Gear box and hard rock tunnel boring machine

Abstract

The present invention discloses a gearbox and a hard rock tunnel boring machine, which belongs to the field of transmission technology, and comprises a box body and a transmission mechanism arranged in the box body, wherein the transmission mechanism comprises a parallel gear mechanism, a bevel gear mechanism, a planetary gear mechanism and two output planetary gear trains connected in sequence, forming a four-stage transmission, thereby increasing the transmission ratio and the output torque; the planetary gear mechanism comprises a first sun gear, a first planetary gear and a first planet carrier, wherein the first sun gear drives the first planet carrier to rotate through the first planetary gear; the output planetary gear train comprises a second sun gear, a second planetary gear and a second inner gear ring, wherein the second inner gear ring is sleeved on the outer periphery of the second sun gear and meshes with the second planetary gear, wherein the second sun gear drives the second inner gear ring to rotate through the second planetary gear; the two second sun gears are coaxially arranged and detachably connected, wherein one of the second sun gears is fixedly connected to the first planet carrier. The hard rock tunnel boring machine comprises the above-mentioned gearbox.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of transmission technology, and in particular to a gear box and a hard rock tunneling machine. Background Art

[0002] With the development of underground space, hard rock tunnel boring machines as tunnel construction machinery have been widely used in engineering fields such as subways, tunnels, and municipal pipelines.

[0003] Existing gearboxes for cutting parts of tunnel boring machines, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, it mainly includes a primary bevel gear mechanism 10, a secondary parallel gear mechanism 20 and two planetary gear output mechanisms 30. In order to ensure the installation space of the cutting head, it is sometimes necessary to add an idler gear 40 between the two gears of the secondary parallel gear mechanism 20, which undoubtedly increases the volume of the gearbox used in the cutting part of the tunnel boring machine. The gearbox has a small transmission ratio and a low power density, and is mainly used for low-power horizontal axis tunnel boring machines. In addition, due to the small output torque, it can only cut coal seams with low hardness, and the cutting hardness is about 90MPa. The mining efficiency is low, and it is impossible to mine rocks with higher hardness, and the scope of use is limited. Summary of the invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a gearbox and a hard rock tunnel boring machine to solve the technical problems existing in the prior art that the gearbox has a large volume, a small transmission ratio, a low power density and a low output torque.

[0005] As conceived above, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0006] A gearbox comprises a housing and a transmission mechanism arranged in the housing, the transmission mechanism comprising a parallel gear mechanism, a bevel gear mechanism, a planetary gear mechanism and two output planetary gear trains connected in sequence; the planetary gear mechanism comprises a first sun gear, a first planetary gear and a first planet carrier, the first sun gear drives the first planet carrier to rotate through the first planetary gear; the output planetary gear train comprises a second sun gear, a second planetary gear and a second inner gear ring, the second inner gear ring is sleeved on the outer periphery of the second sun gear and meshes with the second planetary gears, the second sun gear drives the second inner gear ring to rotate through the second planetary gears; the two second sun gears are coaxially arranged and detachably connected, and one of the second sun gears is fixedly connected to the first planet carrier.

[0007] Wherein, the bevel gear mechanism comprises a bevel gear shaft and a bevel gear meshing with the bevel gear shaft, the parallel gear mechanism is connected to the bevel gear shaft, and the first sun gear is fixedly connected to the bevel gear.

[0008] Wherein, the parallel gear mechanism comprises an input shaft and a parallel gear pair, and the input shaft is transmission-connected with the bevel gear shaft via the parallel gear pair.

[0009] Wherein, the plane where the axis of the parallel gear pair is located is perpendicular to the plane where the axis of the bevel gear shaft and the bevel gear are located.

[0010] The interior of the bevel gear forms a hollow first accommodating cavity, part of the first sun gear is located in the first accommodating cavity, the interior of the first sun gear forms a hollow second accommodating cavity, and both of the two second sun gears are partially located in the second accommodating cavity.

[0011] Wherein, the planetary gear mechanism further includes a first inner gear ring, which is sleeved on the outer periphery of the first sun gear and fixedly connected to the housing, and the first planetary gear is meshed with the first sun gear and the first inner gear ring at the same time.

[0012] Wherein, the output planetary gear train further includes a second planet carrier and a planet shaft, the second planet carrier is fixedly connected to the housing, the planet shaft is fixedly connected to the second planet carrier, and the second planetary gear is rotatably arranged on the planet shaft.

[0013] Wherein, a receiving groove is provided on the box body, the first inner gear ring is located in the receiving groove, and one of the second planet carriers is provided at the opening of the receiving groove and abuts against the first inner gear ring.

