A hydrogen-air-water integrated heat exchange device, system and method for fuel cells

Abstract

The present invention discloses a hydrogen-air-water integrated heat exchange device, system and method for a fuel cell, which relates to the technical field of fuel cells, and includes a coolant heat exchange portion and a hydrogen heat exchange portion arranged in a shell, a compressed air inlet and a compressed air outlet are respectively arranged at both ends of the shell in the length direction, a water inlet and a water outlet are both connected to the coolant heat exchange portion, a hydrogen inlet and a hydrogen outlet are both connected to the hydrogen heat exchange portion, and a gas flow area for compressed gas to pass through is formed between the compressed air inlet and the compressed air outlet, and the gas flow area passes through the coolant heat exchange portion and the hydrogen heat exchange portion. The hydrogen-air-water integrated heat exchange device, system and method for a fuel cell provided by the present invention provides a highly integrated heat exchange device, which uses the heat generated by high-temperature compressed air and the engine when it is running to heat hydrogen, reduce the temperature of the high-temperature compressed air, reduce the influence of the external environment on the engine performance, and improve the engine's adaptability to a wide range of ambient temperatures.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, and in particular to a hydrogen-air-water integrated heat exchange device, system and method for fuel cells. Background Art

[0002] Hydrogen fuel cells are power generation devices that convert electrochemical energy in fuel into electrical energy through electrochemical catalytic reactions. They have the advantages of high energy density, environmental optimization and no pollution, low noise, long driving range and short refueling time. They are the ultimate solution for power sources in the transportation field and have broad development prospects.

[0003] Hydrogen fuel cell engines are generally composed of subsystems such as battery stacks, air supply systems, fuel supply systems, cooling and heat exchange systems, and control systems. Currently, the operating temperature of hydrogen fuel cell engines is generally around 70-85°C.

[0004] Hydrogen fuel cell engines have excellent applicability in a wide range of ambient temperatures. However, when the ambient temperature is low, the circulating hydrogen contains a large amount of saturated water vapor. When this water vapor encounters the decompressed hydrogen, it will cause condensation of the water vapor and precipitation of liquid water droplets, which will cause irreversible damage to the life of the membrane electrode. Therefore, it is necessary to add a heat exchange device to increase the inlet hydrogen temperature. As the engine power continues to increase, the required amount of air also increases. The use of an independent cooling device will increase the resistance of the air system, increase the power consumption of the air compressor, and reduce the efficiency of the fuel cell system. At the same time, it takes up more installation space, reducing the system volume power density and product competitiveness. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is: In view of the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a hydrogen-air-water integrated heat exchange device, system and method for a fuel cell, which utilizes the heat generated by high-temperature compressed air and the engine when running to heat the hydrogen, reduce the temperature of the high-temperature compressed air, reduce the influence of the external environment on the engine performance, and improve the engine's adaptability to a wide range of ambient temperatures.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] A hydrogen-air-water integrated heat exchange device for a fuel cell comprises a shell, a coolant heat exchange portion, and a hydrogen heat exchange portion, wherein the coolant heat exchange portion and the hydrogen heat exchange portion are arranged in the shell, and the shell is provided with a compressed air inlet, a compressed air outlet, a water inlet, a water outlet, a hydrogen inlet, and a hydrogen outlet, wherein the compressed air inlet and the compressed air outlet are respectively arranged at both ends of the shell in the length direction, the water inlet and the water outlet are both connected to the coolant heat exchange portion, and the hydrogen inlet and the hydrogen outlet are both connected to the hydrogen heat exchange portion, and a gas flow area for compressed gas to pass through is formed between the compressed air inlet and the compressed air outlet, and the gas flow area passes through the coolant heat exchange portion and the hydrogen heat exchange portion.

[0008] Furthermore, the hydrogen heat exchange part is arranged on a side close to the compressed air outlet, and the coolant heat exchange part is arranged around the hydrogen heat exchange part; the water inlet and the water outlet are arranged on a side close to the compressed air inlet, and the hydrogen inlet and the hydrogen outlet are arranged on a side close to the compressed air outlet; the compressed air outlet is connected with a docking flange for docking a humidifier.

