Prefabricated concrete column connected by non-grouting sleeve and installation method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a precast concrete column connected without a grouting sleeve and an installation method. The present invention has a simple and reasonable structure, strong operability and high construction efficiency, realizes the visualization of the installation process of the precast concrete column, makes the inspection and acceptance of each process more intuitive, and enables the precast concrete column connecting steel bars and the embedded anchoring bars to be reliably connected at each position, avoids the common technical defects of the grouting sleeve connection technology, such as the difficulty in lifting the precast component into place, the insufficient filling of grouting material between the anchor bar and the grouting sleeve, the low connection strength of the grouting joint, and the inability to perform effective in-process quality control, fundamentally guarantees the connection quality between the precast concrete column and the main structure, and further guarantees the construction quality of the main structure engineering of the precast concrete building.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a precast concrete column and an installation method, in particular to a precast concrete column connected without a grouting sleeve and an installation method. Background Art

[0002] With the acceleration of my country's urbanization process, prefabricated building technology has been increasingly used. Compared with traditional cast-in-place concrete structure buildings, prefabricated buildings have the advantages of convenient construction, short construction period, less pollution to the surrounding environment, easy factory production of building components, batch centralized production, and easy quality assurance of components. Among them, the connection between prefabricated components and the main structure is the focus and difficulty of quality control of prefabricated building construction.

[0003] At present, the connection technology of pre-embedded anchoring rebar sleeve grouting is one of the mainstream technologies for connecting precast concrete column components with the main structure of the building. Before the precast column components are hoisted into place, anchoring rebars are pre-embedded at the installation position of the main structure, and grouting sleeves are pre-embedded at the bottom of the precast column components and at the position corresponding to the reserved anchoring rebars. Then, the precast column components are hoisted into place, the sleeves are put on the anchoring rebars and the anchoring rebars are vertically centered in the sleeves. Finally, special grouting materials are used for pressure grouting to fill the gap between the sleeves and the anchoring rebars tightly, and the high strength of the grouting materials themselves is used to connect the components to the main structure. A construction process. However, in the actual construction process, since the embedded dowels need to go through processes such as binding and fixing, concrete vibration, etc., and are affected by various factors during the construction process, it is inevitable that the position of the embedded dowels will change. Therefore, it is difficult to ensure that all the embedded sleeves of the same component can be accurately put on the anchor dowels and ensure that the anchor dowels are vertically centered in the sleeve, which affects the installation quality and construction efficiency of the prefabricated column. On the one hand, since the gap between the anchor dowels and the grouting sleeve is small, usually 8-12mm, when there is a deviation in the embedded position of the anchor dowels, it is easy to reduce the gap between the anchor dowels and the inner wall of the sleeve or directly contact them, resulting in the inability to fully connect the anchor dowels and the sleeve through the grouting material, thereby reducing the connection strength between the sleeve and the anchor dowels; on the other hand, when the position deviation of a large number of anchor dowels of the same vertical prefabricated component exceeds the allowable deviation range, it will seriously reduce the connection strength between the vertical component and the main structure, thereby posing a serious safety hazard to the overall construction quality of the main structure project; on the one hand, there is no visibility in the process acceptance, and the prefabricated After the vertical components are in place, it is impossible to observe from the outside whether the anchor bar is vertically centered in the sleeve. Therefore, it is impossible to determine whether the gap width between the anchor bar and the grouting sleeve is uniform and meets the filling requirements of the grouting material. Only after the grouting material is filled, the special testing equipment can be used to detect whether the joint quality of the connection part is qualified (when it is detected to be unqualified, only passive reinforcement remedial measures can be taken, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive, and the quality cannot be guaranteed); on the one hand, due to the position deviation of the anchor bar and the grouting sleeve of the precast concrete column component, it is difficult to smoothly put the precast concrete column component in place. The position of the anchor bar needs to be constantly corrected during the installation and construction process, which reduces the construction efficiency. Therefore, it is necessary to innovate the structural construction and technology of the currently commonly used pre-buried anchor bar + sleeve grouting connection technology, improve the visualization of the process acceptance, improve the installation and construction efficiency of the precast concrete column component, ensure the connection construction quality of each connecting steel bar of the precast column component and the anchor bar corresponding to the installation position of the main structure, and further ensure the connection quality between each precast column component and the main structure, and ensure the construction quality of the main structure project. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the invention is to provide a precast concrete column connected by a non-grouting sleeve and an installation method.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0006] A precast concrete column connected without a grouting sleeve, characterized in that it comprises a precast column component body, a lower sealing plate, and embedded anchoring bars; a slope step-type structure is arranged around the bottom of the precast column component body; a grouting hole and a connection and fixing screw hole are arranged above the edge of the slope step-type structure at the bottom of the precast column component body; the slope step-type structure comprises an upper oblique slope surface and a lower vertical facade; a connecting steel bar is arranged at the lower end of the precast column component body; a straight horizontal steel bar is arranged on the vertical facade of the lower section of the slope step-type structure; and a horizontal strip reinforcement belt is arranged on the outer side of the vertical facade of the lower section of the slope step-type structure; a concave shear groove is arranged in the center of the bottom of the precast column component body; and a concave shear groove is arranged around the concave shear groove to radiate outwards through the slope surface The grouting groove of the vertical facade of the lower section of the stepped structure, the inner side of the lower sealing plate and the opposite side of the slope stepped structure of the prefabricated column component body are sealing plate slope stepped structures of matching shape and leaving a gap, the gap between the slope stepped structure and the sealing plate slope stepped structure is filled with grouting material, the bottom of the lower sealing plate is provided with grouting holes, the inner side of the lower sealing plate is provided with a sealing plate horizontal strip reinforcement belt, the lower sealing plate is temporarily fixed to the prefabricated column component body by connecting fixings and screws, the surface joints between the prefabricated column component body and the lower sealing plate and between the prefabricated column component body and the base layer of the installation position are provided with sealing belts, the embedded anchoring dowel bars are longitudinally arranged, tied or welded with the connecting steel bars and the straight horizontal steel bars, and connected to the upper prefabricated column component body.

