Microbial compound fertilizer beneficial to coordination of nitrogen-alkali ratio of tobacco leaves as well as preparation method and application of microbial compound fertilizer

Abstract

The invention discloses a microbial compound fertilizer beneficial to nitrogen-alkali ratio coordination of tobacco leaves, a preparation method and application, and belongs to the field of tobacco fertilizers. The microbial compound fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 25-26 parts of an organic fertilizer, 0.2-0.5 part of microbial powder, 26 parts of diammonium phosphate, 32 parts of potassium nitrate, 10 parts of potassium sulfate, 0.5 part of ammonium heptamolybdate, 5 parts of anhydrous borax and 0.1-0.5 part of a fertilizer additive. Through verification, the microbial compound fertilizer provided by the invention can improve the coordination of the total nitrogen content, the nicotine content and the nitrogen-alkali ratio of tobacco leaves, promote the growth and economic character improvement of flue-cured tobacco, and increase the net income. Meanwhile, the utilization rate of the fertilizer can be increased, and the fertilizer is beneficial to soil biological ecological balance, C / N balance, chemical macroelement / microelement balance and balance between the flue-cured tobacco nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium nutrient demand proportion and supply, so that the risk of environmental pollution is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of tobacco fertilizers, in particular to a microbial compound fertilizer that is beneficial to the coordination of the nitrogen-alkali ratio of tobacco leaves, a preparation method and an application thereof. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, the core tobacco-growing areas of high-quality tobacco leaves have been gradually squeezed out, good fields have been occupied, the planting area is sporadic and dispersed, and the area of ​​large-scale planting is decreasing year by year; at the same time, there have been problems such as unbalanced development of standardized production levels and gaps in implementation, and uneven promotion and application of production technology measures; resulting in instability in tobacco leaf quality between years and regions, and even fluctuating quality indicators of some batches of tobacco leaves. For example, the outstanding problems are insufficient conversion of tobacco leaf contents and inharmonious chemical composition, such as nicotine content below 2% and inharmonious nitrogen-alkali ratio, which seriously affect the smoke's ability to maintain good aroma, taste, sweetness, appropriate strength and concentration, as well as the mellowness of the smoke, resulting in reduced industrial availability of tobacco leaves.

[0003] Total nitrogen and nicotine content are the most important chemical components in routine tobacco leaf analysis. Their contents and derived values ​​(the harmony of the nitrogen-to-nicotine ratio) are also important criteria for evaluating the intrinsic quality of flue-cured tobacco. The presence of nicotine gives tobacco its unique appeal as a hobby crop, and its content directly determines the intrinsic quality, safety, and usability of tobacco leaves. If the nicotine content in the smoke is too low, the flavor will be weak and bland, while if the content is too high, the flavor will be strong, irritating, and produce a spicy taste. Nitrogen is an essential element for plant growth and a key component of nicotine. As nitrogen application increases, the nicotine content of tobacco leaves increases, and the positive correlation between the two reaches a highly significant level. The nitrogen-base ratio reflects the proportion of nicotine in nitrogen-containing compounds and is an important chemical indicator for measuring the inherent quality harmony of flue-cured tobacco. Research has shown that the optimal nitrogen-base ratio for flue-cured tobacco is slightly less than or equal to 1. A nitrogen-base ratio greater than 1 can severely impact tobacco leaf quality, primarily manifesting as a deterioration in aroma, strength, concentration, and pungency, with the impact often reaching significant or extremely significant levels. The nitrogen-base ratio of a blended leaf significantly influences the overall sensory quality and flavor of the blend. Based on this, the present invention proposes a microbial organic-inorganic composite fertilizer specifically for flue-cured tobacco that improves the harmony of key chemical quality indicators for tobacco leaves: total nitrogen, nicotine content, and nitrogen-base ratio. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a microbial compound fertilizer, a preparation method and an application thereof that are beneficial to the coordination of the nitrogen-alkali ratio of tobacco leaves, so as to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art. The microbial compound fertilizer provided by the present invention can improve the coordination of the total nitrogen, nicotine content and nitrogen-alkali ratio in tobacco leaves, promote the growth of flue-cured tobacco and improve its economic traits, increase net income, and at the same time, improve the fertilizer utilization rate, be beneficial to the ecological balance of soil organisms, and reduce the risk of environmental pollution.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0006] The invention provides a microbial compound fertilizer that is beneficial to the coordination of the nitrogen-alkali ratio of tobacco leaves. The microbial compound fertilizer comprises the following components, measured in parts by weight: 25-26 parts of organic fertilizer, 0.2-0.5 parts of microbial powder, 26 parts of diammonium phosphate, 32 parts of potassium nitrate, 10 parts of potassium sulfate, 0.5 parts of ammonium heptamolybdate, 5 parts of anhydrous borax, and 0.1-0.5 parts of a fertilizer additive. The fertilizer additive comprises one or more of agricultural chitin, gamma-aminobutyric acid, or polyglutamic acid.