[0009] Furthermore, a separation area and a connecting area are respectively provided on both sides in the width direction of the shell, the separation area includes a water inlet module, a water outlet module, an air inlet module and an air outlet module separated from each other, and the connecting area includes an inlet and outlet coolant connecting module and an inlet and outlet hydrogen connecting module separated from each other; the coolant heat exchange part includes a water inlet unit and a water outlet unit, one end of the water inlet unit is connected with the water inlet through the water inlet module, and the other end is connected with the water outlet unit through the inlet and outlet coolant connecting module, and the other end of the water outlet unit is connected with the water outlet through the water outlet module; the hydrogen heat exchange part includes a hydrogen inlet unit and a hydrogen outlet unit, one end of the hydrogen inlet unit is connected with the hydrogen inlet through the air inlet module, and the other end is connected with the hydrogen outlet unit through the inlet and outlet hydrogen connecting module, and the other end of the hydrogen outlet unit is connected with the hydrogen outlet through the air outlet module.

[0010] Furthermore, the water inlet unit, the water outlet unit, the hydrogen inlet unit and the hydrogen outlet unit are all composed of a plurality of tubes, and a gas flow area is formed between adjacent tubes.

[0011] Furthermore, the water inlet and the water outlet are staggered, and the water outlet is located higher than the water inlet.

[0012] Due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the gas will be discharged upwards under the impetus of the liquid, and the water inlet and the water outlet are staggered, which is convenient for removing the gas in the coolant heat exchange part and improving the heat exchange efficiency.

[0013] Furthermore, a compressed air bypass outlet is provided on the shell, and the compressed air bypass outlet is provided on one side close to the compressed air outlet.

[0014] A hydrogen-air-water integrated heat exchange system for a fuel cell comprises a heat exchange device, a fuel cell stack, a hydrogen source, an air compressor and a water pump. The water pump is connected to the fuel cell stack and supplies water to the fuel cell stack. The water pump is connected to the water inlet of the heat exchange device to form a water inlet branch. The water outlet of the heat exchange device is connected to the fuel cell stack to form a water outlet branch. The hydrogen source is connected to the hydrogen inlet of the heat exchange device to form a hydrogen inlet branch. The hydrogen outlet of the heat exchange device is connected to the fuel cell stack to form a hydrogen outlet branch. The air compressor is connected to the compressed air inlet of the heat exchange device to form an air inlet branch. The compressed air outlet is connected to the fuel cell stack through a humidifier to form an air outlet branch; a coolant heat exchange part and a hydrogen heat exchange part are provided in the heat exchange device, the compressed air inlet and the compressed air outlet are respectively arranged at the two ends of the length direction of the heat exchange device, the water inlet and the water outlet are both connected to the coolant heat exchange part, the hydrogen inlet and the hydrogen outlet are both connected to the hydrogen heat exchange part, a gas flow area for compressed gas to pass through is formed between the compressed air inlet and the compressed air outlet, and the gas flow area passes through the coolant heat exchange part and the hydrogen heat exchange part.

[0015] Furthermore, it also includes a bypass branch, one end of which is connected to the heat exchange device through a compressed air bypass outlet; and a docking flange for docking with a humidifier is connected to the compressed air outlet.

[0016] Furthermore, the water inlet branch is provided with a first valve body with adjustable opening, the hydrogen inlet branch is provided with a second valve body with adjustable opening, the hydrogen outlet branch is provided with an A temperature sensor, and the compressed air outlet side is provided with a B temperature sensor; the first valve body and the second valve body are respectively signal-connected and controlled by a control system, the A temperature sensor and the B temperature sensor are respectively signal-connected to the control system, the A temperature sensor and the control system transmit data values ​​of the temperature of hydrogen entering the stack, and the B temperature sensor and the control system transmit data values ​​of the temperature of air entering the stack.

