Multi-port waveguide slot antenna

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of radar antennas, in particular to a multi-port waveguide slot antenna, which comprises an antenna plate, the antenna plate comprises a radiation layer positioned on the upper layer, a middle layer positioned in the middle and a network layer positioned on the lower layer, and the antenna plate is provided with a radiation antenna unit. The radiating antenna unit comprises a long-distance receiving antenna, a short-distance receiving antenna, a short-distance transmitting antenna and a long-distance transmitting antenna; compared with the prior art, the utility model has the advantages that the model selection and design simulation of the antenna, the network design simulation and the sensitivity analysis are completed; the method comprises the following steps of: evaluating processes such as antenna material selection, structural grinding tool processing, assembling and surface treatment, reasonably layering the waveguide slot antenna, manufacturing a complex 3D model at one time in an injection molding manner, and metallizing the plastic surface by utilizing a plastic electroplating process, so as to obtain the waveguide slot antenna. And after plastic metallization, the electrical performance of the antenna is consistent with that of metal, so that the weight of the product is greatly reduced, and the machining cost is saved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of radar antennas, in particular to a waveguide slot antenna with multiple ports. Background Art

[0002] With the advent of autonomous driving technology, the original PCB antenna microstrip patch form has been unable to meet the required detection distance and accuracy due to loss and radiation efficiency issues.

[0003] Waveguide slot antennas can significantly improve radiation efficiency compared to microstrip antennas, and at the same time, since the feed network uses air waveguides, transmission loss is also reduced. To this end, the utility model proposes a multi-port waveguide slot antenna that can solve the above problems. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of the utility model is to provide a multi-port waveguide slot antenna to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the utility model provides the following technical solutions: a multi-port waveguide slot antenna, comprising an antenna board, wherein the antenna board comprises a radiation layer located at the upper layer, an intermediate layer located in the middle layer and a network layer located at the lower layer, and a radiating antenna unit is arranged on the antenna board, and the radiating antenna unit comprises a long-range receiving antenna, a short-range receiving antenna, a short-range transmitting antenna and a long-range transmitting antenna.

[0006] As a preferred technical solution of the utility model, the long-distance receiving antenna includes a long-distance receiving radiation unit arranged on the radiation layer, a long-distance receiving feeding unit arranged on the middle layer, and a long-distance receiving waveguide port arranged on the network layer.

[0007] As a preferred technical solution of the utility model, the remote receiving radiation unit includes four groups of evenly distributed remote waveguide slots, each group of the remote waveguide slots is provided with four remote waveguide slots, each of the remote waveguide slots is provided with fourteen remote radiation ports, and the remote receiving feeding unit includes four groups of evenly distributed remote ridge waveguides, each group of the remote ridge waveguides is provided with four evenly distributed remote ridge waveguides.

[0008] As a preferred technical solution of the utility model, the short-range receiving antenna includes a short-range receiving radiation unit arranged on the radiation layer, a short-range receiving feeding unit arranged on the middle layer, and a short-range receiving waveguide port arranged on the network layer.

[0009] As a preferred technical solution of the utility model, the close-range receiving radiation unit includes two close-to-waveguide slots and two close-to-second radiation ports, each of the close-to-waveguide slots is provided with four close-to-first radiation ports, and the close-to-receiving feeding unit includes two close-to-first ridge waveguides and two close-to-second ridge waveguides.

[0010] As a preferred technical solution of the utility model, the short-range transmitting antenna includes a short-range transmitting radiation unit arranged on the radiation layer, a short-range transmitting feeding unit arranged on the middle layer, and a short-range transmitting waveguide port arranged on the network layer.

[0011] As a preferred technical solution of the utility model, the close-range transmission radiation unit includes three groups of evenly distributed close-range waveguide slots, each group of the close-range waveguide slots is provided with four close-range radiation ports, and the close-range transmission feeding unit includes three groups of evenly distributed close-range ridge waveguides.

[0012] As a preferred technical solution of the utility model, the long-distance transmitting antenna includes a long-distance transmitting radiation unit arranged on the radiation layer, a long-distance transmitting feeding unit arranged on the middle layer and a long-distance transmitting waveguide port arranged on the network layer.

[0013] As a preferred technical solution of the utility model, the long-distance transmitting radiation unit includes three groups of evenly distributed long-distance waveguide slots, each group of the long-distance waveguide slots is provided with eight long-distance waveguide slots, and each of the long-distance waveguide slots is provided with fourteen long-distance radiation ports.

