A distributed battery module for electric vehicles

Abstract

The present invention specifically relates to a distributed battery module for electric vehicles with long life and high safety; it includes multiple battery packs; the battery packs are divided into a type I battery pack, a type II battery pack, and a type III battery pack; the type I battery pack is cooled by forced water cooling. Since the type I battery pack is only used to power a vehicle drive motor, its volume is greatly reduced compared to a traditional vehicle power battery pack, and it can be installed coaxially and side by side with the drive motor, saving space, and at the same time, the drive motor can also be water-cooled, thereby improving the heat dissipation efficiency of the drive motor; the output power of the type II battery pack is relatively constant, and it can be effectively cooled by air cooling; the output power of the type III battery pack is relatively small, and no forced cooling is required, and only natural cooling is required; the cooling efficiency of the battery is improved, and the energy consumption of the cooling system is reduced; different battery packs are dispersedly installed on the axle, the engine compartment, and the interior of the vehicle, making the overall size of the electric vehicle more compact.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of electric vehicles, and in particular to a distributed battery module for electric vehicles. Background Art

[0002] At present, there are two common structures of power supply battery packs for electric vehicles. One is a single battery with a larger size similar to the structure of a lead-acid battery, and one single battery supplies power to a drive motor, an air conditioner, an on-board multimedia device, etc.; the second is a combined battery composed of multiple batteries connected in series or in parallel, and the combined battery supplies power to multiple electrical devices; however, in the prior art, the above two types of batteries are usually arranged in the same position, such as in the engine compartment of the car, or on the chassis longitudinal beam under the seat. Even the combined battery supplies power to multiple power supply devices at the same time, and the power and power consumption time of the electrical devices on the electric vehicle vary greatly. If a group of batteries is used to supply power to multiple devices at the same time, all the single batteries in the group of batteries need to consider the worst power consumption situation, which also leads to the design of the battery cooling system, monitoring system and control system of the electric vehicle is very complicated. In fact, the power supply of some auxiliary electrical devices is relatively simple. The power consumption mode and structure of the combined battery can be optimized accordingly for such a situation to simplify the structure of the corresponding battery cooling, monitoring and control system. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of the above problems, the object of the present invention is to provide a distributed battery module for electric vehicles which is light in weight and has good energy-saving effect.

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned invention object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a distributed battery module for electric vehicles, the distributed battery module comprising a plurality of battery packs installed on the electric vehicle;

[0005] Battery packs are divided into Class I, Class II, and Class III battery packs according to different power supply equipment;

[0006] Class I battery packs are battery packs whose output power increases significantly with the increase of vehicle speed. Class II and Class III battery packs are battery packs whose output power does not change significantly with the change of vehicle speed. Class I and Class II battery packs are always in power supply state after the vehicle is started, and Class III battery packs can be turned on and off by the driver.

[0007] The battery packs described in the first category include: a main power battery pack for supplying power to a vehicle drive motor, a cooling system power supply battery pack for supplying power to a forced water cooling circulation device;

[0008] The second type of battery pack includes: a main control unit power supply battery pack for powering the vehicle's driving computer and monitoring and diagnostic device, a lighting power supply battery pack for powering the vehicle's lighting device; an auxiliary power battery pack for driving an auxiliary motor;

[0009] The three types of battery packs include: auxiliary control unit power supply battery packs for respectively supplying power to the multimedia device and the air conditioning device in the vehicle;

[0010] The first type battery pack, the second type battery pack, and the third type battery pack are arranged in parallel with each other and are all connected to the power line of the charging plug arranged on the side of the car through an on-off switch;

[0011] The battery pack comprises two circular connecting plates arranged opposite to each other, a through hole is arranged in the middle of the connecting plates, a plurality of concentric circular grooves are arranged on the opposite end surfaces of the two connecting plates, and the two ends of the cylindrical heat sink are respectively inserted into the grooves of the two circular connecting plates; a long strip guide hole is arranged at the bottom of the groove, a protruding long strip guide sheet is arranged at the end of the heat sink, and the guide sheet penetrates into the guide hole; the guide hole is connected with a water guide hole arranged on the side wall of the circular connecting plate along its radial direction;

[0012] A sealing ring is arranged between the guide plate and the inner side surface of the guide hole or a sealing glue is applied; a plurality of cylindrical batteries are arranged in a ring array between two adjacent heat sinks; a circular through hole is arranged on the end surface of the circular connecting plate at a position in contact with the cylindrical battery and passes through the circular connecting plate along the axis, and a cylindrical conductive rod is placed in the circular through hole;