[0014] The two second sun gears are connected by bolts and spline sleeves, the bolts extend along the axial direction of the second sun gear, the spline sleeve is arranged at the connection between the two second sun gears, and the second sun gear is provided with an external spline that cooperates with the spline sleeve.

[0015] A hard rock tunnel boring machine comprises the gearbox as described above.

[0016] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0017] The gearbox proposed in the present invention forms a four-stage transmission by sequentially connecting a parallel gear mechanism, a bevel gear mechanism, a planetary gear mechanism and two output planetary gear trains, thereby increasing the transmission ratio and the output torque and meeting the requirements of a tunnel boring machine for cutting hard rock. An output planetary gear train is used at the output end of the gearbox to improve the load-sharing performance and the carrying capacity, and power is split through two second sun gears to achieve single-input and dual-output. The two second sun gears are detachably connected to facilitate installation and disassembly, and are easy to load into a smaller box, thereby saving space, reducing the volume and weight of the gearbox, making the structure more compact, and increasing the power density. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 It is a cross-sectional view of a gearbox for a cutting part of an existing roadheader in one direction;

[0019] Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of a gearbox for a cutting part of an existing roadheader from another direction;

[0020] Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of a gear box provided by an embodiment of the present invention in one direction;

[0021] Figure 4 It is a cross-sectional view of the gear box provided by an embodiment of the present invention in another direction.

[0022] Figure 1 and Figure 2 middle:

[0023] 10. Primary bevel gear mechanism; 20. Secondary parallel gear mechanism; 30. Planetary gear output mechanism; 40. Idle gear;

[0024] Figure 3 and Figure 4 middle:

[0025] 11. Main box; 12. Auxiliary box;

[0026] 21. Input shaft; 22. Parallel gear pair;

[0027] 31. Bevel gear shaft; 32. Bevel gear;

[0028] 41. first sun gear; 42. first planetary gear; 43. first planet carrier; 44. first inner gear ring; 45. bearing seat;

[0029] 51. second sun gear; 52. second planetary gear; 53. second inner ring gear; 54. second planetary carrier; 55. planetary shaft; 56. bolt; 57. spline sleeve;

[0030] 61. Oil pump; 62. First gear; 63. Second gear; 64. Oil seal pressure plate; 65. Rotary joint. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] In order to make the technical problems solved by the present invention, the technical solutions adopted and the technical effects achieved clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention are further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and through specific implementation methods. It is understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention, rather than to limit the present invention. It should also be noted that, for the convenience of description, only the parts related to the present invention are shown in the accompanying drawings, not all.

[0032] See also Figure 3 and Figure 4The embodiment of the present invention provides a gear box, which has a large transmission ratio and a high power density and can meet the needs of cutting hard rock. It is mainly used in hard rock tunneling machines. Of course, it can also be used in other mechanical equipment, which is not limited here.

[0033] The gearbox includes a housing and a transmission mechanism disposed in the housing. The housing includes a main housing 11 and two auxiliary housings 12 disposed on both sides of the main housing 11. The auxiliary housings 12 are detachably connected to the main housing 11 by bolts. The main housing 11 is cast in one piece, which has higher strength and rigidity, meets the harsh working conditions of the tunnel boring machine, and ensures safety when cutting hard rock.

[0034] The transmission mechanism includes a parallel gear mechanism, a bevel gear mechanism, a planetary gear mechanism and two output planetary gear trains connected in sequence. The parallel gear mechanism, the bevel gear mechanism and the planetary gear mechanism are all located in the main housing 11, and each output planetary gear train is located in an auxiliary housing 12. The parallel gear mechanism, the bevel gear mechanism, the planetary gear mechanism and the output planetary gear train are used to form a four-stage transmission, which increases the transmission ratio and output torque and meets the requirements of the tunnel boring machine for cutting hard rock. The transmission mechanisms at all levels are assembled on the housing in the form of subassemblies, and each subassembly can be easily assembled and disassembled as a whole, making maintenance more convenient.

[0035] The parallel gear mechanism includes an input shaft 21 and a parallel gear pair 22, and the bevel gear mechanism includes a bevel gear shaft 31 and a bevel gear 32 meshing with the bevel gear shaft 31. The input shaft 21 and the bevel gear shaft 31 are connected by the parallel gear pair 22. The power of the input shaft 21 is transmitted to the bevel gear shaft 31 through the parallel gear pair 22 for primary reduction, and then transmitted to the bevel gear 32 by the bevel gear shaft 31 for secondary reduction. The parallel gear mechanism is used as the primary transmission mechanism and the bevel gear mechanism is used as the secondary transmission mechanism, and the idler gear in the traditional gear box is omitted, which reduces the space occupied by the parallel gear mechanism and the volume of the entire gear box.

