A method for breeding new wheat varieties based on full digital means

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of agricultural information breeding technology, and discloses a method for breeding new wheat varieties based on full digital means, comprising the following steps: (1) the first year is divided into three stages: spring, summer and autumn; (2) the second year is divided into two stages: summer and autumn; (3) the third year is divided into two stages: summer and autumn; (4) the fourth year is divided into two stages: summer and autumn; (5) the fifth year is divided into two stages: summer and autumn; (6) the sixth year is divided into one stage: summer; the full digital method for breeding high-yield new wheat varieties invented by this patent is an innovative breeding practice scheme, although there is still genetic diversity of early separation generation groups, that is, group consistency problems, and selection judgment needs to be increased in practice.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of agricultural information breeding, and in particular to a method for breeding new wheat varieties based on full-process digital means. Background Art

[0002] To strengthen agriculture, the primary task is to strengthen the supply and security of grain and important agricultural products. my country's total grain output has remained above 1.3 trillion jin since 2015, relying on its own strength to achieve "the Chinese people should hold their own rice bowls in their own hands, and fill them with their own grain."

[0003] "Agriculture starts with seeds." Over the past decade, my country has made great efforts to promote the revitalization of the crop seed industry and keep the leading varieties firmly in its own hands. At present, the coverage rate of improved varieties of major crops in my country is over 96%, and the area of ​​independently bred varieties accounts for more than 95%.

[0004] Wheat is the third largest staple food in my country, with about 40% of the population relying on wheat as their staple food. In 2022, the national wheat planting area was 23,518,500 hectares (accounting for 19.87% of the total annual grain planting area), and the total output was 137.723 million tons (accounting for 20.06% of the total annual grain output). Among them, new wheat varieties have made an indelible contribution to the bumper harvest of grain.

[0005] "Plant breeding is a science and an art" Crop breeding is a science and an art. As the "art" attribute of breeding work, traditional breeding work mainly relies on the "experience accumulation" of breeders, and there is obvious "experience breeding", especially for "conventional crops" such as wheat (that is, production mainly uses conventional varieties rather than hybrids). The "experience breeding" of wheat has the following problems:

[0006] First, the breeding cycle is long, and the cost-effectiveness of new varieties is reduced. The breeding cycle of wheat is usually more than 10 years (breeding units can shorten the breeding period through "off-site generation"), and a lot of manpower, financial and material resources are required during this period. In recent years, the pace of crop variety renewal has been accelerating. In 2017-2022, 26, 77, 59, 106, 154 and 178 new wheat varieties were approved by the state (the main producing provinces also increased the number of provincial approvals for new varieties at the same time), and the national wheat planting area in 2022 will only increase by less than 370 thousand hectares from 23,149 thousand hectares in 2017, which means that the market share and "promotion life" of new wheat varieties bred at a great cost of time and factor costs are constantly compressed, and the cost floor of new varieties is rising and the benefit ceiling is sinking.

[0007] Second, empirical breeding itself has a certain degree of uncertainty and even subjective bias. Due to the different subjective judgment angles and evaluation principles of different breeders, in practice, there is a situation of "eight immortals crossing the sea, each showing their magical powers". Many potentially useful agronomic traits are eliminated in the early generation, and the elimination rate of each generation is as high as 90%. The breeding efficiency is low, the potential excellent traits are seriously lost, and the new varieties are seriously homogenized.

[0008] Third, "experience recognition" requires a long period of front-line work accumulation. With the changes in the structure of the workforce in various breeding units, more and more graduates with higher education in related fields (such as master's and doctoral degrees) have joined the front-line breeding work. For this new breeding force, field breeding practice is obviously different from basic scientific research in the laboratory. Following the traditional "empirical breeding" requires continuing to pay a lot of time costs to "accumulate experience"; and the seed market competition is becoming increasingly fierce. Seed companies do not want their breeding teams to be "silent and inactive" for a long time, which can easily lead to biased evaluations of new breeders' "low breeding level" in employers, which is not conducive to the role of talents and their healthy growth.

[0009] Fourth, there has not yet been a good breakthrough in the issue of how highly educated talents can transform book knowledge into practical advantages in experience-based breeding. That is, how highly educated talents can use their strengths in theoretical knowledge and information technology to offset the bottleneck of traditional breeders' strengths in experience needs to be quickly broken.

[0010] Fifth, the high dependence of breeding enterprises on "experienced breeders" breeds potential risks to the long-term development of enterprises. Once experienced breeders leave (or change jobs), related work may be paralyzed and cannot be quickly taken over by others, thus bringing instability to the long-term development of the enterprise.

