End-fire antenna and electronic equipment

Abstract

The present invention discloses an end-fire antenna and electronic equipment, comprising a dielectric substrate, a high-voltage line and at least two metal units, wherein the dielectric substrate comprises a first surface and a second surface opposite to each other, the high-voltage line is arranged on the first surface, and the at least two metal units are arranged on the second surface; the at least two metal units are distributed periodically; the projection of the high-voltage line on the dielectric substrate intersects and is perpendicular to the projection of each metal unit on the dielectric substrate. The present invention can reduce transmission loss and improve antenna efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to an end-fire antenna and electronic equipment. Background Art

[0002] End-fire antennas are one of the most important components of communication systems. The current 5G mobile communication standards include sub-6G and millimeter wave frequency bands, which usually use MIMO multi-antenna systems or antenna arrays to achieve high gain, narrow beams and high communication capacity.

[0003] Traditional end-fire antennas are usually complex in structure and low in integration. Planar end-fire antennas are widely studied and applied due to their low profile and easy integration with the system. Among them, end-fire antennas based on microstrip lines are the most widely used. Microstrip lines are dual-conductor transmission lines, that is, they contain signal transmission lines and ground lines. As the frequency increases, the dielectric loss between the signal line and the ground line of the microstrip line increases sharply, and the loss of the transmission line increases significantly, which directly affects the radiation efficiency and gain performance of the microstrip end-fire antenna. Summary of the invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an end-fire antenna and electronic equipment, which can reduce transmission loss and improve antenna efficiency.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: an end-fire antenna, including a dielectric substrate, a KBA line and at least two metal units, the dielectric substrate includes a first surface and a second surface opposite to each other, the KBA line is arranged on the first surface, and the at least two metal units are arranged on the second surface; the at least two metal units are distributed periodically; the projection of the KBA line on the dielectric substrate intersects and is perpendicular to the projection of each metal unit on the dielectric substrate.

[0006] The present invention also provides an electronic device, comprising the end-fire antenna as described above.

[0007] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the radiating body of the antenna is composed of a high-voltage wire and a metal unit respectively arranged on both sides of a dielectric substrate, and the high-voltage wire is also an excitation structure of the antenna; a traveling wave mode can be generated by periodically loading the metal unit on the basis of the high-voltage wire, so that the high-voltage wire produces radiation performance. The present invention can improve the system integration by using the high-voltage wire to realize the end-fire antenna, and at the same time, utilize the surface wave binding effect of the high-voltage wire to effectively reduce the transmission loss and improve the antenna efficiency, and the structure is simple, which is conducive to simulation optimization and can effectively reduce the processing difficulty and cost. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0008] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of an end-fire antenna according to a first embodiment of the present invention;

[0009] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0010] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Schematic side view of

[0011] Figure 4 This is the directional diagram of the end-fire antenna of the second embodiment of the invention.

[0012] Description of labels:

[0013] 1. Dielectric substrate; 2. KBO line; 3. Metal unit; 4. Metal patch; 5. Coplanar waveguide; 6. Gradient transition structure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0014] In order to explain the technical content, achieved objectives and effects of the present invention in detail, the following is a detailed description in conjunction with the implementation methods and the accompanying drawings.

[0015] See also Figure 1 , an end-fire antenna, comprising a dielectric substrate, a KBA line and at least two metal units, the dielectric substrate comprising a first surface and a second surface opposite to each other, the KBA line being arranged on the first surface, and the at least two metal units being arranged on the second surface; the at least two metal units being distributed periodically; the projection of the KBA line on the dielectric substrate intersects and is perpendicular to the projection of each metal unit on the dielectric substrate.

[0016] From the above description, it can be seen that the beneficial effects of the present invention are: it can reduce transmission loss, improve antenna efficiency, and has a simple structure, which can effectively reduce processing difficulty and cost.

[0017] Furthermore, it also includes a metal patch, which is arranged on the first surface of the dielectric substrate, and the length direction of the metal patch is parallel to the length direction of the KBA wire.