[0036] The plane where the axis of the parallel gear pair 22 is located is perpendicular to the plane where the axis of the bevel gear shaft 31 and the bevel gear 32 are located. The plane where the axis of the parallel gear pair 22 is located refers to the plane where the axes of the two parallel gears are located. For example, the input shaft 21 and the bevel gear shaft 31 can be in a vertical plane, and the axes of the bevel gear shaft 31 and the bevel gear 32 are in a horizontal plane. The arrangement of the parallel gear pair 22 does not occupy the horizontal space, which reduces the volume of the entire gear box. Alternatively, the axes of the bevel gear shaft 31 and the bevel gear 32 are in a horizontal plane, and the plane where the axis of the input shaft 21 and the axis of the bevel gear shaft 31 are located is set at an angle to the horizontal plane. In this way, the arrangement direction of the parallel gear pair 22 has no effect on the arrangement direction of the bevel gear mechanism, which makes full use of the space and reduces the volume of the entire gear box.

[0037] Of course, the parallel gear mechanism may also include an input gear shaft and an input gear meshing with the input gear shaft, and the input gear is connected to the bevel gear shaft 31 via a key, and the structure is not limited here.

[0038] The input shaft 21 is supported on a first bearing bushing through a bearing, and the first bearing bushing is mounted on the main housing 11 through bolts. The bevel gear shaft 31 is supported on a second bearing bushing through a bearing, and the second bearing bushing is mounted on the main housing 11 through bolts.

[0039] The planetary gear mechanism at least includes a first sun gear 41, a first planet gear 42 and a first planet carrier 43. The first sun gear 41 drives the first planet carrier 43 to rotate through the first planet gear 42. The first sun gear 41 is fixedly connected to the bevel gear 32, the first planet gear 42 is meshed with the first sun gear 41, and the first planet carrier 43 is used to support the first planet gear 42 and rotate with the first planet gear 42. The bevel gear 32 transmits power to the first sun gear 41, the first sun gear 41 drives the first planet gear 42 to rotate, and the first planet carrier 43 rotates with the first planet gear 42 to transmit power. The first planet carrier 43 and the first planet gear 42 are supported by bearings. Here, the number of the first planet gears 42 is not limited.

[0040] The interior of the bevel gear 32 forms a hollow first accommodating chamber, and part of the first sun gear 41 is located in the first accommodating chamber, making full use of the space. The first sun gear 41 is connected to the bevel gear 32 by bolts and positioning pins, which is convenient for installation and disassembly. The first sun gear 41 is supported on the bearing seat 45 through a bearing, and the bearing seat 45 is installed on the main housing 11 by bolts.

[0041] Optionally, in order to ensure the stability of the structure, the planetary gear mechanism further includes a first inner gear ring 44, which is sleeved on the outer periphery of the first sun gear 41 and fixedly connected to the main housing 11, and the first planetary gear 42 is meshed with the first sun gear 41 and the first inner gear ring 44. During the rotation of the first sun gear 41, the first planetary gear 42 rotates around the first sun gear 41, and at the same time, the first planetary gear 42 rotates around the first inner gear ring 44, and the first inner gear ring 44 plays a supporting role.

[0042] The main housing 11 is provided with a receiving groove, in which the first inner gear ring 44 is located, and one side of the first inner gear ring 44 abuts against the inner wall of the receiving groove. In order to avoid the internal transmission space of the first inner gear ring 44, the receiving groove is an annular groove, and one side of the first inner gear ring 44 is axially limited. For easy positioning, the first inner gear ring 44 and the main housing 11 are positioned by a positioning pin.

[0043] The output planetary gear train at least includes a second sun gear 51, a second planetary gear 52 and a second inner gear ring 53. The second inner gear ring 53 is sleeved on the outer periphery of the second sun gear 51 and meshes with the second planetary gear 52. The second sun gear 51 drives the second inner gear ring 53 to rotate through the second planetary gear 52. The output planetary gear train is used at the output end of the gearbox to improve the load-sharing performance and carrying capacity. The power is split through the two second sun gears 51 to achieve single input and dual output. Here, there is no limit on the number of second planetary gears 52.

