A double pressure-equalizing quick anchor rod and construction method thereof

Abstract

The present invention discloses a double pressure-equalizing quick anchor and its construction method. It comprises an anchor body, an anchor tube body sleeved on the anchor body, and a pressure-equalizing tray. An anchoring component is provided at the inner end of the anchor body located inside the rock body, a sealing fastener is provided at the exposed end, a grouting adjustment coupling nozzle is fixed at the exposed end of the anchor tube body, two groups of grouting outlets are provided at one end of the anchor tube body located inside the rock body, a grouting stop component is provided at a distance of 50-400mm from the grouting adjustment coupling nozzle, and the pressure-equalizing tray is sleeved on the anchor tube body close to the grouting adjustment coupling nozzle. The present invention overcomes the defects of the existing anchors, such as inconvenient anchoring agent construction, inconvenience in assembling multiple components, unreliable grouting stop structure, insufficient grouting fullness, difficulty in cleaning grouting equipment, and lack of adaptability to a wide range of deformation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a coal mine tunnel anchor rod and a construction technology thereof. Background Art

[0002] Anchor rods or a combination of anchor rods and grouting are commonly used for geotechnical engineering reinforcement. Common anchor rods include anchoring agents, rod bodies, trays, nuts and washers, etc. The general method of installing anchor rods is to drill holes, put in anchoring agents, connect the anchor rods to the drilling rig, push the anchoring agents to the bottom of the hole, stir, and tighten the nuts after solidification. This type of anchor rod has a simple structure and can meet most engineering geological needs. For occasions where complex geological conditions require higher anchoring reliability, higher performance anchor rods are required. The most ideal anchor should have a grouting anchor rod with high prestress and full-length anchoring that can adapt to surrounding rock deformation.

[0003] There are many types of grouting anchors. The steel pipe grouting anchor is a steel pipe with many grouting holes drilled on it, with a tray and a grouting stopper. During installation, it is directly inserted into the borehole, and the end of the anchor is fixed by a shell expansion structure or an anchoring agent. The tray nut is fixed to the surrounding rock surface before grouting. This type of grouting anchor has low prestress, and the anchor strength is difficult to achieve the same as that of ordinary anchors. There are many construction processes, the slurry is not full enough, and the grouting process management is complicated.

[0004] The spin anchor pipe is a spiral thread fixed on a steel pipe. During installation, the spin anchor pipe is rotated by a drilling rig, and the spiral thread of the spin anchor pipe is engraved into the drilled rock mass. No anchoring agent is required. Grouting can be performed after installation. This type of grouting anchor can achieve full-length bonding and is relatively convenient to construct, but there is no prestress, and the anchor strength is difficult to achieve the same as that of ordinary anchors. Therefore, its adaptability is limited.

[0005] The grouting anchor cable made of steel strands uses 7-8 steel wires wrapped around a grouting pipe to form the main body. The grouting anchor cable is provided with a grouting port and a grouting stopper. During construction, the cable body is fixed with an anchoring agent. After installing the tray and lock, the grouting is completed. This type of grouting anchor cable has high strength and grouting, and can achieve full-length anchoring, but its use is limited because the elongation is difficult to meet the large deformation characteristics of coal mine tunnels. There is also a grouting anchor rod, which is a method of placing a grouting pipe in the borehole to convert an ordinary anchor rod into a grouting anchor rod. This type of product has greatly improved strength, but the grouting fullness and poor adaptability to large deformation surrounding rock characteristics are mainly due to the complex construction process and poor reliability, so it is rarely used.

[0006] The common problems in the construction of these anchor rods (cables) are:

[0007] Many components need to be assembled on site by staff, which is inconvenient to operate, wastes man-hours, has many construction procedures, is complex to construct, and cannot adapt to high mine pressure and large deformation caused by relatively complex geological changes. For example, anchor bolts and anchoring agents need to be inserted into the borehole by hand. There is wire mesh at the borehole mouth or the surface is uneven. The anchoring agent is soft. The height of the human body and the random coal accumulation on the working surface make it inconvenient to climb up for construction. Although this process is simple, it is difficult to construct and affects the construction speed. The slurry ratio and equipment use in the important grouting process are important factors that affect the construction on site. Summary of the invention

[0008] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a double-pressure equalizing quick anchor rod and its construction method, so as to overcome the defects of the existing anchor rods, such as inconvenient anchoring agent construction, inconvenience in assembling various components, unreliable grouting and stopping structure, insufficient grouting fullness, difficulty in cleaning grouting equipment and lack of adaptability to a wide range of deformation.

