A method for reducing height and weight of walnut trees

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of walnut planting, and specifically relates to a method for reducing the height and slimming of walnut trees. The present invention prunes the outer periphery of the crown of the walnut tree to determine the outer periphery structure of the crown; in the outer periphery structure of the crown, the top of the crown of the walnut tree is parallel to the ground, the fixed trunk height is 4.5-5.5m, the crown width in the planting row direction is 4-5m, and the crown width perpendicular to the planting row direction is 4-6.5m; the plant spacing of the walnut tree is 5-6m, and the row spacing is 6-10m. The present invention prunes the outer periphery of the crown of the walnut tree according to the plant spacing and the row spacing, determines the outer periphery structure of the crown, changes the composition of the branches in the outer periphery of the crown, can improve the lighting conditions of walnut individuals and groups, ensure ventilation and light transmission zones between plants and rows, inhibit excessive nutritional growth, redistribute the nutrients of the tree body, and the result is more reasonable. The yield of the walnut orchard is increased, and it can be widely promoted and replicated for application.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of walnut planting, and particularly relates to a method for reducing the height and weight of walnut trees. Background Art

[0002] By the end of 2020, the walnut planting area in Xinjiang reached 6.0278 million mu, with an output of 1.11 million tons, ranking second in the country. Poor cultivation and management of walnut trees can easily lead to problems such as tall crowns, vigorous vegetative growth of the tree, outward migration of fruiting parts, closed orchards, and reduced yield and quality. The decline in benefits has dampened the enthusiasm of walnut growers. Shaping and pruning are important measures to solve the problems of walnut tree crown closure, regulating the balance between vegetative growth and reproductive growth, and reduced yield and quality. It has become one of the important measures for high-quality, simple and efficient cultivation of walnuts. However, due to the chaotic tree structure during the planting of Xinjiang walnut species, there is a lack of scientific basis for tree pruning, resulting in low production efficiency when farmers operate, and it cannot be promoted and replicated on a large scale. Therefore, it is particularly urgent to provide a scientific pruning model. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the invention is to solve the deficiencies of the prior art, provide a method for reducing the height and slimming of walnut trees, perform scientific shaping and pruning on walnut trees, improve the yield and quality of walnut trees, and realize large-scale application.

[0004] The invention provides a method for reducing the height and weight of a walnut tree, comprising the following steps:

[0005] Prune the outer perimeter of the walnut tree crown to determine the outer perimeter structure of the crown;

[0006] In the crown peripheral structure, the crown top of the walnut tree is parallel to the ground, the fixed trunk height is 4.5-5.5m, the crown width in the planting row is 4-5m, and the crown width perpendicular to the planting row is 4-6.5m;

[0007] The plant spacing of the walnut trees is 5 to 6 m, and the row spacing is 6 to 10 m.

[0008] Preferably, when the plant spacing of the walnut trees is 5m and the row spacing is 6m, in the crown peripheral structure, the fixed trunk height is 4.5m, the crown width in the planting row direction is 4m, and the crown width perpendicular to the planting row direction is 4m;

[0009] When the plant spacing of the walnut trees is 6m and the row spacing is 8m, in the outer structure of the crown, the fixed trunk height is 5.0m, the crown width in the planting row direction is 5m, and the crown width perpendicular to the planting row direction is 5.5m;

[0010] When the plant spacing of the walnut trees is 6m and the row spacing is 10m, in the outer structure of the crown, the fixed trunk height is 5.5m, the crown width in the planting row direction is 5m, and the crown width perpendicular to the planting row direction is 6.5m.

[0011] Preferably, the walnut tree is a walnut tree that is 10 years old or older.

[0012] Preferably, after determining the outer structure of the crown, the method further includes pruning the interior of the crown of the walnut tree again to determine the internal structure of the crown;

[0013] In the internal structure of the tree crown, the distance between adjacent large main branches is 80 to 150 cm, and the distance between adjacent fruiting branch groups is 50 to 80 cm.

[0014] Preferably, the fruiting branch groups are evenly distributed on main branches and side branches at all levels.

