A miniaturized aircraft lightning test fast charging device and method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of aircraft lightning test, and discloses a miniaturized aircraft lightning test fast charging device and method, the method comprising: initializing a system; obtaining a forward proportionality coefficient and a backward proportionality coefficient, and initializing a charging voltage value; starting a charging process, monitoring an actual charging voltage and an actual charging current in real time, and dynamically adjusting an increment of the actual charging voltage according to a calculation result through a control terminal; monitoring the fluctuation rate of current fluctuation during the charging process, and judging whether the current fluctuation is within an allowable range; judging whether an expected charging current value is reached; performing variable step length control on the actual charging current; recording monitoring information, and a charging and discharging device entering a standby state; voltage discharge, and realizing device discharge; and performing step S8 again until the device is completely discharged. The charging method of the invention can realize fast charging of capacitors of different lightning waveform generators of an aircraft, and the method is simple, the technical complexity is low, and the reliability is high.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of aircraft lightning test, and more specifically, to a miniaturized aircraft lightning test fast charging device and method. Background Art

[0002] In order to study the direct and indirect effects of lightning on aircraft and verify the lightning protection capability of aircraft, it is necessary to inject the current and voltage waveforms specified in the standard into the aircraft. According to the requirements of standard GB 1389A-2005, the injected waveforms include A wave, B wave, C wave, D wave and H wave of voltage and current, with the maximum current reaching 200kA, the maximum voltage reaching 200kV, and the continuous discharge time ranging from hundreds of μs to 1s. All waveforms of current, B wave and D wave of voltage are generated by the discharge of charged capacitors, and capacitor charging is very critical. Different lightning waveforms correspond to different capacitors. In principle, charging different capacitors requires a special charger, which is not a challenge for the installation space of open test equipment, but for the narrow space of mobile aircraft lightning, it is impossible to install multiple special chargers.

[0003] To improve test efficiency, the lightning waveform generator should be charged quickly and, if possible, within a dozen seconds.

[0004] The aircraft lightning test environment is harsh, and the equipment stability and reliability requirements are extremely high. The less complicated the charging method, the better. Charging methods usually include constant voltage charging and constant current charging. Constant current charging has obvious advantages. In the initial charging stage, constant current charging has little impact on the circuit. Secondly, the constant current charging speed remains unchanged, and the overall efficiency is higher than constant voltage charging, which meets the charging speed requirements of aircraft lightning tests. The control and monitoring of constant current charging is the key.

[0005] There are many control methods for constant current charging, and different methods have different charging efficiencies. Commonly used methods include servo control, PID control, etc. Servo control and PID control are characterized by high precision and high sensitivity, but they have problems such as too frequent adjustments and high control complexity, sacrificing charging efficiency or working reliability. Therefore, the commonly used control methods have obvious disadvantages in aircraft lightning tests, and other control methods with higher efficiency and reliable operation in strong electromagnetic environments need to be adopted.

[0006] The control method of constant current charging relies on the monitoring feedback of charging current. It is necessary to monitor the charging current in real time to feed back to the control system. Charging current monitoring technology is very critical. The charging current of the aircraft lightning waveform generator capacitor is usually between 0.1A and 1A, and the impact current generated by the discharge of aircraft lightning test can reach hundreds of kiloamperes. Therefore, in the same circuit, the charging current monitoring instrument must not only measure the charging current with high precision, but also withstand the impact current generated by the discharge and the strong electromagnetic environment generated during the discharge. The existing current monitoring technology is difficult to simultaneously take into account the accurate measurement of small currents and withstand large current impacts. Summary of the invention

[0007] The present invention provides a miniaturized aircraft lightning test fast charging device and method, which solve the technical problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0008] The present invention provides a miniaturized aircraft lightning test fast charging method, comprising the following steps:

[0009] Step S1: Initialize the system;

[0010] Step S2: Obtain the forward proportional coefficient and the backward proportional coefficient, set the initial value of the actual current step coefficient to 1.0, and initialize the charging voltage value;

[0011] Step S3: starting the charging process, monitoring the actual charging voltage and the actual charging current in real time, and dynamically adjusting the increment of the actual charging voltage according to the calculation result through the control terminal;

[0012] Step S4: During the charging process, monitor the fluctuation rate of the current fluctuation to determine whether the current fluctuation is within the allowable range. If so, proceed to step S5; otherwise, proceed to step S6;

[0013] Step S5: Determine whether the expected charging current value is reached, if so, proceed to step S7, otherwise proceed to step 104;

[0014] Step S6: Perform variable step length control on the actual charging current and proceed to step S4;

[0015] Step S7: Record monitoring information, and the charging and discharging device enters standby mode;

[0016] Step S8: voltage discharge, realizing device discharge;

[0017] Step S9: Perform step S8 again until the device is fully discharged.

[0018] In a preferred embodiment, step S1 includes slowly applying a relatively initial voltage value in the initial state of the transformer, initializing the capacitor voltage to zero, measuring the transformer load current, and then slowly increasing the voltage until the current reaches , and obtain the voltage value at this time, and calculate the load resistance coefficient;

[0019] The calculation formula of load resistance coefficient is as follows:

[0020]

[0021] in, represents the load resistance coefficient, Indicates the voltage value obtained, Indicates the current value corresponding to the target.