[0009] The technical solution of the present invention is: a double pressure-equalizing quick anchor, characterized in that it includes an anchor body, an anchor tube body sleeved outside the anchor body and a pressure-equalizing tray, an anchoring component is provided at the inner end of the anchor body located inside the rock body, a sealing fastener is provided at the exposed end, a grouting adjustment coupling nozzle is fixed at the exposed end of the anchor tube body, two groups of grouting outlets are provided at one end of the anchor tube body located inside the rock body, a grouting stop component is provided at a distance of 50-400mm from the grouting adjustment coupling nozzle of the anchor tube body, and the pressure-equalizing tray is sleeved on the anchor tube body close to the grouting adjustment coupling nozzle.

[0010] A double pressure-equalizing quick anchor rod is characterized in that a sealing fastener is composed of a nut and a sealing rubber ring.

[0011] A double pressure-equalizing quick anchor, characterized in that the anchoring member has two structures:

[0012] The first structure is the anchor structure, which consists of a fixed sleeve and an anchor that is sleeved on the outside of the end of the anchor body;

[0013] The second structure is a mechanical anchoring structure, which adopts multiple groups of rotating expansion structures. Each group of rotating expansion structures consists of a cone connected by threads and an expansion shell sleeved outside the cone. A bidirectional expansion joint is arranged on the expansion shell. The inner hole of the cone is a female thread that matches the male thread arranged at the end of the anchor body. A damping plate fixed to the anchor body is arranged at the lower end of the expansion shell.

[0014] A double pressure-equalizing quick anchor, characterized in that the grouting and deviation adjustment coupling nozzle comprises a coupling curved surface, a grouting port and an end face sealing platform, the coupling curved surface is coupled with the tray hole, the grouting port is located on both sides of the circumference of the grouting and deviation adjustment coupling nozzle, the hole center lines coincide, the hole diameter is 5-15mm, and the end face sealing platform is an annular cylindrical platform with an inner diameter the same as the outer diameter of the anchor tube body, a bottom width of 3-5mm, and a height of 2-6mm.

[0015] A double pressure-equalizing quick anchor rod, characterized in that the pressure-equalizing tray is composed of a star-rib tray and a soft damping pad. The sharp rib of the star-rib tray is a variable-section rib, the rib direction faces the four top corners of the tray, the rib height is 5-30mm, the width is 50-5mm, and the soft damping pad arranged on the plane side of the star-rib tray is 10-40mm thick.

[0016] A double pressure-equalizing quick anchor, characterized in that the grout-stopping member has two structures:

[0017] The first grout-stopping structure is composed of a damping retaining ring and a hollow O-shaped grout-stopping plug, the hollow O-shaped grout-stopping plug is provided with an opening, and the damping retaining ring is fixed on the anchor pipe body below the hollow O-shaped grout-stopping plug;

[0018] The second grout-stopping structure is to place a conical plastic plug between the tray and the surrounding rock.

[0019] Advantages of the present invention:

[0020] The anchor rod has a high degree of integration and eliminates the step of placing anchoring agent during the anchor rod installation process, which greatly simplifies the construction process; the composite rod body composed of the anchor rod body and the anchor tube body and the slurry between the two layers form a mechanical composite pressure-relieving effect, which can adapt to the changeable characteristics of the surrounding rock geology and has excellent performance under complex and changeable high mining pressure and large deformation conditions; grouting does not require a double-liquid mixer, realizing cleaning-free grouting, which greatly simplifies the construction process; it can adapt to the control needs of the surrounding rock at different times.

[0021] The anchor rod structure uses a solid anchor rod body, overcoming the strength reduction factor of the hollow rod body, and the strength can be the highest among all the current grouting anchor rod products. The anchor tube body sleeved on the outside of the anchor rod body can firmly fix the anchoring agent, making the original manual insertion of the anchoring agent convenient, fast and accurate, preventing breakage, and workers do not need to work at heights, which improves efficiency and safety. The gap between the anchor rod body and the anchor tube body has spiral resistance, which can make the two liquids mix evenly and easily full. It can achieve fast installation and convenient construction, and meet the "high-large-long anchor fixing law" of anchoring technology to achieve the best anchoring effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the anchor rod as a whole, the anchor rod body and the fastening seal of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the anchor pipe structure.

[0024] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of an anchoring component.

[0025] Figure 4 It is another structural schematic diagram of the anchoring member.