[0011] Based on this, we proposed a method for breeding new wheat varieties based on full digital means, hoping to solve the shortcomings of existing technologies. Summary of the invention

[0012] 1. Technical issues to be solved

[0013] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a method for breeding new wheat varieties based on full digital means.

[0014] (II) Technical solution

[0015] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0016] A method for breeding new wheat varieties based on full digital means, comprising the following steps:

[0017] (1) The first year is divided into three phases: spring, summer and autumn;

[0018] In the spring stage, hybrid combinations are prepared according to breeding needs; in the summer stage, F1 seeds of each combination are harvested; in the autumn stage, the harvested F1 seeds are sown with equal row lengths and equal seed quantities, and the corresponding hybrid parents are sown at the same time;

[0019] (2) The second year is divided into two phases: summer and autumn;

[0020] In the summer stage, the F2 generation products were harvested; in the autumn stage, the F2 generation with “super-parent” yield was selected from the “row yield” data, and equal-area plots were planted, and two varieties for large-area production were set as “control” varieties;

[0021] (3) The third year is divided into two phases: summer and autumn;

[0022] In the summer stage, the products of the F3 generation segregating population are harvested; in the autumn stage, several high-yield F3 population seeds are selected and sown sparsely with single seeds;

[0023] (4) The fourth year is divided into two phases: summer and autumn;

[0024] In the summer stage: harvest F4 plants individually; in the autumn stage: the combination that meets the standard of "single plant with yield exceeding 15g accounts for more than 50%" is mixed with single plant seeds with yield above 15g to form a mixed group for plot sowing;

[0025] Set up 2 or more promoted varieties for comparison;

[0026] (5) The fifth year is divided into two phases: summer and autumn;

[0027] In the summer stage: harvest F5 generation plot seeds, in the autumn stage: select combinations to participate in variety comparison or preparatory trials;

[0028] (6) The sixth year is divided into one phase: summer;

[0029] Among them, in the summer stage: the combination participating in the regional test is determined based on the yield performance of variety comparison tests or preliminary trials.

[0030] As a further technical solution, more than 10 ears of each hybrid combination in step (1) are artificially pollinated to obtain sufficient hybrid seeds.

[0031] As a further technical solution, corresponding data collection and processing are carried out from the second year to the sixth year.

[0032] As a further technical solution: in the summer stage of the second year: collect "row yield" data and calculate the "over-parent" increase of "row yield", and in the autumn stage: use "yield over-parent by 20%" as the selection standard;

[0033] The remaining materials were labeled and stored at low temperature.

[0034] As a further technical solution: in the summer stage of the third year: collect plot yield data and compare with control varieties; in the autumn stage: select plots or combinations with high yield increases, collect yield, grain weight and other information for the remaining materials, and take 250g of preferred grains for low temperature storage.

[0035] As a further technical solution, in the summer stage of the fourth year: the grain yield data of individual plants are collected and a distribution curve is drawn; in the autumn stage: "more than 50% of individual plants producing more than 15g" is used as the selection criterion for selection and elimination; and obviously different individual plants are removed during the growing season.

[0036] As a further technical solution, in the summer stage at the end of the fifth year: collect plot yield data and calculate the yield increase compared with the control; in the autumn stage: determine the reserve varieties based on the plot yield comparison increase of more than 10% as the selection index; remove obviously different individual plants during the growing season.

[0037] As a further technical solution: In the summer stage of the sixth year: collect plot yield data.

[0038] (III) Beneficial effects

[0039] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a method for breeding new wheat varieties based on full digital means, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0040] The fully digital high-yield new wheat variety breeding method invented by this patent is an innovative breeding practice program, although there is still genetic diversity in the early separation generation population, that is, the problem of population consistency, and it is necessary to increase selection judgment in practice. It is specifically manifested in the following points:

[0041] 1. This method does not require long-term accumulation of practical experience and is completely based on numbers;

[0042] Second, high-level breeding technical personnel have professional advantages in digital applications and can quickly “get started”;

[0043] 3. Digital breeding has strong universality and industry applicability, and is easily accepted and referenced by different breeders, facilitating the innovation of crop breeding methods and technologies;

[0044] Fourth, it avoids the risk that a "breeder" can revitalize an enterprise, but the departure of an experienced breeder can destroy an enterprise. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0045] Figure 1 Results graph for yield selection of F2 population plots;

[0046] Figure 2It is a linear relationship diagram between group composition and group yield performance;

[0047] Figure 3 The 2023 wheat summer harvest product comparison plot yield performance bar chart;

