Intelligent tunnel excavation trolley and construction method

Abstract

The invention provides an intelligent tunnel excavation trolley and a construction method, and relates to the field of tunnel construction. According to the intelligent tunnel excavation trolley and the construction method, the intelligent tunnel excavation trolley comprises a platform structure, an arch frame and a fixing frame installed on the platform structure, the platform structure is used for stretching out, drawing back and moving, a fixed pulley is installed above the fixing frame, a winding wheel is rotatably installed at one end of the fixing frame, a rope is installed on the outer surface of the winding wheel, and the rope is in lap joint with the fixed pulley; according to the intelligent tunnel excavation trolley and the construction method, the arch frame is hoisted through the multiple clamps, time and labor are saved, the working efficiency is improved, through the arranged hydraulic traction mechanism, when any clamp deviates, hydraulic oil circularly flows in the multiple hydraulic chambers, the pipeline A and the pipeline B in sequence, and the working efficiency is improved. And the pressure applied to the hydraulic oil in the three hydraulic chambers reaches a balanced state, so that the forces applied to the sealing rods by the pistons are equal, and the lagging jack is more stable in the pulling process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of tunnel construction, and in particular to an intelligent tunnel excavation trolley and a construction method. Background Art

[0002] Tunnel construction refers to the process of digging and constructing tunnel structures in mountains, underground or underwater environments through a series of engineering and technical means. Its purpose is to form underground passages for vehicles, pedestrians, railways, pipelines, etc. In tunnel construction, arch frames are an important component of initial support. After tunnel excavation, the original stress balance of the surrounding rock is broken, the surrounding rock will deform and may even collapse. The arch frames are installed on the arch and part of the side walls of the tunnel. Its arc-shaped structure can effectively convert the surrounding rock pressure into axial pressure. By cooperating with anchor rods, steel mesh and shotcrete, a comprehensive support system is formed to jointly maintain the stability of the tunnel surrounding rock. The shape of the arch frame is made according to the contour of the tunnel design. During the installation process, the arch frame is accurately fitted to the corresponding position of the tunnel excavation surface, which can control and position the contour of the tunnel, which helps to ensure that the excavation size of the tunnel meets the design requirements and avoid over-excavation or under-excavation.

[0003] The arch frame is generally made of materials such as I-beams or grating steel, and has a certain weight and size. For example, a common I-beam arch frame may be several meters long and heavy. During the installation process, sufficient manpower is required to lift, carry and position these heavier components. Due to their irregular shape and large size, it is difficult for one or a few people to complete the operation, so 9-11 people are required to work at the same time. Moreover, during the installation process, the position and angle of the arch frame need to be precisely controlled to make it fit closely with the contour of the tunnel. This requires multiple people to operate from different directions, just like moving a large, complex-shaped object. Unbalanced force in any direction may cause the arch frame to fail to be installed correctly, so more manpower collaboration is required.

[0004] At present, the traditional arch frame installation method mainly relies on manual operation, and 9-11 people are usually required to work simultaneously during the installation. Since the arch frame is generally made of I-beams or grating steel and is heavy, operators need to rely on manpower to carry, lift and accurately install it, which consumes a lot of physical strength. Under long-term and high-intensity work, manpower can easily reach its limit, and the accuracy of operation will be affected. The limitations of the working environment will also increase the labor intensity. Moreover, due to the high labor intensity, workers are prone to fatigue and may need to rest frequently, which will lead to reduced work efficiency. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides an intelligent tunnel excavation trolley and a construction method, which solve the problems of high labor intensity and easy fatigue of workers.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: a tunnel intelligent excavation trolley and construction method, comprising a platform structure, an arch frame and a fixed frame installed on the platform structure, the platform structure is used for extension and movement, a fixed pulley is installed above the fixed frame, a winding wheel is rotatably installed at one end of the fixed frame, a rope is installed on the outer surface of the winding wheel, the rope is overlapped with the fixed pulley, a fixed block is installed at the other end of the rope, a hydraulic traction mechanism is installed on one side of the fixed block, a clamp for grabbing the arch frame is installed at one end of the hydraulic traction mechanism, and a limit frame for positioning the arch frame is provided at the bottom of the arch frame;

[0007] The hydraulic traction mechanism includes a plurality of hydraulic chambers, a plurality of pistons, a plurality of sealing rods and a plurality of traction ropes. Every two adjacent hydraulic chambers are connected by a connecting pipe. The hydraulic oil in the hydraulic traction mechanism flows unidirectionally in the plurality of hydraulic chambers and the plurality of connecting pipes. The plurality of pistons are respectively slidably connected to the plurality of hydraulic chambers. The plurality of sealing rods respectively penetrate the plurality of hydraulic chambers and are slidably connected to the hydraulic chambers. The sealing rods are fixedly connected to the pistons. The two ends of the traction rope are respectively fixedly connected to the fixed block and the hydraulic chamber.