[0013] Multiple first-class battery packs are stacked side by side, so that multiple coaxial cylindrical batteries in the multiple first-class battery packs are connected in series through conductive blocks, and end covers are respectively provided at both ends of the first-class battery packs stacked side by side. Multiple concentric arc-shaped grooves are provided on the inner end faces of the end covers to be connected to the end faces of the heat sinks, and multiple annular collector rings are embedded on the outer end faces of the end covers, one end of the collector rings is connected to the conductive rod, and the other end is connected to the power supply wire at the output end of the battery pack;

[0014] A plurality of battery packs stacked side by side are installed in an integrated housing, the integrated housing comprising a horizontally placed capsule-shaped first housing, the first housing comprising a cylindrical intermediate housing, and both ends of the intermediate housing are detachably connected to the hemispherical end housings by bolts or latches;

[0015] The mounting bracket arranged on the outer side of the intermediate shell of the first shell is fixedly connected to the vehicle body by bolts or latches; a second shell having the same shape as the first shell is arranged in the inner cavity of the first shell;

[0016] The second shell passes through a through hole provided in the middle of the connecting plate, so that a type of battery pack is installed in the middle space between the first shell and the second shell;

[0017] A dual-axis output drive motor is arranged in the inner cavity of the second shell; a plurality of cooling water holes are arranged in the side walls of the first shell and the second shell along the axial direction thereof, and the cooling water holes of the first shell and the second shell are respectively connected to one end of the water guide hole;

[0018] A circulating water pipe is arranged between the hemispherical inner wall at the end of the first shell and the hemispherical outer wall at the end of the second shell, the circulating water pipe connects the cooling water holes of the first shell and the second shell, and a water pump is arranged in the middle of the inner cavity of the circulating water pipe; a thermostat is arranged at the outlet end of the water pump, and the two outlet ends of the thermostat are respectively connected to the circulating water pipe and the water inlet of the radiator arranged behind the front air intake grille of the automobile, the water outlet of the radiator is connected to one end of the three-way valve, and the other two ports of the three-way valve connect the circulating water pipe and the water inlet of the water pump; when the thermostat is not working, the outlet of the thermostat and the circulating water pipe is opened, and the outlet connected to the radiator is closed, and the coolant passes through the water pump, the first shell, the connecting plate, the second shell, and the water pump in sequence to form an internal circulation of the coolant; when the thermostat is working, both outlets of the thermostat are opened, and while the coolant is circulating internally, a part of the coolant also passes through the radiator water inlet, the radiator water outlet, the three-way valve, and the water pump in sequence to form an external circulation of the coolant;

[0019] The outer side surface of the housing of the driving motor is tightly attached to the inner side surface of the second housing, the rotor shaft of the driving motor is a hollow shaft, and a groove along its radial direction is arranged on the side wall of the middle part of the inner cavity of the rotor shaft, and the end of the cross shaft is inserted into the groove so that the cross shaft and the rotor shaft rotate together, and a rotatable bevel pinion is sleeved on the inner side of each shaft end of the cross shaft, and the two ends of the bevel pinion are respectively meshed with a bevel gear, and the two bevel gears are respectively fixedly connected to one end of a half shaft, and the other end of the half shaft extends out of the rotor shaft and is connected to the sun gear in the planetary gear reducer, and the planet carrier in the planetary gear reducer is connected to one end of the inner output shaft, and the other end of the inner output shaft extends out of the second housing and is connected to the inner end of the outer output shaft through a universal joint, and the outer end of the outer output shaft extends out of the first housing and is connected to the hub through a spline; a vertical oblong through hole is arranged on the top of the end hemispherical housing of the first housing so that the outer output shaft does not interfere with the first housing when it swings up and down.

[0020] Preferably, the second type battery pack is in a rectangular shape formed by a plurality of batteries arranged side by side with their sides in contact with each other. The second type battery pack is placed in a cooling box adapted to its shape. The cooling box includes a ventilation shell with openings on the top and bottom. A honeycomb bracket is arranged inside the ventilation shell. The battery is inserted into the diamond-shaped space of the bracket. The bottom of the bracket is connected to the upper surface of the stop plate by snapping or bonding. A through ventilation hole is arranged at the position where the upper surface of the stop plate contacts the battery.