[0022] In a preferred embodiment, the method for calculating the increment of the actual charging voltage comprises the following steps:

[0023] From the start of charging, record the actual charging voltage and charging current at fixed intervals, and calculate the actual current average value;

[0024] Calculate the actual current value fluctuation rate at time point t;

[0025] The calculation formula of actual current value fluctuation rate is:

[0026]

[0027]

[0028]

[0029] in, represents the current fluctuation rate at time point t, represents the standard deviation of the current at time point t, represents the average value of the current at time point t, Indicates the number of sampling times within the set period. Indicates the current value obtained by the nth sampling within the set period, Indicates the average current value within the set period;

[0030] Construct a fitting model for the charging curve;

[0031] The calculation formula of the fitting model of the charging curve is:

[0032]

[0033] in, represents the actual charging voltage value at time t, Indicates the current value corresponding to the target, , Respectively represented as the first and second fitting parameters;

[0034] Set the actual current target value to the maximum allowable current value;

[0035] Calculate the deviation between the current target value and the actual current value;

[0036] The calculation formula for the deviation between the current target value and the actual current value is:

[0037]

[0038] in, represents the deviation between the current target value and the actual current value at the kth moment, represents the current target value at the kth moment, represents the actual current value at the kth moment;

[0039] Control quantity calculation strategy:

[0040] The calculation formula for the voltage change generated by the actual voltage under the control of the current actual current is:

[0041]

[0042]

[0043] in, It indicates the voltage change caused by the actual voltage under the control of the current actual current. represents the control gain, represents the deviation between the target current and the actual current value at the kth moment, represents the deviation between the target current and the actual current value at the k-1th moment, represents the control error, represents the forward scaling factor and the backward scaling factor;

[0044] By combining the control quantity with the initial charging state, the transformer control increment is calculated using the following formula:

[0045]

[0046] in, represents the actual charging voltage increment of the transformer at the kth moment, The voltage change produced by the actual voltage under the control of the current actual current, Indicates the actual charging voltage value of the transformer, Indicates the initial voltage value.

[0047] In a preferred embodiment, the method for determining whether the current fluctuation is within the allowable range comprises the following steps:

[0048] S41: Set the load capacitor transformer ratio and output voltage upper limit;

[0049] S42: Limit capacitor voltage fluctuations to a safe range;

[0050] The safe range expression of capacitor voltage fluctuation is:

[0051]

[0052] in, , Respectively represent the upper and lower limit fluctuation values ​​of the current, represents the coefficient of fluctuation, Indicates the initial target current value;

[0053] S43: During the charging process, the steady-state output value of the transformer is controlled so that the fluctuation of its voltage is limited to a smaller range. The variable-step charging voltage curve is controlled with the actual current as the center to reduce the disturbance frequency of the fluctuation while meeting the actual working conditions of the transformer.

[0054] In a preferred embodiment, the method for determining whether the expected charging current value is reached comprises the following steps:

[0055] S50: Calculate the output voltage of the load transformer according to the electrical parameters of the capacitor. The electrical parameters of the capacitor include the impedance of the capacitor and the capacitance of the capacitor. Set the final target capacitor voltage to At this moment, the capacitor voltage of ti reaches ;

[0056] Then we have:

[0057]

[0058] in, Indicates the load transformer output voltage, The capacitor voltage representing the final target, Represents the capacitance value of the capacitor, Indicates the charging current, represents equivalent resistance;

[0059] S51: Initialize the charging voltage of the transformer , the working voltage of the capacitor , the charging current is ;

[0060] S52: According to the equivalent circuit principle, the calculation is equivalent to connecting an equivalent resistor in series with a capacitor, and its voltage is expressed as:

[0061]

[0062] in, represents the voltage across the capacitor, Represents the capacitance value of the capacitor, Indicates the current flowing into the capacitor;

[0063] S53: Control the transformer to output an initial voltage. Since the actual capacitor capacity will not reach the specified voltage value immediately, a resistor RL is connected in series with the capacitor.

[0064] When the capacitor is loaded, the resistor The calculation formula for the energy lost in one control cycle of the transformer is:

[0065]

[0066] in, represents the energy loss, represents the current when the capacitor is charging, represents the equivalent resistance, Indicates the time interval of the control cycle;

[0067] S54: The formula for calculating the energy added during one control cycle when the capacitor is charged with a constant current is:

[0068]

[0069] in, Indicates the increased energy value, Indicates the new voltage, Indicates the old voltage, Indicates the capacitance value of the capacitor;

[0070] S55: Adjust the value of the equivalent resistance RL to satisfy the relationship between the actual equivalent circuit and the increased energy, so that each increased energy is close to ;

[0071] S56: Adjust the transformer control increment so that after each control cycle, the voltage reached by the capacitor is close to ,Right now:

[0072]

[0073] in, Indicates the voltage difference that needs to be adjusted. represents the target voltage, Indicates the current capacitor voltage;

[0074] S57: Recorded in time The capacitor voltage at this time is compared to see whether it is close to the maximum charging voltage expected by the capacitor. If yes, stop charging and proceed to step S7; if no, return to step S54.