[0015] Preferably, the outer structure of the tree crown is in the form of a quadrangular pyramid; the wide side of the bottom surface of the quadrangular pyramid is parallel to the planting row direction, with a length of 4 to 5 m, and the length of the long side of the bottom surface is 4 to 6.5 m.

[0016] Preferably, the angle between the trapezoidal side surface and the top surface of the quadrangular pyramid is 70-80°.

[0017] Beneficial effects:

[0018] The present invention prunes the crown periphery of the walnut tree to determine the crown periphery structure; in the crown periphery structure, the crown top of the walnut tree is parallel to the ground, the fixed trunk height is 4.5-5.5m, the planting row crown width is 4-5m, and the crown width perpendicular to the planting row is 4-6.5m; the plant spacing of the walnut tree is 5-6m, and the row spacing is 6-10m. The present invention prunes the crown periphery of the walnut tree according to the plant spacing and the row spacing, determines the crown periphery structure, changes the crown periphery branch composition, can improve the lighting conditions of walnut individuals and groups, ensure the ventilation and light transmission zone between plants and rows, inhibit excessive nutritional growth, redistribute the tree nutrition, and the result is more reasonable. The position is increased, the walnut garden yield is increased, and large-scale promotion and replication can be applied. The method provided by the present invention can take into account both the yield and the labor-saving pruning. Compared with the crown periphery cut into an arc shape or other shapes, the complexity of pruning is reduced and the cost is saved.

[0019] In addition, the present invention selects and prunes branches inside the tree crown, which can further improve the lighting conditions of individual walnuts and groups and increase the yield of the walnut orchard. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required to be used in the embodiments are briefly introduced below.

[0021] Figure 1This is the main view of the planting row after the walnut tree was pruned to reduce height and slim down. AC is the top of the crown, AD and CE are the sides of the crown, G is the base of the trunk, BG is the fixed trunk height, and FH is the crown width perpendicular to the planting row.

[0022] Figure 2 This is the main view of the walnut tree perpendicular to the planting row after pruning, where BG is the fixed trunk height and JK is the crown width in the planting row;

[0023] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of mechanical crown width control pruning, where 1 is the height control pruning position; 2 is the planting belt; 3 is the row between two adjacent planting belts; 4 is the circular saw; 5 is the circular saw support lifting arm; 6 is the pruning power;

[0024] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of mechanically controlled crown width pruning, where 2 is the planting belt; 3 is the row between two adjacent planting belts; 4 is the circular saw; 5 is the circular saw support lifting arm; 6 is the pruning power; Point A is the outermost vertical projection point of the circular saw on the ground; the distance AB represents the minimum distance from Point A to the planting belt, which is 1 / 2 of the crown width of the tree crown to be pruned perpendicular to the planting row. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The invention provides a method for reducing the height and weight of a walnut tree, comprising the following steps:

[0026] Prune the outer perimeter of the walnut tree crown to determine the outer perimeter structure of the crown;

[0027] In the crown peripheral structure, the crown top of the walnut tree is parallel to the ground, the fixed trunk height is 4.5-5.5m, the crown width in the planting row is 4-5m, and the crown width perpendicular to the planting row is 4-6.5m;

[0028] The plant spacing of the walnut trees is 5 to 6 m, and the row spacing is 6 to 10 m.

[0029] In the present invention, the walnut trees are preferably 10-year-old or older walnut trees, and more preferably 13-year-old walnut trees; the plant spacing of the walnut trees is preferably 5m or 6m; the row spacing of the walnut trees is preferably 6m, 8m or 10m. In the specific implementation process of the present invention, it is preferred to determine the fixed trunk height, the crown width in the planting row and the crown width perpendicular to the planting row during the pruning of the tree structure of the walnut tree according to the specific plant spacing of the walnut trees. Specifically: when the plant spacing of the walnut trees is 5m and the row spacing is 6m, in the crown peripheral structure, the fixed trunk height is preferably 4.5m, the crown width in the planting row is preferably 4m, and the crown width perpendicular to the planting row is preferably 4m; when the plant spacing of the walnut trees is 6m and the row spacing is 8m, in the crown peripheral structure, the fixed trunk height is preferably 5.0m, the crown width in the planting row is preferably 5m, and the crown width perpendicular to the planting row is preferably 5.5m; when the plant spacing of the walnut trees is 6m and the row spacing is 10m, in the crown peripheral structure, the fixed trunk height is preferably 5.5m, the crown width in the planting row is preferably 5m, and the crown width perpendicular to the planting row is preferably 6.5m.