[0014] As a preferred technical solution of the utility model, the long-distance transmission feeding unit is provided with three groups of evenly distributed long-distance ridge waveguides, and each group of the long-distance ridge waveguides is provided with eight long-distance ridge waveguides.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model are:

[0016] The utility model discloses a multi-port waveguide slot antenna, which has been widely used in radar and communication systems due to its compact structure, large power capacity, precise control of aperture distribution, and convenience in achieving low side lobes. Using low-loss waveguide feeding, this type of antenna has been proven to have high radiation efficiency.

[0017] Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in detail in the following specific embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall explosion structure of the utility model;

[0019] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of a long-distance receiving antenna of the utility model;

[0020] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the short-range receiving antenna and the short-range transmitting antenna of the utility model;

[0021] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of a long-distance transmitting antenna of the utility model;

[0022] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the top view of the antenna board of the utility model;

[0023] Figure 6 It is a schematic structural diagram of a long-distance receiving radiation unit of the utility model;

[0024] Figure 7 For the utility model Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure enlargement at the center A;

[0025] Figure 8 It is a structural schematic diagram of the close-range receiving radiation unit of the utility model;

[0026] Fig. 9 It is a schematic structural diagram of the close-range transmitting radiation unit of the utility model;

[0027] Fig.10 It is a structural schematic diagram of the short-distance receiving and feeding unit of the utility model;

[0028] Fig.11 It is a structural schematic diagram of the short-range transmission feeding unit of the utility model;

[0029] Fig.12 It is a schematic structural diagram of a long-distance transmitting radiation unit of the utility model;

[0030] Fig.13 For the utility model Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure at D of FIG.

[0031] Fig.14 It is a bottom view structural schematic diagram of the antenna board of the utility model;

[0032] Fig.15 A simulated directional pattern of a long-range transmitting antenna of the utility model;

[0033] Fig.16 For the utility model Fig.15 An enlarged schematic diagram of the middle left part;

[0034] Fig.17 For the utility model Fig.15 An enlarged schematic diagram of the middle right part;

[0035] Fig.18 It is the test pattern of the long-distance transmitting antenna of the utility model;

[0036] Fig.19 It is a schematic diagram of the simulation direction of the long-distance receiving antenna of the utility model;

[0037] Fig. 20 For the utility model Fig.19 An enlarged schematic diagram of the middle left part;

[0038] Fig.21 For the utility model Fig.19 An enlarged schematic diagram of the middle right part;

[0039] Fig. 22 It is the test pattern of the long-distance receiving antenna of the utility model;

[0040] Fig.23 It is the simulated directional pattern of the close-range antenna of the utility model;

[0041] Fig.24 For the utility model Fig.23 An enlarged schematic diagram of the middle left part;

[0042] Fig.25 For the utility model Fig.23 An enlarged schematic diagram of the middle right part;

[0043] Fig.26 It is the close-range antenna test pattern of the utility model;

[0044] In the figure: 1. Long-distance receiving antenna; 2. Short-distance receiving antenna; 3. Short-distance transmitting antenna; 4. Long-distance transmitting antenna; 5. Positioning avoidance hole; X, antenna board; X1, radiation layer; X2, middle layer; X3, network layer; 11. Long-distance receiving radiation unit; 1101, long-distance radiation port; 1110, long-distance waveguide gap; 2110, long-distance ridge waveguide; 12. Short-distance receiving radiation unit; 1201, short-distance first radiation port; 1202, short-distance second radiation port; 1210, short-distance waveguide gap; 2220, short-distance first ridge waveguide; 2221, short-distance The second ridge waveguide; 13, short-range emitting radiation unit; 1301, short-range emitting radiation port; 1310, short-range emitting waveguide gap; 2320, short-range emitting ridge waveguide; 14, long-range emitting radiation unit; 1401, long-range emitting radiation port; 1410, long-range emitting waveguide gap; 2410, long-range ridge waveguide; 21, long-range receiving feeding unit; 22, short-range receiving feeding unit; 23, short-range transmitting feeding unit; 24, long-range transmitting feeding unit; 31, long-range receiving waveguide port; 32, short-range receiving waveguide port; 33, short-range transmitting waveguide port; 34, long-range transmitting waveguide port. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the utility model to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the utility model. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the utility model, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the utility model, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the utility model.