[0075] A miniaturized aircraft lightning test fast charging method further includes the following steps:

[0076] Step 301, obtaining charging data, device data, and environmental data of the historical charging device output during the aircraft lightning test, wherein the charging data includes charging voltage, charging current, capacitor voltage, charging time, charging voltage increment rate, device data includes charging device temperature and capacitor equivalent series resistance, and the environmental data of the historical charging device includes ambient temperature and ambient humidity of the charging area;

[0077] Step 302, generating charging features from charging data output by historical charging devices, generating device features from device data of historical charging devices, encoding historical test environment data into environment features, combining charging features, device features and environment features to form combined features, inputting the combined features into a charging adjustment strategy network, and the charging adjustment strategy network outputs a charging adjustment strategy network, wherein the charging adjustment strategy includes changing the size of the charging voltage increment;

[0078] Step 303, the charging adjustment strategy network includes a hidden layer and an output layer, wherein the combined features are input to the hidden layer, and then the hidden features are output; the hidden features are input to the output layer, and the output layer outputs the Q value of each optional charging adjustment strategy, and the charging adjustment strategy with the largest Q value is selected as the output of the charging adjustment strategy network;

[0079] Step 304 , executing step S3 according to the charging adjustment strategy output in step 303 .

[0080] In a preferred embodiment, the calculation formula of the hidden layer is:

[0081]

[0082] in, represents hidden features, represents the combined features, represents the weight matrix of the hidden layer, represents the bias term of the hidden layer, Represents the Sigmoid function;

[0083] The calculation formula of the output layer is:

[0084]

[0085] in, represents the Q value of the corresponding charging adjustment strategy, represents the weight matrix of the output layer, represents hidden features, Represents the bias term of the output layer;

[0086] The calculation formula for selecting the charging adjustment strategy with the largest Q value as the final output is:

[0087]

[0088] in, Indicates the charging adjustment strategy with the largest Q value, represents the maximum value function, Represents the Q value of each optional charging adjustment strategy under a given combination feature X.

[0089] In a preferred embodiment, the states in the charging adjustment strategy network include charging characteristics, device characteristics, and environmental characteristics;

[0090] Actions in the charging adjustment strategy network include changing the size of the charging voltage increment;

[0091] The reward function is calculated as:

[0092]

[0093] in, Indicates the reward value obtained by calculation, It indicates the positive reward given when the current fluctuation is within the allowable range and the charging time does not exceed the target time. It indicates the negative reward given when the current fluctuation exceeds the allowed range or the charging time exceeds the target time. It indicates the punitive negative reward given when the current exceeds the allowable range or the temperature exceeds the safe value. represents the current fluctuation rate, Indicates the allowable current fluctuation range, Indicates the actual charging time. Indicates the target charging time, Indicates the maximum allowable current value, Indicates the upper safe temperature limit.

[0094] A miniaturized aircraft lightning test fast charging device, comprising the following modules:

[0095] System initialization module, used to initialize the system;

[0096] A data acquisition module, used for obtaining a forward proportional coefficient and a backward proportional coefficient;

[0097] A charging control module is used to monitor the actual charging voltage and the actual charging current in real time, and dynamically adjust the increment of the actual charging voltage according to the calculation results;

[0098] The current fluctuation monitoring module is used to monitor the current fluctuation during the charging process and determine whether the current fluctuation is within the allowable range;

[0099] A current reaching standard judgment module is used to judge whether the charging current reaches the expected value;

[0100] A variable step control module is used to perform variable step control on the actual charging current to reduce current fluctuations;

[0101] A data recording module is used to record monitoring information and put the charging and discharging equipment into a standby state;

[0102] The voltage discharge module is used to discharge the device.

[0103] In a preferred embodiment, a storage medium stores non-transitory computer-readable instructions, wherein when the non-transitory computer-readable instructions are executed by a computer, the steps in the above-mentioned method for rapid charging of a miniaturized aircraft lightning test can be executed.

[0104] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0105] 1. The charging method of the present invention can realize the rapid charging of the capacitors of different lightning waveform generators of the aircraft, and the method is simple, the technical complexity is low, and the reliability is high;

[0106] 2. The charging method of the present invention can quickly charge the test equipment in a strong electromagnetic environment, and has good scalability and operability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0107] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of charging voltage variation of the aircraft lightning waveform generator of the present invention during constant current charging.

[0108] Figure 2 The present invention is a schematic diagram of the principle of a constant current charging circuit of an aircraft lightning waveform generator.

[0109] Figure 3 The invention discloses a constant current charging control logic diagram of an aircraft lightning waveform generator.

[0110] Figure 4 This is the first flow chart of the aircraft lightning test rapid charging method of the present invention.

[0111] Figure 5 This is the second flow chart of the aircraft lightning test rapid charging method of the present invention.

[0112] Figure 6 It is a module diagram of the aircraft lightning test fast charging device of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0113] The subject matter described herein will now be discussed with reference to example embodiments. It should be understood that the discussion of these embodiments is only to enable those skilled in the art to better understand and implement the subject matter described herein, and the functions and arrangements of the elements discussed may be changed without departing from the scope of protection of the contents of this specification. Each example may omit, replace or add various processes or components as needed. In addition, the features described relative to some examples may also be combined in other examples.

[0114] like Figure 1 As shown, a miniaturized aircraft lightning test fast charging method comprises the following steps:

[0115] Step S1: Initialize the system;

[0116] It should be noted that, in the initial state of the transformer, an initial small voltage value U0 is applied, the transformer load current IL is measured, and then the voltage U0 is slowly increased to I0, and the voltage value UI at this time is obtained, the load resistance coefficient is calculated, and the voltage value UI and current value I0 at this time are transmitted to the industrial computer, the forward proportional coefficient A1 is calculated, and the charging voltage value is initialized.