[0017] A hydrogen-air-water integrated heat exchange method for a fuel cell comprises the following steps:

[0018] Presetting step: presetting the lowest temperature t1 and the highest temperature t2 of the air after being cooled, and the lowest temperature t3 and the highest temperature t4 of the hydrogen after being heated in the control system;

[0019] Heat exchange steps: the air compressor introduces high-temperature compressed air into the heat exchange device through the air inlet branch, the hydrogen source introduces low-temperature hydrogen into the heat exchange device through the hydrogen inlet branch, and the low-temperature hydrogen circulates in the hydrogen heat exchange part of the heat exchange device; the water pump passes water into the water inlet branch as a coolant, and the coolant circulates in the coolant heat exchange part of the heat exchange device, the coolant heat exchange part acts on the high-temperature compressed air to cool it down, and acts on the hydrogen heat exchange part to heat it up, and the coolant finally enters the water outlet branch through the water outlet and flows into the coolant main road; the high-temperature compressed air first undergoes liquid-gas heat exchange under the action of the coolant heat exchange part, then flows through the hydrogen heat exchange part for gas-gas heat exchange, and finally enters the air outlet branch through the compressed air outlet and flows into the fuel cell stack; the low-temperature hydrogen undergoes liquid-gas heat exchange under the action of the coolant heat exchange part, and undergoes gas-gas heat exchange under the action of the high-temperature compressed air, and finally enters the hydrogen outlet branch through the hydrogen outlet and flows into the fuel cell stack;

[0020] Temperature collection step: The A temperature sensor at the hydrogen outlet branch collects the data value T1 of the hydrogen temperature entering the stack in real time, and transmits the data value to the control system; the B temperature sensor at the compressed air outlet side collects the data value T2 of the air temperature entering the stack in real time, and transmits the data value to the control system;

[0021] Adjustment steps: the control system receives the real-time data value T1 of the temperature of hydrogen entering the stack and the real-time data value T2 of the temperature of air entering the stack. When the data value T2 of the temperature of air entering the stack ≥ the highest temperature t2 after the air is cooled, the opening of the first valve body on the water inlet branch is increased; when the data value T2 of the temperature of air entering the stack ≤ the lowest temperature t1 after the air is cooled, the opening of the first valve body is reduced; when the lowest temperature t1 after the air is cooled < the data value T2 of the temperature of air entering the stack < t2, the opening of the first valve body is maintained; when the data value T1 of the temperature of hydrogen entering the stack ≥ the highest temperature t4 after the hydrogen is heated, the opening of the second valve body on the hydrogen inlet branch is increased; when the data value T1 of the temperature of hydrogen entering the stack ≤ the lowest temperature t3 after the hydrogen is heated, the opening of the second valve body is reduced; when the lowest temperature t3 after the hydrogen is heated < the data value T1 of the temperature of hydrogen entering the stack < the highest temperature t4 after the hydrogen is heated, the opening of the second valve body is maintained.

[0022] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical scheme, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: providing a heat exchange device with high integration, compact structure, multiple functions and small volume, making full use of the heat generated by high-temperature compressed air and engine operation to heat hydrogen, reducing the temperature of high-temperature compressed air, reducing the influence of external environmental factors on engine performance, and improving the engine's adaptability to wide ambient temperatures; improving the power generation efficiency of hydrogen and reducing hydrogen consumption; secondly, the highly integrated scheme design is conducive to reducing pipeline design and the number of components, improving the integration of the engine, reducing the weight of the engine, improving economy, and having high operability and development and use value. Add a bypass interface to reduce the high potential time when the engine is started and stopped, and increase the life of the engine. Make the hydrogen fuel cell system more compact, smaller, and more advanced in terms of mass power density and volume power density, and improve the market promotion scope and application scenarios of hydrogen fuel cell engines. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the heat exchange process of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of a hydrogen-air-water integrated heat exchange device for a fuel cell of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the connected area of ​​the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 It is a schematic structural diagram of the separation area of ​​the present invention;

[0027] Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of the hydrogen-air-water integrated heat exchange device for a fuel cell of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of the hydrogen-air-water integrated heat exchange system for a fuel cell of the present invention.