[0018] It can be seen from the above description that the radiation performance of the end-fire antenna can be optimized by providing a metal patch.

[0019] Furthermore, the shape of the metal patch is rectangular; the length of the metal patch is 173 mm and the width is 4 mm; the distance between the metal patch and the KBO line is 1.5 mm.

[0020] It can be seen from the above description that the radiation performance can be further improved by optimizing the shape of the metal patch and the distance between the metal patch and the KBO line.

[0021] Furthermore, the dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate is 3.38, the loss tangent is 0.0027, and the thickness is 1.52 mm.

[0022] Furthermore, the length of the KBA wire is 180 mm and the width is 1 mm.

[0023] Furthermore, the metal unit is a metal grid, and the at least two metal units are both 35 mm in length and 1 mm in width.

[0024] Furthermore, the number of the metal units is 80, and the distance between two adjacent metal units is 1 mm.

[0025] From the above description, it can be seen that the operating frequency of the antenna can be adjusted by adjusting the KBT line width, the electrical parameters of the dielectric substrate and the period of the metal unit.

[0026] Furthermore, it also includes two coplanar waveguide transition structures, which are respectively arranged on the opposite ends of the first surface of the dielectric substrate, and the high-voltage line is located between the two coplanar waveguide transition structures. The two coplanar waveguide transition structures are respectively connected to the two ends of the high-voltage line.

[0027] Furthermore, the coplanar waveguide transition structure includes a coplanar waveguide and a gradual transition structure, and the coplanar waveguide is connected to the KBO line through the gradual transition structure.

[0028] From the above description, it can be seen that using planar coplanar waveguide CPW as the excitation of the KBT line is more conducive to simplifying the circuit structure; the planar coplanar waveguide and the KBT line are cascaded through a gradient transition structure to match the characteristic impedance, transmission mode and wave number of the two.

[0029] The present invention also provides an electronic device, comprising the end-fire antenna as described above.

[0030] Embodiment 1

[0031] Please refer to Figure 1 , Embodiment 1 of the present invention is: an end-fire antenna based on a planar high-power line, which can be applied to a 5G array antenna.

[0032] like Figure 1 As shown, it includes a dielectric substrate 1, a KBA wire 2 and at least two metal units 3. The dielectric substrate 1 includes a first surface and a second surface opposite to each other. The KBA wire 2 is arranged on the first surface, and at least two metal units 3 are arranged on the second surface. The at least two metal units 3 are distributed periodically, that is, distributed at equal intervals in this embodiment. The projection of the KBA wire 2 on the dielectric substrate 1 intersects and is perpendicular to the projection of each metal unit 3 on the dielectric substrate 1.

[0033] Among them, the KBA cable is a single metal conductor transmission structure coated with a dielectric, and electromagnetic waves are efficiently transmitted on the conductor surface in the form of surface waves. Due to its single-body transmission characteristics, the KBA cable allows electromagnetic waves to propagate on the surface area of ​​the conductor. Compared with the traditional dual-conductor transmission line with both signal line and ground line, such as microstrip line and stripline, the KBA cable behaves as a surface wave transmission line with low dielectric loss in the high-frequency band, with efficient transmission and high-sensitivity sensing characteristics. Moreover, the single-line transmission structure is easy to connect with other RF devices, so it has more advantages than dual-conductor transmission lines in system integration.

[0034] The radiation body of the end-fire antenna of this embodiment is composed of a high-voltage line 2 and a metal unit 3 respectively arranged on both sides of a dielectric substrate 1; at the same time, the high-voltage line 2 is also an excitation structure of the antenna. The high-voltage line 2 itself is not a radiation structure, and periodically loading the metal unit 3 on its basis can generate a traveling wave mode, so that the high-voltage line 2 has radiation performance.