[0117] Step S2: Obtain the forward proportional coefficient and the backward proportional coefficient, set the initial value of the actual current step coefficient to 1.0, and initialize the charging voltage value;

[0118] It should be noted that the initial value of the actual current step coefficient is set to 1.0, and the charging voltage value is initialized;

[0119] The method for obtaining the forward scaling coefficient A1 and the backward scaling coefficient B is:

[0120] Apply initial voltage U0 in the initial state of the transformer and measure the load current IL;

[0121] Gradually increase the voltage U0 to the target current I0, and record the voltage value UI at this time;

[0122] Calculate the load resistance coefficient;

[0123] Calculate the forward proportionality coefficient A1 using the industrial computer and the load resistance coefficient;

[0124] The backward proportional coefficient B is determined by system feedback characteristics and experimental adjustment.

[0125] Step S3: starting the charging process, monitoring the actual charging voltage and the actual charging current, and controlling the increment of the actual charging voltage according to calculation through the control terminal;

[0126] Step S4: During the charging process, monitor the fluctuation rate of the current fluctuation to determine whether the current fluctuation is within the allowable range. If so, proceed to step S5; otherwise, proceed to step S6;

[0127] Step S5: Determine whether the expected charging current value is reached, if so, proceed to step S7, otherwise proceed to step S4;

[0128] Step S6: Perform variable step length control on the actual charging current and proceed to step S4;

[0129] Step S7: Record monitoring information, and the charging and discharging device enters standby mode;

[0130] Step S8: voltage discharge, realizing device discharge;

[0131] Step S9: Perform step S8 again until the device is fully discharged.

[0132] In one embodiment of the present invention, step S1 specifically comprises the following steps:

[0133] (1) In the initial state of the transformer, slowly apply a relatively initial voltage value to initialize the capacitor voltage to zero, measure the transformer load current, and then slowly increase the voltage until the current reaches , and obtain the voltage value at this time, and calculate the load resistance coefficient;

[0134] The calculation formula of load resistance coefficient is as follows:

[0135]

[0136] in, represents the load resistance coefficient, Indicates the voltage value obtained, Indicates the current value corresponding to the target;

[0137] The load resistance coefficient at this time is transmitted to the industrial computer, which calculates the forward proportional coefficient A1;

[0138] (2) The specific steps of step S3 are:

[0139] (2.1) Starting from the start of charging, record the actual charging voltage and charging current values ​​every certain period of time (e.g. 10 seconds), and finally calculate the actual current average value;

[0140] (2.2) Calculate the fluctuation rate of the actual current value at time point t;

[0141] The calculation formula of actual current value fluctuation rate is:

[0142]

[0143]

[0144]

[0145] in, represents the current fluctuation rate at time point t, represents the standard deviation of the current at time point t, represents the average value of the current at time point t, Indicates the number of sampling times within the set period. Indicates the current value obtained by the nth sampling within the set period, Indicates the average current value within the set period;

[0146] (2.3) Construct a fitting model for the charging curve;

[0147] The calculation formula of the fitting model of the charging curve is:

[0148]

[0149] in, represents the actual charging voltage value at time t, Indicates the current value corresponding to the target, , They are respectively expressed as the first and second fitting parameters, which can be obtained through testing and statistical calculation;

[0150] It should be noted that, by using the above fitting model, the expected voltage value can be calculated based on the current current value, and the actual charging voltage increment can be adjusted accordingly, thereby achieving precise control of the charging process;

[0151] (2.4) Set the actual current target value as the maximum allowable current value;

[0152] (2.5) Calculate the deviation between the current target value and the actual current value;

[0153] The calculation formula for the deviation between the current target value and the actual current value is:

[0154]

[0155] in, represents the deviation between the current target value and the actual current value at the kth moment, represents the current target value at the kth moment, represents the actual current value at the kth moment;

[0156] (2.6) Control quantity calculation strategy:

[0157] The calculation formula for the voltage change generated by the actual voltage under the control of the current actual current is:

[0158]

[0159]

[0160] in, It indicates the voltage change caused by the actual voltage under the control of the current actual current. represents the control gain, represents the deviation between the target current and the actual current value at the kth moment, represents the deviation between the target current and the actual current value at the k-1th moment, Represents the control error, which is used to adjust the control amount to reduce the fluctuation of the charging voltage. represents the forward scaling factor and the backward scaling factor;

[0161] When the actual charging current changes instantaneously, the controller has an additional adaptive term. By comparing the actual current waveform curve and the control curve in real time, the deviation is always kept within an allowable range. When the absolute value of the deviation is greater than the absolute value of the deviation at this time, it is considered that the disturbance is serious. At this time, the control gain is reduced to prevent the control amount from increasing too much and exceeding the range.

[0162] By combining the control quantity with the initial charging state, the transformer control increment is calculated using the following formula:

[0163]

[0164] in, represents the actual charging voltage increment of the transformer at the kth moment, The voltage change produced by the actual voltage under the control of the current actual current, Indicates the actual charging voltage value of the transformer, Indicates the initial voltage value;

[0165] When the transformer is in different steady states, the current followed by the actual current value will also fluctuate. At this time, an adaptive correction strategy that changes with the current is added, that is, the actual charging current is controlled by adding a proportional coefficient related to the actual current value.