[0007] Furthermore, the organic fertilizer is fermented from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80-85 parts of rape straw, 9-12 parts of oil cake, 6-8 parts of smoke foam, 2-3 parts of urea and 0.3-0.5 parts of fermentation and decomposition bacteria agent.

[0008] Furthermore, the microbial powder includes Bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder and Bacillus subtilis powder.

[0009] Furthermore, the microbial powder is composed of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens YWF-17-0001 powder, Bacillus subtilis WSWFJ-20 ​​powder and Bacillus subtilis WSWFJ46 powder in a weight ratio of 1.2:0.6:0.2;

[0010] The deposit number of the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens YWF-17-0001 is CGMCC No. 23617;

[0011] The deposit number of the Bacillus subtilis WSWFJ-20 ​​is CGMCC No.18265;

[0012] The deposit number of the Bacillus subtilis WSWFJ46 is CGMCC No.20145.

[0013] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the microbial compound fertilizer, comprising the following steps:

[0014] Preparation of microbial powder: Bacillus amyloliquefaciens YWF-17-0001 powder, Bacillus subtilis WSWFJ-20 ​​powder and Bacillus subtilis WSWFJ46 powder were mixed in a weight ratio of 1.2:0.6:0.2 to obtain microbial powder;

[0015] Preparation of organic fertilizer: 80-85 parts of rape straw, 9-12 parts of oilseed cake, 6-8 parts of smoke foam, 2-3 parts of urea and 0.3-0.5 parts of fermentation and decomposition agent are fermented to obtain organic fertilizer;

[0016] Microbial compound fertilizer: 25-26 parts of the organic fertilizer, 0.2-0.5 parts of the microbial powder, 26 parts of diammonium phosphate, 32 parts of potassium nitrate, 10 parts of potassium sulfate, 0.5 parts of ammonium heptamolybdate, 5 parts of anhydrous borax and 0.1-0.5 parts of fertilizer additives are mixed to obtain the microbial compound fertilizer;

[0017] The fertilizer additive includes one or more of agricultural chitin, gamma-aminobutyric acid or polyglutamic acid.

[0018] Furthermore, the effective viable counts of the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens YWF-17-0001 powder, the Bacillus subtilis WSWFJ-20 ​​powder, and the Bacillus subtilis WSWFJ46 powder are all not less than 1×10 10 / g;

[0019] The deposit number of the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens YWF-17-0001 is CGMCC No. 23617;

[0020] The deposit number of the Bacillus subtilis WSWFJ-20 ​​is CGMCC No.18265;

[0021] The deposit number of the Bacillus subtilis WSWFJ46 is CGMCC No.20145.

[0022] The present invention also provides the use of the microbial compound fertilizer in any of the following:

[0023] (1) Application in improving the total nitrogen and nicotine content and the coordination of nitrogen-alkali ratio in flue-cured tobacco leaves;

[0024] (2) Application in increasing the yield, output value, average price and proportion of high-quality flue-cured tobacco;

[0025] (3) Application in increasing the length, width, area and chlorophyll content of flue-cured tobacco leaves;

[0026] (4) Application in improving nitrogen utilization efficiency of flue-cured tobacco.

[0027] The present invention also provides a method for improving the total nitrogen and nicotine contents and the coordination of the nitrogen-alkali ratio of flue-cured tobacco leaves, comprising the step of applying the microbial compound fertilizer to the flue-cured tobacco leaves.

[0028] Furthermore, the microbial compound fertilizer is applied as base fertilizer at an application rate of 600 kg / hm2. 2 -900kg / hm 2 .

[0029] The present invention discloses the following technical effects:

[0030] The present invention provides a complete microbial organic-inorganic composite formula fertilizer for flue-cured tobacco, which contains beneficial microorganisms, organic matter, macroelements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, and trace elements such as boron and molybdenum. Compared with conventional controls, this novel biofertilizer improves the coordination of key chemical quality indicators such as total nitrogen, nicotine content, and nitrogen-alkali ratio in upper, middle, and lower tobacco leaves, meeting the high-quality tobacco leaf index requirements for industrial cigarette production, promotes the growth and economic characteristics of flue-cured tobacco, and increases net income. At the same time, it improves fertilizer utilization rate, is beneficial to the soil biological ecological balance, the organic-inorganic carbon-nitrogen ratio (C / N) balance, the chemical macroelements / trace elements balance, and the balance between the demand ratio and supply of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium nutrients in flue-cured tobacco, thereby reducing the risk of environmental pollution. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as limiting the present invention, but rather as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features, and embodiments of the present invention.