[0030] In the present invention, the crown width in the planting row direction represents the distance between the projections of the two outermost branches of a fruit tree in the direction of the row on the ground, which is recorded as the inter-plant crown width; the crown width perpendicular to the planting row direction represents the distance between the projections of the two outermost branches of a fruit tree in the direction perpendicular to the row on the ground, which is recorded as the inter-row crown width.

[0031] The present invention performs a first pruning on the outer periphery of the crown of the walnut tree to determine the outer structure of the crown. The first pruning is preferably performed once; the time of the first pruning is preferably in spring or autumn, and more preferably before the walnuts sprout and / or after the walnuts are harvested until the leaves turn yellow. The present invention can avoid sap flow in walnuts by limiting the time of shaping pruning.

[0032] When the present invention performs the first pruning, it is preferred to use a circular saw, a circular saw supporting lifting arm and a pruning power. The present invention uses a circular saw, a circular saw supporting lifting arm and a pruning power to simplify pruning, saving time and effort. The present invention has no strict requirements on the sources of the circular saw, the circular saw supporting lifting arm and the pruning power, and conventional selections are sufficient. In the first pruning process of the present invention, the outer periphery of the crown of the walnut tree is pruned by adjusting the pruning direction of the circular saw so that the top of the crown of the walnut tree is parallel to the ground.

[0033] In the present invention, the outer structure of the tree crown is preferably in the form of a quadrangular pyramid; the wide side of the bottom surface of the quadrangular pyramid is preferably parallel to the planting row, and the length is preferably 4 to 5 m, and more preferably 4 m or 5 m. The length of the long side of the bottom surface of the quadrangular pyramid is preferably 4 to 6.5 m, and more preferably 4 m, 5.5 m or 6.5 m. In the specific implementation of the present invention, the wide side of the bottom surface of the quadrangular pyramid is preferably the same as the crown width in the planting row direction; the long side of the bottom surface of the quadrangular pyramid is preferably the same as the crown width perpendicular to the planting row. The angle between the trapezoidal side surface and the top surface of the quadrangular pyramid of the present invention is preferably 70 to 80°, and more preferably 75°.

[0034] The present invention can reduce the height of the crown, control the upward growth of the crown, reduce the volume of the walnut tree, and convert nutrients into the fruit, thereby increasing the yield and improving the quality. In addition, the present invention uses a circular saw, a circular saw supporting a lifting arm and a pruning power in the process of reducing the height and slimming the walnut tree, which greatly reduces the labor of manual pruning, has the advantages of short time consumption, low cost and high efficiency, and is conducive to the high-quality, light, simple and efficient cultivation of walnuts.

[0035] After determining the outer structure of the crown, the present invention preferably performs a second pruning on the inside of the crown of the walnut tree to determine the internal structure of the crown. In the present invention, in the internal structure of the crown, the distance between adjacent large main branches is preferably 80 to 150 cm, more preferably 90 to 120 cm, and more preferably 100 cm; in the internal structure of the crown, the distance between adjacent fruiting branch groups is preferably 50 to 80 cm, and more preferably 60 cm. The fruiting branch groups of the present invention are preferably evenly distributed on the main branches and side branches at all levels. The second pruning of the present invention preferably uses automatic scissors or electric scissors. The present invention preferably performs a second pruning on the inside of the crown of the walnut tree immediately after determining the outer structure of the crown to ensure the continuity of the pruning.

[0036] The present invention limits the spacing between adjacent large main branches and the distance between adjacent fruiting branch groups, thereby maintaining a reasonable tree branch structure, ventilation and light transmission in the canopy, preventing the fruiting part from moving outward, and achieving three-dimensional fruiting up and down, inside and outside.