[0166] In one embodiment of the present invention, step S4: according to the calculation method in step S2, the actual charging current will change with the change of the charging voltage. In the case where the actual charging current fluctuates severely, the current actual current and the constant current value will fluctuate significantly. If the fluctuation value exceeds the set value, adjustment is required.

[0167] The specific steps of step S4 are:

[0168] S41: Set the load capacitor transformer ratio and output voltage upper limit;

[0169] S42: Limit capacitor voltage fluctuations to a safe range;

[0170] The safe range expression of capacitor voltage fluctuation is:

[0171]

[0172] in, , Respectively represent the upper and lower limit fluctuation values ​​of the current, represents the coefficient of fluctuation, Indicates the initial target current value;

[0173] S43: During the charging process, the steady-state output value of the transformer is controlled so that the fluctuation of its voltage is limited to a smaller range. The variable-step charging voltage curve is controlled to reduce the disturbance frequency of the fluctuation while meeting the actual working conditions of the transformer, with the actual current as the center.

[0174] In one embodiment of the present invention, the specific steps of step S5 include:

[0175] S50: Calculate the output voltage of the load transformer according to the electrical parameters of the capacitor. The electrical parameters of the capacitor include the impedance of the capacitor and the capacitance of the capacitor. Set the final target capacitor voltage to At this moment, the capacitor voltage of ti reaches ;

[0176] Then we have:

[0177]

[0178] in, Indicates the load transformer output voltage, The capacitor voltage representing the final target, Represents the capacitance value of the capacitor, Indicates the charging current, represents equivalent resistance;

[0179] S51: Initialize the charging voltage of the transformer , the working voltage of the capacitor , the charging current is ;

[0180] S52: According to the equivalent circuit principle, the calculation is equivalent to connecting an equivalent resistor in series with a capacitor, and its voltage can be expressed as:

[0181]

[0182] in, represents the voltage across the capacitor, Represents the capacitance value of the capacitor, Indicates the current flowing into the capacitor;

[0183] S53: Control the transformer to output an initial voltage. Since the actual capacitor capacity will not reach the specified voltage value immediately, a resistor RL is connected in series with the capacitor.

[0184] When the capacitor is loaded, the resistor In a short time The energy loss formula within (one control cycle of the transformer) is as follows:

[0185]

[0186] in, represents the energy loss, represents the current when the capacitor is charging, represents the equivalent resistance, Indicates a time interval;

[0187] S54: Calculate the value of a capacitor when it is charged with a constant current Energy added during the time period:

[0188]

[0189] in, Indicates the increased energy value, Indicates the new voltage, Indicates the old voltage, Indicates the capacitance value of the capacitor;

[0190] S55: Adjust the value of the equivalent resistance RL to satisfy the relationship between the actual equivalent circuit and the increased energy, so that each increased energy is close to ;

[0191] S56: Adjust the transformer control increment so that each time it increases by one After a certain period of time, the capacitor reaches a voltage close to ,Right now:

[0192]

[0193] in, Indicates the voltage difference that needs to be adjusted. represents the target voltage, Indicates the current capacitor voltage;

[0194] S57: Recorded in time The capacitor voltage at this time is compared to see whether it is close to the maximum charging voltage expected by the capacitor. If yes, stop charging and proceed to step S7; if no, return to step S54.

[0195] Through the above steps, the capacitor charging process can be accurately controlled to ensure that the capacitor voltage stably approaches the target voltage. , while reducing energy loss during the charging process, and being able to adjust the charging strategy in time to cope with changes in actual capacitor parameters.

[0196] The current fast control method of step S6 is to fix the transformer charging voltage and increase the charging voltage step coefficient To achieve this, the voltage step length calculation formula is as follows:

[0197]

[0198] in, Indicates the increment of the actual charging voltage of the transformer, Indicates the control quantity, represents the charging voltage step coefficient, Indicates the actual charging voltage value. Indicates the maximum allowable charging current in steady state

[0199] Determining capacitor voltage Whether the voltage exceeds the allowable voltage of the capacitor , and its calculation formula is:

[0200]

[0201] in, represents the voltage of the capacitor, Indicates the maximum allowable charging current in a steady state, represents the calibration voltage of the capacitor, Indicates the initial voltage value;

[0202] This formula ensures that the voltage of the capacitor will not exceed its maximum allowable voltage. , thus ensuring the safety of the capacitor;

[0203] In one embodiment of the present invention, a reinforcement learning method is used to obtain the optimal charging adjustment strategy, such as Figure 4 As shown, a miniaturized aircraft lightning test fast charging method comprises the following steps:

[0204] Step 301, obtaining charging data, device data, and environmental data of the historical charging device output during the aircraft lightning test, wherein the charging data includes charging voltage, charging current, capacitor voltage, charging time, charging voltage increment rate, device data includes charging device temperature and capacitor equivalent series resistance, and the environmental data of the historical charging device includes ambient temperature and ambient humidity of the charging area;