[0026] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of a structure of a grouting deviation adjustment coupling nozzle and a grout stopping component.

[0027] Figure 6 It is a structural diagram of the damping ring.

[0028] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a pallet.

[0029] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the soft damping pad of the pallet.

[0030] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of another structure of the slurry stopping component.

[0031] Fig.10 It is one of the construction methods of anchoring components using anchoring agents.

[0032] Fig.11 It is the second construction method of anchoring components using anchoring agents.

[0033] Fig.12 It is a construction method in which the anchoring components adopt an expanding shell structure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Example

[0035] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, a double pressure-equalizing quick anchor is characterized in that it includes an anchor body 1, an anchor tube body 2 sleeved on the anchor body and a pressure-equalizing tray 4, an anchoring component 3 is provided at the inner end of the anchor body 1 located inside the rock mass, a sealing fastener 5 is provided at the exposed end, a grouting adjustment coupling nozzle 6 is fixed at the exposed end of the anchor tube body 2, two groups of grouting outlets 7 are provided at one end of the anchor tube body 2 located inside the rock mass, a grouting stop component 8 is provided at a distance of 50-400mm from the anchor tube body 2 close to the grouting adjustment coupling nozzle 6, and the pressure-equalizing tray 4 is sleeved on the anchor tube body 2 close to the grouting adjustment coupling nozzle 6.

[0036] The sealing fastener 5 is composed of a nut 5-1 and a sealing rubber ring 5-2.

[0037] The anchoring member 3 has two structures:

[0038] like Figure 3 As shown, the first structure is an anchoring agent structure, which is composed of a fixing sleeve 3-1-2 sleeved on the outside of the end of the anchor body 1 and an anchoring agent 3-1-1;

[0039] like Figure 4As shown, the second structure is a mechanical anchoring structure, which adopts multiple groups of rotary expansion structures. Each group of rotary expansion structures includes a cone 3-2-1 connected by threads and an expansion shell 3-2-2 sleeved on the outside of the cone 3-2-1. A bidirectional expansion joint 3-2-3 is arranged on the expansion shell 3-2-2. The inner hole of the cone is a female thread that matches the male thread arranged at the end of the anchor body 1. A damping plate 3-2-4 fixed to the anchor body 1 is arranged at the lower end of the expansion shell 3-2-2.

[0040] like Figure 5 As shown, the grouting and deflection adjustment coupling nozzle 6 includes a coupling surface 6-1, a grouting port 6-2 and an end face sealing platform 6-3. The coupling surface 6-1 is coupled with the tray hole. The grouting port 6-2 is located on both sides of the circumference of the grouting and deflection adjustment coupling nozzle 6. The center lines of the holes coincide with each other. The hole diameter is 5-15mm. The end face sealing platform 6-3 is an annular cylindrical platform with an inner diameter the same as the outer diameter of the anchor tube body, a bottom width of 3-5mm, and a height of 2-6mm.

[0041] like Figure 7 , Figure 8 As shown, the pressure equalizing tray 4 is composed of a star rib tray and a soft damping pad 4-2. The pointed rib 4-1 of the star rib tray is a variable-section rib, the rib direction faces the four top corners of the tray, the rib height is 5-30mm, the width is 50-5mm, and the soft damping pad 4-2 arranged on the plane side of the star rib tray has a thickness of 10-40mm.

[0042] The slurry stopping member 8 has two structures:

[0043] like Figure 5 , Figure 6 As shown, the first grout-stopping structure is composed of a damping retaining ring 8-1-1 and a hollow O-shaped grout-stopping plug 8-1-2. The hollow O-shaped grout-stopping plug 8-1-2 is provided with 1-5 openings 8-1-3. The damping retaining ring 8-1-1 is fixed on the anchor pipe body 2 below the hollow O-shaped grout-stopping plug 8-1-2.

[0044] like Fig. 9 As shown, the second grout-stopping structure is to place a conical plastic plug 8-2 between the tray 4 and the surrounding rock. Example

[0045] like Fig.10 As shown, a double-pressure equalizing quick anchor rod, the construction method using the anchoring agent structure is:

[0046] Step 1: Drill anchor holes. The diameter of the holes should be such that the double pressure equalizing quick anchor can be inserted smoothly. The hole depth should be the anchor length minus 100mm.