[0032] It should be understood that the terms described herein are intended only to describe particular embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, for numerical ranges herein, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the range is also specifically disclosed. The intermediate value within any stated value or stated range, and each smaller range between any other stated value or intermediate value within the stated range, is also encompassed within the present invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may be independently included or excluded within the scope.

[0033] Unless otherwise indicated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may also be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods and / or materials associated with the documents. In the event of any conflict with any incorporated document, the contents of this specification shall prevail.

[0034] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations may be made to the specific embodiments described herein without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the description of the invention. The description and examples are intended to be illustrative only.

[0035] The words “include,” “including,” “have,” “contain,” etc. used in this document are open-ended terms, meaning including but not limited to.

[0036] The special microbial compound fertilizer for flue-cured tobacco provided by the present invention has the following raw material formula: 25-26 parts of organic fertilizer, 0.2-0.5 parts of microbial powder, 26 parts of diammonium phosphate, 32 parts of potassium nitrate, 10 parts of potassium sulfate, 0.5 parts of ammonium heptamolybdate, 5 parts of anhydrous borax, and 0.1-0.5 parts of fertilizer additives.

[0037] The organic fertilizer is fermented from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80-85 parts rape straw, 9-12 parts oil cake, 6-8 parts smoke foam, 2-3 parts urea, and 0.3-0.5 parts fermentation and decomposition agent. The fermentation and decomposition agent was purchased from Luoyang Ouke Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0038] The microbial powder consists of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens YWF-17-0001 powder, Bacillus subtilis WSWFJ-20 ​​powder, and Bacillus subtilis WSWFJ46 powder in a weight ratio of 1.2:0.6:0.2. The three powders were provided by Yunnan Yunye Fertilizer Co., Ltd. The deposit number of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens YWF-17-0001 is CGMCC No. 23617; the deposit number of Bacillus subtilis WSWFJ-20 ​​is CGMCC No. 18265; and the deposit number of Bacillus subtilis WSWFJ46 is CGMCC No. 20145.

[0039] The fertilizer additive comprises one or more of agricultural chitin, gamma-aminobutyric acid or polyglutamic acid.

[0040] Example 1 Preparation of microbial compound fertilizer

[0041] 1. Preparation of microbial powder

[0042] The bacterial powder includes Bacillus amyloliquefaciens YWF-17-0001 bacterial powder, Bacillus subtilis WSWFJ-20 ​​bacterial powder, and Bacillus subtilis WSWFJ46 bacterial powder. During the compounding process, the weight ratio of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens YWF-17-0001 bacterial powder, Bacillus subtilis WSWFJ-20 ​​bacterial powder, and Bacillus subtilis WSWFJ46 bacterial powder is 1.2:0.6:0.2. The amount of effective viable bacteria in the three bacterial powders is not less than 1×10 10 / g, and the number of effective living bacteria in the compounded microbial fertilizer is not less than 2×10 7 / g.

[0043] 2. Preparation of organic fertilizer

[0044] 80 parts of rape straw (dry basis), 12 parts of oil cake (dry basis), 8 parts of smoke foam (dry basis), 2 parts of urea (added according to the C / N ratio of the raw materials, adjusting the C / N ratio to the optimal value of about 25), and 0.3 parts of fermentation and composting bacteria agent.

[0045] The above materials were placed in a fermentation tank and fermented for 20 days to obtain organic fertilizer.

[0046] 3. Preparation of fertilizer additives

[0047] 0.3 parts of agricultural chitin, 0.1 parts of gamma-aminobutyric acid and 0.1 parts of polyglutamic acid.

[0048] 4. Preparation of microbial compound fertilizer

[0049] Take 25 parts of the organic fertilizer prepared above, 0.2 parts of microbial powder, 26 parts of diammonium phosphate, 32 parts of potassium nitrate, 10 parts of potassium sulfate, 0.5 parts of ammonium heptamolybdate, 5 parts of anhydrous borax, and 0.4 parts of fertilizer additives. After mixing, a special microbial compound fertilizer for flue-cured tobacco (organic matter ≥ 20%, total nutrients (N+P2O5+K2O) ≥ 40%, N:P2O5:K2O:B:Mo=9:12:19:1:0.2, effective viable bacteria count (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus subtilis) ≥ 2×10 7 / g).

