Method for all-resource step-by-step classified recovery of recyclable components of waste lithium battery

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of comprehensive recycling of secondary resources, and particularly relates to a method for recycling recyclable components of waste lithium batteries in a step-by-step and classified manner. The method comprises the following steps: carrying out charged crushing on the waste lithium battery in an inert atmosphere, treating the crushed material to obtain a solid I and an electrolyte, and treating the solid I in a solvent B to obtain a solid II and a negative electrode binder. Treating the solid II to obtain a solid III, negative electrode graphite powder and a lithium-containing compound; treating the solid III to obtain a solid IV and a positive electrode binder; treating the solid IV to obtain a solid V, anode graphite powder and a cobalt, manganese, nickel or lithium-containing compound; and further treating the solid V to obtain a diaphragm, a copper sheet, an aluminum sheet and a plastic shell. All-resource recovery of the lithium batteries is achieved through step-by-step classification, conditions of the method are mild, operation is easy to achieve, the process is simple, complex equipment is not needed, no toxic gas is generated in the whole process, the used solvent can be recycled, and the method is environmentally friendly and high in resource utilization rate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of comprehensive recycling of secondary resources, and in particular relates to a method for step-by-step classification and recycling of all recyclable components of waste lithium batteries. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, lithium batteries have been widely developed and applied to reduce the use of traditional petrochemical energy (patent CN117660761A), but due to the country's demand for environmentally friendly energy and the requirements of green and low-carbon development, lithium batteries have been widely developed and applied to reduce the use of traditional petrochemical energy (patent CN 117660761A), but the life of lithium batteries generally does not exceed eight years (patent CN 114737060 B). While electric vehicles began to use power lithium batteries in large quantities, the number of waste lithium batteries has also increased, and the resulting environmental protection and resource waste problems have become increasingly prominent (patent CN117458027 A) (New Energy Vehicles, 2019, 02, 27-30). How to solve the problem of comprehensive recycling of power lithium batteries after retirement has become a difficult problem that needs to be solved urgently in the energy storage industry.

[0003] There are many methods for processing lithium batteries at present. The method usually used from lithium battery crushing to the enrichment of crude recovery products is a combination of wet method (organic or inorganic acid extraction) and dry method (high temperature calcination) (patent CN 117658234 A). Although some related studies on lithium battery recycling describe the method used to successfully separate and recycle waste lithium batteries using a full wet method, the research refers more to the recycling of a specific part and structure of the battery. From the perspective of processing the lithium battery as a whole, the recycling process still uses the high temperature calcination method (patent CN 117650302 A). Specifically, mechanical crushing, calcination and physical sorting are usually used in the battery connection and support structure separation stage to achieve the enrichment and classification of metal materials in the positive and negative electrode materials of the battery (patent CN 117658180 A) (Journal of Chongqing University, 2021, 44 (10), 75-86), but this traditional operation method has the following disadvantages: 1. The electrolyte is a liquid and an important component of the battery, and it contains a lot of organic solvents. The calcination treatment not only reduces the resource utilization rate but also easily leads to the generation of more toxic gaseous products such as HF. In addition, the high energy consumption of high-temperature calcination does not meet the requirements of green development (China Comprehensive Utilization of Resources, 2021, 39 (9), 84-89). 2. In addition to the electrolyte, the diaphragm in the lithium battery also has a large recycling value. After calcination, the diaphragm leaves in the form of gaseous products, causing waste of resources and polluting the environment (patent CN 117563557A) (China Journal of Nonferrous Metals, 2019, 29(4), 878-886). 3. The binder in the battery decomposes at high temperature, causing waste and generating toxic gases (patent CN 117563557 A).

[0004] Therefore, it is extremely urgent to provide a new and environmentally friendly method for recycling lithium batteries to improve the full resource recovery of recyclable components of waste lithium batteries. Summary of the invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a full-resource step-by-step classification and recovery method for recyclable components of waste lithium batteries. The waste lithium batteries are charged and crushed, and the components are classified and separated step by step through multiple extractions with different mixed solvents, filtration, distillation, etc. The filtrate is distilled and recrystallized to achieve lithium recovery, and the remaining solids are physically sorted to achieve the recovery of positive electrode collector aluminum foil, negative electrode collector copper foil, membrane separator, and positive and negative electrode graphite black powder. The recovery rate is high and no toxic gas is generated. The solvent used can be recycled and reused, with low energy consumption and green environmental protection.