[0047] Step 2: Send the double pressure-equalizing quick anchor into the borehole and push it with a drilling rig until the tray 4 fits with the surrounding rock;

[0048] Step 3: Continue to push the anchoring member 3 to the bottom of the hole until it cannot be pushed any further;

[0049] Step 4: Use the drill to rotate and push upward. When the anchoring agent 3-1-1 of the anchoring member 3 is stirred and solidified, continue to rotate the drill to tighten the nut 5-1 until the torque reaches 240Nm;

[0050] Step 5: When it is necessary to strengthen the support, grout is injected into the anchor hole through the grouting port 6-2 on the grouting adjustment coupling nozzle 6 until the grout returns to the position of the tray 4 or the pressure reaches 5Mpa. Example

[0051] like Fig.11 As shown, a double-pressure equalizing quick anchor rod, the second construction method using the anchoring agent structure is:

[0052] Step 1: Drill anchor holes. The diameter of the holes should be such that the double pressure equalizing quick anchor can be inserted smoothly. The hole depth should be the anchor length minus 100mm.

[0053] Step 2: Separate the anchor rod body 1 from the anchor pipe body 2;

[0054] Step 3: insert the anchor tube body 2 with the anchoring agent 3-1-1 and the pressure equalizing tray 4 into the borehole, let the tray 4 close to the rock surface, and then insert the anchor rod body 1;

[0055] Step 4: Use a drilling rig to push the anchor rod body 1 to push the anchoring agent 3-1-1 to the bottom of the hole until it cannot be pushed any further;

[0056] Step 5: Use the drill to rotate and push upward until the nut 5-1 is close to the surrounding rock and the torque reaches 240Nm;

[0057] Step 6: When the surrounding rock needs to be reinforced, grout is injected into the anchor hole through the grouting port 6-2 on the grouting adjustment coupling nozzle 6 until the grout returns to the position of the tray 4 or the pressure reaches 5Mpa. Example

[0058] like Fig.12 As shown, a double-pressure equalizing quick anchor rod, the construction method of which adopts a mechanical anchoring structure is:

[0059] Step 1: Drill the anchor hole, the drill bit diameter is 5-10mm larger than the outer diameter of the anchor member 3, and the hole depth is 100-200mm larger than the anchor length;

[0060] Step 2: Insert the double pressure-equalizing quick anchor into the borehole and push it until the pressure-equalizing tray 4 is close to the rock surface;

[0061] Step 3: Use a drilling rig to push the anchor body 1 upward until the nut 5-1 is close to the grouting deviation adjustment coupling nozzle 6, then rotate the drilling rig to drive the anchor body 1 to rotate until the torque reaches 240Nm;

[0062] Step 4: grouting is performed into the anchor hole through the grouting port 6-2 on the grouting adjustment coupling nozzle 6 until the grouting returns to the position of the tray 4 or the pressure reaches 5 MPa.

[0063] It should be noted that the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiment, it is still possible for those skilled in the art to modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiment or to make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein.

[0064] Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A double pressure equalizing quick anchor, characterized by The invention comprises an anchor rod body (1), an anchor pipe body (2) sleeved outside the anchor rod body, and a pressure equalizing tray (4); an anchoring component (3) is provided at the inner end of the anchor rod body (1) located inside the rock body, a sealing fastener (5) is provided at the exposed end, a grouting adjustment coupling nozzle (6) is fixed at the exposed end of the anchor pipe body (2), two groups of grout outlets (7) are provided at one end of the anchor pipe body (2) located inside the rock body, a grout stopping component (8) is provided at a distance of 50-400 mm from the grouting adjustment coupling nozzle (6) of the anchor pipe body (2), and the pressure equalizing tray (4) is sleeved on the anchor pipe body (2) close to the grouting adjustment coupling nozzle (6); The anchoring member (3) has two structures: The first structure is an anchoring agent structure, which is composed of a fixing sleeve (3-1-2) sleeved on the outside of the end of the anchor rod body (1) and an anchoring agent (3-1-1); The second structure is a mechanical anchoring structure, which uses multiple groups of rotating expansion structures. Each group of rotating expansion structures includes a cone (3-2-1) connected by threads and an expansion shell (3-2-2) sleeved outside the cone (3-2-1). A bidirectional expansion joint (3-2-3) is arranged on the expansion shell (3-2-2). The inner hole of the cone is a female thread that matches the male thread arranged at the end of the anchor body (1). A damping plate (3-2-4) fixed to the anchor body (1) is arranged at the lower end of the expansion shell (3-2-2). The grouting deflection adjustment coupling nozzle (6) comprises a coupling curved surface (6-1), a grouting port (6-2) and an end face sealing platform (6-3); the coupling curved surface (6-1) is coupled with the tray hole; the grouting port (6-2) is located on both sides of the circumference of the grouting deflection adjustment coupling nozzle (6); the center lines of the grouting ports coincide with each other; the hole diameter is 5-15 mm; and the end face sealing platform (6-3) is an annular cylindrical platform with an inner diameter the same as the inner diameter of the anchor tube body, a bottom width of 3-5 mm and a height of 2-6 mm; The pressure equalizing tray (4) is composed of a star rib tray and a soft damping pad (4-2). The sharp rib (4-1) of the star rib tray is a variable cross-section rib, the rib direction faces the four top corners of the tray, the rib height is 5-30mm, and the width is 50-5mm. The soft damping pad (4-2) arranged on the plane side of the star rib tray has a thickness of 10-40mm.