[0037] The present invention combines the plant-row spacing and the tree structure of walnut trees. For different plant-row spacings, the tree structure is limited to effectively control the crown height and crown width, improve the lighting conditions required for the growth of walnut groups, ensure light transmission between plants and rows, and after pruning, form ventilation belts between rows and plants of the walnut trees. For example, when the plant spacing of the walnut trees is 5m, the row spacing is 6m, and in the tree structure, the crown height is 4.5m, the crown width is 4m×4m, the crown width is 4m perpendicular to the planting row direction, and the crown width is 4m in the planting row direction, a ventilation belt with a width of 2m (specifically, the row spacing of 6m-the crown width perpendicular to the planting row direction of 4m) can be formed between the rows, and a ventilation belt with a width of 1m (specifically, the plant spacing of 5m-the crown width of 4m in the planting row direction) can be formed between the plants, which can ensure ventilation between the rows and plants of the walnut trees, inhibit excessive nutrient growth, redistribute tree nutrients, make the fruiting position more reasonable, improve the yield of the walnut orchard, and can be widely promoted and replicated for application.

[0038] The present invention preferably sprays 70wt.% methyl thiophanate once 3d after the shaping and pruning. In the present invention, the 70wt.% methyl thiophanate is preferably diluted 1000-1200 times for use, more preferably diluted 1050-1150 times for use, and more preferably diluted 1100 times for use. The present invention has no strict requirements on the source of the 70wt.% methyl thiophanate, and conventional purchase is sufficient. The 70wt.% methyl thiophanate used in the specific implementation process of the present invention was purchased from Shandong Bainongsida Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Spraying 70wt.% methyl thiophanate 3d after the shaping and pruning of the present invention can reduce the spread and infection of walnut rot pathogens through pruning wounds.

[0039] The method provided in the present application can reduce the size of the walnut tree by lowering the crown height and controlling the upward growth of the crown, thereby converting nutrients into the fruit, thereby increasing yield and improving quality; it can take into account both yield and make pruning more labor-saving. Compared with cutting the outer edge of the crown into an arc or other shape, it reduces the complexity of pruning and saves costs.

[0040] In order to further illustrate the present invention, a method for reducing height and weight of walnut trees provided by the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0041] Example 1

[0042] (1) Effective control of tree height and crown width by mechanical shaping and pruning

[0043] In 2020, the growth of walnut trees in demonstration gardens with different cultivation modes was investigated. The demonstration gardens were oriented north-south. The survey data included basic data such as tree age, trunk circumference, crown width, tree height, and plant spacing. Five individual trees were surveyed in each demonstration garden. The survey results are shown in Table 1.

[0044] Table 1 Survey data of demonstration gardens with different cultivation modes

[0045]

[0046] Note: The data in Table 1 are the survey results of three towns in the same county. The environmental conditions and management measures of each survey site are similar. The crown width between plants is the crown width in the planting row. A row is planted in the north-south direction, and the crown width between rows is the crown width in the vertical planting row.

[0047] According to Table 1, the height of walnut trees is between 5.3 and 14.5 m. Walnut trees over 10 years old are tall and difficult to prune manually. Walnut trees without any pruning are too tall, with vigorous vegetative growth, poor crown control, serious branch junctions between plants and rows, and high canopy density. Mechanical height and crown pruning can effectively control the upward growth of the crown and the lateral expansion of the crown, and better control the outward and upward movement of the fruiting part of the walnut tree.

[0048] (2) Determination of crown height by mechanical shaping and trimming

[0049] In 2020, the walnut producing area of ​​Yitimukong Township, Yecheng County, Kashgar Prefecture was taken as the survey object, and 10 walnut orchards under normal management conditions were randomly selected. The variety was Xinfeng, and the tree age was 13 years. Five individual trees were randomly selected from each walnut orchard for investigation. The crown range, yield distribution range and average yield of individual trees were counted according to crown control pruning and non-crown control pruning. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0050] Table 2 Yield distribution data at different crown heights

[0051]