[0006] The technical solutions adopted are:

[0007] A method for recycling all recyclable components of waste lithium batteries in a step-by-step manner, comprising the following steps:

[0008] (1) dismantling and crushing the charged lithium battery in an inert atmosphere to obtain crushed objects;

[0009] (2) The crushed material is treated in solvent A to obtain solid I and solvent A containing electrolyte, which is distilled to obtain solvent A and electrolyte, and the electrolyte is dissolved and further treated to obtain electrolyte lithium hexafluorophosphate; solid I includes negative electrode powder, positive electrode powder, positive and negative electrode binders, diaphragm, copper sheet, aluminum sheet, and plastic casing;

[0010] (3) solid I is treated in solvent B to obtain solid II and solvent B containing a negative electrode binder, and the solvent B and the negative electrode binder are distilled to obtain the solvent B and the negative electrode binder; solid II includes negative electrode powder, positive electrode powder, positive electrode binder, separator, copper sheet, aluminum sheet, and plastic casing;

[0011] (4) solid II is processed to obtain solid III and negative electrode powder containing lithium element, and the negative electrode powder is further processed to obtain negative electrode graphite powder and lithium compound; solid III includes positive electrode powder, positive electrode binder, separator, copper sheet, aluminum sheet, and plastic shell;

[0012] (5) treating solid III in solvent C to obtain solid IV and solvent C containing a positive electrode binder, and distilling to obtain solvent C and the positive electrode binder; solid IV includes positive electrode powder, separator, copper sheet, aluminum sheet, and plastic casing;

[0013] (6) treating solid IV to obtain solid V and positive electrode powder containing cobalt, manganese, nickel or lithium, and further treating the positive electrode powder to obtain positive electrode graphite powder and cobalt, manganese, nickel or lithium compounds; solid V includes a diaphragm, a copper sheet, an aluminum sheet, and a plastic shell;

[0014] (7) sorting the solid V to obtain a solid VI and a diaphragm; the solid VI includes a copper sheet, an aluminum sheet, and a plastic shell;

[0015] (8) Solid VI is sorted to obtain copper sheets, aluminum sheets and plastic shells.

[0016] Preferably, in step (1), the inert atmosphere is one or more of nitrogen, argon or helium, preferably nitrogen.

[0017] Preferably, in step (1), the disassembly is performed by mechanical disassembly or manual disassembly, and the crushing is performed by mechanical crushing or manual crushing. The size of the crushed material is between 0.1-10 cm, preferably 1-5 cm.

[0018] Preferably, in the above step (2), solvent A is at least one of diethyl ether, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, N-methylpyrrolidone, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, dichloromethane, chloroform, dichloroethane, dichloroethylene, trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, acetonitrile, acetone, tetrahydrofuran, methanol, ethanol, propanol, and isopropanol.

[0019] Preferably, in the above step (3), solvent B is at least one of ethyl acetate, N-methylpyrrolidone, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, ether, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, petroleum ether, dimethyl sulfoxide, dichloromethane, chloroform, dichloroethane, dichloroethylene, trichloroethylene, acetonitrile, acetone, tetrahydrofuran, methanol, ethanol, propanol, and isopropanol.

[0020] Preferably, in the above step (5), solvent C is at least one of sulfuric acid, nitric acid, benzenesulfonic acid, ether, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, petroleum ether, N-methylpyrrolidone, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, ethyl acetate, dimethyl sulfoxide, dichloromethane, chloroform, dichloroethane, dichloroethylene, trichloroethylene, acetonitrile, acetone, tetrahydrofuran, water, methanol, ethanol, propanol, and isopropanol.

[0021] Preferably, in the above step (2), the treatment method refers to at least one of immersion, standing, stirring, ultrasound, oscillation, hydrothermal, and solvent thermal; the distillation adopts atmospheric distillation or reduced pressure distillation, the distillation temperature is 30-200°C, the pressure is 0.1Pa-100kPa, and the time is 1-6h; the further treatment method refers to at least one of sedimentation, filtration, membrane filtration, filter press, suction filtration, centrifugation, electrophoresis, crystallization, screening, and spray drying, and the time is 1-48h, preferably 1-6h.