[0205] Step 302, generating charging features from charging data output by historical charging devices, generating device features from device data of historical charging devices, encoding historical test environment data into environment features, combining charging features, device features and environment features to form combined features, inputting the combined features into a charging adjustment strategy network, and the charging adjustment strategy network outputs a charging adjustment strategy network, wherein the charging adjustment strategy includes changing the size of the charging voltage increment;

[0206] Charging features include:

[0207] Charging voltage : Record the voltage value at different time points during the charging process;

[0208] Charging Current : Record the current value at different time points during the charging process;

[0209] Capacitor voltage : Record the voltage value across the capacitor;

[0210] Charging time : The length of time from the start of charging to the current time;

[0211] Charging voltage increment rate : The rate of change of charging voltage increment per unit time;

[0212] Device features include:

[0213] Charging equipment temperature : The temperature of the charging equipment (such as transformer);

[0214] Capacitor Equivalent Series Resistance : Equivalent to a resistance value in series with a capacitor, reflecting the internal loss of the capacitor;

[0215] Environmental characteristics include:

[0216] Ambient temperature : Ambient temperature of the charging area;

[0217] Ambient humidity : Ambient humidity of the charging area;

[0218] Combine the above features into a combined feature in vector form:

[0219]

[0220] in, represents the combined features, Indicates the charging voltage, Indicates the charging current, represents the capacitor voltage, Indicates charging time. Indicates the incremental rate of change of charging voltage, Indicates the temperature of the charging device. represents the equivalent series resistance of the capacitor, Indicates the ambient temperature, Indicates ambient humidity;

[0221] Step 303, the charging adjustment strategy network includes a hidden layer and an output layer, wherein the combined features are input to the hidden layer, and then the hidden features are output; the hidden features are input to the output layer, and the output layer outputs the Q value of each optional charging adjustment strategy, and the charging adjustment strategy with the largest Q value is selected as the output of the charging adjustment strategy network;

[0222] The calculation formula for the hidden layer is:

[0223]

[0224] in, represents hidden features, represents the combined features, represents the weight matrix of the hidden layer, represents the bias term of the hidden layer, Represents the Sigmoid function;

[0225] The calculation formula of the output layer is:

[0226]

[0227] in, represents the Q value of the corresponding charging adjustment strategy, represents the weight matrix of the output layer, represents hidden features, Represents the bias term of the output layer;

[0228] The calculation formula for selecting the charging adjustment strategy with the largest Q value as the final output is:

[0229]

[0230] in, Indicates the charging adjustment strategy with the largest Q value, represents the maximum value function, represents the Q value of each optional charging adjustment strategy under a given combination feature X;

[0231] Step 304 , executing step S3 according to the charging adjustment strategy output in step 303 .

[0232] It should be noted that, after the optimal charging adjustment strategy is obtained, the size of the change in the charging voltage increment included in the charging adjustment strategy is input into the control terminal, and the automatic control of the entire charging process is realized according to the charging adjustment strategy.

[0233] The status includes charging characteristics, device characteristics, and environmental characteristics;

[0234] defining an action space, the action space including changing the size of the charging voltage increment;

[0235] The reward function is calculated as:

[0236] ;

[0237] in, Indicates the reward value obtained by calculation, It indicates the positive reward given when the current fluctuation is within the allowable range and the charging time does not exceed the target time. It indicates the negative reward given when the current fluctuation exceeds the allowed range or the charging time exceeds the target time. It indicates the punitive negative reward given when the current exceeds the allowable range or the temperature exceeds the safe value. represents the current fluctuation rate, Indicates the allowable current fluctuation range, Indicates the actual charging time. Indicates the target charging time, Indicates the maximum allowable current value, Indicates the upper safe temperature limit.

[0238] The purpose of this reward design is to ensure stable current fluctuations during charging, accelerate the target current, avoid excessive charging time and ensure charging safety;

[0239] The training method of the charging adjustment strategy network includes the following steps:

[0240] Step 1: Randomly initialize the charging adjustment strategy network. Network, whose parameters are the same as those of the charging adjustment strategy network;

[0241] Step 2: Choose an initial state ;

[0242] Step 3: At each time step t, select an action , perform the action , get the next state , Instant Rewards and whether the termination condition done is triggered, the termination condition is that the charging device no longer charges the test device;

[0243] Experience Deposit into the experience pool, one experience is a four-tuple or ;

[0244] Step 4: Update the calculation formula of Q value:

[0245]

[0246] in, Indicates status Down The network's maximum output; represents the learning rate;

[0247] according to and Calculate the loss and use the gradient descent method to update the charging adjustment strategy network;

[0248]

[0249] Indicates status and actions The output Q value of the next protection strategy model;

[0250] is the discount factor, which is a value between 0 and 1, used to balance the weights of immediate rewards and future rewards. The default value is 0.6;

[0251] Step 5: Update every fixed number of network updates. network, making its parameters the same as those of the current charging adjustment strategy network;

[0252] Step 6, until After the network converges or the number of updates reaches the set value, the step is terminated.