[0029] Markings in the figure: 1-compressed air inlet, 2-separation area, 201-water inlet module, 202-water outlet module, 203-air inlet module, 204-air outlet module, 3-water outlet, 4-water inlet, 5-hydrogen outlet, 6-hydrogen inlet, 7-shell, 8-compressed air bypass outlet, 9-compressed air outlet, 10-connection area, 1001-coolant connection module, 1002-hydrogen inlet and outlet connection module, 11-water pump, 12-water inlet branch, 13- First valve body, 14-water outlet branch, 15-heat exchange device, 16-hydrogen inlet branch, 17-second valve body, 18-A temperature sensor, 19-hydrogen outlet branch, 20-B temperature sensor, 21-air inlet branch, 22-air outlet branch, 23-bypass branch, 24-fuel cell stack, 25-air compressor, 26-hydrogen source, 27-coolant heat exchange unit, 28-hydrogen heat exchange unit, 29-humidifier, 30-docking flange, 31-coolant main circuit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0031] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0032] Example 1

[0033] A hydrogen-air-water integrated heat exchange device for a fuel cell, such as Figure 1-5 As shown, it includes a shell 7, a coolant heat exchange part 27, and a hydrogen heat exchange part 28. The coolant heat exchange part 27 and the hydrogen heat exchange part 28 are arranged in the shell 7. The shell 7 is provided with a compressed air inlet 1, a compressed air outlet 9, a water inlet 4, a water outlet 3, a hydrogen inlet 6, and a hydrogen outlet 5. The compressed air inlet 1 and the compressed air outlet 9 are respectively arranged at both ends of the shell 7 in the length direction. The water inlet 4 and the water outlet 3 are both connected to the coolant heat exchange part 27, and the hydrogen inlet 6 and the hydrogen outlet 5 are both connected to the hydrogen heat exchange part 28. A gas flow area for compressed gas to pass through is formed between the compressed air inlet 1 and the compressed air outlet 9, and the gas flow area passes through the coolant heat exchange part 27 and the hydrogen heat exchange part 28.

[0034] The hydrogen heat exchange part 28 is arranged on a side close to the compressed air outlet 9, and the coolant heat exchange part 27 is arranged around the hydrogen heat exchange part 28; the water inlet 4 and the water outlet 3 are arranged on a side close to the compressed air inlet 1, and the hydrogen inlet 6 and the hydrogen outlet 5 are arranged on a side close to the compressed air outlet 9; the compressed air outlet 9 is connected with a docking flange 30 for docking the humidifier 29.

[0035] The shell 7 is provided with a partition area 2 and a connecting area 10 on both sides in the width direction, the partition area 2 includes a water inlet module 201, a water outlet module 202, an air inlet module 203 and an air outlet module 204 separated from each other, and the connecting area 10 includes a coolant inlet and outlet connecting module 1001 and a hydrogen inlet and outlet connecting module 1002 separated from each other; the coolant heat exchange part 27 includes a water inlet unit and a water outlet unit, one end of the water inlet unit is connected with the water inlet 4 through the water inlet module 201, and the other end is connected with the water outlet unit through the coolant inlet and outlet connecting module 1001, and the other end of the water outlet unit is connected with the water outlet 3 through the water outlet module 202; the hydrogen heat exchange part 28 includes a hydrogen inlet unit and a hydrogen outlet unit, one end of the hydrogen inlet unit is connected with the hydrogen inlet 6 through the air inlet module 203, and the other end is connected with the hydrogen outlet unit through the hydrogen inlet and outlet connecting module 1002, and the other end of the hydrogen outlet unit is connected with the hydrogen outlet 5 204 through the air outlet module.

[0036] The water inlet unit, water outlet unit, hydrogen inlet unit and hydrogen outlet unit are all composed of a plurality of tubes, and a gas flow area is formed between adjacent tubes. The tubes in the water inlet unit surround the hydrogen heat exchange part 28, and the tubes are connected by fins to achieve heat exchange between the coolant and the hydrogen.

[0037] The water inlet 4 and the water outlet 3 are staggered, and the position of the water outlet 3 is higher than the water inlet 4. Specifically, the gas will be discharged upward under the push of the liquid, and the water inlet 4 and the water outlet 3 are staggered. It is convenient to remove the gas in the coolant heat exchange part 27 and improve the heat exchange efficiency. The coolant enters from the water inlet 4 to cool the compressed air, and at the same time heats the hydrogen through the pipe body with metal fins. Hydrogen enters from the hydrogen inlet 6, and after reducing the temperature of the compressed air and the coolant, it flows out from the hydrogen outlet 5.