[0050] Among them, the molybdenum element in ammonium heptamolybdate is one of the trace elements necessary for the growth and development of tobacco. The effect of molybdenum on the plant body is mainly manifested in the form of molybdenum-containing enzymes. There are four main types of molybdenum-containing enzymes: nitrate reductase (NR), xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH), aldehyde oxidase (AO), and sulfite oxidase (SO). Molybdenum-containing enzymes control the catalytic redox reactions of the plant body and then control the nitrogen metabolism, hormone metabolism and other processes of the plant, thereby regulating the physiological changes of the plant and playing an important role in the stress resistance, photosynthetic efficiency, nitrogen fixation ability and redox reaction of the plant body. The present invention adds molybdenum, mainly by increasing molybdenum to increase the content of nitrate reductase in tobacco, thereby improving the nitrogen fixation ability of tobacco and promoting nitrogen absorption and nicotine synthesis in tobacco leaves.

[0051] Boron in anhydrous borax is one of the trace elements necessary for tobacco growth and development. During the growth and development of tobacco, boron is mainly present in the form of BO3 3- Boron enters the tobacco plant in the form of chlorophyll, plays an important role in the physiological and biochemical processes of the tobacco plant, participates in the synthesis of uracil and chlorophyll, affects carbohydrate transport and protein metabolism and transport, and thus affects the yield and quality of tobacco leaves. The present invention adds boron, mainly considering that the tobacco-growing areas in southern my country are humid and rainy, the amount of boron leaching in the soil is large, and boron deficiency is very common, especially in the tobacco-growing red soil, yellow soil, and purple soil in Yunnan tobacco-growing areas. The literature (Lei Yonghe, Che Si, Shao Yan, et al. Nutrition and Soil Management of Micronutrients in Tobacco in Yunnan [M]. Kunming: Yunnan Science and Technology Press, 1995.1-121.) shows that 99.02% of the soil in Yuxi area is deficient in boron, of which 86.27% is extremely deficient in boron; 97.75% of the soil in Chuxiong Prefecture is deficient in boron, of which 60.67% is extremely deficient.

[0052] Agricultural chitin is a linear neutral mucopolysaccharide with the chemical name β-(1,4)-2-acetylamino-2-deoxy-D-glucose. It is a high molecular compound formed by connecting N-acetyl-2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucose with β-1,4 glycosidic bonds. It is widely found in the shells of shrimp, crabs, insects, and the outer walls and cell walls of higher fungi. Its reserves in nature are very large. Chitin and its derivative fertilizers have shown remarkable effects in agricultural applications. Due to its unique mechanism of action, it can not only significantly improve the stress resistance of crops themselves and significantly reduce the use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers, but also promote the proliferation of beneficial microorganisms, improve soil, maintain the agricultural ecological environment, and significantly improve the taste and quality of agricultural products. The present invention adds agricultural chitin. On the one hand, it utilizes its large amount of C and N elements, which can be used by tobacco after microbial decomposition. On the other hand, it utilizes its strong water-retention performance and can enhance nitrogen fixation capacity by promoting the reproduction of nitrogen-fixing bacteria microbial populations, thereby promoting nitrogen absorption and nicotine synthesis in tobacco leaves.

[0053] γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a non-protein amino acid that is commonly found in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. In higher plants, GABA is an osmotic substance that participates in the plant's response to adverse stress, and can also act as a signal molecule to participate in the expression regulation of various genes in cells. γ-Aminobutyric acid is produced from L-glutamic acid (sodium) as a raw material through microbial fermentation or bio-enzyme conversion, filtration, decolorization, addition of auxiliary materials, spray drying or crystallization. The present invention adds γ-aminobutyric acid mainly to promote ethylene synthesis and promote the maturity and yellowing of tobacco leaves, thereby improving tobacco yield and quality.

[0054] Polyglutamic acid is a biopolymer produced through microbial fermentation using starch, starch sugar, or sucrose as its primary raw materials. It exhibits excellent water solubility, adsorption, and biodegradability. The addition of polyglutamic acid in this invention primarily leverages its fertilizer synergist properties, leveraging its excellent water and soil retention capabilities to improve fertilizer utilization efficiency, promote nutrient absorption in tobacco leaves, and enhance the synthesis of substances such as nicotine, sugars, and proteins, thereby increasing tobacco yield and quality.

[0055] Example 2 Preparation of microbial compound fertilizer

[0056] 1. Preparation of microbial powder

[0057] Same as Example 1.

[0058] 2. Preparation of organic fertilizer

[0059] 85 parts of rape straw (dry basis), 9 parts of oil cake (dry basis), 6 parts of smoke foam (dry basis), 3 parts of urea (added according to the C / N ratio of the raw materials, adjusting the C / N ratio to the optimal value of about 25), and 0.5 parts of fermentation and composting bacteria agent.