[0046] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "vertical", "up", "down", "horizontal", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0047] In the description of the present invention, it is also necessary to explain that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "set", "install", "connect", and "connect" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0048] See also Figure 1-26 In this embodiment, a multi-port waveguide slot antenna is provided, including an antenna board X1, the antenna board X1 includes a radiation layer X1 located at the upper layer, an intermediate layer X2 located in the middle, and a network layer X3 located at the lower layer, and a radiation antenna unit is provided on the antenna board X1, and the radiation antenna unit includes a long-range receiving antenna 1, a short-range receiving antenna 2, a short-range transmitting antenna 3, and a long-range transmitting antenna 4;

[0049] The antenna plate X1 is also provided with a positioning avoidance hole 5;

[0050] Waveguide slot antennas have been widely used in radar and communication systems due to their compact structure, high power handling, precise control of aperture distribution, and ease of achieving low side lobes. Using low-loss waveguide feed, this type of antenna has been shown to have high radiation efficiency.

[0051] The utility model adopts the design scheme of plastic metallized waveguide structure. According to the requirements of design drawings, the antenna is divided into short-range transceiver antenna and long-range transceiver antenna. The short-range transceiver antenna meets the antenna envelope design requirements and achieves higher antenna efficiency. Due to the complex layout environment, in order to ensure the antenna gain, the short-range transceiver antenna adopts two waveguide slot array element design schemes.

[0052] Among them, the long-range transceiver antenna achieves good gain effect by precisely optimizing the cone pin distribution of the slot array and the amplitude and phase excitation of the feeding network, and has better sidelobe envelope radiation pattern characteristics. Due to the complex layout environment, the long-range transceiver antenna also adopts two waveguide slot array design schemes.

[0053] In this embodiment, the long-distance transmitting antenna 4 includes a long-distance transmitting radiation unit 14 arranged on the radiation layer X1, a long-distance transmitting feeding unit 24 arranged on the middle layer X2, and a long-distance transmitting waveguide port 34 arranged on the network layer X3;

[0054] The long-distance transmitting radiation unit 14 includes three groups of evenly distributed long-distance waveguide slots 1410, each group of long-distance waveguide slots 1410 is provided with eight long-distance waveguide slots 1410, and each long-distance waveguide slot 1410 is provided with fourteen long-distance radiation ports 1401;

[0055] The long-distance transmission feeding unit 24 is provided with three groups of evenly distributed long-distance transmission ridge waveguides 2410 , and each group of long-distance transmission ridge waveguides 2410 is provided with eight long-distance transmission ridge waveguides 2410 .

[0056] Specific method: The long-range transmitting antenna adopts the waveguide slot antenna design. In order to meet the design requirements of low side lobes, the radiating port of the vertical section adopts Taylor to make amplitude and phase distribution. In order to meet the 3dB beam width index requirements and low side lobe requirements, the horizontal section adopts 8 waveguide slot antennas arranged at a period of 2.8mm, with a width of 21.1mm. The radiation layer adopts 14 radiating ports, and 8 waveguide slot antennas are arranged at a period of 2.8mm (ie XD2 or XD4), and the overall array width is 21.1mm (ie XD1 or XD3); the middle layer adopts 8 ridge waveguides for feeding, and the feeding network between the 8 units adopts ridge waveguides with unequal power division, so that the amplitude and phase distribution between the 8 radiating units is Taylor distribution, thereby achieving the low side lobe requirements.

[0057] To this end, the utility model has tested the long-distance transmitting antenna, as shown in Table 1 below and the attached manual. Figure 15-18 ;

[0058]

[0059] Table 1: Long-range transmitting antenna gain test data

[0060] In this embodiment, the long-distance receiving antenna 1 includes a long-distance receiving radiation unit 11 arranged on the radiation layer X1, a long-distance receiving feeding unit 21 arranged on the middle layer X2, and a long-distance receiving waveguide port 31 arranged on the network layer X3;

[0061] The long-distance receiving radiation unit 11 includes four groups of evenly distributed long-distance waveguide slots 1110, each group of long-distance waveguide slots 1110 is provided with four long-distance waveguide slots 1110, and each long-distance waveguide slot 1110 is provided with fourteen long-distance radiation ports 1101. The long-distance receiving feeding unit 21 includes four groups of evenly distributed long-distance ridge waveguides 2110, and each group of long-distance ridge waveguides 2110 is provided with four evenly distributed long-distance ridge waveguides 2110.