[0052] According to Table 2, for individual plants with a crown height of 9.1 to 10.5 m, 70% to 80% of the total yield is distributed in the crown height range of 2.3 to 6.0 m. The vegetative growth of the part above 6.0 m is relatively vigorous, and the fruit bearing volume accounts for 8% to 13% of the total plant. Below 2.3 m, due to poor light conditions, the fruit bearing volume accounts for 11% to 16% of the total plant. For individual plants with a crown height of 6.7 to 8.5 m, 70% to 80% of the total yield is distributed in the crown height range of 2.0 to 5.5 m. The vegetative growth of the part above 5.5 m is relatively vigorous, and the fruit bearing volume accounts for 11% to 17% of the total plant. Below 2.0 m, due to poor light conditions, the fruit bearing volume accounts for 9% to 13% of the total plant. The average yield of individual plants without crown control pruning is 9.57 kg, and that of crown control pruning is 12.93 kg. It can be seen that the crown layer of 2.0 to 6.0 m is the main interval of yield distribution. The average yield of individual trees with crown control pruning is higher than that without crown control pruning. The main reason is that crown control pruning inhibits excessive vegetative growth, allows ventilation and light to pass through the crown, and redistributes nutrients in the tree, resulting in a more reasonable fruiting position and effectively increased yield.

[0053] Example 2

[0054] (1) According to the survey structure of Example 1, the walnut producing area of ​​Yitimukong Township, Yecheng County, Kashgar region was used as the test site. The variety of the test site was Xinfeng, and the tree age was 13 years. According to the factors such as the spacing between rows in the walnut garden, the parameters of the pruning machine itself, and the convenience of harvesting, the shaping and pruning parameters were set to determine the outer structure of the walnut tree crown. Specifically:

[0055] For a walnut orchard with a row spacing of 5m×6m, the top of the crown of the walnut tree is parallel to the ground, the angle between the crown on any side and the top of the crown is 70-80°, the crown height is 4.5m, and the crown width is 4m×4m (the crown width in the planting row is 4m, and the crown width perpendicular to the planting row is 4m), forming a Figure 1 and 2 The outer structure of the tree canopy is shown.

[0056] (2) On October 10, 2019, according to the fixed trunk height set in step (1), the circular saw blade of the pruning machine was adjusted, and height-controlled pruning was carried out row by row in the direction of the walnut orchard. Figure 3 .

[0057] (3) According to the crown width set in step (1), adjust the circular saw blade of the pruning machine so that the angle between the saw blade and the horizontal direction (ground) is 70-80°. Carry out crown width control pruning row by row according to the row direction of the walnut orchard. Each row of trees needs to be pruned once on both sides. Figure 4 .

[0058] (4) After the outer pruning of the crown is completed, the hydraulic automatic scissors or electric scissors (saws) on the pruning platform are used to prune the branches inside each tree row by row. The crown width between plants is mainly controlled by retraction and thinning. Specific methods: Thin out the branches with excessive density, cross growth, bare base and upright growth in the crown. The spacing of large main branches in the crown should not be less than 80cm; heavy pruning of fruiting branches over 4 years old is carried out to stimulate the germination and cultivation of new fruiting branches to achieve the purpose of renewing fruiting branches, so as to keep the tree compact and the fruiting part does not move outward; lightly retract large and medium-sized auxiliary branches (cut off 1 / 4 to 1 / 3 of the branch length), remove upright branches without space, leave flat and oblique branches, and use the method of pinching for the long branches with space; the distance between various fruiting branches is kept at about 50cm to 80cm, and they are evenly distributed on the main and side branches at all levels.

[0059] (5) Within 3 days after pruning, use a plant protection drone to spray the entire garden with 70wt.% methyl thiophanate 1100 times diluted to reduce the spread and infection of walnut rot pathogens through pruning wounds.

[0060] Example 3

[0061] The same as Example 2, the only difference is that the outer structure of the walnut tree crown is different, specifically: for a walnut orchard with a row spacing of 6m×8m, the top of the walnut tree crown is parallel to the ground, the angle between the crown on any side and the top of the crown is 70~80°, the crown height is 5.0m, and the crown width is 5m×5.5m (the crown width in the planting row direction is 5m, and the crown width perpendicular to the planting row direction is 5.5m).