[0021] A box-type first air duct with a triangular cross-section is arranged below the ventilation shell, the length direction of the first air duct is arranged along the transverse direction of the automobile, the bottom surface of the triangular cross-section is horizontally placed in the engine compartment, a longer inclined surface of the triangular cross-section is arranged with a higher front and a lower rear along the driving direction of the automobile, an air guide opening is arranged on the upper surface of the inclined surface, and the inclined surface is connected to the lower surface of the stop plate by snapping or bonding, a shorter inclined surface of the triangular cross-section is close to the front of the automobile, and left and right air inlets are arranged on the shorter inclined surface, each of which is connected to an air outlet of the second air duct respectively, and the air inlet of the second air duct is arranged behind the automobile air intake grille, at corresponding positions on the left and right sides of the radiator;

[0022] A plurality of arc-shaped air guides are arranged on the upper surface of the triangular bottom surface of the first air duct at intervals along the front-rear direction of the vehicle, and the length of the air guides is arranged along the transverse direction of the vehicle. The number n of the air guides can be divided by the number N of columns of batteries arranged in the second type battery pack along the front-rear direction of the vehicle, and N / n=m;

[0023] The arc-shaped lower section of the air guide piece is tangent to the bottom surface of the triangular cross section of the first air duct. Along the front-to-back direction of the vehicle, the arc-shaped upper section of the 1st / ith air guide strip is just tangent to the axis of the 1*mth / i*mth row of batteries obliquely above it. Along the front-to-back direction of the vehicle, the height of the air guide piece gradually increases.

[0024] The air outlet arranged on the longer inclined surface of the first air duct is connected to one end of the third air duct, and the side wall of the third air duct is provided with an arc transition section so that the other end of the third air duct remains in a horizontal state.

[0025] Preferably, the three types of battery packs are in the shape of a long strip formed by connecting multiple batteries end to end, the side walls of the three types of battery packs are in contact with a sponge layer with air holes, and a cable tie is provided on the outside of the sponge layer; the three types of battery packs are installed on the inside of a car door trim panel, or inside a dashboard housing, or inside a pillar trim panel inside the car.

[0026] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: the first type of battery pack is cooled by forced water cooling to fully ensure the ambient temperature, and since the first type of battery pack is only used to power the automobile drive motor and is not used for other equipment, the volume of the first type of battery pack is greatly reduced compared with the volume of the traditional automobile power battery pack, and can be installed on the drive axle of the automobile, and can be installed coaxially and side by side with the drive motor, or can be designed as a hollow capsule shape with a through hole in the axial direction, and the drive motor is sleeved inside the first type of battery pack, which greatly saves space, and at the same time, the drive motor can also be water-cooled, thereby improving the heat dissipation efficiency of the drive motor; the output power of the second type of battery pack is relatively constant, and it can be effectively cooled by air cooling, and the output power of the third type of battery pack is relatively small, and no forced cooling is required, and only natural cooling is required; the batteries of electric vehicles are divided into first type of battery pack, second type of battery pack, and third type of battery pack, and different battery packs have different cooling methods, which improves the cooling efficiency of the battery and reduces the energy consumption of the cooling system; different battery packs are dispersedly installed on the axle, the engine compartment, and the interior of the vehicle, so that the overall size of the electric vehicle is more compact. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 It is a front view of a battery pack structure;

[0028] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Middle AA section view;

[0029] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Middle BB section view;

[0030] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Middle CC section view;

[0031] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the driving motor structure;

[0032] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram for installing the connecting plate and heat sink;

[0033] Figure 7 It is a front view of the structure of a Class II battery pack;

[0034] Figure 8 for Figure 7 Middle DD section view;

[0035] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the connection between the cooling box and the first air duct, the second air duct, and the third air duct. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] like Figure 1-Figure 9A distributed battery module for an electric vehicle shown includes a plurality of battery packs installed on the electric vehicle; the battery packs are divided into a first-class battery pack, a second-class battery pack, and a third-class battery pack according to different power supply devices;

[0037] A type I battery pack is a battery pack whose output power increases significantly with the increase of the speed of the car, a type II battery pack and a type III battery pack are battery packs whose output power does not change significantly with the change of the speed of the car, a type I battery pack and a type II battery pack are always in a power supply state after the car is started, and a type III battery pack can be controlled to be turned on and off by the driver; the control method can be to connect the power lines of the type I battery pack, the type II battery pack, and the type III battery to their respective power supply devices through relays, and the control line of the relay is connected to the car's driving computer or single-chip microcomputer, and the driver can send a control instruction to the driving computer or single-chip microcomputer, and the single-chip microcomputer can be an AT89C51 series single-chip microcomputer or an stm32 series single-chip microcomputer, or other types of single-chip microcomputers;

[0038] The battery pack of the first type includes: a main power battery pack for supplying power to the vehicle drive motor 1, and a cooling system power supply battery pack for supplying power to the forced water cooling circulation device;

[0039] The second type of battery pack includes: a main control unit power supply battery pack for powering the vehicle's driving computer and monitoring and diagnostic device, a lighting power supply battery pack for powering the vehicle's lighting device; an auxiliary power battery pack for powering auxiliary motors, including seat adjustment motors, door lock motors, window lifting and lowering glass motors, and auxiliary drive motors for other electric devices in the vehicle;