[0062] The vertical section of the long-distance receiving antenna has 14 radiating ports designed for a single antenna, with a length of 38.5mm and a width of 1.7mm. The radiating ports are arranged at a period of 2.75mm. The radiating layer uses 14 radiating ports with a length of 38.5mm (i.e. XA3 or XA1) and a width of 1.7mm. The radiating ports are arranged at a period of 2.75mm (i.e. XA2 or XA4). The middle layer uses 4 ridge waveguides for feeding. The feeding network between the 8 units uses ridge waveguides with unequal power division, so that the amplitude and phase distribution between the 4 radiating units is Taylor distribution, thereby achieving low sidelobe requirements.

[0063] To this end, the utility model has tested the long-distance transmitting antenna, as shown in Table 2 below and the appendix to the specification. Figure 19-22 ;

[0064]

[0065] Table 2: Long-distance receiving antenna gain test data

[0066] In this embodiment, the short-distance receiving antenna 2 includes a short-distance receiving radiation unit 12 arranged on the radiation layer X1, a short-distance receiving feeding unit 22 arranged on the middle layer X2, and a short-distance receiving waveguide port 32 arranged on the network layer X3;

[0067] The close-range receiving radiation unit 12 includes two close-to-waveguide slots 1210 and two close-to-second radiation ports 1202, each of which is provided with four close-to-first radiation ports 1201, and the close-to-receiving feeding unit 22 includes two close-to-first ridge waveguides 2220 and two close-to-second ridge waveguides 2221, wherein the close-to-second ridge waveguide 2221 is a curved single-ridge waveguide;

[0068] The short-range transmitting antenna 3 includes a short-range transmitting radiation unit 13 arranged on the radiation layer X1, a short-range transmitting feeding unit 23 arranged on the middle layer X2, and a short-range transmitting waveguide port 33 arranged on the network layer X3;

[0069] The close-range transmitting radiation unit 13 includes three groups of evenly distributed close-range waveguide slots 1310, each group of close-range waveguide slots 1310 is provided with four close-range radiation ports 1301, and the close-range transmitting feeding unit 23 includes three groups of evenly distributed close-range ridge waveguides 2320, and the close-range ridge waveguide 2320 is a curved single-ridge waveguide.

[0070] Specifically, the close-range transceiver antennas (close-range receiving antenna 2 and close-range transmitting antenna 3) are both designed with waveguide slot antennas. In order to meet the requirements of the close-range transceiver antenna gain and the 3dB beam width index of the vertical section, two structural design schemes are adopted to meet the different period arrangement requirements of 2.2mm, 4.4mm, 6.6mm and 15.4mm respectively. Among them, the distance between adjacent groups of close-transmitting waveguide slots 1310 is 15.4mm, the distance between a group of close-transmitting waveguide slots 1310 located on one side of the close-range receiving antenna 2 and a close second radiation port 1202 close to the side thereof is 6.6mm, the distance between the close second radiation port 1202 and a close waveguide slot 1210 close to the side thereof is 6.6mm, the distance between the two close waveguide slots 1210 is 4.4mm, and the distance between the two close second radiation ports 1202 is 2. 2mm. Similarly, in the middle layer, the distance between three adjacent groups of evenly distributed near-transmitting ridge waveguides 2320 is 15.4mm. The distance between a group of near-transmitting ridge waveguides 2320 located on the side close to the short-range receiving antenna 2 and a close second ridge waveguide 2221 close to its side is 6.6mm. The distance between the close second ridge waveguide 2221 and a close first ridge waveguide 2220 close to its side is 6.6mm. The distance between two close first ridge waveguides 2220 with a distance of 6.6mm is 4.4mm, and the distance between two close second ridge waveguides 2221 is 2.2mm. Among them, the first radiation port 1201 and the near-transmitting radiation port 1301 are both 9.6mm in length and 1.7mm in width. Adjacent radiation ports are arranged in integer multiples of a 2.2mm period. In order to meet the design requirements of low side lobes, the radiation ports are distributed in amplitude and phase using Taylor. The radiation layer uses 4 radiation ports, and the choke slots with a slot length of 9.6mm, a slot width of 1.7mm, and a slot depth of 1.3mm are used between the first units to improve the symmetry of the antenna; for the two antennas SRX3 and SRX4 closest to the close-range antenna (i.e., the two close-to-second ridge waveguides 2221 and the two close-to-second radiation ports 1202 in the close-to-receiving antenna 2), due to limited space, the second type of curved single ridge waveguide plus a single radiation port unit mode is adopted, which can improve the mutual coupling effect between antennas.

[0071] To this end, the utility model inventor tested the short-range transmitting antenna, as shown in Table 3 below and the appendix to the specification. Figure 23-26 ;

[0072]

[0073] Table 3: Close range transmitting antenna gain test data

[0074] The waveguide ports all adopt a multi-level anti-leakage design to ensure that there is no leakage between the waveguide ports and the active interfaces.