[0035] The working frequency of the antenna is basically determined by the KBA line width, the electrical parameters of the dielectric substrate and the period of the metal unit. In this embodiment, the KBA line 2 has a line length of 180 mm and a line width w of 1 mm. The metal unit 3 is in the shape of a strip. In this embodiment, the metal unit 3 is a metal grid bar. The number of metal grid bars is 80. The length of each metal grid bar is 35 mm and the width is 1 mm. The distance between two adjacent metal grid bars is 1 mm, that is, the distance between the center points (or the center lines along the length direction) of two adjacent metal grid bars is 2 mm.

[0036] The model of the dielectric substrate 1 selected in this embodiment is Rogers 4003C, with a dielectric constant of 3.38, a loss tangent of 0.0027, and a thickness of 1.52 mm. In other embodiments, the dielectric substrate may also be other dielectric substrates of the same type.

[0037] Furthermore, a metal patch 4 is included, and the metal patch 4 is arranged on the first surface of the dielectric substrate 1, that is, the metal patch 4 and the high-voltage line 2 are arranged on the same surface of the dielectric substrate 1, and the length direction of the metal patch 4 is parallel to the length direction of the high-voltage line 2. The number of the metal patch 4 is at least one.

[0038] By setting a metal patch, the radiation performance of the end-fire antenna can be optimized. The spacing between the metal patch and the high-power line and the shape of the metal patch will affect the overall performance. In order to achieve the best performance, in this embodiment, the number of metal patches 4 is one, and the shape is rectangular, the length is 173mm, and the width is 4mm; the distance d between the metal patch 4 and the high-power line 2 is 1.5mm.

[0039] This embodiment uses KBA wire to realize end-fire antenna, which can improve system integration and facilitate use in 5G array antennas. It utilizes the surface wave confinement effect of KBA wire to effectively reduce transmission loss and improve antenna efficiency. It further optimizes the radiation performance of the antenna by setting a metal patch.

[0040] The overall structure of this embodiment is simple, which is conducive to simulation optimization and can effectively reduce the difficulty and cost of processing. Moreover, since the design concept is consistent with the traditional transmission line theory, it can be easily extended to other surface wave transmission structures.

[0041] Embodiment 2

[0042] Please refer to Figure 2-4 This embodiment tests the end-fire antenna in Embodiment 1. Since the conventional test system (such as coaxial) is a 50-ohm dual-conductor structure, and the KBA cable is a single transmission line with no ground, it is necessary to use a conventional dual-wire transmission line to excite its surface wave transmission mode.

[0043] Since the signal surface of the planar coplanar waveguide is in the same plane as the ground, it is more conducive to simplifying the circuit structure. Therefore, this embodiment uses the planar coplanar waveguide CPW as the excitation of the high-voltage line. In order to cascade the planar coplanar waveguide and the high-voltage line, a switching structure needs to be introduced between the two. The switching structure is used to match the characteristic impedance, transmission mode and wave number of the two.

[0044] like Figure 2 As shown, two coplanar waveguide transition structures are also included, each of which includes a coplanar waveguide 5 and a gradual transition structure 6 connected to the coplanar waveguide 5; the coplanar waveguide 5, the gradual transition structure 6 and the high-voltage line 2 are arranged on the same surface of the dielectric substrate 1, and the two coplanar waveguides 5 are respectively arranged on the opposite ends of the dielectric substrate 1, and are respectively connected to the two ends of the high-voltage line 2 through the gradual transition structure 6 connected thereto.

[0045] Among them, the coplanar waveguide in one coplanar waveguide switching structure can be used as the input port (port 1) of the KBO line, and the coplanar waveguide in another coplanar waveguide switching structure can be used as the output port (port 2) of the KBO line.

[0046] In this embodiment, each coplanar waveguide includes a signal line and two ground lines, the signal line is arranged between the two ground lines, and the spacing s between the signal line and the ground line and the dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate jointly determine the impedance of the CPW, that is, 50 ohms. Preferably, s=0.3mm; the line width w0 of the signal line=4.5mm, the line width g of the ground line=15mm, and the line length L1 of the signal line and the ground line are both 10mm.