[0022] Preferably, in the above step (3), the treatment method refers to at least one of immersion, standing, stirring, ultrasound, oscillation, hydrothermal, and solvent thermal, and the time is 1 to 6 hours; the distillation adopts atmospheric distillation or reduced pressure distillation, the distillation temperature is 30 to 200°C, the pressure is 0.1Pa-100kPa, and the time is 1 to 48 hours, preferably 1 to 6 hours.

[0023] Preferably, in the above step (4), the treatment method refers to at least one of sedimentation, filtration, membrane filtration, filter press, suction filtration, centrifugation, electrophoresis, crystallization, screening, and spray drying, and the time is 1 to 6 hours; the further treatment method refers to at least one of immersion, standing, stirring, ultrasound, oscillation, hydrothermal, solvent thermal, sedimentation, filtration, membrane filtration, filter press, suction filtration, centrifugation, electrophoresis, crystallization, screening, and spray drying, and the time is 1 to 48 hours, preferably 1 to 6 hours;

[0024] Preferably, in the above step (5), the treatment method refers to at least one of immersion, standing, stirring, ultrasound, oscillation, hydrothermal, solvent thermal, sedimentation, filtration, membrane filtration, filter press, suction filtration, centrifugation, electrophoresis, crystallization, screening, and spray drying; the distillation adopts atmospheric distillation or reduced pressure distillation, the distillation temperature is 30-200°C, the pressure is 0.1Pa-100kPa, and the time is 1-48h, preferably 1-6h.

[0025] Preferably, in the above step (6), the treatment method refers to at least one of soaking, standing, stirring, ultrasound, oscillation, hydrothermal, solvent thermal, sedimentation, filtration, membrane filtration, filter press, suction filtration, centrifugation, electrophoresis, crystallization, screening, and spray drying, and the time is 1 to 48 hours, preferably 0.1 to 6 hours; the further treatment method refers to at least one of soaking, standing, stirring, ultrasound, oscillation, hydrothermal, solvent thermal, sedimentation, filtration, membrane filtration, filter press, suction filtration, centrifugation, electrophoresis, crystallization, screening, and spray drying, and the time is 1 to 48 hours, preferably 0.1 to 6 hours.

[0026] Preferably, in the above step (7), the sorting method refers to at least one of cyclone separation, eddy current magnetic separation, gravity separation, and electrostatic separation, and the time is 1 to 48 hours, preferably 0.1 to 6 hours.

[0027] Preferably, in the above step (8), the sorting method refers to at least one of cyclone separation, eddy current magnetic separation, gravity separation, and electrostatic separation, and the time is 1 to 48 hours, preferably 0.1 to 6 hours.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0029] The lithium battery of the present invention includes at least one of a ternary lithium battery, a lithium iron phosphate battery, a lithium cobaltate battery, a lithium manganate battery, a nickel manganate lithium, a nickel cobalt manganate lithium battery, a nickel cobalt aluminum battery, and a lithium titanate battery. The electrolyte, the negative electrode binder, the negative electrode graphite powder, the positive electrode binder, the positive electrode graphite powder, the cobalt / manganese / nickel / lithium compound, the diaphragm, the positive electrode current collector copper sheet, the negative electrode current collector aluminum sheet, the plastic shell, etc. are recovered, and the separation of the lithium battery materials is achieved by soaking, stirring, ultrasonic, filtering and sorting, and the problem of recycling the solvent in the treatment process is solved, and the cost is reduced. In addition, the whole process of the present invention does not generate toxic gas, does not pollute the environment, is green and environmentally friendly, is simple to operate, and has a high resource utilization rate. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 Flow chart of the method of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 2 The electrolyte obtained by the present invention.

[0032] Figure 3 It is the negative electrode binder obtained by the present invention.

[0033] Figure 4 The negative electrode graphite powder is obtained by the present invention.

[0034] Figure 5 It is the positive electrode binder obtained by the present invention.

[0035] Figure 6The positive electrode graphite powder is obtained by the present invention.