[0040] The three types of battery packs include: auxiliary control unit power supply battery packs for respectively supplying power to the multimedia device and the air conditioning device in the vehicle;

[0041] The first type battery pack, the second type battery pack, and the third type battery pack are arranged in parallel with each other and are all connected to the power line of the charging plug arranged on the side of the vehicle through an on-off switch. The on-off switch can be a relay switch or an IGBT module switch circuit;

[0042] The battery pack comprises two circular connecting plates 1-11 arranged opposite to each other, a through hole is arranged in the middle of the connecting plate 1-11, a plurality of concentric circular grooves 1-12 are arranged on the opposite end faces of the two connecting plates 1-11, and the two ends of the cylindrical heat sink 1-14 are respectively inserted into the grooves 1-12 of the two circular connecting plates 1-11; a long strip guide hole is arranged at the bottom of the groove, and a protruding long strip guide sheet is arranged at the end of the heat sink 1-14, and the guide sheet penetrates into the guide hole; the guide hole is connected with the water guide hole 1-13 arranged on the side wall of the circular connecting plate 1-11 along its radial direction;

[0043] A sealing ring is provided between the guide plate and the inner side surface of the guide hole or a sealant is applied; a plurality of cylindrical batteries 1-18 are arranged in a circular array between two adjacent heat sinks 1-14; a circular through hole is provided on the end surface of the circular connecting plate 1-11 at a position in contact with the cylindrical battery and passes through the circular connecting plate 1-11 along the axis, and a cylindrical conductive rod 1-15 is placed in the circular through hole;

[0044] Multiple battery packs of the same type are stacked side by side, so that multiple coaxial cylindrical batteries in the multiple battery packs of the same type are connected in series through the conductive rod 1-15, and end covers 1-16 are respectively provided at both ends of the battery packs of the same type stacked side by side. Multiple concentric arc-shaped grooves 1-12 are provided on the inner end face of the end cover 1-16 and connected to the end face of the heat sink 1-14. Multiple annular collector rings 1-17 are embedded on the outer end face of the end cover 1-16. One end of the collector ring 1-17 is connected to the conductive rod 1-15, and the other end is connected to the output of the battery pack When a type of battery pack is used in different electric vehicles, the output voltage of the type of battery pack can be changed by simply changing the number of the type of battery packs arranged. It is easy to use. For example, if the rated output voltage of the battery 1-18 used is 2.5V, 20 type-one battery packs can be stacked side by side to obtain an output voltage of 50V, which can well meet the power supply needs of low-voltage electric vehicles. The collector ring 1-17 can connect multiple batteries 1-18 connected in series in parallel to make the output voltage more stable.

[0045] A plurality of battery packs stacked side by side are installed in an integrated housing, the integrated housing comprising a horizontally placed capsule-shaped first housing 1-21, the first housing 1-21 comprising a cylindrical intermediate housing, the two ends of the intermediate housing being detachably connected to the hemispherical end housings by bolts or latches;

[0046] The mounting bracket arranged on the outer side of the intermediate shell of the first shell 1-21 is fixedly connected to the vehicle body or the axle housing of the axle by bolts or latches; the second shell 1-22 having the same shape as the first shell 1-21 is arranged in the inner cavity thereof;

[0047] The second shell 1-22 passes through a through hole provided in the middle of the connecting plate 1-11, so that a type of battery pack is installed in the middle space between the first shell 1-21 and the second shell 1-22;

[0048] A dual-axis output drive motor 1 is arranged in the inner cavity of the second housing 1-22; a plurality of cooling water holes 1-23 are arranged in the side walls of the first housing 1-21 and the second housing 1-22 along their axial directions, and the cooling water holes 1-23 of the first housing 1-21 and the second housing 1-22 are respectively connected to one end of the water guide hole 1-13;

[0049] A circulating water pipe is arranged between the hemispherical inner wall at the end of the first shell 1-21 and the hemispherical outer wall at the end of the second shell 1-22. The circulating water pipe connects the cooling water holes 1-23 of the first shell 1-21 and the second shell 1-22 respectively. A water pump 1-24 is arranged in the middle of the inner cavity of the circulating water pipe; a thermostat 1-29 is arranged at the outlet end of the water pump 1-24, and the two outlet ends of the thermostat are respectively connected to the circulating water pipe and the water inlet of the radiator arranged behind the front air intake grille of the automobile, and the water outlet of the radiator is connected to one end of the three-way valve 1-28, and the other two ports of the three-way valve 1-28 connect the circulating water pipe and the water inlet of the water pump; when the thermostat is not When working, the outlet of the thermostat and the circulating water pipe are opened, and the outlet connected to the radiator is closed, and the coolant passes through the water pump 1-24, the first shell 1-21, the connecting plate 1-11, the second shell 1-22, and the water pump 1-24 in sequence, forming an internal circulation of the coolant; when the thermostat is working, both outlets of the thermostat are opened, and while the coolant is circulating internally, a part of the coolant also passes through the radiator water inlet, the radiator water outlet, the three-way valve 1-28, and the water pump 1-24 in sequence, forming an external circulation of the coolant; the thermostat can be a wax thermostat, an electrically controlled thermostat with a temperature sensor, or other types of thermostats.