2. The dual pressure equalizing quick anchor as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that The sealing fastener (5) is composed of a nut (5-1) and a sealing rubber ring (5-2).

3. The double pressure equalizing quick anchor rod according to claim 1 is characterized in that The slurry component (8) has two structures: The first grout-stopping structure is composed of a damping retaining ring (8-1-1) and a hollow O-shaped grout-stopping plug (8-1-2), the hollow O-shaped grout-stopping plug (8-1-2) is provided with an opening (8-1-3), and the damping retaining ring (8-1-1) is fixed on the anchor pipe body (2) below the hollow O-shaped grout-stopping plug (8-1-2); The second grout-stopping structure is to place a conical plastic plug (8-2) between the tray (4) and the surrounding rock.

4. A dual pressure equalizing quick anchor as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The construction method using the anchoring agent structure is as follows: Step 1: Drill the anchor hole. The diameter of the hole is based on the smooth insertion of the double-pressure equalizing quick anchor. The hole depth is the anchor length minus 100mm. Step 2: Insert the double pressure equalizing quick anchor into the borehole and push it with a drilling rig until the tray (4) fits the surrounding rock; Step 3: Continue to push the anchoring member (3) to the bottom of the hole until it cannot be pushed any further; Step 4: Use the drill to rotate and push upwards. When the anchoring agent (3-1-1) of the anchoring member (3) is stirred and solidified, continue to rotate the drill and tighten the nut (5-1) until the torque reaches 240 Nm. Step 5: When it is necessary to strengthen the support, grout is injected into the anchor hole through the grouting port (6-2) on the grouting deflection coupling nozzle (6) until the grout returns to the position of the tray (4) or the pressure reaches 5Mpa.

5. A dual pressure equalizing quick anchor as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The second construction method using anchor structure is: Step 1: Drill anchor holes. The diameter of the holes should be such that the double pressure equalizing quick anchor can be inserted smoothly. The hole depth should be the anchor length minus 100mm. Step 2: Separate the anchor rod body (1) from the anchor pipe body (2); Step 3: insert the anchor tube body (2) with the anchoring agent (3-1-1) and the pressure equalizing tray (4) into the borehole, and insert the anchor rod body (1) after the tray (4) is close to the rock surface; Step 4: Use a drilling rig to push the anchor rod body (1) to push the anchoring agent (3-1-1) to the bottom of the hole until it can no longer be pushed; Step 5: Use the drill to rotate and push upwards. When the anchoring agent (3-1-1) of the anchoring member (3) is stirred and solidified, continue to rotate the drill to tighten the nut until the torque reaches 240 Nm. Step 6: When the surrounding rock needs to be reinforced, grout is injected into the anchor hole through the grouting port (6-2) on the grouting deflection coupling nozzle (6) until the grout returns to the position of the tray (4) or the pressure reaches 5Mpa.

6. A dual pressure equalizing quick anchor as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The construction method using mechanical anchoring structure is: Step 1: Drill the anchor hole, with the drill bit diameter being 5-10 mm larger than the outer diameter of the anchor member (3) and the hole depth being 100-200 mm larger than the anchor length; Step 2: Insert the double pressure-equalizing quick anchor into the borehole and push it until the pressure-equalizing tray (4) is close to the rock surface; Step 3: Use a drilling rig to push the anchor rod body (1) upward until the nut (5-1) is tightly attached to the grouting deflection adjustment coupling nozzle (6), then rotate the drilling rig to drive the anchor rod body (1) to rotate until the torque reaches 240 Nm; Step 4: Grouting is injected into the anchor hole through the grouting port (6-2) on the grouting deflection coupling nozzle (6) until the grouting returns to the position of the tray (4) or the pressure reaches 5 MPa.

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