[0007] There is a grouting body between the slope stepped structure and the cover plate slope stepped structure and between the bottom of the prefabricated column component body and the base of the installation position.

[0008] The straight horizontal steel bars are arranged transversely through the lower section of the stepped structure of the slope surface and are arranged vertically with the connecting steel bars at the lower end of the prefabricated column component body.

[0009] A method for installing a precast concrete column connected by a non-grouting sleeve, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

[0010] Step 1: Production of prefabricated column component body and prefabricated column bottom cover plate: The prefabricated column component body and prefabricated column bottom cover plate are processed and formed in one go in the prefabrication factory using a standardized mold. The processing and manufacturing method and process flow are basically the same as those of ordinary prefabricated concrete column components. During the production of the prefabricated column component body, the column reinforcement is tied according to the requirements of the design drawings, and reserved connecting reinforcement without grouting sleeves are set at the bottom of the column, and embedded anchoring bars are set at the top of the column. A standardized slope stepped formwork is used at the bottom of the column, and grouting holes are set on the standardized slope stepped formwork. After the dimensions of each part of the prefabricated column component body and the reserved and embedded parts are checked to be correct, concrete is poured and maintained to form the prefabricated column component. Main body; During the production process of the prefabricated column bottom cover plate, the steel bars are tied according to the requirements of the design drawings; the prefabricated column bottom cover plate is made into a set of the fixed slope stepped template and the prefabricated column component body, and the shape and size of the prefabricated column bottom cover plate after forming are consistent with the prefabricated column component body, and a 10-20mm gap is reserved; after the dimensions of each part of the prefabricated column bottom cover plate and the reservation and embedding are checked to be correct, the concrete is poured and cured to form the prefabricated column bottom cover plate; after the prefabricated column component body and the prefabricated column bottom cover plate components are completed, fixing measures and finished product protection measures should be taken in time, and after the construction site is ready for component installation, it should be transported to the site for installation;