[0008] Preferably, the connecting pipe includes several pipes A and pipes B, each pipe A is installed with a one-way valve inside, both ends of each pipe A are connected to the hydraulic chamber adjacent to it, and pipe B is connected to the two outermost hydraulic chambers.

[0009] Preferably, the platform structure includes a plurality of brackets, a plurality of sleeves, a plurality of telescopic arms, a main platform and a plurality of sub-platforms. The plurality of brackets are fixed to each other by connecting plates, the main platform is fixedly connected to the plurality of brackets, a plurality of sleeves are respectively slidably connected to the pillars of the plurality of brackets, a plurality of telescopic arms are respectively hinged to the plurality of brackets, and their output ends are respectively fixed to the plurality of sleeves, and the plurality of sleeves are respectively fixedly connected to the plurality of sub-platforms by tripods.

[0010] Preferably, a crawler-type walking device is installed at the bottom of several of the brackets.

[0011] Preferably, a pulley frame is fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the fixed frame, and the fixed pulley is rotatably connected to the pulley frame.

[0012] Preferably, the clamp includes a fixed part, two inclined brackets, two rotating rods, two groups of rotating parts, two groups of fixed shafts, two moving parts, a fixed plate, two fixed rods, a push rod and a pull ring. The two rotating rods are both rotatably connected to the fixed part and are respectively fixedly connected to the two brackets. The two rotating rods are respectively fixedly connected to the two groups of rotating parts. The two groups of fixed shafts are respectively rotatably connected to the two rotating parts and are respectively slidably connected to the two moving parts. The two fixed rods are respectively fixedly connected to the two moving parts and are both fixedly connected to the fixed plate. The push rod is slidably connected to the fixed part and fixedly connected to the fixed plate. The push rod is fixedly connected to the pull ring, and the pull ring is fixedly connected to the sealing rod close to it by a pull rope.

[0013] Preferably, the limiting frame includes two supporting frames arranged at the bottom of the arch frame, the supporting frames are T-shaped, and the longitudinal frames of the supporting frames are arc-shaped.

[0014] Preferably, one end of the support frame is hinged with an arc-shaped baffle through an elastic hinge, a cavity is provided inside the support frame, a limit plate is slidably connected in the cavity, a sliding rod is slidably connected in the support frame, the sliding rod is fixedly connected to the limit plate, and a spring is fixedly connected between the inner wall of the cavity and the limit plate.

[0015] Preferably, a plurality of telescopic rods are fixedly mounted on one end of the fixing frame, and one end of the telescopic rods is fixedly connected to the supporting frame.

[0016] A construction method of an intelligent tunnel excavation trolley comprises the following steps:

[0017] S1: Site leveling and foundation treatment: Level the tunnel entrance and exit and the construction site inside the tunnel, remove obstacles, ensure the smooth passage of the crawler trolley, and reinforce the weak foundation, such as laying a gravel cushion layer, pouring a concrete foundation, etc., to ensure the stability of the trolley during walking and operation;

[0018] S2: Surveying and setting out: Using high-precision surveying instruments such as total stations, according to the tunnel design drawings, control reference lines such as the tunnel center line, excavation contour line, arch installation position line, etc. are laid out in the tunnel, and stable survey control points are set up to provide accurate coordinate basis for trolley positioning and construction;

[0019] S3: Equipment debugging and inspection: After the intelligent excavation trolley enters the site, it is comprehensively debugged and inspected, including checking the track tension of the crawler walking device, the operation of the driving wheel, the driven wheel and the supporting wheel; testing the telescopic function of the platform's self-telescopic system; inspecting the flexibility of the mechanical arm movement and the reliability of the clamping device of the mechanized arch frame platform; checking the camera clarity and video transmission stability of the video surveillance system. At the same time, the hydraulic system and electrical system of the trolley are pressure tested and insulation tested to ensure that all parts of the equipment perform well and can operate normally.

