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The application relates to the technical field of energy-saving electrical appliances, and discloses an air purifier dust cleaning control method and device, an air purifier and a storage medium, the method comprises the following steps: obtaining operation data of the air purifier, wherein the operation data comprises an inlet particle concentration, an outlet particle concentration, a real-time air volume corresponding to a fan gear, an effective operation duration and an inlet humidity; calculating a real-time purification efficiency and an accumulated dust flux based on the operation data; converting the accumulated dust flux into an estimated filter screen dust dry weight by using an adaptive nonlinear dust prediction model; and jointly judging the estimated filter screen dust dry weight and the decay rate of the actual purification efficiency relative to the benchmark efficiency by using double thresholds, so that the insufficient robustness caused by single parameter misjudgment is effectively avoided; and finally, a graded dust cleaning strategy is matched according to the determined dust accumulation level, which prevents the wear of the filter screen and the dust cleaning structure caused by invalid dust cleaning, ensures complete cleaning when the dust is seriously accumulated, and significantly prolongs the service life of the filter screen and reduces energy consumption.