[0050] The outer side surface of the housing of the driving motor 1 is tightly attached to the inner side surface of the second housing 1-22. The rotor shaft 11 of the driving motor 1 is a hollow shaft. A slot is provided on the side wall of the middle part of the inner cavity of the rotor shaft 11 along its radial direction. The end of the cross shaft 12 is inserted into the slot so that the cross shaft 12 and the rotor shaft 11 rotate together. A rotatable bevel pinion 13 is sleeved on the inner side of each shaft end of the cross shaft 12. The two ends of the bevel pinion 13 are respectively meshed with a bevel gear 14. The two bevel gears 14 are respectively fixedly connected to one end of a half shaft 15. The half shaft 15 The other end of the planetary gear reducer extends out of the rotor shaft 11 and is connected to the sun gear 16 in the planetary gear reducer. The planetary carrier 17 in the planetary gear reducer is connected to one end of the inner output shaft 18. The other end of the inner output shaft 18 extends out of the second shell 1-22 and is connected to the inner end of the outer output shaft 19 through a universal joint. The outer end of the outer output shaft 19 extends out of the first shell 1-21 and is connected to the hub through a spline. A vertical oblong through hole is set at the top of the end hemispherical shell of the first shell 1-21, so that the outer output shaft 19 does not interfere with the first shell 1-21 when it swings up and down.

[0051] When the car is started, the thermostat does not work, and the coolant circulates in the first shell 1-21 and the second shell 1-22 to cool a type of battery pack and the drive motor at the same time. The rotor shaft 11 of the drive motor transmits power to the left and right half-shafts respectively through the cross shaft, the conical pinion, and the conical gear. The half-shaft then transmits the power to the planetary gear mechanism, the inner output shaft, the universal joint, the outer output shaft, and the wheel hub to drive the car; when the car is driving in a straight line, the conical pinion in the rotor shaft 11 only revolves around the cross shaft. When the car turns, the conical pinion in the rotor shaft 11 revolves and rotates, so that the rotation speeds of the two half-shafts are different, realizing normal steering of the car; the drive motor 1 integrates a differential and a reducer, which greatly reduces the size of the drive unit of the electric vehicle. The drive motor 1 is placed in the second shell 1-22, with good cooling effect, which effectively extends the service life of the drive motor 1;

[0052] When the car accelerates or runs for a period of time, the thermostat starts to work, and the coolant circulates between the first housing 1-21, the second housing 1-22 and the radiator for external circulation. The excess heat in the coolant is exchanged with the air through the radiator to ensure that the temperature of the coolant is always within a reasonable range.

[0053] Since the coolant is only forced to circulate in a water-cooled manner for one type of battery pack, the amount of coolant used is small, the power of the water pump can also be small, and at the same time, the volume of the first shell and the second shell can be made very compact and light.

[0054] The second type of battery pack is in a rectangular shape formed by a plurality of batteries arranged side by side in contact with each other. The second type of battery pack is placed in a cooling box 2-10 adapted to its shape. The cooling box 2-10 includes a ventilation shell 2-11 with openings on the top and bottom. A honeycomb bracket 2-12 is arranged inside the ventilation shell 2-11. The battery 1-18 is inserted into the diamond-shaped space of the bracket 2-12. The bottom of the bracket 2-12 is connected to the upper surface of the stop plate 2-13 by snapping or bonding. A through ventilation hole is arranged at the position where the upper surface of the stop plate 2-13 contacts the battery 1-18.

[0055] A box-type first air duct 2-15 with a triangular cross-section is arranged below the ventilation shell 2-11. The length direction of the first air duct 2-15 is arranged along the transverse direction of the automobile. The bottom surface of the triangular cross-section is horizontally placed in the engine compartment. A longer inclined surface of the triangular cross-section is arranged with a higher front and a lower rear along the driving direction of the automobile. An air guide opening is arranged on the upper surface of the inclined surface, and the inclined surface is connected to the lower surface of the stop plate 2-13 by snapping or bonding. A shorter inclined surface of the triangular cross-section is close to the front of the automobile, and left and right air inlets are arranged on the shorter inclined surface, and each air inlet is connected to an air outlet of a second air duct 2-16 respectively. The air inlet of the second air duct 2-16 is arranged behind the automobile air intake grille, at corresponding positions on the left and right sides of the radiator;

[0056] A plurality of arc-shaped air guides 2-17 are arranged on the upper surface of the triangular bottom surface of the first air duct 2-15 at intervals along the front-rear direction of the vehicle. The length of the air guides 2-17 is arranged along the transverse direction of the vehicle. The number n of the air guides 2-17 can be divided by the number N of columns of batteries arranged in the second type battery pack along the front-rear direction of the vehicle, and N / n=m.