[0036] Figure 7 This is the diaphragm obtained by the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The accompanying drawings are only for illustrative purposes; it should be understood that common knowledge or prior art in the embodiments may be omitted; the cases mentioned below are only used to explain the present invention in order to facilitate the description of the present invention and simplify the description, and therefore, cannot be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0038] The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the embodiments.

[0039] Example 1

[0040] A method for recycling all recyclable components of waste lithium batteries in a step-by-step manner, comprising the following steps:

[0041] (1) A used ternary lithium battery with a charge of 3.6V is dismantled and crushed in an inert atmosphere to obtain a crushed object.

[0042] (2) The crushed material is immersed in a solvent A with a volume ratio of 1:2, wherein the composition of the solvent A is N-methylpyrrolidone, N,N-dimethylformamide and chloroform with a volume ratio of 1:2:3, and immersed for 30 minutes. After stirring with a stirrer for 30 minutes, the stirrer speed is 400 r / min, and the battery solid material without electrolyte and the solvent A containing electrolyte are obtained by filtration; the solvent A and the electrolyte are obtained by distillation, and the electrolyte is concentrated and crystallized to obtain the electrolyte lithium hexafluorophosphate (see Figure 2 ).

[0043] The filtration was carried out under reduced pressure at a pressure of 10 kPa for 1 h. The distillation was carried out under reduced pressure at a pressure of 10 Pa, a temperature of 50°C and a time of 3 h. The crystallization was carried out using dichloromethane and petroleum ether.

[0044] (3) The above-mentioned battery solid material is immersed in a solvent B with a volume ratio of 1:2, wherein the composition of the solvent B is tetrahydrofuran, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate, and the volume ratio is 1:1:1, and the mixture is immersed for 30 minutes, and stirred by a stirrer for 30 minutes, and the stirrer speed is 400r / min. After the negative electrode copper sheet, the lithium-containing negative electrode graphite powder and the binder are separated, the battery solid material without the negative electrode binder and the solvent B containing the negative electrode binder are obtained. The solvent B containing the negative electrode binder is distilled under reduced pressure to obtain the negative electrode binder (see Figure 3 ) and solvent B, the reduced pressure distillation pressure is 20Pa, the temperature is 60℃, and the time is 2h.

[0045] (4) The battery solids without negative electrode binder are screened to obtain battery material solids without negative electrode powder and negative electrode powder, and lithium is extracted from the negative electrode powder to obtain negative electrode graphite powder and lithium-containing compounds. The extraction method is to add water, stir and filter to obtain negative electrode graphite powder (see Figure 4 ), the solution was passed through CO 2 , the introduction time is 100 minutes, and high-purity lithium carbonate precipitate and solvent water are obtained by filtration.

[0046] (5) The above-mentioned battery material solid without negative electrode powder is soaked in a solvent C with a volume ratio of 1:2, wherein the composition of the solvent C is dioxane, chloroform, petroleum ether and acetone, and the volume ratio is 1:1:1:1. The mixture is soaked for 30 minutes and stirred for 30 minutes. The stirrer speed is 400 r / min. The battery solid material without negative electrode powder and positive electrode binder and the solvent C containing positive electrode binder are obtained by suction filtration. The solvent C containing positive electrode binder is distilled under reduced pressure to obtain positive electrode binder (see Figure 5 ) and solvent C, the reduced pressure distillation pressure is 20Pa, the temperature is 60℃, and the time is 2h.

[0047] (6) Screening the battery solid material containing no negative electrode powder and no positive electrode binder to obtain the battery solid material containing no negative electrode powder and no positive electrode powder and positive electrode powder, and extracting the metal by precipitation method of the positive electrode powder to obtain positive electrode graphite powder (see Figure 6 ) and compounds containing cobalt, nickel, manganese or lithium. The extraction method is to add sulfuric acid, saturated sodium sulfite solution and saturated sodium carbonate solution, stir and filter to obtain compounds containing cobalt, nickel, manganese or lithium.

[0048] (7) Separating the battery solid material without negative electrode powder and positive electrode powder to obtain a separator (see Figure 7 ) and battery solid materials without negative electrode powder, positive electrode powder and separator are separated by cyclone separation with a stirring speed of 200-500r / min, an air flow speed of 5-10m / s and a time of 10min.