[0011] Step 2: Construction of pre-embedded anchor bars: There are two ways to construct pre-embedded anchor bars: construction of pre-embedded anchor bars for the main structure and construction of pre-embedded anchor bars for precast columns. For construction of pre-embedded anchor bars for the main structure, anchor bars are embedded in the base structure of the installation site, and the steel bars are embedded before the first precast column is hoisted into place. Pre-embedded anchor bars for precast columns are embedded during the factory production process of the precast columns, and serve as the load-bearing steel bars connected to the precast concrete columns of the superstructure. During the construction of pre-embedded anchor bars, the deviations in the plane position, verticality, anchorage length, and exposed length of the pre-embedded anchor bars are strictly controlled in accordance with the specifications and design requirements to complete the pre-embedded installation of the anchor bars.

[0012] Step 3: a: Review before installation: Before installing the prefabricated column component body, the specifications, quantity, position, verticality, exposed length, etc. of the embedded anchoring steel bars at the installation site shall be inspected and qualified; the prefabricated column component body and the prefabricated column bottom cover and other concrete components shall be carefully inspected to see whether the dimensions of each part and the concrete strength grade meet the design requirements, whether there is any damage or cracking on the surface of the concrete structure, whether the specifications, quantity and position of the reserved connecting steel bars are correct, and whether the embedded and reserved parts such as electromechanical pipelines are accurate, etc.;

[0013] b: When the prefabricated column components are hoisted into place, they are fixed with special hoists and ropes. They are transported to the installation location by hoisting machinery and suspended for 0.5-1m. Then the prefabricated column components are aligned with the installation location and slowly dropped. Metal gaskets are set under the columns to adjust the level and elevation of the columns. After checking that the plane position, verticality and elevation of the prefabricated column components meet the design and specification requirements, they are immediately fixed with temporary supports and the hoists are removed to complete the installation and fixation of the prefabricated column components.

[0014] Step 4: Connection construction of reserved connecting steel bars and embedded anchor bars: Use steel bar connection technology such as binding or welding to connect the reserved connecting steel bars on the prefabricated column component body with the embedded anchor bars at the installation location; then bend the straight horizontal steel bars at the lower vertical slope of the stepped structure of the column body in the direction of the prefabricated column stirrups and wrap the connecting steel bars and embedded anchor bars, and weld them with C-shaped steel bars of the same specifications and models to form closed stirrups; after the steel bar connection is completed, acceptance should be organized immediately, and written and image materials should be formed;

[0015] Step 5: Installation of the bottom cover of the prefabricated column: After the steel bar connection is accepted, the bottom cover of the prefabricated column can be installed. Before installing the bottom cover of the prefabricated column, first clean up the floating dust and garbage in the grouting holes, grouting holes, column bottom and surrounding installation parts; after the bottom cover of the prefabricated column is in place, check and confirm the installation position and elevation of the cover, and use fixings to connect and fix the bottom cover of the prefabricated column to the body of the prefabricated column component;

[0016] Step 6: Sealing construction: After the prefabricated column component body and the prefabricated column bottom cover are installed and fixed, the sealing construction before grouting is immediately carried out. Use cement mortar to seal the warehouse, and use mortar to seal all the joints between the prefabricated column component body and the prefabricated column bottom cover and the base of the installation part. The width of the sealing belt is controlled at 10-20mm;

[0017] Step 7: Grouting, curing and removal of temporary supports: After the sealing is completed, the grouting material should be poured in time, and the grouting material should be injected into the gap between the lower sealing plate of the precast column and the main body of the precast column component through the grouting hole; after curing, the grouting material solidifies and hardens to form a grouting body. When the strength of the grouting body reaches the design requirements, the temporary fixed support and the temporary fixings between the lower sealing plate and the precast column body can be removed to complete the installation construction of the precast concrete column.