[0048] Figure 4 This is a bar chart showing the distribution of single-plant yield for the two combination groups in the summer harvest of 2023. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] The following will be combined with the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0050] A method for breeding new wheat varieties based on full digital means, comprising the following steps:

[0051] (1) The first year is divided into three phases: spring, summer and autumn;

[0052] In the spring stage, hybrid combinations are prepared according to breeding needs; in the summer stage, F1 seeds of each combination are harvested; in the autumn stage, the harvested F1 seeds are sown with equal row lengths and equal seed quantities, and the corresponding hybrid parents are sown at the same time;

[0053] (2) The second year is divided into two phases: summer and autumn;

[0054] In the summer stage, the F2 generation population products were harvested; in the autumn stage, the F2 generation with “super-parent” yield was selected from the “row yield” data and planted in equal-area plots (two varieties for large-area production were set as “control” varieties);

[0055] (3) The third year is divided into two phases: summer and autumn;

[0056] In the summer stage, the products of the F3 generation segregating population are harvested; in the autumn stage, several high-yield F3 population seeds are selected and sown sparsely with single seeds;

[0057] (4) The fourth year is divided into two phases: summer and autumn;

[0058] In the summer stage: harvest F4 plants individually; in the autumn stage: the combination that meets the standard of "single plant with yield exceeding 15g accounts for more than 50%" is mixed with single plant seeds with yield above 15g to form a mixed group for plot sowing;

[0059] Set up 2 or more promoted varieties for comparison;

[0060] (5) The fifth year is divided into two phases: summer and autumn;

[0061] In the summer stage: harvest F5 generation plot seeds, in the autumn stage: select combinations to participate in variety comparison or preparatory trials;

[0062] (6) The sixth year is divided into one phase: summer;

[0063] Among them, in the summer stage: the combination participating in the regional test is determined based on the yield performance of variety comparison tests or preliminary trials.

[0064] In step (1), more than 10 ears of each hybrid combination are artificially pollinated to obtain sufficient hybrid seeds.

[0065] From the second year to the sixth year, corresponding data collection and processing will be carried out respectively.

[0066] In the summer of the second year: collect the data of "row yield" and calculate the "over-parent" increase of "row yield". In the autumn stage: use "yield over-parent by 20%" as the selection standard;

[0067] The remaining materials were labeled and stored at low temperature.

[0068] In the mid-summer stage of the third year: collect plot yield data and compare with the control varieties; in the autumn stage: select plots or combinations with high yield increases, collect yield, grain weight and other information for the remaining materials, and take 250g of selected grains and store them at low temperature.

[0069] In the summer of the fourth year: collect data on grain yield per plant and draw a distribution curve; in the autumn stage: select and eliminate based on the selection criteria of "more than 50% of single plants yielding more than 15g"; remove obviously different single plants during the growing season.

[0070] In the summer at the end of the fifth year: collect plot yield data and calculate the increase in yield compared with the control; in the autumn stage: determine the reserve varieties based on the plot yield increase of more than 10% as the selection indicator; remove obviously different individual plants during the growing season.

[0071] In the hybrid F1 generation, "yield exceeding parent by 20%" is used as the primary selection basis.

[0072] Hybrid vigor is an important theoretical basis for crop breeding, which can be intuitively understood as the accumulation of high-yield related genes carried by the offspring of the hybrid parents (paternal ♂ and maternal ♀) through genetic recombination. In specific practice, "20% super-parent" is selected as an indicator for evaluating the yield potential of the group in the F1 generation, eliminating combinations with no obvious yield advantage and reducing the pressure of subsequent work.

[0073] In the hybrid F3 generation population, "the proportion of single plants with a yield exceeding 15g exceeds 50%" is the key basis.

[0074] The combinations initially screened based on the "yield 20% above the parent" indicator (67 combinations were selected from the 168 hybrid combinations actually matched) were further screened in the next year's "plot" planting for combinations that increased yield compared to the control variety (13 combinations were obtained). Figure 1 .

[0075] Figure 1 : From the 168 wheat hybrid combinations randomly matched in 2019, 67 combinations were obtained by comparing the "F1 row yield" in the 2019-2020 wheat growing season, with "yield exceeding the parent by 20%" as the selection indicator; then, 13 F2 generation groups with yield exceeding the control "Quanmai 725" were obtained through the "plot" yield comparison in the 2020-2021 wheat growing season.

[0076] Summer phase of the sixth year: Collecting plot yield data.