[0057] The arc-shaped lower section of the air guide piece 2-17 is tangent to the bottom surface of the triangular cross section of the first air duct 2-15. Along the front-rear direction of the vehicle, the arc-shaped upper section of the 1st / ith air guide strip is just tangent to the axis of the 1*mth / i*mth row of batteries 1-18 above it; along the front-rear direction of the vehicle, the height of the air guide piece 2-17 gradually increases;

[0058] The best way is to make the number of battery rows N equal to the number of air guides n, so that the cooling effect of each battery row can be more balanced and the battery temperature in each part of the Class II battery pack can be more uniform.

[0059] The air outlet arranged on the longer inclined surface of the first air duct 2-15 is connected to one end of the third air duct 2-18, and the side wall of the third air duct 2-18 is provided with an arc transition section so that the other end of the third air duct 2-18 remains in a horizontal state.

[0060] When the car starts to drive, since the power of the second type battery pack is low, its heat generation is also low and no water cooling is required. At this time, cold air enters the engine compartment from the air intake grille at the front of the car and enters the first air duct 2-15 through the second air duct 1-26. The horizontally flowing cold air changes direction after encountering the air guide plate 2-17 and flows along the tangent direction of the upper end of the air guide plate 2-17. In this way, after being guided by the air guide plate, the cold air can blow through directly under the battery to improve the heat dissipation effect. The air guide plates increase successively along the front and rear directions of the car, so that the horizontally flowing cold air can be guided by multiple air guide plates more evenly, ensuring that the battery temperature at various locations of the second type battery pack is more balanced and the battery life is improved; after the cold air is blown out from the diamond-shaped space of the bracket 2-12, it is guided by the arc-shaped side wall of the third air duct 2-18 and then becomes horizontal flow. The outlet of the third air duct 2-18 is arranged at the front of the car chassis and directly faces the brake disc arranged on the wheel hub. In this way, the cold air entering the air intake grille can be fully utilized to cool the brake disc at the same time.

[0061] The three types of battery packs mentioned above have no effect on the driving of the car. They are only used for multimedia and air-conditioning devices in the car, and to power other auxiliary electrical appliances in the car. Therefore, the output power is relatively low. Therefore, the cooling method of the three types of battery packs can completely adopt natural cooling method to reduce the weight of the three types of battery packs.

[0062] In order to facilitate placement and not occupy chassis space and vehicle interior space, the three types of battery packs are formed into a long strip shape by connecting multiple batteries 1-18 end to end, and then multiple strip-shaped battery packs are placed side by side, and can be connected by flexible connection methods such as cable ties or rubber bands;

[0063] The side wall of the three types of battery packs is in contact with the sponge layer with air permeability holes, and the three types of battery packs are installed on the inner side of the door decorative panel of the automobile, or in the instrument panel shell, or on the inner side of the pillar decorative panel inside the vehicle.

[0064] The first type of battery pack is cooled by forced water cooling to fully ensure the ambient temperature. Since the first type of battery pack is only used to power the vehicle drive motor and not for other equipment, the volume of the first type of battery pack is greatly reduced compared with the traditional vehicle power battery pack. It can be installed on the drive axle of the vehicle and can be installed coaxially and side by side with the drive motor. It can also be designed as a hollow capsule shape with a through hole in the axial direction. The drive motor is placed inside the first type of battery pack, which greatly saves space. At the same time, the drive motor can also be water-cooled, which improves the heat dissipation efficiency of the drive motor. The output power of the second type of battery pack is relatively constant, and it can be effectively cooled by air cooling. The output power of the third type of battery pack is relatively small, and no forced cooling is required, and only natural cooling is required. The batteries of electric vehicles are divided into first type of battery pack, second type of battery pack, and third type of battery pack, and different battery packs have different cooling methods, which improves the cooling efficiency of the battery and reduces the energy consumption of the cooling system. Different battery packs are dispersedly installed on the axle, engine compartment, and inside the vehicle, making the overall size of the electric vehicle more compact.