[0075] The entire transmitting antenna is implemented with 14 antenna groups. The top layer is the antenna radiation layer, the bottom layer is the reflection layer and the installation layer, and it is finally implemented by screws or SMT welding.

[0076] The utility model completes the antenna selection and design simulation, network design simulation, sensitivity analysis; antenna material selection, structural mold processing, assembly and surface treatment and other process evaluations, adopts reasonable layering for the waveguide slot antenna, and manufactures the complex 3D model in one step by injection molding, and then uses the plastic electroplating process to metalize the plastic surface. After the plastic is metallized, it can ensure that the electrical performance of the antenna is consistent with that of the metal, greatly reducing the product weight and saving the machining cost.

[0077] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A multi-port waveguide slot antenna, characterized in that: The invention comprises an antenna board (X), wherein the antenna board (X) comprises a radiation layer (X1) located at an upper layer, an intermediate layer (X2) located in the middle, and a network layer (X3) located at a lower layer. A radiation antenna unit is arranged on the antenna board (X), and the radiation antenna unit comprises a long-range receiving antenna (1), a short-range receiving antenna (2), a short-range transmitting antenna (3), and a long-range transmitting antenna (4).

2. A multi-port waveguide slot antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The long-distance receiving antenna (1) comprises a long-distance receiving radiation unit (11) arranged on a radiation layer (X1), a long-distance receiving feeding unit (21) arranged on an intermediate layer (X2), and a long-distance receiving waveguide port (31) arranged on a network layer (X3).

3. A multi-port waveguide slot antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: The remote receiving radiation unit (11) comprises four groups of evenly distributed remote waveguide slots (1110), each group of the remote waveguide slots (1110) is provided with four remote waveguide slots (1110), and each remote waveguide slot (1110) is provided with fourteen remote radiation ports (1101); the remote receiving feeding unit (21) comprises four groups of evenly distributed remote ridge waveguides (2110), and each group of the remote ridge waveguides (2110) is provided with four evenly distributed remote ridge waveguides (2110).

4. The multi-port waveguide slot antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The short-range receiving antenna (2) comprises a short-range receiving radiation unit (12) arranged on a radiation layer (X1), a short-range receiving feeding unit (22) arranged on an intermediate layer (X2), and a short-range receiving waveguide port (32) arranged on a network layer (X3).

5. A multi-port waveguide slot antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that: The close-range receiving radiation unit (12) comprises two close-to-waveguide slots (1210) and two close-to-second radiation ports (1202), each of the close-to-waveguide slots (1210) being provided with four close-to-first radiation ports (1201), and the close-to-receiving feeding unit (22) comprises two close-to-first ridge waveguides (2220) and two close-to-second ridge waveguides (2221).

6. The multi-port waveguide slot antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The short-range transmission antenna (3) comprises a short-range transmission radiation unit (13) arranged on a radiation layer (X1), a short-range transmission feeding unit (23) arranged on an intermediate layer (X2), and a short-range transmission waveguide port (33) arranged on a network layer (X3).

7. The multi-port waveguide slot antenna according to claim 6, characterized in that: The close-range transmission radiation unit (13) comprises three groups of evenly distributed close-range waveguide slots (1310), each group of the close-range waveguide slots (1310) is provided with four close-range radiation ports (1301), and the close-range transmission feeding unit (23) comprises three groups of evenly distributed close-range ridge waveguides (2320).

8. The multi-port waveguide slot antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The long-distance transmission antenna (4) comprises a long-distance transmission radiation unit (14) arranged on a radiation layer (X1), a long-distance transmission feeding unit (24) arranged on an intermediate layer (X2), and a long-distance transmission waveguide port (34) arranged on a network layer (X3).

9. The multi-port waveguide slot antenna according to claim 8, characterized in that: The long-distance transmitting radiation unit (14) comprises three groups of evenly distributed long-distance waveguide slots (1410), each group of the long-distance waveguide slots (1410) is provided with eight long-distance waveguide slots (1410), and each of the long-distance waveguide slots (1410) is provided with fourteen long-distance radiation ports (1401).

10. The multi-port waveguide slot antenna according to claim 9, characterized in that: The long-distance transmission feeding unit (24) is provided with three groups of evenly distributed long-distance transmission ridge waveguides (2410), and each group of the long-distance transmission ridge waveguides (2410) is provided with eight long-distance transmission ridge waveguides (2410).

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