[0018] The advantages of the present invention are as follows: simple and reasonable structure, strong operability, high construction efficiency, visualization of the installation process of precast concrete columns, making the inspection and acceptance of each process more intuitive, and each part enables the precast concrete column connecting steel bars and the embedded anchor bars to be reliably connected, avoiding the common technical defects of grouting sleeve connection technology such as difficulty in lifting precast components into place, insufficient grouting material filling between anchor bars and grouting sleeves, low connection strength of grouting joints, and inability to perform effective in-process quality control, thereby fundamentally ensuring the connection quality between the precast concrete column and the main structure, and further ensuring the construction quality of the main structure project of the precast concrete building. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0020] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 For the present invention Figure 1 The structural diagram of 1-1;

[0022] Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 1 The structural diagram of 2-2;

[0023] Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 1 The structural diagram of AA in the middle;

[0024] Figure 5 It is a structural diagram of the prefabricated column component body of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 6 It is a bottom view of the prefabricated column component body of the present invention.

[0026] Among them: 1. Prefabricated column component body; 2. Lower cover plate; 3. Connecting steel bars; 4. Pre-buried anchor bars; 5. Stepped structure on slope surface; 6. Grouting holes; 7. Connecting and fixing screw holes; 8. Concave shear grooves; 9. Grouting grooves; 10. Straight horizontal steel bars; 11. Horizontal reinforcing strips; 12. Stepped structure on cover plate slope surface; 13. Grouting holes; 14. Horizontal reinforcing strips on cover plate; 15. Connecting and fixing parts; 16. Screws; 17. Sealing strips; 18. Grouting body. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] like Figure 1-6As shown, a precast concrete column connected without a grouting sleeve comprises a precast column component body 1, a lower sealing plate 2, and embedded anchoring dowel bars 4. A slope step-type structure 5 is arranged around the bottom of the precast column component body 1. A grouting hole 13 and a connecting and fixing screw hole 7 are arranged above the edge of the slope step-type structure 5 at the bottom of the precast column component body 1. The slope step-type structure 5 comprises an upper oblique slope and a lower vertical facade. A connecting steel bar 3 is arranged at the lower end of the precast column component body 1. A straight horizontal steel bar 10 is arranged on the vertical facade of the lower section of the slope step-type structure 5, and a horizontal strip reinforcement belt 11 is arranged on the outer side of the vertical facade of the lower section of the slope step-type structure 5. A concave shear groove 8 is arranged in the center of the bottom of the precast column component body 1. A grouting groove 9 radiating outwards and penetrating the vertical facade of the lower section of the slope step-type structure is arranged around the concave shear groove 8. The lower sealing plate 2, the inner side opposite to the slope stepped structure 5 of the prefabricated column component body 1 is a sealing plate slope stepped structure 12 of a shape matching with a gap, the gap between the slope stepped structure 5 and the sealing plate slope stepped structure 12 is filled with grouting material, a grouting hole 13 is provided at the bottom of the lower sealing plate 2, a sealing plate horizontal strip reinforcement belt 14 is provided on the inner side of the lower sealing plate 2, the lower sealing plate 2 is temporarily fixed to the prefabricated column component body 1 by connecting fixings 15 and screws 16, and is removed after the grouting body strength reaches the design requirements, a sealing belt is provided at the surface joint between the prefabricated column component body 1 and the lower sealing plate 2 and between the prefabricated column component body 1 and the base of the installation part, the sealing belt is made of cement mortar, the embedded anchoring dowel bar 4 is longitudinally arranged, tied or welded with the connecting steel bar 3 and the straight horizontal steel bar 10, and connected with the upper prefabricated column component body 1. Before installing the lower sealing plate, the connection construction between the precast concrete column component and the embedded anchor bars at the installation site is carried out. The connecting steel bars arranged at the lower end of the precast column component body are connected to the embedded anchor bars arranged at the installation site. The straight horizontal steel bars at the vertical facade of the lower section of the stepped structure of the slope of the column body are bent and wrapped in the direction of the precast column stirrups, and are welded with C-shaped steel bars of the same specification and model to form closed stirrups.

[0028] There is a grouting body 18 between the slope stepped structure 5 and the cover plate slope stepped structure 12 and between the bottom of the prefabricated column component body 1 and the base of the installation site.