[0020] S4: Material preparation: According to the construction design requirements, prepare sufficient explosives, detonators, arch materials (such as steel, steel mesh), and connecting bolts, and store them in designated safe locations by category, taking moisture-proof, fire-proof, and explosion-proof measures;

[0021] S5: The trolley drives into position: The operator remotely controls the crawler-type intelligent excavation trolley to drive along the tunnel into the predetermined working area near the heading face. During the driving process, the operator pays attention to the space conditions in the tunnel to avoid collision with the tunnel wall and the initial support structure, and uses the platform's self-retractable system to adjust to the appropriate position;

[0022] S6: The control system sets the extension length and lifting height of the platform structure, and the hydraulic cylinder drives the telescopic arm to extend or retract according to the command. The sensor monitors the distance between the platform structure and the surrounding rock in real time, and feeds the data back to the control system. The control system automatically adjusts the action of the hydraulic cylinder to ensure that the platform always stays within the safe range, achieving high-precision operation posture control;

[0023] S7: The crawler travel device consists of crawler tracks, driving wheels, driven wheels, supporting rollers, tensioning devices and travel motors. The travel motor is rotated by the driving wheels, and the friction between the crawler tracks and the ground drives the entire trolley forward, backward or turns. The crawler tracks are made of high-strength and wear-resistant materials. The supporting rollers are evenly distributed under the crawler tracks to bear the weight of the trolley and ensure its smooth operation.

[0024] S8: The video monitoring system consists of multiple high-definition cameras, video transmission lines, video switchers and monitoring display screens. Cameras are installed on the tunnel face, key parts of the trolley and surrounding areas. The cameras transmit the collected video signals to the monitoring display screen through the transmission lines. The video switcher can realize the switching of different camera images and multi-screen display, which is convenient for operators to fully observe the construction situation. The monitoring display screen is set in a safe location away from the tunnel face, such as an information room. Operators can view the video images in real time, keep abreast of the construction dynamics and conduct remote command and control.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: the rope can use the fixed pulley as a fulcrum to lift the arch frame through a plurality of clamps, which saves time and effort and improves work efficiency; through the provided hydraulic traction mechanism, when any one of the clamps is offset, the hydraulic oil circulates in a plurality of hydraulic chambers, pipeline A and pipeline B in turn until the pressure of the hydraulic oil in the three hydraulic chambers reaches a balanced state, thereby making the forces applied by a plurality of pistons to a plurality of sealing rods respectively equal, so that the clamp can evenly apply force to the arch frame, making the process of lifting the arch frame more stable; through the provided one-way valve, the hydraulic oil can circulate in a single direction in a plurality of hydraulic chambers, pipeline A and pipeline B in turn, making the flow of the hydraulic oil more stable, reducing the turbulence of the hydraulic oil during the flow, thereby preventing the unstable flow of the hydraulic oil. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the platform structure of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the crawler-type walking device of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention before the arch frame is hoisted;

[0029] Figure 4 A top view of the arch and the clamp of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure enlargement in the middle;

[0031] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of the clamp of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 7 A cross-sectional view showing the structure of the present invention when the fixed part and the rotating part are in conflict

[0033] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the support structure of the present invention;

[0034] Fig. 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the baffle after folding in the present invention;

[0035] Fig.10 It is a cross-sectional view of the schematic structural diagram of the baffle after being folded.

