the surfaces of the round rods (63) are symmetrically welded with winding drums (64), the surfaces of the winding drums (64) are wound with pulling ropes (65), the top ends of the storage frames (51) are welded with rectangularly distributed fixing hooks (66), and the ends of the pulling ropes (65) away from the winding drums (64) are hung on the fixing hooks (66).

6. The interception device for a sewage treatment pool according to claim 3, characterized in that: The filtering mechanism comprises a first filter plate (71) and a second filter plate (72); a mounting plate (13) located in the filtering area (3) is welded to a side of the storage frame (51) away from the bottom end of the inclined surface of the first slope (9) and the second slope (10); the top of the mounting plate (13) is respectively and sequentially fixedly connected to the first filter plate (71) and the second filter plate (72); the top ends of the first filter plate (71) and the second filter plate (72) are both fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the interception box (1); the filtering holes of the first filter plate (71) are larger than the filtering holes of the second filter plate (72); and a cleaning mechanism is provided on a side of the first filter plate (71) and the second filter plate (72) close to the storage frame (51).

7. The interception device for a sewage treatment pool according to claim 6, characterized in that: The cleaning mechanism comprises a cleaning brush (81), a support rod (82), a threaded rod (83) and a second motor (84); a cleaning brush (81) is provided on one side of the first filter plate (71) and the second filter plate (72) close to the storage frame (51); and the brush ends of the cleaning brush (81) are in contact with the surfaces of the first filter plate (71) and the second filter plate (72); a support rod (82) and a threaded rod (83) are provided at the bottom and top of one side of the cleaning brush (81) respectively; both ends of the support rod (82) pass through the cleaning brush (81) and are welded to the inner wall of the interception box (1); one end of the threaded rod (83) passes through the cleaning brush (81) and is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the interception box (1) through a bearing seat; a second motor (84) is symmetrically mounted on one side of the interception box (1) through bolts; and the other end of the threaded rod (83) passes through the interception box (1) and is fixedly connected to the output end of the second motor (84) through a rotating shaft.

8. The interception device for a sewage treatment pool according to claim 7, characterized in that: The cleaning brush (81) is rotationally connected to the threaded rod (83) via a thread and is slidably connected to the support rod (82).