[0060] The above materials were placed in a fermentation tank and fermented for 20 days to obtain organic fertilizer.

[0061] 3. Preparation of fertilizer additives

[0062] 0.3 parts of agricultural chitin.

[0063] 4. Preparation of microbial compound fertilizer

[0064] Take 26 parts of the organic fertilizer prepared above, 0.5 parts of microbial powder, 26 parts of diammonium phosphate, 32 parts of potassium nitrate, 10 parts of potassium sulfate, 0.5 parts of ammonium heptamolybdate, 5 parts of anhydrous borax, and 0.1 parts of fertilizer additives. After mixing, a special microbial compound fertilizer for flue-cured tobacco (organic matter ≥ 20%, total nutrients (N+P2O5+K2O) ≥ 40%, N:P2O5:K2O:B:Mo=9:12:19:1:0.2, effective viable bacteria count (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus subtilis) ≥ 2×10 7 / g).

[0065] Example 3

[0066] 1. Preparation of microbial powder

[0067] Same as Example 1.

[0068] 2. Preparation of organic fertilizer

[0069] 83 parts of rapeseed straw (dry basis), 10 parts of oil cake (dry basis), 7 parts of smoke foam (dry basis), 2.5 parts of urea (added according to the C / N ratio of the raw materials, adjusting the C / N ratio to the optimal value of about 25), and 0.4 parts of fermentation and composting bacteria agent.

[0070] The above materials were placed in a fermentation tank and fermented for 20 days to obtain organic fertilizer.

[0071] 3. Preparation of fertilizer additives

[0072] 0.1 parts of gamma-aminobutyric acid and 0.1 parts of polyglutamic acid.

[0073] 4. Preparation of microbial compound fertilizer

[0074] Take 26 parts of the organic fertilizer prepared above, 0.5 parts of microbial powder, 26 parts of diammonium phosphate, 32 parts of potassium nitrate, 10 parts of potassium sulfate, 0.5 parts of ammonium heptamolybdate, 5 parts of anhydrous borax, and 0.2 parts of fertilizer additives. After mixing, a special microbial compound fertilizer for flue-cured tobacco (organic matter ≥ 20%, total nutrients (N+P2O5+K2O) ≥ 40%, N:P2O5:K2O:B:Mo=9:12:19:1:0.2, effective viable bacteria count (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus subtilis) ≥ 2×10 7 / g).

[0075] Effect Example 1

[0076] Fertilizer type 1: The microbial compound fertilizer for flue-cured tobacco prepared in Example 1, applied at a rate of 900 kg / hm2 2 , applied as basal fertilizer before transplanting flue-cured tobacco, fertilization method is pond application. Fertilizer type 2: nitrogen-potassium fertilizer (N:K2O=12.5:33.5) is applied as topdressing, with a total topdressing amount of 432kg / hm 2 , divided into two times, about 25 days after transplanting (clumping stage) and about 50 days (early stage of vigorous growth) as topdressing, the first and second ratios are 50%:50%, and the fertilization method is watering. The total amount of pure nitrogen (N) applied is 135kg / hm 2 The base-topdressing ratio was 60%:20%:20% (calculated as pure N), and the total application ratio of N:P2O5:K2O was 1:0.8:2.34. Flue-cured tobacco was cultivated according to conventional management methods.

[0077] Effect Example 2

[0078] The main difference from Effect Example 1 is the base-chasing ratio.

[0079] Fertilizer type 1: The microbial compound fertilizer for flue-cured tobacco prepared in Example 1, applied at a rate of 750 kg / hm2 2 , before transplanting flue-cured tobacco, apply as base fertilizer, fertilization method is pond application. Fertilizer type 2: nitrogen potassium fertilizer (N:K2O=12.5:33.5) is applied as topdressing, the total topdressing amount is 540kg / hm 2 , divided into two times, about 25 days after transplanting (clumping stage) and about 45 days (early stage of vigorous growth) as topdressing, the first and second ratios are 60%:40%, and the fertilization method is watering. The total amount of pure nitrogen (N) applied is 135kg / hm 2 The base and topdressing ratio is 50%:30%:20% (calculated based on pure N), and the total application ratio of N:P2O5:K2O is 1:0.67:2.1.

[0080] Effect Example 3

[0081] The main difference from Effect Example 1 is the base-chasing ratio.