[0036] Among them: 1. platform structure; 101. bracket; 102. sleeve; 103. telescopic arm; 104. main platform; 105. sub-platform; 106. pillar; 2. arch frame; 3. fixed frame; 4. fixed pulley; 5. winding wheel; 6. rope; 7. fixed block; 8. hydraulic traction mechanism; 801. hydraulic chamber; 802. piston; 803. sealing rod; 804. traction rope; 9. clamp; 901. fixing part; 902. bracket; 903. rotating part; 904. moving part; 905. fixing plate; 906. pull ring; 10. limit frame; 11. crawler walking device; 12. support frame; 13. baffle; 14. limit plate; 15. slide rod; 16. telescopic rod; 171. pipeline A; 172. pipeline B; 173. one-way valve; 18. roller. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] like Figure 1-Figure 10As shown, a tunnel intelligent excavation trolley and construction method include a platform structure 1, an arch frame 2 and a fixed frame 3 installed on the platform structure 1, the platform structure 1 includes a plurality of brackets 101, a plurality of sleeves 102, a plurality of telescopic arms 103, a main platform 104 and a plurality of sub-platforms 105, the plurality of brackets 101 are fixed by connecting plates, the main platform 104 is fixedly connected to the plurality of brackets 101, the plurality of sleeves 102 are respectively slidably connected to the pillars 106 of the plurality of brackets 101, the plurality of telescopic arms 103 are respectively hinged to the plurality of brackets 101, and the output ends thereof are respectively fixed to the plurality of sleeves 102, the plurality of sleeves 102 are respectively fixedly connected to the plurality of sub-platforms 105 through tripods, and the telescopic arms 103 are respectively connected to the plurality of brackets 101. The sleeve 102 can be controlled to rise and fall along the pillar 106 of the bracket 101, so that the height of the sub-platform 105 can be adjusted, which improves the flexibility of the platform structure 1. The main platform 104 and several sub-platforms 105 can be used to support operators. A crawler walking device 11 is installed at the bottom of several brackets 101, a pulley frame is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the fixed frame 3, and the fixed pulley 4 is rotatably connected to the pulley frame. One end of the fixed frame 3 is fixedly installed with several telescopic rods 16, and one end of the telescopic rod 16 is fixedly connected to the support frame 12. The platform structure 1 is used for telescoping and moving, and a fixed pulley 4 is installed above the fixed frame 3. A winding wheel 5 is rotatably installed at one end of the fixed frame 3. A rope 6 is installed on the outer surface of the winding wheel 5, and the rope 6 is overlapped with the fixed pulley 4 A fixed block 7 is installed at the other end of the rope 6, and a hydraulic traction mechanism 8 is installed on one side of the fixed block 7. A clamp 9 for grabbing the arch frame 2 is installed at one end of the hydraulic traction mechanism 8. The clamp 9 includes a fixed part 901, two inclined brackets 902, two rotating rods, two groups of rotating parts 903, two groups of fixed shafts, two moving parts 904, a fixed plate 905, two fixed rods, a push rod and a pull ring 906. The two rotating rods are rotatably connected to the fixed part 901 and are respectively fixedly connected to the two brackets 902. The two rotating rods are respectively fixedly connected to the two groups of rotating parts 903. The two groups of fixed shafts are respectively rotatably connected to the two rotating parts 903 and are respectively slidably connected to the two moving parts 904. The two fixed rods are respectively fixed to the two moving parts 904 The push rod is connected and both are fixedly connected to the fixing plate 905. The push rod is slidably connected to the fixing piece 901 and is fixedly connected to the fixing plate 905. The push rod is fixedly connected to the pull ring 906. The pull ring 906 is fixedly connected to the sealing rod 803 close to it by a pull rope. A limit frame 10 for positioning the arch frame 2 is provided at the bottom of the arch frame 2. The limit frame 10 includes two support frames 12 arranged at the bottom of the arch frame 2. The support frame 12 is T-shaped. The longitudinal frame of the support frame 12 is arc-shaped. A roller 18 is installed at the bottom of the support frame 12. The support frame 12 can move toward the direction close to the fixing frame 3 through the roller 18. One end of the support frame 12 is hinged with an arc-shaped baffle 13 through an elastic hinge. A cavity is provided inside the support frame 12, and a limit plate 14 is slidably connected in the cavity.A slide bar 15 is slidably connected inside the support frame 12, and the slide bar 15 is fixedly connected to the limit plate 14. A spring is fixedly connected between the inner wall of the cavity and the limit plate 14.

[0038] The hydraulic traction mechanism 8 includes a plurality of hydraulic chambers 801, a plurality of pistons 802, a plurality of sealing rods 803 and a plurality of traction ropes 804. Every two adjacent hydraulic chambers 801 are connected through a connecting pipe. The connecting pipe includes a plurality of pipes A171 and pipes B172. A one-way valve 173 is installed inside each pipe A171. Both ends of each pipe A171 are connected to the adjacent hydraulic chamber 801. The pipe B172 is connected to the two outermost hydraulic chambers 801. The pipes A171 and B172 are connected to each other. 2 are all hoses. The hydraulic oil in the hydraulic traction mechanism 8 flows unidirectionally in a plurality of hydraulic chambers 801 and a plurality of connecting pipes. A plurality of pistons 802 are slidably connected to the plurality of hydraulic chambers 801 respectively. A plurality of sealing rods 803 respectively penetrate the plurality of hydraulic chambers 801 and are slidably connected to the hydraulic chambers 801. A sealing arrangement is provided at the intersection of the sealing rod 803 and the hydraulic chamber 801 to prevent the hydraulic oil from overflowing. The sealing rod 803 is fixedly connected to the piston 802. Both ends of the traction rope 804 are fixedly connected to the fixed block 7 and the hydraulic chamber 801 respectively.