[0062] Example 4

[0063] The same as Example 2, the only difference is that the outer structure of the walnut tree crown is different, specifically: for a walnut orchard with a row spacing of 6m×10m, the top of the walnut tree crown is parallel to the ground, the angle between the crown on any side and the top of the crown is 70~80°, the crown height is 5.5m, and the crown width is 5m×6.5m (the crown width in the planting row direction is 5m, and the crown width perpendicular to the planting row direction is 6.5m).

[0064] Comparative Example 1

[0065] Same as Example 2, except that no pruning is performed.

[0066] Comparative Example 2

[0067] Same as Example 3, except that no pruning is performed.

[0068] Comparative Example 3

[0069] Same as Example 4, except that no pruning is performed.

[0070] Test Example 1

[0071] The yield and quality of walnuts produced in the walnut gardens of Examples 2 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were statistically analyzed between 2020 and 2021, as shown in Table 3.

[0072] Table 3 Effect of mechanical pruning on walnut yield and quality (2020-2021 survey)

[0073]

[0074] As can be seen from Table 3, compared with the walnut trees that were allowed to grow without being pruned, the mechanical shaping and pruning of the present invention can effectively guarantee the yield quality. The yield increased in the second year after mechanical pruning, but not significantly. In the third year after pruning, the yield increased significantly. However, for unpruned walnut trees, nutritional competition intensified, branches and leaves grew vigorously, and the fruits were few. The yield quality remained at a low level and even decreased. Mechanical pruning changed the branch composition outside and inside the crown, greatly improved the individual and group lighting conditions of the walnut garden, suppressed excessive nutritional growth, redistributed the tree nutrition, and the result was more reasonable. The yield quality of walnuts was guaranteed.

[0075] It can be seen from the above content that the method for reducing the height and slimming of walnut trees provided by the present invention improves the yield and quality of walnut trees by scientifically shaping and pruning walnut trees, thereby achieving large-scale application.

[0076] Although the above embodiment describes the present invention in detail, it is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. People can also obtain other embodiments based on this embodiment without creativity, and these embodiments all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for reducing height and weight of walnut trees, characterized in that: The steps include: Prune the outer perimeter of the walnut tree crown to determine the outer perimeter structure of the crown; After determining the outer structure of the crown, the inner part of the crown of the walnut tree is pruned again to determine the inner structure of the crown; In the crown peripheral structure, the crown top of the walnut tree is parallel to the ground, the fixed trunk height is 4.5-5.5m, the crown width in the planting row is 4-5m, and the crown width perpendicular to the planting row is 4-6.5m; The outer structure of the tree crown is a quadrangular pyramid; the wide side of the bottom surface of the quadrangular pyramid is parallel to the planting row direction, the length is 4 to 5 meters, and the length of the long side of the bottom surface is 4 to 6.5 meters; the angle between the trapezoidal side surface and the top surface of the quadrangular pyramid is 70 to 80 degrees; In the internal structure of the tree crown, the distance between adjacent large main branches is 80 to 150 cm, and the distance between adjacent fruiting branch groups is 50 to 80 cm; The walnut trees have a plant spacing of 5 to 6 m and a row spacing of 6 to 10 m; The walnut trees are walnut trees that are 10 years old or older.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that When the spacing between walnut trees is 5m and the row spacing is 6m, in the outer structure of the crown, the fixed trunk height is 4.5m, the crown width in the planting row direction is 4m, and the crown width perpendicular to the planting row direction is 4m; When the plant spacing of the walnut trees is 6m and the row spacing is 8m, in the outer structure of the crown, the fixed trunk height is 5.0m, the crown width in the planting row direction is 5m, and the crown width perpendicular to the planting row direction is 5.5m; When the plant spacing of the walnut trees is 6m and the row spacing is 10m, in the outer structure of the crown, the fixed trunk height is 5.5m, the crown width in the planting row direction is 5m, and the crown width perpendicular to the planting row direction is 6.5m.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fruit-bearing branch groups are evenly distributed on main branches and side branches at all levels.

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