[0082] Fertilizer type 1: The microbial compound fertilizer for flue-cured tobacco prepared in Example 1, applied at a rate of 600 kg / hm2 2 , applied as basal fertilizer before transplanting flue-cured tobacco, fertilization method is pond application. Fertilizer type 2: nitrogen-potassium fertilizer (N:K2O=12.5:33.5) is applied as topdressing, with a total topdressing amount of 648kg / hm 2 , divided into two times, respectively, about 25 days after transplanting (clumping stage) and about 45 days (early stage of vigorous growth) as topdressing, the first and second ratios are 66.7%:33.3%, and the fertilization method is watering. The total amount of pure nitrogen (N) applied is 135kg / hm 2 The base and topdressing ratio is 40%:40%:20% (calculated based on pure N), and the total application ratio of N:P2O5:K2O is 1:0.53:2.45.

[0083] Comparative Example 1

[0084] The same as Example 1, the only difference is that the base fertilizer and topdressing are omitted, no fertilizer is applied, and the flue-cured tobacco is cultivated according to the same conventional management method as Example 1, which is CK0 (blank control).

[0085] Comparative Example 2

[0086] Conventional fertilization (CK1) treatment: Fertilizer type 1 was a special formula fertilizer for flue-cured tobacco (N:P2O5:K2O=15:15:18), with an application rate of 540kg / hm 2 Before transplanting flue-cured tobacco, basal fertilizer was applied in ponds. Fertilizer type 2 was nitrogen-potassium fertilizer (N:K2O=12.5:33.5), with a total application rate of 432 kg / hm2. 2 The topdressing was carried out twice, 25 days after transplanting (at the cluster stage) and 45 days after transplanting (at the early stage of vigorous growth). The fertilization method was watering. The total amount of pure nitrogen (N) applied was 135 kg / hm2. 2 The base-topdressing ratio was 60%:20%:20% (calculated as pure N), and the total application ratio of N:P2O5:K2O was 1:0.6:1.79. Flue-cured tobacco was cultivated in the same conventional management method as in Example 1.

[0087] Effect verification

[0088] EXCEL and DPS data processing systems were used for data statistics, multiple comparisons and significant variance analysis.

[0089] 1. Chemical quality

[0090] Taking the plot as a unit, tobacco leaf samples of upper leaves (represented by B2F), middle leaves (represented by C3F), and lower leaves (represented by X2F) were collected, and the total nitrogen and nicotine content of the tobacco leaves were tested and analyzed indoors, and the nitrogen-to-nicotine ratio (total nitrogen / nicotine) was calculated.

[0091] The coordination of key chemical quality indicators of upper, middle and lower tobacco leaves, such as total nitrogen, nicotine content and nitrogen-alkali ratio, all met the requirements for high-quality tobacco leaves. Compared with CK1, the three indicators of tobacco leaves in different parts of effect cases 1, 2 and 3, such as upper, middle and lower parts, were as follows: (1) the total nitrogen content of the upper leaves increased by 0.70%, 0.56% and 0.32%, respectively, the nicotine content increased by 0.68%, 0.26% and 0.18%, respectively, and the nitrogen-base ratio increased by 0.08, 0.12 and 0.07, respectively; (2) the total nitrogen content of the middle leaves increased by 0.49%, 0.50% and 0.47%, respectively, the nicotine content increased by 0.58%, 0.46% and 0.33%, respectively, and the nitrogen-base ratio increased by 0.05, 0.09 and 0.13, respectively; (3) the total nitrogen content of the lower leaves increased by 0.49%, 0.40% and 0.36%, respectively, the nicotine content increased by 0.22%, 0.09% and -0.04%, respectively, and the nitrogen-base ratio increased by 0.16, 0.17 and 0.22, respectively (Table 1).

[0092] Table 1 Comparison of variance analysis results of key chemical quality indicators among different treatments

[0093]

[0094]

[0095] Note: Lowercase letters indicate significant differences, uppercase letters indicate extremely significant differences, and different letters indicate statistically significant differences.

[0096] 2. Economic traits

[0097] The economic traits of flue-cured tobacco, such as yield, output value, average price and proportion of high-quality tobacco, were significantly improved compared with CK0. Compared with CK1, the yield of effect cases 1 and 2 increased by 61.3 and 60.4 kg / hm2 respectively. 2 , the effect case 3 is equivalent to CK1; the output value of effect cases 1, 2, and 3 increased by 3121, 5054, and 2199 yuan g / hm respectively 2 The average price increased by 0.62, 1.22 and 0.77 yuan g / hm respectively 2 , the proportion of high-quality tobacco increased by 6.26%, 4.36% and 4.92% respectively (Table 2).

[0098] Table 2 Comparison of variance analysis results of economic traits among different treatments

[0099]

[0100]

[0101] Note: Lowercase letters indicate significant differences, uppercase letters indicate extremely significant differences, and different letters indicate statistically significant differences.