[0039] A construction method of a tunnel intelligent excavation trolley comprises the following steps:

[0040] S1: Site leveling and foundation treatment: Level the tunnel entrance and exit and the construction site inside the tunnel, remove obstacles, ensure the smooth passage of the crawler trolley, and reinforce the weak foundation, such as laying a gravel cushion layer, pouring a concrete foundation, etc., to ensure the stability of the trolley during walking and operation;

[0041] S2: Surveying and setting out: Using high-precision surveying instruments such as total stations, according to the tunnel design drawings, control reference lines such as the tunnel center line, excavation contour line, and arch frame 2 installation position line are laid out in the tunnel, and stable survey control points are set to provide accurate coordinate basis for trolley positioning and construction;

[0042] S3: Equipment debugging and inspection: After the intelligent excavation trolley enters the site, it is comprehensively debugged and inspected, including checking the track tension of the crawler walking device 11, the operation of the driving wheel, driven wheel and supporting wheel; testing the telescopic function of the platform's self-telescopic system; inspecting the flexibility of the mechanical arm movement and the reliability of the clamping device of the mechanized arch frame 2 platform; checking the camera clarity and video transmission stability of the video surveillance system. At the same time, the hydraulic system and electrical system of the trolley are pressure tested and insulation tested to ensure that all parts of the equipment perform well and can operate normally.

[0043] S4: Material preparation: According to the construction design requirements, prepare enough explosives, detonators, arch frame 2 materials such as steel, steel mesh, and connecting bolts, and store them in designated safe locations by category, taking moisture-proof, fire-proof, and explosion-proof measures;

[0044] S5: The trolley drives into position: The operator remotely controls the crawler-type intelligent excavation trolley to drive along the tunnel into the predetermined working area near the heading face. During the driving process, the operator pays attention to the space conditions in the tunnel to avoid collision with the tunnel wall and the initial support structure, and uses the platform's self-retractable system to adjust to the appropriate position;

[0045] S6: The extension length and lifting height of the platform structure 1 are set through the control system, and the telescopic arm 103 is driven to extend or retract according to the command through the hydraulic cylinder. The distance between the platform structure 1 and the surrounding rock is monitored in real time through the sensor, and the data is fed back to the control system. The control system automatically adjusts the action of the hydraulic cylinder to ensure that the platform is always kept within the safety range, and realizes high-precision operation posture control;

[0046] S7: The crawler-type traveling device 11 is composed of crawlers, driving wheels, driven wheels, supporting rollers, a tensioning device and a traveling motor. The traveling motor is rotated by the driving wheel, and the friction between the crawlers and the ground drives the entire trolley to move forward, backward or turn. The crawlers are made of high-strength and wear-resistant materials, have good grounding performance and passability, and can adapt to various complex terrain conditions in the tunnel. The supporting rollers are evenly distributed under the crawlers, bear the weight of the trolley and ensure its smooth operation. The tightness of the crawlers can be adjusted by the tensioning device to ensure that the crawlers are always in the best working condition;

[0047] S8: The video monitoring system consists of multiple high-definition cameras, video transmission lines, video switchers and monitoring display screens. Cameras are installed on the tunnel face, key parts of the trolley and surrounding areas. The cameras transmit the collected video signals to the monitoring display screen through the transmission lines. The video switcher can realize the switching of different camera images and multi-screen display, which is convenient for operators to fully observe the construction situation. The monitoring display screen is set in a safe location away from the tunnel face, such as an information room. Operators can view the video images in real time, keep abreast of the construction dynamics and conduct remote command and control.