[0029] The straight horizontal steel bars 10 are arranged transversely through the lower section of the slope stepped structure 5 and are arranged perpendicularly to the connecting steel bars 3 at the lower end of the prefabricated column component body 1 .

[0030] The reserved connecting steel bars 3 are the main force-bearing bars of the prefabricated column component body. During the prefabrication process of the column component, they are embedded inside the prefabricated column component body according to the requirements of the design drawings. The bottom end of the reserved connecting steel bars is located 10-20mm above the bottom surface of the prefabricated column component body. The exposed size of the connecting steel bars must meet the length requirements of both the steel bar connection and the grouting material anchoring.

[0031] The concave shear groove 8 is located at the center of the bottom of the prefabricated column component body, is concave toward the prefabricated column component body, and has an open prism structure.

[0032] The concave slurry discharge groove 9 is located at the periphery of the concave shear groove, radiates outward from the center of the concave shear groove and horizontally penetrates the facade of the vertical slope stepped structure, and the cross-sectional shape is a rectangular or trapezoidal open structure.

[0033] The embedded anchoring dowel 4 is a steel bar pre-embedded at the installation site and connected to the precast column component body of the superstructure (connected to the reserved connecting steel bar by binding or welding, etc.). The top of the embedded anchoring dowel is located 10-20mm below the stepped structural slope at the bottom of the precast column component body. The exposed size of the embedded anchoring dowel must meet the length requirements of both the steel bar connection and the grouting material anchorage.

[0034] The grouting hole 6 is arranged at the uppermost end of the upper inclined slope in the stepped structure of the bottom slope of the prefabricated column component body, so as to facilitate the discharge of air and excess grouting material during the injection of the grouting material; the grouting hole is arranged slightly upward along the upper inclined slope and slightly protrudes out of the outer facade of the prefabricated column component body.

[0035] The grouting hole 13 is arranged at the bottom end of the outer side surface of the precast column lower cover plate, so as to facilitate the injection of grouting material into the gap between the precast column lower cover plate and the precast column component body; the grouting hole horizontally penetrates the precast column lower cover plate and slightly protrudes out of the outer side surface.

[0036] The vertical slope stepped structure between the prefabricated column component body and the lower cover plate is arranged at the joint of the prefabricated column component body and the lower cover plate of the prefabricated column; it is formed by casting at one time during the production process of the prefabricated column component body and the lower cover plate of the prefabricated column using a special vertical slope stepped shaping mold, and constitutes a part of the prefabricated column component body and the lower cover plate of the prefabricated column; the vertical slope stepped structure slopes upward to the side of the slurry discharge hole.

[0037] A method for installing a precast concrete column connected by a non-grouting sleeve comprises the following steps:

[0038] Step 1: Production of prefabricated column component body and prefabricated column bottom cover plate: The prefabricated column component body and prefabricated column bottom cover plate are processed and formed in one go in the prefabrication factory using a standardized mold. The processing and manufacturing method and process flow are basically the same as those of ordinary prefabricated concrete column components. During the production of the prefabricated column component body, the column reinforcement is tied according to the requirements of the design drawings, and reserved connecting reinforcement without grouting sleeves are set at the bottom of the column, and embedded anchoring bars are set at the top of the column. A standardized slope stepped formwork is used at the bottom of the column, and grouting holes are set on the standardized slope stepped formwork. After the dimensions of each part of the prefabricated column component body and the reserved and embedded parts are checked to be correct, concrete is poured and maintained to form the prefabricated column component. Main body; During the production process of the prefabricated column bottom cover plate, the steel bars are tied according to the requirements of the design drawings; the prefabricated column bottom cover plate is made into a set of the fixed slope stepped template and the prefabricated column component body, and the shape and size of the prefabricated column bottom cover plate after forming are consistent with the prefabricated column component body, and a 10-20mm gap is reserved; after the dimensions of each part of the prefabricated column bottom cover plate and the reservation and embedding are checked to be correct, the concrete is poured and cured to form the prefabricated column bottom cover plate; after the prefabricated column component body and the prefabricated column bottom cover plate components are completed, fixing measures and finished product protection measures should be taken in time, and after the construction site is ready for component installation, it should be transported to the site for installation;