[0047] Each gradient transition structure includes a transition signal line and two ground structures, and the transition signal line is set between the two ground structures. Among them, a tapered gradient line is used as the transition signal line between the planar coplanar waveguide and the high-power line, and the line width w0 of the coplanar waveguide signal line is linearly gradient to the high-power line width w, and broadband transmission is performed by transforming the impedance generated by different frequencies at different parts of the tapered gradient line. The ground structure adopts a structure similar to the Vivaldi antenna, such as Figure 2 As shown, one end of the two ground structures is connected to the two ground lines of the coplanar waveguide one by one, and the other end is provided with a gradient slot line, and a trumpet-shaped opening can be formed between the two ground structures. Preferably, the maximum line width g of the ground structure is 15 mm, and the line length L2 of the transfer signal line and the ground structure is 20 mm.

[0048] Furthermore, the planar coplanar waveguide and the metal unit 3 in this embodiment can be obtained by coating a metal layer on the dielectric substrate 1, such as Figure 3 shown.

[0049] Figure 4 1 is the directional diagram result of the end-fire antenna based on the planar KBO line of this embodiment at 13.6 GHz. It can be seen from the figure that the antenna exhibits an end-fire characteristic with a gain of about 9 dBi.

[0050] In summary, the end-fire antenna and electronic device provided by the present invention can improve system integration by using a high-power cable to realize an end-fire antenna, and is convenient for use in 5G array antennas; the surface wave confinement effect of the high-power cable is utilized to effectively reduce transmission losses and improve antenna efficiency; and the radiation performance of the antenna is further optimized by setting a metal patch. The overall structure of the present invention is simple, which is conducive to simulation optimization, and can effectively reduce processing difficulty and cost. Moreover, since the design concept is consistent with the traditional transmission line theory, it can be easily extended to other surface wave transmission structures.

[0051] The above descriptions are merely embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent transformations made using the contents of the present invention's specification and drawings, or directly or indirectly applied in related technical fields, are also included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An end-fire antenna, characterized in that: The invention comprises a dielectric substrate, a KBA wire and at least two metal units, wherein the dielectric substrate comprises a first surface and a second surface opposite to each other, the KBA wire is arranged on the first surface, and the at least two metal units are arranged on the second surface; the at least two metal units are distributed periodically; the projection of the KBA wire on the dielectric substrate intersects and is perpendicular to the projection of each metal unit on the dielectric substrate respectively; and the invention also comprises a metal patch, wherein the number of the metal patch is one, the metal patch is arranged on the first surface of the dielectric substrate, and the length direction of the metal patch is parallel to the length direction of the KBA wire.

2. The end-fire antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shape of the metal patch is rectangular; the length of the metal patch is 173 mm and the width is 4 mm; the distance between the metal patch and the KBO line is 1.5 mm.

3. The end-fire antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate is 3.38, the loss tangent is 0.0027, and the thickness is 1.52 mm.

4. The end-fire antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The length of the KBA wire is 180 mm and the width is 1 mm.

5. The end-fire antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The metal unit is a metal grid bar, and the length of the at least two metal units is 35 mm and the width is 1 mm.

6. The end-fire antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of the metal units is 80, and the distance between two adjacent metal units is 1 mm.

7. The end-fire antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes two coplanar waveguide transition structures, which are respectively arranged on the opposite ends of the first surface of the dielectric substrate, the KBA line is located between the two coplanar waveguide transition structures, and the two coplanar waveguide transition structures are respectively connected to the two ends of the KBA line.

8. The end-fire antenna according to claim 7, characterized in that: The coplanar waveguide transition structure includes a coplanar waveguide and a gradual transition structure, and the coplanar waveguide is connected to the KBO line through the gradual transition structure.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that: Comprising an end-fire antenna as described in any one of claims 1-8.

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