[0048] When in use, first install the platform structure 1 on the crawler walking device 11, then fix the fixing frame 3 on one side of the platform structure 1, and then place the two support frames 12 and the baffle 13 at the bottom of the two ends of the arch frame 2 respectively. At this time, the arch frame 2 is placed upside down and can be directly welded into one piece in the tunnel. The planes of the support frames 12 and the baffle 13 are used to support the two ends of the arch frame 2. The two ends of the arch frame 2 are against the longitudinal frames of the support frames 12, and then several clamps 9 are placed at one end of the arch frame 2, which should be the end away from the fixing frame 3. When the clamps 9 are placed in the arch frame 2, due to the inclined arrangement of the two brackets 902, when the bracket 902 touches the main reinforcement of the arch frame 2, the bracket 902 will be offset until the bracket 902 completely enters the arch frame 2, and then the arc surface of the bracket 902 is against the main reinforcement of the arch frame 2. At this time, the bracket 902 should be restored to the state as shown in the figure. Figure 6 and Figure 7 The winding wheel 5 is controlled to rotate by an external motor, and the rope 6 is wound around the winding wheel 5. The fixed pulley 4 supports the top of the rope 6. The rope 6 starts to pull the hydraulic traction mechanism 8 to move. The hydraulic traction mechanism 8 pulls the pull ring 906 of the clamp 9 through the sealing rod 803 to move. The pull ring 906 drives the fixed plate 905 to move. The fixed plate 905 drives the two fixed rods to move. The two fixed rods drive the moving member 904 to move. Figure 7 As shown, until the moving member 904 abuts against the raised portion of the fixing member 901, the two brackets 902 of the clamp 9 are at the maximum tilt angle, and the two brackets 902 abut against the main reinforcement of the arch frame 2. With the continuous pulling of the rope 6, the longitudinal frame of the support frame 12 abuts against the arch frame 2, and the end of the arch frame 2 close to the clamp 9 is pulled up, until the arch frame 2 is pulled from the horizontal state to the longitudinal state. At this time, as shown in FIG. Fig. 9 and Fig.10As shown, under the action of the spring, the limit plate 14 is pushed out by the spring and supports the baffle 13, so that the baffle 13 rotates, and the baffle 13 contacts the other side of the arch frame 2, and the limit plate 14 can resist the bottom of the baffle 13 to prevent the baffle 13 from rotating again due to the reaction force of the arch frame 2, so that the two support plates can clamp and limit the two ends of the arch frame 2 respectively. When the clamp 9 is removed, the arch frame 2 can also be in a vertical state, and the staff can climb onto the main platform 104 or the sub-platform 105 of the platform structure 1 for construction. Yes, the traditional excavation trolley does not have the ability to walk on its own and needs to be towed mechanically. However, the intelligent excavation trolley for this tunnel carries its own power, walks on tracks, has significant climbing ability, moves quickly, is much more flexible, has significantly improved work efficiency, and accelerates the connection between processes. In addition, the traditional excavation trolley requires 9-11 people to work at the same time, and the arch frame 2 needs to be operated manually. Manpower is limited and beyond one's ability, the labor intensity is high, and the safety risk is high. However, the intelligent excavation trolley for this tunnel only requires 5-6 people to operate during construction. The clamp 9 is used to grab the arch frame 2 during the entire construction process, and the frame assembly and welding processes are seamlessly connected, saving time and improving efficiency.

[0049] Next, when the clamp 9 grabs the arch frame 2 and rotates it from the horizontal state to the vertical state, it should be noted that the bracket 902 of the clamp 9 should be in contact with the two arc-shaped main ribs at the top of the horizontal state arch frame 2, which is convenient for the installation and disassembly of the clamp 9 and for applying force when pulling the arch frame 2, thereby reducing the burden on the motor; since the bracket 902 of the clamp 9 and the main ribs of the arch frame 2 are not fixed, the clamp 9 applies a large force to the arch frame 2 during this process, and the bracket 902 is easily offset along the main ribs of the arch frame 2, making it difficult for several sealing rods 803 to apply force evenly, thereby easily causing one or more of the sealing rods 803 to be deformed. The force exerted on the arch frame 2 is relatively large, so that the arch frame 2 is prone to deflection during the process of pulling the arch frame 2. Through the hydraulic traction mechanism 8, when any one of the clamps 9 deflects, the force between the corresponding sealing rod 803 and the piston 802 will change. Since each hydraulic chamber 801 and the connecting pipe are filled with hydraulic oil, when one of the pistons 802 is subjected to a smaller force, the remaining pistons 802 will press the hydraulic oil in the corresponding hydraulic chamber 801 to transport the hydraulic oil to the pipeline A171. The hydraulic oil circulates in several hydraulic chambers 801, pipeline A171 and pipeline B172 in turn until The pressure of the hydraulic oil in the three hydraulic chambers 801 reaches a balanced state, so that the forces applied by the several pistons 802 to the several sealing rods 803 are equal, so that the clamp 9 can evenly apply force to the arch frame 2 to prevent the arch frame 2 from being unevenly stressed and causing an unstable pulling process. Through the one-way valve 173, the hydraulic oil can circulate in one direction in the several hydraulic chambers 801, the pipeline A171 and the pipeline B172 in turn, making the flow of the hydraulic oil more stable, reducing the turbulence of the hydraulic oil during the flow process, thereby preventing the unstable flow of the hydraulic oil. It should be noted that The traditional installation method of the arch frame 2 mainly relies on manual operation, and 9-11 people are usually required to work simultaneously during the installation. Since the arch frame 2 is generally made of I-beams or grating steel and is heavy, operators need to rely on manpower to carry, lift and accurately install it, which consumes a lot of physical strength. Under long-term and high-intensity operations, manpower can easily reach its limit, and the accuracy of operation will be affected. The limitations of the working environment will also increase the labor intensity. Moreover, due to the high labor intensity, workers are prone to fatigue and may need to rest frequently, which will lead to reduced work efficiency. The present device can use the fixed pulley 4 as a fulcrum to lift the arch frame 2, saving time and effort and improving work efficiency.