[0049] (8) The battery solid materials without negative electrode powder, positive electrode powder and separator are sorted to obtain copper sheets, aluminum sheets and plastic shells. The sorting is carried out by eddy current magnetic separation with a voltage of 380 V and a time of 10 minutes.

[0050] Example 2

[0051] A method for recycling all recyclable components of waste lithium batteries in a step-by-step manner, which is different from Example 1 in that:

[0052] The mixed solvent A of 1 L of N-methylpyrrolidone, N,N-dimethylformamide and chloroform in a volume ratio of 1:2:3 in step (2) is replaced with N-methylpyrrolidone, ethanol and dichloromethane in a volume ratio of 1:2:3.

[0053] The remaining unmentioned contents are the same as those in Example 1.

[0054] Example 3

[0055] A method for recycling all recyclable components of waste lithium batteries in a step-by-step manner, which is different from Example 1 in that:

[0056] The mixed solvent A of 1L of N-methylpyrrolidone, N,N-dimethylformamide and chloroform in a volume ratio of 1:2:3 in step (2) is replaced with N-methylpyrrolidone, N,N-dimethylformamide and chloroform in a volume ratio of 1:1:1.

[0057] The remaining unmentioned contents are the same as those in Example 1.

[0058] Example 4

[0059] A method for recycling all recyclable components of waste lithium batteries in a step-by-step manner, which is different from Example 1 in that:

[0060] The volume ratio of 1L of tetrahydrofuran, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate mixed solvent B in step (3) is replaced with a 1:2:3 volume ratio of tetrahydrofuran, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate mixed solvent.

[0061] The remaining unmentioned contents are the same as those in Example 1.

[0062] Example 5

[0063] A method for recycling all recyclable components of waste lithium batteries in a step-by-step manner, which is different from Example 1 in that:

[0064] The volume ratio of 1L of tetrahydrofuran, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate mixed solvent B in step (3) is replaced with a 1:1:1 mixed solvent of methanol, N,N-dimethylformamide and chloroform.

[0065] The remaining unmentioned contents are the same as those in Example 1.

[0066] Example 6

[0067] A method for recycling all recyclable components of waste lithium batteries in a step-by-step manner, which is different from Example 1 in that:

[0068] The volume ratio of 1L of the mixed solvent C of dioxane, chloroform, petroleum ether and acetone in the volume ratio of 1:1:1:1 in step (5) is replaced with a mixed solvent of dioxane, chloroform, petroleum ether and acetone in the volume ratio of 1:2:2:1.

[0069] The remaining unmentioned contents are the same as those in Example 1.

[0070] Example 7

[0071] A method for recycling all recyclable components of waste lithium batteries in a step-by-step manner, which is different from Example 1 in that:

[0072] The volume ratio of 1L of the mixed solvent C of dioxane, chloroform, petroleum ether and acetone in the volume ratio of 1:1:1:1 in step (5) is replaced with a mixed solvent of methanol, N,N-dimethylformamide, chloroform and acetone in the volume ratio of 1:1:1:1.

[0073] The remaining unmentioned contents are the same as those in Example 1.

[0074] Example 8

[0075] A method for recycling all recyclable components of waste lithium batteries in a step-by-step manner, which is different from Example 1 in that:

[0076] The ternary lithium battery with a charge of 3.6V in step (1) is replaced with a lithium iron phosphate battery with a charge of 4.0V.

[0077] The remaining unmentioned contents are the same as those in Example 1.

[0078] Example 9

[0079] A method for recycling all recyclable components of waste lithium batteries in a step-by-step manner, which is different from Example 1 in that:

[0080] The ternary lithium battery with a charge of 3.6V in step (1) is replaced with a lithium cobalt oxide battery with a charge of 3.2V.

[0081] The remaining unmentioned contents are the same as those in Example 1.

[0082] Example 10

[0083] A method for recycling all recyclable components of waste lithium batteries in a step-by-step manner, which is different from Example 1 in that:

[0084] The ternary lithium battery with a charge of 3.6V in step (1) is replaced with a lithium manganese oxide battery with a charge of 3.0V.

[0085] The remaining unmentioned contents are the same as those in Example 1.