[0039] Step 2: Construction of pre-embedded anchor bars: There are two ways to construct pre-embedded anchor bars: construction of pre-embedded anchor bars for the main structure and construction of pre-embedded anchor bars for precast columns. For construction of pre-embedded anchor bars for the main structure, anchor bars are embedded in the base structure of the installation site, and the steel bars are embedded before the first precast column is hoisted into place. Pre-embedded anchor bars for precast columns are embedded during the factory production process of the precast columns, and serve as the load-bearing steel bars connected to the precast concrete columns of the superstructure. During the construction of pre-embedded anchor bars, the deviations in the plane position, verticality, anchorage length, and exposed length of the pre-embedded anchor bars are strictly controlled in accordance with the specifications and design requirements to complete the pre-embedded installation of the anchor bars.

[0040] Step 3: a: Review before installation: Before installing the prefabricated column component body, the specifications, quantity, position, verticality, exposed length, etc. of the embedded anchoring steel bars at the installation site shall be inspected and qualified; the prefabricated column component body and the prefabricated column bottom cover and other concrete components shall be carefully inspected to see whether the dimensions of each part and the concrete strength grade meet the design requirements, whether there is any damage or cracking on the surface of the concrete structure, whether the specifications, quantity and position of the reserved connecting steel bars are correct, and whether the embedded and reserved parts such as electromechanical pipelines are accurate, etc.;

[0041] b: When the prefabricated column components are hoisted into place, they are fixed with special hoists and ropes. They are transported to the installation location by hoisting machinery and suspended for 0.5-1m. Then the prefabricated column components are aligned with the installation location and slowly dropped. Metal gaskets are set under the columns to adjust the level and elevation of the columns. After checking that the plane position, verticality and elevation of the prefabricated column components meet the design and specification requirements, they are immediately fixed with temporary supports and the hoists are removed to complete the installation and fixation of the prefabricated column components.

[0042] Step 4: Connection construction of reserved connecting steel bars and embedded anchor bars: Use steel bar connection technology such as binding or welding to connect the reserved connecting steel bars on the prefabricated column component body with the embedded anchor bars at the installation location; then bend the straight horizontal steel bars at the lower vertical slope of the stepped structure of the column body in the direction of the prefabricated column stirrups and wrap the connecting steel bars and embedded anchor bars, and weld them with C-shaped steel bars of the same specifications and models to form closed stirrups; after the steel bar connection is completed, acceptance should be organized immediately, and written and image materials should be formed;

[0043] Step 5: Installation of the bottom cover of the prefabricated column: After the steel bar connection is accepted, the bottom cover of the prefabricated column can be installed. Before installing the bottom cover of the prefabricated column, first clean up the floating dust and garbage in the grouting holes, grouting holes, column bottom and surrounding installation parts; after the bottom cover of the prefabricated column is in place, check and confirm the installation position and elevation of the cover, and use fixings to connect and fix the bottom cover of the prefabricated column to the body of the prefabricated column component;

[0044] Step 6: Sealing construction: After the prefabricated column component body and the prefabricated column bottom cover are installed and fixed, the sealing construction before grouting is immediately carried out. Use cement mortar to seal the warehouse, and use mortar to seal all the joints between the prefabricated column component body and the prefabricated column bottom cover and the base of the installation part. The width of the sealing belt is controlled at 10-20mm;

[0045] Step 7: Grouting, curing and removal of temporary supports: After the sealing is completed, the grouting material should be poured in time, and the grouting material should be injected into the gap between the lower sealing plate of the precast column and the main body of the precast column component through the grouting hole; after curing, the grouting material solidifies and hardens to form a grouting body. When the strength of the grouting body reaches the design requirements, the temporary fixed support and the temporary fixings between the lower sealing plate and the precast column body can be removed to complete the installation construction of the precast concrete column.