[0038] The housing 7 is also provided with a compressed air bypass outlet 8, which is provided at one side close to the compressed air outlet 9. Specifically, adding the compressed air bypass outlet 8 can reduce the high potential duration when the engine is started and stopped, thereby increasing the life of the engine.

[0039] Example 2

[0040] A hydrogen-air-water integrated heat exchange system for a fuel cell, such as Figure 1-6As shown, it includes a heat exchange device 15, a fuel cell 24, a hydrogen source 26, an air compressor 25 and a water pump 11. The water pump 11 is connected to the fuel cell 24 and supplies water to the fuel cell 24. The water pump 11 is connected to the water inlet 4 of the heat exchange device 15 to form a water inlet branch 12. The water outlet 3 of the heat exchange device 15 is connected to the fuel cell 24 to form a water outlet branch 14. The hydrogen source 26 is connected to the hydrogen inlet 6 of the heat exchange device 15 to form a hydrogen inlet branch 16. The hydrogen outlet 5 of the heat exchange device 15 is connected to the fuel cell 24 to form a hydrogen outlet branch 19. The air compressor 25 is connected to the compressed air inlet 1 of the heat exchange device 15 to form an air intake branch 21. The compressed air outlet 9 of the heat device 15 is connected to the fuel cell stack 24 through a humidifier 29 to form an air outlet branch 22; a coolant heat exchange part 27 and a hydrogen heat exchange part 28 are provided in the heat exchange device 15, the compressed air inlet 1 and the compressed air outlet 9 are respectively arranged at both ends of the length direction of the heat exchange device 15, the water inlet 4 and the water outlet 3 are both connected to the coolant heat exchange part 27, the hydrogen inlet 6 and the hydrogen outlet 5 are both connected to the hydrogen heat exchange part 28, and a gas flow area for compressed gas to pass through is formed between the compressed air inlet 1 and the compressed air outlet 9, and the gas flow area passes through the coolant heat exchange part 27 and the hydrogen heat exchange part 28.

[0041] It also includes a bypass branch 23 , one end of which is connected to the heat exchange device 15 through a compressed air bypass outlet 8 ; a docking flange 30 for docking with a humidifier 29 is connected to the compressed air outlet 9 .

[0042] The water inlet branch 12 is provided with a first valve body 13 with adjustable opening, the hydrogen inlet branch 16 is provided with a second valve body 17 with adjustable opening, the hydrogen outlet branch 19 is provided with an A temperature sensor 18, and the compressed air outlet 9 is provided with a B temperature sensor 20; the first valve body 13 and the second valve body 17 are respectively connected by signal and controlled by the control system, the A temperature sensor 18 and the B temperature sensor 20 are respectively connected by signal to the control system, the A temperature sensor 18 and the control system transmit the data value of the hydrogen temperature entering the stack, and the B temperature sensor 20 transmits the data value of the air temperature entering the stack between the control system. Preferably, the first valve body 13 is an electronic thermostat, and the second valve body 17 is a hydrogen flow control valve.

[0043] The compressed air enters the heat exchange device 15 from the air intake branch 21, and at the same time, the coolant enters the coolant heat exchange part 27 from the water intake branch 12. The compressed air first exchanges heat with the coolant to reduce the temperature of the compressed air; then passes through the hydrogen heat exchange part 28 with ribs to exchange heat with hydrogen, heat the hydrogen and further reduce the temperature of the compressed air; then the compressed air passes through the humidifier 29 and enters the fuel cell stack 24, or passes through the compressed air bypass outlet 8 on the side to enter the bypass branch 23, and is discharged from the bypass branch 23 through the tail exhaust pipe or enters the fuel cell stack 24. The bypass branch 23 is provided with a bypass throttle for controlling the flow direction and flow of the compressed air.

[0044] In this embodiment, the flow rate of the coolant is adjusted by the electronic thermostat to adjust the temperature of the cooled compressed air; the proportion of the heated hydrogen amount is adjusted by the hydrogen flow control valve to thereby achieve control of the temperature of the mixed hydrogen.