[0086] Comparative Example 1

[0087] The waste lithium battery materials are recycled by using the traditional pyrolysis process. The specific steps are as follows: the waste charged lithium battery is disassembled with electricity to obtain the waste charged lithium battery electrode material; the waste charged lithium battery electrode material is placed in a nitrogen-protected tubular furnace at 600°C for 6 hours, ball milled for 1 hour, with a ball-to-material ratio of 30:1, and sieved with a sieve after grinding, with a sieve mesh of 120 mesh, to recover the positive and negative electrode powders and positive and negative electrode current collectors containing metals such as nickel, cobalt and lithium.

[0088] Comparative Example 2

[0089] The conventional friction de-powdering process is used to recycle the waste charged lithium battery electrode materials. The difference from comparative example 1 is that the operation of calcining at 600°C for 6h in a nitrogen-protected tubular furnace is removed and replaced by physical friction de-powdering.

[0090] Comparative Example 3

[0091] The conventional wet inorganic acid soaking process was used to recycle the waste charged lithium battery electrode materials. The difference from Comparative Example 1 is that the operation of calcining at 600°C for 3h in a nitrogen-protected tubular furnace was removed and replaced with concentrated hydrochloric acid soaking, followed by filtering, washing and drying.

[0092] Comparative Example 4

[0093] The conventional wet organic acid soaking process was used to recycle the waste charged lithium battery electrode materials. The difference from Comparative Example 1 was that the operation of calcining at 600°C for 3h in a nitrogen-protected tubular furnace was removed and replaced with citric acid soaking, followed by filtering, washing and drying.

[0094] The product recovery rates obtained in Examples 1-10 were compared with the product recovery rates obtained in Comparative Examples 1-4, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0095] Table 1 Comparison of the recovery rate of all resources of waste lithium batteries in Examples 1-10 and Comparative Examples 1-4

[0096]

[0097]

[0098] By comparison, it can be shown that the method of the present invention has mild conditions, is easy to operate, has a simple process, does not require complex equipment, and the parameters of each process are easy to achieve. It has a good recovery rate, and all resources are recovered, including electrolyte, negative electrode binder, negative electrode graphite powder, positive electrode binder, positive electrode graphite powder, metal cobalt / manganese / nickel / lithium, diaphragm, positive electrode current collector copper sheet, negative electrode current collector aluminum sheet, plastic shell, etc. The recovered solvent can be recycled and reused, and carbon dioxide is used as a precipitant, which is more energy-saving and environmentally friendly. In terms of full resource recycling, it is superior to traditional processes and can be recycled and processed in large quantities.

[0099] Of course, the above description is not a limitation of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above examples. Any changes, modifications, additions or substitutions made by technicians in the technical field within the essential scope of the present invention should also fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for recycling all recyclable components of waste lithium batteries in a step-by-step manner, characterized in that: The steps include: (1) dismantling and crushing the charged lithium battery in an inert atmosphere to obtain crushed objects; (2) treating the crushed material in solvent A to obtain solid I and solvent A containing an electrolyte, distilling to obtain solvent A and an electrolyte, and dissolving the electrolyte and further treating to obtain electrolyte lithium hexafluorophosphate; (3) solid I is treated in solvent B to obtain solid II and solvent B containing a negative electrode binder, and the solvent B and the negative electrode binder are distilled to obtain; (4) treating solid II to obtain solid III and negative electrode powder containing lithium element, and further treating the negative electrode powder to obtain negative electrode graphite powder and lithium compound; (5) treating solid III in solvent C to obtain solid IV and solvent C containing a positive electrode binder, and distilling to obtain solvent C and a positive electrode binder; (6) treating solid IV to obtain solid V and a positive electrode powder containing cobalt, manganese, nickel or lithium, and further treating the positive electrode powder to obtain positive electrode graphite powder and a cobalt, manganese, nickel or lithium compound; (7) sorting the solid V to obtain a solid VI and a diaphragm; (8) Solid VI is sorted to obtain copper sheets, aluminum sheets and plastic shells.

2. The method for recycling all recyclable components of waste lithium batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (1), the inert atmosphere is one or more of nitrogen, argon or helium.