[0253] A miniaturized aircraft lightning test fast charging device, comprising the following modules:

[0254] System initialization module, used to initialize the system;

[0255] A data acquisition module, used for obtaining a forward proportional coefficient and a backward proportional coefficient;

[0256] A charging control module is used to monitor the actual charging voltage and the actual charging current in real time, and dynamically adjust the increment of the actual charging voltage according to the calculation results;

[0257] The current fluctuation monitoring module is used to monitor the current fluctuation during the charging process and determine whether the current fluctuation is within the allowable range;

[0258] A current reaching standard judgment module is used to judge whether the charging current reaches the expected value;

[0259] A variable step control module is used to perform variable step control on the actual charging current to reduce current fluctuations;

[0260] A data recording module is used to record monitoring information and put the charging and discharging equipment into a standby state;

[0261] The voltage discharge module is used to discharge the device.

[0262] A storage medium storing non-transitory computer-readable instructions, characterized in that when the non-transitory computer-readable instructions are executed by a computer, the steps in the above-mentioned miniaturized aircraft lightning test fast charging method can be executed.

[0263] The above describes an embodiment of the present embodiment, but the present embodiment is not limited to the above-mentioned specific implementation methods. The above-mentioned specific implementation methods are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Under the guidance of the present embodiment, ordinary technicians in this field can also make many forms, all of which are within the protection of the present embodiment.

Claims

1. A miniaturized aircraft lightning test fast charging method, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step S1: Initialize the system; Step S2: Obtain the forward proportional coefficient and the backward proportional coefficient, set the initial value of the actual current step coefficient to 1.0, and initialize the charging voltage value; Step S3: starting the charging process, monitoring the actual charging voltage and the actual charging current in real time, and dynamically adjusting the increment of the actual charging voltage according to the calculation result through the control terminal; Step S4: During the charging process, monitor the fluctuation rate of the current fluctuation to determine whether the current fluctuation is within the allowable range. If so, proceed to step S5; otherwise, proceed to step S6; Step S5: Determine whether the expected charging current value is reached, if so, proceed to step S7, otherwise proceed to step S4; Step S6: Perform variable step length control on the actual charging current and proceed to step S4; Step S7: Record monitoring information, and the charging and discharging device enters standby mode; Step S8: voltage discharge, realizing device discharge; Step S9: perform step S8 again until the device is fully discharged; The method for determining whether the expected charging current value is reached comprises the following steps: S50: Calculate the output voltage of the load transformer according to the electrical parameters of the capacitor. The electrical parameters of the capacitor include the impedance of the capacitor and the capacitance of the capacitor. Set the final target capacitor voltage to At this moment, the capacitor voltage of ti reaches ; Then we have: ； in, Indicates the load transformer output voltage, The capacitor voltage representing the final target, Indicates the capacitance value of the capacitor, Indicates the charging current, represents equivalent resistance; S51: Initialize the charging voltage of the transformer , the working voltage of the capacitor , the charging current is ; S52: According to the equivalent circuit principle, the calculation is equivalent to connecting an equivalent resistor in series with a capacitor, and its voltage is expressed as: ； in, represents the voltage across the capacitor, Indicates the capacitance value of the capacitor, Indicates the current flowing into the capacitor; S53: Control the transformer to output an initial voltage. Since the actual capacitor capacity will not reach the specified voltage value immediately, a resistor RL is connected in series with the capacitor. When the capacitor is loaded, the resistor The calculation formula for the energy lost in one control cycle of the transformer is: ； in, represents the energy loss, represents the current when the capacitor is charging, represents the equivalent resistance, Indicates the time interval of the control cycle; S54: The formula for calculating the energy added during one control cycle when the capacitor is charged with a constant current is: ； in, Indicates the increased energy value, Indicates the new voltage, Indicates the old voltage, Indicates the capacitance value of the capacitor; S55: Adjust the value of the equivalent resistance RL to satisfy the relationship between the actual equivalent circuit and the increased energy, so that each increased energy is close to ; S56: Adjust the transformer control increment so that after each control cycle, the voltage reached by the capacitor is close to ,Right now: ； in, Indicates the voltage difference that needs to be adjusted. represents the target voltage, Indicates the current capacitor voltage; S57: Recorded in time The capacitor voltage at this time is compared to see whether it is close to the maximum charging voltage expected by the capacitor. If yes, stop charging and go to step S7; if no, return to step S54; The following steps are also included: Step 301, obtaining charging data, device data, and environmental data of the historical charging device output during the aircraft lightning test, wherein the charging data includes charging voltage, charging current, capacitor voltage, charging time, charging voltage increment rate, device data includes charging device temperature and capacitor equivalent series resistance, and the environmental data of the historical charging device includes ambient temperature and ambient humidity of the charging area; Step 302, generating charging features from charging data output by historical charging devices, generating device features from device data of historical charging devices, encoding historical test environment data into environment features, combining charging features, device features and environment features to form combined features, inputting the combined features into a charging adjustment strategy network, and the charging adjustment strategy network outputs a charging adjustment strategy network, wherein the charging adjustment strategy includes changing the size of the charging voltage increment; Step 303, the charging adjustment strategy network includes a hidden layer and an output layer, wherein the combined features are input to the hidden layer, and then the hidden features are output; the hidden features are input to the output layer, and the output layer outputs the Q value of each optional charging adjustment strategy, and the charging adjustment strategy with the largest Q value is selected as the output of the charging adjustment strategy network; Step 304 , executing step S3 according to the charging adjustment strategy output in step 303 .