[0102] 3. Agronomic traits

[0103] Weighted average of waist leaf area (cm 2 ) = 1 / N∑(leaf length of each repetition × leaf width × 0.6345), where N is the number of repetitions, 3; and 0.6345 is the leaf area index.

[0104] The growth of flue-cured tobacco was significantly improved compared with CK0; it was improved compared with CK1. Effect cases 1, 2, and 3 generally promoted the growth of flue-cured tobacco. Among them, the waist leaf length, waist leaf width, waist leaf area and chlorophyll content increased significantly. Among them, the waist leaf length increased by 3.6 cm, 3.2 cm, and 0.8 cm respectively, the waist leaf width increased by 2.0 cm, 0.9 cm, and 0.7 cm respectively, and the waist leaf area increased by 167.7 cm 2 、108.2cm 2 、45.0cm 2 , the chlorophyll content (SPAD value) increased by 2.6, 1.2, and 0.5, respectively (Table 3).

[0105] Table 3 Comparison of variance analysis results of agronomic traits among different treatments

[0106]

[0107]

[0108]

[0109] Note: Lowercase letters indicate significant differences, uppercase letters indicate extremely significant differences, and different letters indicate statistically significant differences.

[0110] 4. Economic benefit analysis

[0111] Effect example 1: Flue-cured tobacco special microbial compound fertilizer 5 yuan / kg×900kg / hm 2 =4500 yuan / hm 2 , nitrogen and potassium fertilizer 4.6 yuan / kg×432kg / hm 2 =1987.2 yuan / hm 2 The total fertilizer input cost is calculated to be 6487.2 yuan / hm 2 Effect example 2: Flue-cured tobacco special microbial compound fertilizer 5 yuan / kg×750kg / hm 2 =3750 yuan / hm2 , nitrogen and potassium fertilizer 4.6 yuan / kg×540kg / hm 2 =2484 yuan / hm 2 The total fertilizer input cost is calculated to be 6984 yuan / hm2 2 Effect example 3: Flue-cured tobacco special microbial compound fertilizer 5 yuan / kg×600kg / hm 2 =3000 yuan / hm 2 , nitrogen and potassium fertilizer 4.6 yuan / kg×648kg / hm 2 =2980.8 yuan / hm 2 The total fertilizer input cost is calculated to be 5980.8 yuan / hm 2 Compared with CK1, the fertilizer input cost increased, with effect cases 1, 2, and 3 increasing by 2124.0, 2620.8, and 1617.6 yuan / hm2 respectively. 2 , compared with the tobacco leaf output value increased by 3120.4, 5353.5, 2199.1 yuan / hm 2 The net income increased by 996.4, 2432.7 and 581.5 yuan / hm2 respectively. 2 (Table 4).

[0112] Table 4 Economic Benefit Analysis

[0113]

[0114] 5. Nitrogen balance and utilization rate

[0115] N nutrient removal from the whole tobacco plant (kg / hm 2 )=[Tobacco leaf yield (ie, biological dry weight (kg / hm2) 2 )×average N content of tobacco leaves (%) + dry weight of rhizome (kg / hm2 2 )×average nitrogen content in rhizomes (%)] / 100.

[0116] Fertilizer N utilization rate (%) = [N nutrient removal by the whole tobacco plant under fertilization treatment (kg / hm2) 2 )-N nutrient removal of the whole tobacco plant under no fertilizer treatment (kg / hm 2 )] / N input under fertilization treatment (kg / hm 2 )*100.

[0117] On the one hand, the nutrient balance of farmland fundamentally determines the development direction of soil fertility, which is the most basic material foundation for sustainable agricultural development. On the other hand, farmland nutrient balance is an important indicator for environmental pollution risk assessment, directly related to air and water pollution, soil nutrient degradation, and directly determines the effectiveness of fertilization. The proportion of nitrogen removed by tobacco plants in effect examples 1, 2, and 3 to the total fertilizer N input was 101.4%, 97.7%, and 90.8%, respectively. The fertilizer N utilization rate was 52.0%, 48.4%, and 41.4%, respectively, all greater than CK1. This shows that the microbial compound fertilizer provided by the present invention can improve the utilization rate of fertilizer N, promote soil nitrogen nutrient balance, and reduce the risk of environmental pollution (Table 5).