[0044] Each output planetary gear train has a second sun gear 51, one of the second sun gears 51 is fixedly connected to the first planet carrier 43, the first planet carrier 43 transmits power to a second sun gear 51, and the second sun gear 51 transmits power to another second sun gear 51. A planetary gear mechanism is used to drive two output planetary gear trains to perform power diversion and realize single input and dual output.

[0045] The two second sun gears 51 are coaxially arranged and detachably connected, which is convenient for installation and disassembly, and convenient for installation into a smaller box, thus saving space, reducing the volume and weight of the gearbox, making the structure more compact, and increasing the power density.

[0046] Optionally, in order to ensure the stability of the structure, the output planetary gear system further includes a second planetary carrier 54 and a planetary shaft 55, the second planetary carrier 54 is fixedly connected to the main housing 11, the planetary shaft 55 is fixedly connected to the second planetary carrier 54, and the second planetary wheel 52 is rotatably arranged on the planetary shaft 55. A bearing is arranged between the second planetary wheel 52 and the planetary shaft 55, and a bearing is arranged between the second inner gear ring 53 and the second planetary carrier 54. When the second sun gear 51 rotates, it drives the second planetary wheel 52 to rotate around the planetary shaft 55. Since the planetary shaft 55 is fixedly arranged, the second planetary wheel 52 transmits power to the second inner gear ring 53, thereby causing the second inner gear ring 53 to rotate, so as to output power to the cutting head of the tunnel boring machine.

[0047] One of the second planet carriers 54 is disposed at the opening of the accommodating groove and abuts against the first inner gear ring 44, and limits the axial direction of the other side of the first inner gear ring 44, that is, the axial limitation of the first inner gear ring 44 is achieved through the cooperation between the main case 11 and the second planet carrier 54. One of the two output planetary gear trains is close to the planetary gear mechanism, that is, the second planet carrier 54 close to the first inner gear ring 44 abuts against the first inner gear ring 44.

[0048] The first sun gear 41 forms a hollow second accommodating cavity inside, and the two second sun gears 51 are partially located in the second accommodating cavity, making full use of the space. The second sun gear 51 is provided with a shoulder, and the shoulders of the two second sun gears 51 are provided with a gap with the first sun gear 41 for axial limiting.

[0049] Optionally, the two second sun gears 51 are connected by bolts 56 and spline sleeves 57. The bolts 56 extend along the axial direction of the second sun gears 51, pass through the inner hole of the shaft of one second sun gear 51, and are connected to the other second sun gear 51. The spline sleeve 57 is located in the second accommodating cavity and is sleeved at the connection between the two second sun gears 51.

[0050] The second sun gear 51 is provided with an external spline that cooperates with the spline sleeve 57 . The spline sleeve 57 is axially limited by the restriction of the root circle of the external splines on the two second sun gears 51 .

[0051] The first planet carrier 43 is sleeved on the outer circumference of one of the second sun gears 51 and connected to the second sun gear 51 through a key or a gear, and then the first planet carrier 43 transmits power to one of the second sun gears 51. Positioning rings are provided on both axial sides of the first planet carrier 43 to axially limit the first planet carrier 43. The two positioning rings are installed, one of which is by means of the annular groove provided on the second sun gear 51, and the other is clamped on the first planet carrier 43 and abuts against the pump group of the gear box.

[0052] The pump group in the gearbox includes an oil pump 61, a first gear 62 connected to the input end of the oil pump 61, and a second gear 63 meshing with the first gear 62, and the second gear 63 is fixedly connected to the first sun gear 41. The oil pump 61 is installed on the oil pump support seat, and the oil pump support seat is installed on the main case 11 by bolts. The second gear 63 is sleeved on the first sun gear 41 and connected to the first sun gear 41 by a key or a pin. The rotation of the first sun gear 41 is transmitted to the second gear 63. And then transmitted to the oil pump 61 through the first gear 62. A bearing and a bearing support are arranged between the main case 11 and the second gear 63, and a positioning ring is clamped on the first planetary carrier 43 and abuts against the bearing support.

[0053] In addition, the pump group in the gearbox also includes an oil seal pressure plate 64, which is connected to the second inner gear ring 53 by bolts. An oil seal to prevent oil leakage is installed between the auxiliary box body 12 and the oil seal pressure plate 64. The second inner gear ring 53 is provided with an oil hole for accelerating the rapid flow of oil near the oil seal. The second planetary carrier 54 is connected to a rotary joint 65 by bolts. High-pressure water is transmitted to the inside of the rotary joint 65 through the hole inside the second planetary carrier 54, and then transmitted to the cutting head of the tunnel boring machine for cooling.