[0045] Example 3

[0046] A hydrogen-air-water integrated heat exchange method for a fuel cell comprises the following steps:

[0047] Presetting step: presetting the lowest temperature t1 and the highest temperature t2 of the air after being cooled, and the lowest temperature t3 and the highest temperature t4 of the hydrogen after being heated in the control system;

[0048] Heat exchange step: the air compressor 25 passes high-temperature compressed air into the heat exchange device 15 through the air inlet branch, the hydrogen source 26 passes low-temperature hydrogen into the heat exchange device 15 through the hydrogen inlet branch 16, and the low-temperature hydrogen flows in the hydrogen heat exchange part 28 in the heat exchange device 15; the water pump 11 passes water into the water inlet branch 12 as a coolant, and the coolant flows in the coolant heat exchange part 27 in the heat exchange device 15, and the coolant heat exchange part 27 acts on the high-temperature compressed air to cool it down and acts on the hydrogen heat exchange part 28 to heat it up, and the coolant The coolant finally enters the water outlet branch 14 through the water outlet 3 and flows into the coolant main path 31; the high-temperature compressed air first undergoes liquid-gas heat exchange under the action of the coolant heat exchange part 27, then flows through the hydrogen heat exchange part 28 for gas-gas heat exchange, and finally enters the air outlet branch 22 through the compressed air outlet 9 and flows into the fuel cell 24; the low-temperature hydrogen undergoes liquid-gas heat exchange under the action of the coolant heat exchange part 27, and undergoes gas-gas heat exchange under the action of the high-temperature compressed air, and finally enters the hydrogen outlet branch 19 through the hydrogen outlet 5 and flows into the fuel cell 24;

[0049] Temperature collection step: the A temperature sensor 18 at the hydrogen outlet branch 19 collects the data value T1 of the temperature of the hydrogen entering the stack in real time, and transmits the data value to the control system; the B temperature sensor 20 at the compressed air outlet 9 side collects the data value T2 of the temperature of the air entering the stack in real time, and transmits the data value to the control system;

[0050] Adjustment steps: the control system receives the real-time data value T1 of the temperature of hydrogen entering the stack and collects the real-time data value T2 of the temperature of air entering the stack. When the data value T2 of the temperature of air entering the stack ≥ the highest temperature t2 after the air is cooled, the opening of the first valve body 13 on the water inlet branch 12 is increased; when the data value T2 of the temperature of air entering the stack ≤ the lowest temperature t1 after the air is cooled, the opening of the first valve body 13 is reduced; when the lowest temperature t1 after the air is cooled < the data value T2 of the temperature of air entering the stack < t2, the opening of the first valve body 13 is maintained; when the data value T1 of the temperature of hydrogen entering the stack ≥ the highest temperature t4 after the hydrogen is heated, the opening of the second valve body 17 on the hydrogen inlet branch 16 is increased; when the data value T1 of the temperature of hydrogen entering the stack ≤ the lowest temperature t3 after the hydrogen is heated, the opening of the second valve body 17 is reduced; when the lowest temperature t3 after the hydrogen is heated < the data value T1 of the temperature of hydrogen entering the stack < the highest temperature t4 after the hydrogen is heated, the opening of the second valve body 17 is maintained.

[0051] The principles and implementation methods of the present invention are described in this article using specific embodiments. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made to the present invention without departing from the principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

[0052] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "up", "down", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inside", "outside", etc. indicate directions or positional relationships based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, or are the directions or positional relationships in which the inventive product is usually placed when in use. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0053] In the description of the present invention, it is also necessary to explain that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "set", "install", "connect", and "connect" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