[0046] The invention has a simple and reasonable structure, strong operability and high construction efficiency, realizes the visualization of the installation process of precast concrete columns, makes the inspection and acceptance of each process more intuitive, and enables the precast concrete column connecting steel bars and the embedded anchor bars to be reliably connected at each position, avoiding the common technical defects of grouting sleeve connection technology such as the difficulty in lifting precast components into place, insufficient grouting material filling between anchor bars and grouting sleeves, low connection strength of grouting joints, and inability to perform effective in-process quality control, thereby fundamentally ensuring the connection quality between the precast concrete column and the main structure, and further ensuring the construction quality of the main structure project of precast concrete buildings.

[0047] The embodiments described above are merely descriptions of preferred implementations of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by those skilled in the art should be included in the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A precast concrete column connected by a non-grouting sleeve, characterized in that: The precast column component comprises a main body, a lower sealing plate and embedded anchoring bars. A slope step-type structure is arranged around the bottom of the main body of the precast column component. A grouting hole and a connecting and fixing screw hole are arranged above the edge of the slope step-type structure at the bottom of the main body of the precast column component. The slope step-type structure comprises an upper oblique slope and a lower vertical facade. A connecting steel bar is arranged at the lower end of the main body of the precast column component. A straight horizontal steel bar is arranged on the vertical facade of the lower section of the slope step-type structure. A horizontal reinforcing belt is arranged on the outer side of the vertical facade of the lower section of the slope step-type structure. A concave shear groove is arranged at the center of the bottom of the main body of the precast column component. A grouting groove radiating outwardly and penetrating the vertical facade of the lower section of the slope step-type structure is arranged around the concave shear groove. The inner side of the lower sealing plate is a sealing surface that matches the surface of the slope step-type structure of the main body of the precast column component and leaves a gap. The plate slope stepped structure, the gap between the slope stepped structure and the closing plate slope stepped structure is filled with grouting material, the bottom of the lower closing plate is provided with a grouting hole, the inner side of the lower closing plate is provided with a closing plate horizontal strip reinforcement belt, the lower closing plate is temporarily fixed to the prefabricated column component body by connecting fixings and screws, and the surface joints between the prefabricated column component body and the lower closing plate and between the prefabricated column component body and the base layer of the installation position are provided with a sealing belt, the embedded anchoring dowel bars are longitudinally arranged, tied or welded with the connecting steel bars and the straight horizontal steel bars, and connected with the upper prefabricated column component body, the slope stepped structure and the closing plate slope stepped structure and between the bottom of the prefabricated column component body and the base layer of the installation position are grouting bodies, the straight horizontal steel bars are arranged transversely through the lower section of the slope stepped structure, and are arranged vertically with the connecting steel bars at the lower end of the prefabricated column component body.