Claims

1. A distributed battery module for an electric vehicle, the distributed battery module comprising a plurality of battery packs mounted on the electric vehicle; Features: Battery packs are divided into Class I, Class II, and Class III battery packs according to different power supply equipment; Class I battery packs are battery packs whose output power increases significantly with the increase of vehicle speed. Class II and Class III battery packs are battery packs whose output power does not change significantly with the change of vehicle speed. Class I and Class II battery packs are always in power supply state after the vehicle is started, and Class III battery packs can be turned on and off by the driver. The battery pack of the type described comprises: a main power battery pack for supplying power to a vehicle drive motor (1), a cooling system power supply battery pack for supplying power to a forced water cooling circulation device; The second type of battery pack includes: a main control unit power supply battery pack for powering the vehicle's driving computer and monitoring and diagnostic device, a lighting power supply battery pack for powering the vehicle's lighting device; an auxiliary power battery pack for driving an auxiliary motor; The three types of battery packs include: auxiliary control unit power supply battery packs for respectively supplying power to the multimedia device and the air conditioning device in the vehicle; The first type battery pack, the second type battery pack, and the third type battery pack are arranged in parallel with each other and are all connected to the power line of the charging plug arranged on the side of the car through an on-off switch; The battery pack comprises two circular connecting plates (1-11) arranged opposite to each other, a through hole is arranged in the middle of the connecting plates (1-11), a plurality of concentric circular grooves (1-12) are arranged on the opposite end surfaces of the two connecting plates (1-11), and the two ends of the cylindrical heat sink (1-14) are respectively inserted into the grooves (1-12) of the two circular connecting plates (1-11); a long strip guide hole is arranged at the bottom of the groove, a protruding long strip guide sheet is arranged at the end of the heat sink (1-14), and the guide sheet penetrates into the guide hole; the guide hole is connected to a water guide hole (1-13) arranged on the side wall of the circular connecting plate (1-11) along its radial direction; A sealing ring is provided or a sealing glue is applied between the guide plate and the inner side surface of the guide hole; a plurality of cylindrical batteries (1-18) are arranged in a ring array between two adjacent heat sinks (1-14); a circular through hole is provided on the end surface of the circular connecting plate (1-11) at a position in contact with the cylindrical batteries and passes through the circular connecting plate (1-11) along the axis, and a cylindrical conductive rod (1-15) is placed in the circular through hole; A plurality of first-class battery packs are stacked side by side, so that a plurality of coaxial cylindrical batteries in the plurality of first-class battery packs are connected in series via a conductive rod (1-15), end covers (1-16) are respectively arranged at both ends of the first-class battery packs stacked side by side, a plurality of concentric arc-shaped grooves (1-12) are arranged on the inner end surface of the end cover (1-16) and connected to the end surface of the heat sink (1-14), a plurality of annular collector rings (1-17) are embedded on the outer end surface of the end cover (1-16), one end of the collector ring (1-17) is connected to the conductive rod (1-15), and the other end is connected to the power supply wire at the output end of the battery pack; A plurality of battery packs stacked side by side are installed in an integrated housing, the integrated housing comprising a horizontally placed capsule-shaped first housing (1-21), the first housing (1-21) comprising a cylindrical intermediate housing, the two ends of the intermediate housing being detachably connected to the hemispherical end housings by bolts or latches; A mounting bracket arranged on the outer side of the middle shell of the first shell (1-21) is fixedly connected to the vehicle body by bolts or latches; a second shell (1-22) having the same shape as the first shell (1-21) is arranged in the inner cavity of the first shell (1-21); The second shell (1-22) passes through a through hole provided in the middle of the connecting plate (1-11), so that a type of battery pack is installed in the middle space between the first shell (1-21) and the second shell (1-22); A dual-axis output drive motor (1) is arranged in the inner cavity of the second shell (1-22); a plurality of cooling water holes (1-23) are arranged in the side walls of the first shell (1-21) and the second shell (1-22) along their axial directions, and the cooling water holes (1-23) of the first shell (1-21) and the second shell (1-22) are respectively connected to one end of the water guide hole (1-13); A circulating water pipe is arranged between the hemispherical inner wall at the end of the first shell (1-21) and the hemispherical outer wall at the end of the second shell (1-22), the circulating water pipe connects the cooling water holes (1-23) of the first shell (1-21) and the second shell (1-22), and a water pump (1-24) is arranged in the middle of the inner cavity of the circulating water pipe; a thermostat (1-29) is arranged at the outlet end of the water pump (1-24), the two outlet ends of the thermostat are respectively connected to the circulating water pipe and the water inlet of the radiator arranged behind the front air intake grille of the automobile, the water outlet of the radiator is connected to one end of the three-way valve (1-28), and the other end of the three-way valve (1-28) is connected