[0054] The oil pump 61 is used for lubrication, and the transmission mechanism has a low risk of damage under the condition of abundant lubricating oil. The oil pump 61 is driven by the first sun gear 41 through the transmission of the first gear 62 and the second gear 63, has a simple structure, few parts, low risk of oil leakage, and a safe and reliable lubrication method.

[0055] For the convenience of processing, all gears in the gearbox can be processed by simultaneous gear hobbing and gear grinding in combination with the actual stress conditions, which has high processing efficiency and low processing cost.

[0056] When the gearbox is in use, power is input from the input shaft 21 of the parallel gear mechanism, transmitted to the bevel gear shaft 31 through the parallel gear pair 22, transmitted to the first sun gear 41 through the bevel gear 32, transmitted to the first planetary carrier 43 through the first planetary gear 42, and transmitted to the other second sun gear 51 through one of the second sun gears 51, forming power splitting; the second sun gear 51 transmits power to the second planetary gear 52, the second planetary gear 52 transmits power to the second inner ring 53, and the second inner ring 53 outputs power, realizing single input and dual output.

[0057] An embodiment of the present invention further provides a hard rock tunnel boring machine, comprising the above-mentioned gear box. Other structures of the tunnel boring machine are not described in detail herein and can be regarded as prior art.

[0058] The above embodiments are only to illustrate the basic principles and characteristics of the present invention. The present invention is not limited by the above embodiments. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may be subject to various changes and modifications, which are within the scope of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A gear box, comprising a box body and a transmission mechanism arranged in the box body, characterized in that: The transmission mechanism comprises a parallel gear mechanism, a bevel gear mechanism, a planetary gear mechanism and two output planetary gear trains connected in sequence; The planetary gear mechanism comprises a first sun gear (41), a first planet gear (42) and a first planet carrier (43), wherein the first sun gear (41) drives the first planet carrier (43) to rotate via the first planet gear (42); The output planetary gear train comprises a second sun gear (51), a second planetary gear (52) and a second inner gear ring (53); the second inner gear ring (53) is sleeved on the outer periphery of the second sun gear (51) and meshes with the second planetary gear (52); the second sun gear (51) drives the second inner gear ring (53) to rotate through the second planetary gear (52); The two second sun gears (51) are coaxially arranged and detachably connected, and one of the second sun gears (51) is fixedly connected to the first planet carrier (43); The bevel gear mechanism comprises a bevel gear shaft (31) and a bevel gear (32) meshing with the bevel gear shaft (31), the parallel gear mechanism is connected to the bevel gear shaft (31), and the first sun gear (41) is fixedly connected to the bevel gear (32); A hollow first accommodating chamber is formed inside the bevel gear (32), a portion of the first sun gear (41) is located in the first accommodating chamber, a hollow second accommodating chamber is formed inside the first sun gear (41), and both of the two second sun gears (51) are partially located in the second accommodating chamber; The planetary gear mechanism further comprises a first inner gear ring (44), which is sleeved on the outer periphery of the first sun gear (41) and fixedly connected to the housing, and the first planetary gear (42) is meshed with the first sun gear (41) and the first inner gear ring (44) at the same time.

2. The gearbox according to claim 1, characterized in that: The parallel gear mechanism comprises an input shaft (21) and a parallel gear pair (22), and the input shaft (21) is transmission-connected with the bevel gear shaft (31) via the parallel gear pair (22).

3. The gearbox according to claim 2, characterized in that: The plane where the axis of the parallel gear pair (22) is located is perpendicular to the plane where the axis of the bevel gear shaft (31) and the axis of the bevel gear (32) are located.

4. The gearbox according to claim 1, characterized in that: The output planetary gear train further comprises a second planet carrier (54) and a planet shaft (55); the second planet carrier (54) is fixedly connected to the housing; the planet shaft (55) is fixedly connected to the second planet carrier (54); and the second planetary gear (52) is rotatably arranged on the planet shaft (55).

5. The gearbox according to claim 4, characterized in that: The box body is provided with a receiving groove, the first inner gear ring (44) is located in the receiving groove, and one of the second planet carriers (54) is arranged at the opening of the receiving groove and abuts against the first inner gear ring (44).

6. The gearbox according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The two second sun gears (51) are connected via bolts (56) and spline sleeves (57); the bolts (56) extend along the axial direction of the second sun gear (51); the spline sleeve (57) is sleeved at the connection between the two second sun gears (51); and the second sun gear (51) is provided with external splines that cooperate with the spline sleeve (57).

7. A hard rock tunnel boring machine, characterized in that: Comprising a gearbox as described in any one of claims 1-6.

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