2. The method for installing a precast concrete column without grouting sleeve connection according to claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Production of prefabricated column component body and prefabricated column bottom cover plate: The prefabricated column component body and prefabricated column bottom cover plate are processed and formed in one go in the prefabrication factory using a standardized mold. The processing and manufacturing method and process flow are basically the same as those of ordinary prefabricated concrete column components. During the production of the prefabricated column component body, the column reinforcement is tied according to the requirements of the design drawings, and reserved connecting reinforcement without grouting sleeves are set at the bottom of the column, and embedded anchoring bars are set at the top of the column. A standardized slope stepped formwork is used at the bottom of the column, and grouting holes are set on the standardized slope stepped formwork. After the dimensions of each part of the prefabricated column component body and the reserved and embedded parts are checked to be correct, concrete is poured and maintained to form the prefabricated column component. Main body; During the production process of the prefabricated column bottom cover plate, the steel bars are tied according to the requirements of the design drawings; the prefabricated column bottom cover plate is made into a set of the fixed slope stepped template and the prefabricated column component body, and the shape and size of the prefabricated column bottom cover plate after forming are consistent with the prefabricated column component body, and a 10-20mm gap is reserved; after the dimensions of each part of the prefabricated column bottom cover plate and the reservation and embedding are checked to be correct, the concrete is poured and cured to form the prefabricated column bottom cover plate; after the prefabricated column component body and the prefabricated column bottom cover plate components are completed, fixing measures and finished product protection measures should be taken in time, and after the construction site is ready for component installation, it should be transported to the site for installation; Step 2: Pre-embedded anchor bars: There are two ways to pre-embed anchor bars: pre-embedded anchor bars for main structure and pre-embedded anchor bars for precast columns. For pre-embedded anchor bars for main structure, anchor bars are embedded in the main structure of the base to be installed, and the steel bars are embedded before the first precast column is hoisted into place. Pre-embedded anchor bars for precast columns are embedded in the factory production process of precast columns. They are used as stress-bearing steel bars connected to the precast concrete columns of the superstructure. During the construction of pre-embedded anchor bars, the deviation of the plane position, verticality, anchorage length and exposed length of the pre-embedded anchor bars is strictly controlled in accordance with the specifications and design requirements to complete the pre-embedded installation of anchor bars. Step 3: a: Review before installation: Before installing the prefabricated column component body, the specifications, quantity, position, verticality and exposed length of the embedded anchoring steel bars at the installation site shall be inspected and qualified; the concrete components of the prefabricated column component body and the prefabricated column bottom cover shall be carefully inspected to see whether the dimensions of each part and the concrete strength grade meet the design requirements, whether there is any damage or cracking on the surface of the concrete structure, whether the specifications, quantity and position of the reserved connecting steel bars are correct, and whether the embedded and reserved electromechanical pipeline components are accurate; b: When the prefabricated column components are hoisted into place, they are fixed with special hoists and ropes. They are transported to the installation location by hoisting machinery and suspended for 0.5-1m. Then the prefabricated column components are aligned with the installation location and slowly dropped. Metal gaskets are set under the columns to adjust the level and elevation of the columns. After checking that the plane position, verticality and elevation of the prefabricated column components meet the design and specification requirements, they are immediately fixed with temporary supports and the hoists are removed to complete the installation and fixation of the prefabricated column components. Step 4: Connection construction of reserved connecting steel bars and embedded anchor bars: Use the steel bar connection process of binding or welding to connect the reserved connecting steel bars on the prefabricated column component body with the embedded anchor bars at the installation location; then bend the straight horizontal steel bars at the lower vertical slope of the stepped structure of the column body in the direction of the prefabricated column stirrups and wrap the connecting steel bars and embedded anchor bars, and weld them with C-shaped steel bars of the same specifications and models to form closed stirrups; after the steel bar connection is completed, acceptance should be organized immediately, and written and image materials should be formed; Step 5: Installation of the lower cover plate of the prefabricated column: After the steel bar connection is accepted, the lower cover plate of the prefabricated column can be installed; before installing the lower cover plate of the prefabricated column, first clean up the floating dust and garbage in the grouting holes, grouting holes, column bottom and surrounding installation parts; after the lower cover plate of the prefabricated column is in place, check and confirm the installation position and elevation of the cover plate, and use fixings to connect and fix the lower cover plate of the prefabricated column to the body of the prefabricated column component; Step 6: Sealing construction: After the prefabricated column component body and the prefabricated column bottom cover are installed and fixed, the sealing construction before grouting is immediately carried out; cement mortar is used for sealing, and all the joints between the prefabricated column component body and the prefabricated column bottom cover and the base of the installation part are sealed and compacted with mortar, and the width of the sealing belt is controlled to 10-20mm; Step 7: Grouting, curing and removal of temporary supports: After the sealing is completed, the grouting material should be poured in time, and the grouting material should be injected into the gap between the lower sealing plate of the precast column and the main body of the precast column component through the grouting hole; after curing, the grouting material solidifies and hardens to form a grouting body. When the strength of the grouting body reaches the design requirements, the temporary fixed support and the temporary fixings between the lower sealing plate and the precast column body can be removed to complete the installation construction of the precast concrete column.

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