to the water outlet of the radiator. The two outer ports connect the circulating water pipe and the water pump inlet; when the thermostat is not working, the outlet of the thermostat and the circulating water pipe is opened, and the outlet connected to the radiator is closed, and the coolant passes through the water pump (1-24), the first shell (1-21), the connecting plate (1-11), the second shell (1-22), and the water pump (1-24) in sequence, forming an internal circulation of the coolant; when the thermostat is working, both outlets of the thermostat are opened, and while the coolant is circulating internally, a part of the coolant also passes through the radiator water inlet, the radiator water outlet, the three-way valve (1-28), and the water pump (1-24) in sequence, forming an external circulation of the coolant; The outer side surface of the housing of the driving motor (1) is in close contact with the inner side surface of the second housing (1-22); the rotor shaft (11) of the driving motor (1) is a hollow shaft; a slot is provided on the side wall of the middle part of the inner cavity of the rotor shaft (11) along its radial direction; the end of the cross shaft (12) is inserted into the slot so that the cross shaft (12) and the rotor shaft (11) rotate together; a rotatable bevel pinion (13) is sleeved on the inner side of each shaft end of the cross shaft (12); the bevel pinion (13) is The two ends are respectively meshed with a conical gear (14), the two conical gears (14) are respectively fixedly connected to one end of a half shaft (15), the other end of the half shaft (15) extends out of the rotor shaft (11) and is connected to a sun gear (16) in the planetary gear reducer, the planet carrier (17) in the planetary gear reducer is connected to one end of the inner output shaft (18), the other end of the inner output shaft (18) extends out of the second housing (1-22) and is connected to the inner end of the outer output shaft (19) through a universal joint. The outer end of the outer output shaft (19) extends out of the first shell (1-21) and is connected to the wheel hub through a spline; a vertical oblong through hole is provided at the top of the hemispherical shell at the end of the first shell (1-21), so that the outer output shaft (19) does not interfere with the first shell (1-21) when swinging up and down; the second type battery pack is formed into a rectangular parallelepiped shape by a plurality of batteries arranged side by side in contact with each other, and the second type battery pack is placed in a cooling box (2-10 ), the cooling box (2-10) includes a ventilation shell (2-11) with openings on the top and bottom, a honeycomb bracket (2-12) is arranged inside the ventilation shell (2-11), the battery (1-18) is inserted into the rhombus-shaped space of the bracket (2-12), the bottom of the bracket (2-12) is connected to the upper surface of the stop plate (2-13) by snapping or bonding, and a through ventilation hole is arranged at the position where the upper surface of the stop plate (2-13) contacts the battery (1-18); A box-type first air duct (2-15) with a triangular cross section is arranged below the ventilation shell (2-11), the length direction of the first air duct (2-15) is arranged along the transverse direction of the automobile, the bottom surface of the triangular cross section is horizontally placed in the engine compartment, a longer inclined surface of the triangular cross section is arranged with a higher front and a lower rear along the driving direction of the automobile, an air guide opening is arranged on the upper surface of the inclined surface, and the inclined surface is connected to the lower surface of the stop plate (2-13) by snapping or bonding, a shorter inclined surface of the triangular cross section is close to the front of the automobile, and two left and right air inlets are arranged on the shorter inclined surface, each of which is connected to an air outlet of a second air duct (2-16), and the air inlet of the second air duct (2-16) is arranged behind the automobile air intake grille, at corresponding positions on the left and right sides of the radiator; A plurality of arc-shaped air guides (2-17) are arranged on the upper surface of the triangular bottom surface of the first air duct (2-15) at intervals along the front-rear direction of the vehicle, the length of the air guides (2-17) is arranged along the transverse direction of the vehicle, the number n of the air guides (2-17) can be divided by the number N of columns of batteries arranged in the second type battery pack along the front-rear direction of the vehicle, and N / n=m; The arc-shaped lower section of the air guide piece (2-17) is tangent to the bottom surface of the triangular cross section of the first air duct (2-15); along the front-rear direction of the vehicle, the arc-shaped upper section of the first / i-th air guide strip is just tangent to the axis of the 1*m / i*m-th row of batteries (1-18) above it; along the front-rear direction of the vehicle, the height of the air guide piece (2-17) gradually increases; The air outlet arranged on the longer inclined surface of the first air duct (2-15) is connected to one end of the third air duct (2-18), and the side wall of the third air duct (2-18) is provided with an arc transition section so that the other end of the third air duct (2-18) remains in a horizontal state; the three types of battery packs are formed into a long strip shape by connecting a plurality of batteries (1-18) end to end, and the side walls of the three types of battery packs are in contact with a sponge layer with air holes, and a cable tie is arranged on the outside of the sponge layer; the three types of battery packs are installed on the inner side of a door trim panel of a car, or in a dashboard shell, or on the inner side of a pillar trim panel inside the car.

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