[0050] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A tunnel intelligent excavation trolley, comprising a platform structure (1), an arch frame (2) and a fixed frame (3) mounted on the platform structure (1), characterized in that: The platform structure (1) is used for extension and movement, a fixed pulley (4) is installed above the fixed frame (3), a winding wheel (5) is rotatably installed at one end of the fixed frame (3), a rope (6) is installed on the outer surface of the winding wheel (5), the rope (6) is overlapped with the fixed pulley (4), a fixed block (7) is installed at the other end of the rope (6), a hydraulic traction mechanism (8) is installed on one side of the fixed block (7), a clamp (9) for grabbing the arch frame (2) is installed at one end of the hydraulic traction mechanism (8), and a limit frame (10) for positioning the arch frame (2) is provided at the bottom of the arch frame (2); The hydraulic traction mechanism (8) comprises a plurality of hydraulic chambers (801), a plurality of pistons (802), a plurality of sealing rods (803) and a plurality of traction ropes (804). Every two adjacent hydraulic chambers (801) are connected via a connecting pipe. The hydraulic oil in the hydraulic traction mechanism (8) flows unidirectionally in the plurality of hydraulic chambers (801) and the plurality of connecting pipes. The plurality of pistons (802) are respectively slidably connected to the plurality of hydraulic chambers (801). The plurality of sealing rods (803) respectively penetrate the plurality of hydraulic chambers (801) and are slidably connected to the hydraulic chambers (801). The sealing rods (803) are fixedly connected to the pistons (802). The two ends of the traction rope (804) are respectively fixedly connected to the fixed block (7) and the hydraulic chamber (801).

2. The intelligent tunnel excavation trolley according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connecting pipe comprises a plurality of pipes A (171) and pipes B (172). A one-way valve (173) is installed inside each pipe A (171). Both ends of each pipe A (171) are connected to the hydraulic chamber (801) adjacent thereto, and the pipe B (172) is connected to the two outermost hydraulic chambers (801).

3. The intelligent tunnel excavation trolley according to claim 1, characterized in that: The platform structure (1) comprises a plurality of brackets (101), a plurality of sleeves (102), a plurality of telescopic arms (103), a main platform (104) and a plurality of sub-platforms (105); the plurality of brackets (101) are fixed to each other via a connecting plate; the main platform (104) is fixedly connected to the plurality of brackets (101); the plurality of sleeves (102) are respectively slidably connected to pillars (106) of the plurality of brackets (101); the plurality of telescopic arms (103) are respectively hinged to the plurality of brackets (101); the output ends of the telescopic arms (103) are respectively fixed to the plurality of sleeves (102); and the plurality of sleeves (102) are respectively fixedly connected to the plurality of sub-platforms (105) via a tripod.

4. The intelligent tunnel excavation trolley according to claim 3, characterized in that: A crawler-type walking device (11) is installed at the bottom of a plurality of the brackets (101).

5. The intelligent tunnel excavation trolley according to claim 1, characterized in that: A pulley frame is fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the fixed frame (3), and the fixed pulley (4) is rotatably connected to the pulley frame.

6. The intelligent tunnel excavation trolley according to claim 1, characterized in that: The clamp (9) comprises a fixing member (901), two inclined brackets (902), two rotating rods, two groups of rotating members (903), two groups of fixed shafts, two moving members (904), a fixing plate (905), two fixing rods, a push rod and a pull ring (906). The two rotating rods are both rotatably connected to the fixing member (901) and are respectively fixedly connected to the two brackets (902). The two rotating rods are respectively fixedly connected to the two groups of rotating members (903). The two groups of fixed shafts are respectively rotatably connected to the two rotating members (903) and are respectively slidably connected to the two moving members (904). The two fixing rods are respectively fixedly connected to the two moving members (904) and are both fixedly connected to the fixing plate (905). The push rod is slidably connected to the fixing member (901) and is fixedly connected to the fixing plate (905). The push rod is fixedly connected to the pull ring (906). The pull ring (906) is fixedly connected to the sealing rod (803) adjacent to it via a pull rope.