3. The method for recycling all recyclable components of waste lithium batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (1), the disassembly is performed by mechanical disassembly or manual disassembly, and the crushing is performed by mechanical crushing or manual crushing, and the size of the crushed material is between 0.1 and 10 cm.

4. The method for recycling all recyclable components of waste lithium batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: Solvent A is at least one of ether, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, N-methylpyrrolidone, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, dichloromethane, chloroform, dichloroethane, dichloroethylene, trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, acetonitrile, acetone, tetrahydrofuran, methanol, ethanol, propanol, and isopropanol; Solvent B is at least one of ethyl acetate, N-methylpyrrolidone, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, ether, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, petroleum ether, dimethyl sulfoxide, dichloromethane, chloroform, dichloroethane, dichloroethylene, trichloroethylene, acetonitrile, acetone, tetrahydrofuran, methanol, ethanol, propanol, and isopropanol; Solvent C is at least one of sulfuric acid, nitric acid, benzenesulfonic acid, ether, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, petroleum ether, N-methylpyrrolidone, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, ethyl acetate, dimethyl sulfoxide, dichloromethane, chloroform, dichloroethane, dichloroethylene, trichloroethylene, acetonitrile, acetone, tetrahydrofuran, water, methanol, ethanol, propanol, and isopropanol.

5. The method for recycling all recyclable components of waste lithium batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (2), the treatment method is at least one of immersion, standing, stirring, ultrasound, oscillation, hydrothermal, and solvent thermal; the distillation adopts atmospheric distillation or reduced pressure distillation, the distillation temperature is 30-200°C, the pressure is 0.1Pa-100kPa, and the time is 1-6h; the further treatment method is at least one of sedimentation, filtration, membrane filtration, filter press, suction filtration, centrifugation, electrophoresis, crystallization, screening, and spray drying, and the time is 1-6h.

6. The method for recycling all recyclable components of waste lithium batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (3), the treatment method is at least one of immersion, standing, stirring, ultrasound, oscillation, hydrothermal, and solvent thermal, and the time is 1 to 6 hours; the distillation adopts atmospheric distillation or reduced pressure distillation, the distillation temperature is 30 to 200° C., the pressure is 0.1 Pa-100 kPa, and the time is 1 to 6 hours.

7. The method for recycling all recyclable components of waste lithium batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (4), the treatment method is at least one of sedimentation, filtration, membrane filtration, filter press, suction filtration, centrifugation, electrophoresis, crystallization, screening, and spray drying, and the time is 1 to 6 hours; the further treatment method refers to at least one of immersion, standing, stirring, ultrasound, oscillation, hydrothermal, solvent thermal, sedimentation, filtration, membrane filtration, filter press, suction filtration, centrifugation, electrophoresis, crystallization, screening, and spray drying, and the time is 1 to 48 hours, preferably 1 to 6 hours.

8. The method for recycling all recyclable components of waste lithium batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (5), the treatment method is at least one of immersion, standing, stirring, ultrasound, oscillation, hydrothermal, solvent thermal, sedimentation, filtration, membrane filtration, filter press, suction filtration, centrifugation, electrophoresis, crystallization, screening, and spray drying; the distillation is atmospheric distillation or reduced pressure distillation, the distillation temperature is 30-200° C., the pressure is 0.1 Pa-100 kPa, and the time is 1-6 hours.

9. The method for recycling all recyclable components of waste lithium batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (6), the treatment method is at least one of soaking, standing, stirring, ultrasound, oscillation, hydrothermal, solvent thermal, sedimentation, filtration, membrane filtration, filter press, suction filtration, centrifugation, electrophoresis, crystallization, screening, and spray drying, and the time is 0.1 to 6 hours; further treatment means that the further treatment method is at least one of soaking, standing, stirring, ultrasound, oscillation, hydrothermal, solvent thermal, sedimentation, filtration, membrane filtration, filter press, suction filtration, centrifugation, electrophoresis, crystallization, screening, and spray drying, and the time is 0.1 to 6 hours.

10. The method for recycling all recyclable components of waste lithium batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: The separation method is at least one of cyclone separation, eddy current magnetic separation, gravity separation, and electrostatic separation, and the time is 0.1 to 6 hours.

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