Claims

1. A hydrogen-air-water integrated heat exchange device for a fuel cell, comprising a shell, a coolant heat exchange unit, and a hydrogen heat exchange unit, characterized in that: The coolant heat exchange part and the hydrogen heat exchange part are arranged in the shell, and the shell is provided with a compressed air inlet, a compressed air outlet, a water inlet, a water outlet, a hydrogen inlet, and a hydrogen outlet. The compressed air inlet and the compressed air outlet are respectively arranged at both ends of the shell in the length direction, and the water inlet and the water outlet are both connected to the coolant heat exchange part, and the hydrogen inlet and the hydrogen outlet are both connected to the hydrogen heat exchange part. A gas flow area for compressed gas to pass through is formed between the compressed air inlet and the compressed air outlet, and the gas flow area passes through the coolant heat exchange part and the hydrogen heat exchange part; The hydrogen heat exchange part is arranged on the side close to the compressed air outlet, and the coolant heat exchange part is arranged around the hydrogen heat exchange part; the water inlet and the water outlet are arranged on the side close to the compressed air inlet, and the hydrogen inlet and the hydrogen outlet are arranged on the side close to the compressed air outlet; the two sides of the shell width direction are respectively provided with a separation area and a communication area, the separation area includes a water inlet module, a water outlet module, an air inlet module and an air outlet module separated from each other, and the communication area includes a coolant inlet and outlet communication module and a hydrogen inlet and outlet communication module separated from each other; the coolant heat exchange part includes a water inlet unit and a water outlet unit One end of the water inlet unit is connected to the water inlet through the water inlet module, and the other end is connected to the water outlet unit through the inlet and outlet coolant communication module, and the other end of the water outlet unit is connected to the water outlet through the water outlet module; the hydrogen heat exchange part includes a hydrogen inlet unit and a hydrogen outlet unit, one end of the hydrogen inlet unit is connected to the hydrogen inlet through the air inlet module, and the other end is connected to the hydrogen outlet unit through the inlet and outlet hydrogen communication module, and the other end of the hydrogen outlet unit is connected to the hydrogen outlet of the air outlet module; the water inlet unit, the water outlet unit, the hydrogen inlet unit, and the hydrogen outlet unit are all composed of a plurality of pipe bodies, and adjacent pipe bodies are formed between Gas flow area; the high-temperature compressed air entering the shell from the compressed air inlet can first undergo liquid-gas heat exchange under the action of the coolant heat exchange part, then flow through the hydrogen heat exchange part for gas-to-gas heat exchange, and finally flow out through the compressed air outlet; the coolant flowing into the coolant heat exchange part from the water inlet can act on the high-temperature compressed air to cool it down, act on the hydrogen heat exchange part to heat it up, and finally flow out from the water outlet; the low-temperature hydrogen flowing into the hydrogen heat exchange part from the hydrogen inlet can undergo liquid-gas heat exchange under the action of the coolant heat exchange part, and undergo gas-to-gas heat exchange under the action of the high-temperature compressed air, and finally flow out through the hydrogen outlet.

2. The hydrogen-air-water integrated heat exchange device for a fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: The compressed air outlet is connected with a docking flange for docking a humidifier.

3. The hydrogen-air-water integrated heat exchange device for a fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water inlet and the water outlet are staggered, and the water outlet is located higher than the water inlet.

4. The hydrogen-air-water integrated heat exchange device for a fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shell is also provided with a compressed air bypass outlet, and the compressed air bypass outlet is provided with a side close to the compressed air outlet.

5. A hydrogen-air-water integrated heat exchange system for a fuel cell, using the hydrogen-air-water integrated heat exchange device for a fuel cell as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, the hydrogen-air-water integrated heat exchange system for a fuel cell further comprising a heat exchange device, a fuel cell stack, a hydrogen source, an air compressor and a water pump, the water pump being connected to the fuel cell stack and supplying water to the fuel cell stack, characterized in that: The water pump is connected to the water inlet of the heat exchange device to form a water inlet branch, and the water outlet of the heat exchange device is connected to the fuel cell stack to form a water outlet branch; the hydrogen source is connected to the hydrogen inlet of the heat exchange device to form a hydrogen inlet branch, and the hydrogen outlet of the heat exchange device is connected to the fuel cell stack to form a hydrogen outlet branch; the air compressor is connected to the compressed air inlet of the heat exchange device to form an air inlet branch, and the compressed air outlet of the heat exchange device is connected to the fuel cell stack through a humidifier to form an air outlet branch; a coolant heat exchange part and a hydrogen heat exchange part are provided in the heat exchange device, the compressed air inlet and the compressed air outlet are respectively arranged at both ends of the length direction of the heat exchange device, the water inlet and the water outlet are both connected to the coolant heat exchange part, the hydrogen inlet and the hydrogen outlet are both connected to the hydrogen heat exchange part, a gas flow area for compressed gas to pass through is formed between the compressed air inlet and the compressed air outlet, and the gas flow area passes through the coolant heat exchange part and the hydrogen heat exchange part.