7. The intelligent tunnel excavation trolley according to claim 1, characterized in that: The limiting frame (10) comprises two supporting frames (12) arranged at the bottom of the arch frame (2); the supporting frames (12) are in a T shape, and the longitudinal frames of the supporting frames (12) are in an arc shape.

8. The intelligent tunnel excavation trolley according to claim 7, characterized in that: One end of the support frame (12) is hinged with an arc-shaped baffle (13) through an elastic hinge, a cavity is provided inside the support frame (12), a limit plate (14) is slidably connected inside the cavity, a slide rod (15) is slidably connected inside the support frame (12), the slide rod (15) is fixedly connected to the limit plate (14), and a spring is fixedly connected between the inner wall of the cavity and the limit plate (14).

9. The intelligent tunnel excavation trolley according to claim 7, characterized in that: A plurality of telescopic rods (16) are fixedly mounted on one end of the fixing frame (3), and one end of the telescopic rod (16) is fixedly connected to the supporting frame (12).

10. A construction method of an intelligent tunnel excavation trolley, characterized in that: The intelligent tunnel excavation trolley according to any one of claims 1 to 9 comprises the following steps: S1: Site leveling and foundation treatment: Level the tunnel entrance and exit and the construction site inside the tunnel, remove obstacles, ensure the smooth passage of the crawler trolley, and reinforce the weak foundation, such as laying a gravel cushion layer, pouring a concrete foundation, etc., to ensure the stability of the trolley during walking and operation; S2: Surveying and setting out: Using high-precision surveying instruments such as total stations, according to the tunnel design drawings, control reference lines such as the tunnel center line, excavation contour line, arch frame (2) installation position line, etc. are laid out in the tunnel, and stable survey control points are set up to provide accurate coordinate basis for trolley positioning and construction; S3: Equipment debugging and inspection: After the intelligent excavation trolley enters the site, it is comprehensively debugged and inspected, including checking the track tension of the crawler walking device (11), the operation of the driving wheel, driven wheel and supporting wheel; testing the telescopic function of the platform's self-retractable system; inspecting the flexibility of the mechanical arm movement and the reliability of the clamping device of the mechanized arch frame (2) platform; checking the camera clarity and video transmission stability of the video monitoring system; at the same time, the hydraulic system and electrical system of the trolley are pressure tested and insulation tested to ensure that all parts of the equipment are in good performance and can operate normally; S4: Material preparation: According to the construction design requirements, prepare sufficient explosives, detonators, arch frame (2) materials (such as steel, steel mesh), and connecting bolts, and store them in a designated safe place by category, taking moisture-proof, fire-proof, and explosion-proof measures; S5: The trolley drives into position: The operator remotely controls the crawler-type intelligent excavation trolley to drive along the tunnel into the predetermined working area near the heading face. During the driving process, the operator pays attention to the space conditions in the tunnel to avoid collision with the tunnel wall and the initial support structure, and uses the platform's self-retractable system to adjust to the appropriate position; S6: The control system sets the extension length and lifting height of the platform structure (1), and the hydraulic cylinder drives the telescopic arm (103) to extend or retract according to the command. The sensor monitors the distance between the platform structure (1) and the surrounding rock in real time, and feeds the data back to the control system. The control system automatically adjusts the action of the hydraulic cylinder to ensure that the platform always remains within a safe range, thereby achieving high-precision operation posture control; S7: The crawler-type traveling device (11) is composed of a crawler, a driving wheel, a driven wheel, a supporting roller, a tensioning device and a traveling motor. The traveling motor is rotated by the driving wheel, and the friction between the crawler and the ground drives the entire trolley to move forward, backward or turn. The crawler is made of high-strength and wear-resistant materials. The supporting rollers are evenly distributed under the crawler to bear the weight of the trolley and ensure its smooth operation. S8: The video monitoring system consists of multiple high-definition cameras, video transmission lines, video switchers and monitoring display screens. Cameras are installed on the tunnel face, key parts of the trolley and surrounding areas. The cameras transmit the collected video signals to the monitoring display screen through the transmission lines. The video switcher can realize the switching of different camera images and multi-screen display, which is convenient for operators to fully observe the construction situation. The monitoring display screen is set in a safe location away from the tunnel face, such as an information room. Operators can view the video images in real time, keep abreast of the construction dynamics and conduct remote command and control.

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