2. A miniaturized aircraft lightning test fast charging method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step S1 includes slowly applying a relatively initial voltage value in the initial state of the transformer, initializing the capacitor voltage to zero, measuring the transformer load current, and then slowly increasing the voltage until the current reaches , and obtain the voltage value at this time, and calculate the load resistance coefficient; The calculation formula of load resistance coefficient is as follows: ； in, represents the load resistance coefficient, Indicates the voltage value obtained, Indicates the current value corresponding to the target.

3. A miniaturized aircraft lightning test fast charging method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The method for calculating the increment of the actual charging voltage comprises the following steps: From the start of charging, record the actual charging voltage and charging current at fixed intervals, and calculate the actual current average value; Calculate the actual current value fluctuation rate at time point t; The calculation formula of actual current value fluctuation rate is: ； ； ； in, represents the current fluctuation rate at time point t, represents the standard deviation of the current at time point t, represents the average value of the current at time point t, Indicates the number of sampling times within the set period. Indicates the current value obtained by the nth sampling within the set period, Indicates the average current value within the set period; Construct a fitting model for the charging curve; The calculation formula of the fitting model of the charging curve is: ； in, represents the actual charging voltage value at time t, Indicates the current value corresponding to the target, , Respectively represented as the first and second fitting parameters; Set the actual current target value to the maximum allowable current value; Calculate the deviation between the current target value and the actual current value; The calculation formula for the deviation between the current target value and the actual current value is: ； in, represents the deviation between the current target value and the actual current value at the kth moment, represents the current target value at the kth moment, represents the actual current value at the kth moment; Control quantity calculation strategy: The calculation formula for the voltage change generated by the actual voltage under the control of the current actual current is: ； ； in, It indicates the voltage change caused by the actual voltage under the control of the current actual current. represents the control gain, represents the deviation between the target current and the actual current value at the kth moment, represents the deviation between the target current and the actual current value at the k-1th moment, represents the control error, represents the forward scaling factor and the backward scaling factor; By combining the control quantity with the initial charging state, the transformer control increment is calculated using the following formula: ； in, represents the actual charging voltage increment of the transformer at the kth moment, The voltage change produced by the actual voltage under the control of the current actual current, Indicates the actual charging voltage value of the transformer, Indicates the initial voltage value.

4. A miniaturized aircraft lightning test fast charging method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The method for determining whether the current fluctuation is within the allowable range comprises the following steps: S41: Set the load capacitor transformer ratio and output voltage upper limit; S42: Limit capacitor voltage fluctuations to a safe range; The safe range expression of capacitor voltage fluctuation is: ； in, , Respectively represent the upper and lower limit fluctuation values ​​of the current, represents the coefficient of fluctuation, Indicates the initial target current value; S43: During the charging process, the steady-state output value of the transformer is controlled so that the fluctuation of its voltage is limited to a safe range. With the actual current as the center, the variable-step charging voltage curve is controlled to reduce the disturbance frequency of the fluctuation while meeting the actual working conditions of the transformer.

5. A miniaturized aircraft lightning test fast charging method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The calculation formula for the hidden layer is: ； in, represents hidden features, represents the combined features, represents the weight matrix of the hidden layer, represents the bias term of the hidden layer, Represents the Sigmoid function; The calculation formula of the output layer is: ； in, represents the Q value of the corresponding charging adjustment strategy, represents the weight matrix of the output layer, represents hidden features, Represents the bias term of the output layer; The calculation formula for selecting the charging adjustment strategy with the largest Q value as the final output is: ； in, Indicates the charging adjustment strategy with the largest Q value, represents the maximum value function, Represents the Q value of each optional charging adjustment strategy under a given combination feature X.

6. A miniaturized aircraft lightning test rapid charging method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The states in the charging adjustment strategy network include charging characteristics, device characteristics, and environmental characteristics; Actions in the charging adjustment strategy network include changing the size of the charging voltage increment; The reward function is calculated as: ； in, Indicates the reward value obtained by calculation, It indicates the positive reward given when the current fluctuation is within the allowable range and the charging time does not exceed the target time. It indicates the negative reward given when the current fluctuation exceeds the allowed range or the charging time exceeds the target time. It indicates the punitive negative reward given when the current exceeds the allowable range or the temperature exceeds the safe value. represents the current fluctuation rate, Indicates the allowable current fluctuation range, Indicates the actual charging time. Indicates the target charging time, Indicates the maximum allowable current value, Indicates the upper safe temperature limit.

7. A miniaturized aircraft lightning test fast charging device for executing a miniaturized aircraft lightning test fast charging method as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: Includes the following modules: System initialization module, used to initialize the system; A data acquisition module, used for obtaining a forward proportional coefficient and a backward proportional coefficient; A charging control module is used to monitor the actual charging voltage and the actual charging current in real time, and dynamically adjust the increment of the actual charging voltage according to the calculation results; The current fluctuation monitoring module is used to monitor the current fluctuation during the charging process and determine whether the current fluctuation is within the allowable range; A current reaching standard judgment module is used to judge whether the charging current reaches the expected value; A variable step control module is used to perform variable step control on the actual charging current to reduce current fluctuations; A data recording module is used to record monitoring information and put the charging and discharging equipment into a standby state; The voltage discharge module is used to discharge the device.

8. A storage medium storing non-transitory computer-readable instructions, characterized in that: When the non-transitory computer-readable instructions are executed by a computer, the steps in the fast charging method for a miniaturized aircraft lightning test as claimed in claim 6 can be executed.

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