[0118] Table 5 Nitrogen balance and utilization analysis

[0119]

[0120] In summary, the present invention provides a complete microbial organic-inorganic composite formula fertilizer for flue-cured tobacco that simultaneously contains beneficial microorganisms, organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and trace elements such as boron and molybdenum. Compared with conventional controls, this new biofertilizer improves the coordination of key chemical quality indicators such as total nitrogen, nicotine content, and nitrogen-alkali ratio in the upper, middle, and lower tobacco leaves, all of which meet the high-quality tobacco leaf index requirements for industrial cigarette production, promotes the growth and economic characteristics of flue-cured tobacco, and increases net income. At the same time, it improves fertilizer utilization rate, is beneficial to the soil biological ecological balance, organic-inorganic (C / N) balance, chemical macro- / trace element balance, and the balance between the demand ratio and supply of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium nutrients in flue-cured tobacco, thereby reducing the risk of environmental pollution.

[0121] The embodiments described above are merely descriptions of preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by persons skilled in the art should fall within the scope of protection defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A microbial compound fertilizer that is beneficial to the coordination of nitrogen-alkali ratio of tobacco leaves, characterized in that: The invention comprises the following components in parts by weight: 25-26 parts of organic fertilizer, 0.2-0.5 parts of microbial powder, 26 parts of diammonium phosphate, 32 parts of potassium nitrate, 10 parts of potassium sulfate, 0.5 parts of ammonium heptamolybdate, 5 parts of anhydrous borax and 0.1-0.5 parts of fertilizer additives, wherein the fertilizer additives include one or more of agricultural chitin, γ-aminobutyric acid or polyglutamic acid.

2. The microbial compound fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that The organic fertilizer is fermented from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80-85 parts of rape straw, 9-12 parts of oil cake, 6-8 parts of smoke foam, 2-3 parts of urea and 0.3-0.5 parts of fermentation and decomposition bacteria agent.

3. The microbial compound fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that The microbial powder includes Bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder and Bacillus subtilis powder.

4. The microbial compound fertilizer according to claim 3, characterized in that The microbial powder is composed of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens YWF-17-0001 powder, Bacillus subtilis WSWFJ-20 ​​powder and Bacillus subtilis WSWFJ46 powder in a weight ratio of 1.2:0.6:0.2; The deposit number of the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens YWF-17-0001 is CGMCC No.23617; The deposit number of the Bacillus subtilis WSWFJ-20 ​​is CGMCC No.18265; The deposit number of the Bacillus subtilis WSWFJ46 is CGMCC No.20145.

5. The method for preparing the microbial compound fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Preparation of microbial powder: Bacillus amyloliquefaciens YWF-17-0001 powder, Bacillus subtilis WSWFJ-20 ​​powder and Bacillus subtilis WSWFJ46 powder were mixed uniformly at a weight ratio of 1.2:0.6:0.2 to obtain microbial powder; Preparation of organic fertilizer: 80-85 parts of rape straw, 9-12 parts of oil cake, 6-8 parts of smoke foam, 2-3 parts of urea and 0.3-0.5 parts of fermentation and decomposition bacteria agent are fermented to obtain organic fertilizer; Microbial compound fertilizer: 25-26 parts of the organic fertilizer, 0.2-0.5 parts of the microbial powder, 26 parts of diammonium phosphate, 32 parts of potassium nitrate, 10 parts of potassium sulfate, 0.5 parts of ammonium heptamolybdate, 5 parts of anhydrous borax and 0.1-0.5 parts of fertilizer additives are mixed to obtain the microbial compound fertilizer; The fertilizer additive includes one or more of agricultural chitin, gamma-aminobutyric acid or polyglutamic acid.

6. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The effective live bacteria count in the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens YWF-17-0001 powder, the Bacillus subtilis WSWFJ-20 ​​powder and the Bacillus subtilis WSWFJ46 powder is not less than 1×10 10 / g; The deposit number of the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens YWF-17-0001 is CGMCC No.23617; The deposit number of the Bacillus subtilis WSWFJ-20 ​​is CGMCC No.18265; The deposit number of the Bacillus subtilis WSWFJ46 is CGMCC No.20145.

7. Application of the microbial compound fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 4 in any one of the following: (1) Application in improving the total nitrogen, nicotine content and nitrogen-alkali ratio coordination of flue-cured tobacco leaves; (2) Application in increasing the yield, output value, average price and proportion of high-quality flue-cured tobacco; (3) Application in increasing the length, width, area and chlorophyll content of flue-cured tobacco leaves; (4) Application in improving nitrogen utilization efficiency of flue-cured tobacco.

8. A method for improving the total nitrogen, nicotine content and nitrogen-alkali ratio coordination of flue-cured tobacco leaves, characterized in that: The method comprises the step of applying the microbial compound fertilizer according to claim 1 to flue-cured tobacco.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that The microbial compound fertilizer is applied as base fertilizer at a rate of 600 kg / hm 2 -900kg / hm 2 .

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