6. The hydrogen-air-water integrated heat exchange system for a fuel cell according to claim 5, characterized in that: It also includes a bypass branch, one end of which is connected to the heat exchange device through a compressed air bypass outlet; and a docking flange for docking a humidifier is connected to the compressed air outlet.

7. The hydrogen-air-water integrated heat exchange system for a fuel cell according to claim 5, characterized in that: The water inlet branch is provided with a first valve body with adjustable opening, the hydrogen inlet branch is provided with a second valve body with adjustable opening, the hydrogen outlet branch is provided with an A temperature sensor, and the compressed air outlet side is provided with a B temperature sensor; the first valve body and the second valve body are respectively signal-connected and controlled by a control system, the A temperature sensor and the B temperature sensor are respectively signal-connected with the control system, the A temperature sensor and the control system transmit data values ​​of the temperature of hydrogen entering the stack, and the B temperature sensor and the control system transmit data values ​​of the temperature of air entering the stack.

8. A hydrogen-air-water integrated heat exchange method for a fuel cell, using the hydrogen-air-water integrated heat exchange system for a fuel cell as claimed in any one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that: The steps include: Presetting step: presetting the lowest temperature t1 and the highest temperature t2 of the air after being cooled, and the lowest temperature t3 and the highest temperature t4 of the hydrogen after being heated in the control system; Heat exchange steps: the air compressor introduces high-temperature compressed air into the heat exchange device through the air inlet branch, the hydrogen source introduces low-temperature hydrogen into the heat exchange device through the hydrogen inlet branch, and the low-temperature hydrogen circulates in the hydrogen heat exchange part of the heat exchange device; the water pump passes water into the water inlet branch as a coolant, and the coolant circulates in the coolant heat exchange part of the heat exchange device, the coolant heat exchange part acts on the high-temperature compressed air to cool it down, and acts on the hydrogen heat exchange part to heat it up, and the coolant finally enters the water outlet branch through the water outlet and flows into the coolant main road; the high-temperature compressed air first undergoes liquid-gas heat exchange under the action of the coolant heat exchange part, then flows through the hydrogen heat exchange part for gas-gas heat exchange, and finally enters the air outlet branch through the compressed air outlet and flows into the fuel cell stack; the low-temperature hydrogen undergoes liquid-gas heat exchange under the action of the coolant heat exchange part, and undergoes gas-gas heat exchange under the action of the high-temperature compressed air, and finally enters the hydrogen outlet branch through the hydrogen outlet and flows into the fuel cell stack; Temperature collection step: The A temperature sensor at the hydrogen outlet branch collects the data value T1 of the hydrogen temperature entering the stack in real time, and transmits the data value to the control system; the B temperature sensor at the compressed air outlet side collects the data value T2 of the air temperature entering the stack in real time, and transmits the data value to the control system; Adjustment steps: the control system receives the real-time data value T1 of the temperature of hydrogen entering the stack and the real-time data value T2 of the temperature of air entering the stack. When the data value T2 of the temperature of air entering the stack ≥ the highest temperature t2 after the air is cooled, the opening of the first valve body on the water inlet branch is increased; when the data value T2 of the temperature of air entering the stack ≤ the lowest temperature t1 after the air is cooled, the opening of the first valve body is reduced; when the lowest temperature t1 after the air is cooled < the data value T2 of the temperature of air entering the stack < t2, the opening of the first valve body is maintained; when the data value T1 of the temperature of hydrogen entering the stack ≥ the highest temperature t4 after the hydrogen is heated, the opening of the second valve body on the hydrogen inlet branch is increased; when the data value T1 of the temperature of hydrogen entering the stack ≤ the lowest temperature t3 after the hydrogen is heated, the opening of the second valve body is reduced; when the lowest temperature t3 after the hydrogen is heated < the data value T1 of the temperature of hydrogen entering the stack < the highest temperature t4 after the hydrogen is heated, the opening of the second valve body is maintained.

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