[0077] The 13 combinations selected based on the above digital information will continue to be studied for population distribution in the next year, using the single-grain sowing method. The grain yield data of individual plants in each combination group will be collected during the harvest period. The results are shown in Table 1: The yield of the plot is higher than that of the high-yield control Quanmai 725.

[0078] Table 1 Grain yield composition of individual plants in F3 progeny population

[0079]

[0080]

[0081] The results in Table 1 show that the high yield potential of combination 49 is significantly positively correlated with the high proportion (over 50%) of the higher single-plant grain yield (with more than 15 g as the judging index) in the group, which fully demonstrates that it is feasible to select the expected variety based on this index. Figure 2 .

[0082] Figure 2 :In order to clarify the rationality of the judgment method using "distribution of single plant yield in the population" as a digital indicator, the single plant grain yield data of the selected population was collected in the 2021-2022 wheat growing season. The results showed that there was an obvious positive linear correlation between "the proportion of plants with single plant grain yield exceeding 15g (y)" and "the increase in yield of the experimental plot compared with the control variety Quanmai 725 (x)" y=4.422x+19.28, R 2 =0.965.

[0083] The higher the proportion of single plants with grain yield exceeding 15 g in the population, the higher the yield of the combined plot in the previous year (correlation coefficient 0.9823), indicating that high yield is positively correlated with the proportion of excellent single plants in the population.

[0084] Based on this result, theoretical calculations show that if the wheat field production population is calculated based on 100,000 basic seedlings, and the number of individual plants with a yield of over 15g accounts for more than 50%, it means that there are 50,000 plants with a yield of over 15g, then the expected yield per mu will exceed 750 kilograms.

[0085] The third key point of the invention: in the hybrid F4 generation, "yield exceeds the control variety by 10%" is used as the basis for recommending reserve varieties.

[0086] According to the "Combination 49" obtained from the above-mentioned "digital" evaluation, the single-plant group with grain yield exceeding 15g was mixed as a participating "line". In the fourth year, a variety comparison test was carried out to compare the yield of the plot with the varieties that were widely promoted and applied in production.

[0087] The results showed that "Combination 49" also showed good yield performance, with the yield of the plot increasing by 10.15% compared with the average yield of the control varieties. Figure 3 , while "Combination 24" (as a comparison of this selection method), which did not perform well in production last year, is still not outstanding.

[0088] Figure 3 : In order to verify the actual field yield performance of the selected combination 49, the yield of this combination was compared with that of 10 production promotion varieties in standard plots (3 repetitions) in the 2022-2023 wheat growing season. The results showed that the average yield of this combination in the plot increased by 10.25% compared with the average yield of the 10 approved promotion varieties (at the same time, it was compared with another combination 24 composed of low single-plant yield, and the actual yield performance of this combination was not competitive).

[0089] The study on group yield distribution was conducted simultaneously (repeatedly) in this year. The results are as follows Figure 4 shown.

[0090] Figure 4 : In the 2022-2023 wheat growing season, single-grain sowing was carried out on combinations 49 and 24, and data on group composition were collected to demonstrate the stability of the method of using "single-plant grain yield distribution data" as an evaluation indicator, showing that the distribution of single-plant grain yield composition of combination groups in consecutive years has a strong consistency.

[0091] The results showed that the distribution trend of grain yield per plant in the wheat population was stable and heritable. Combination 24 was mainly distributed in the 5-15g range, while combination 49 was mainly distributed in the 10-20g range, which was close to the results of the previous year. This result shows that the "pure digital" indicator of "grain yield distribution per plant" for population yield evaluation can be passed on between generations, and therefore can be used as a standard for determining reserve high-yield varieties.

[0092] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for breeding new wheat varieties based on full digital means, It is characterized in that The following steps are involved: (1) The first year is divided into three phases: spring, summer and autumn; In the spring stage, hybrid combinations are prepared according to breeding needs; in the summer stage, F1 seeds of each combination are harvested; in the autumn stage, the harvested F1 seeds are sown with equal row lengths and equal seed quantities, and the corresponding hybrid parents are sown at the same time; (2) The second year is divided into two phases: summer and autumn; In the summer stage, the F2 generation products were harvested; in the autumn stage, the F2 generation with a yield that was 20% higher than the parent was selected from the "row yield" data, and planted in equal-sized plots, and two varieties for large-scale production were set as "control" varieties; (3) The third year is divided into two phases: summer and autumn; In the summer stage, the products of the F3 generation segregating population are harvested; in the autumn stage, several high-yield F3 population seeds are selected and sown sparsely with single seeds; (4) The fourth year is divided into two phases: summer and autumn; In the summer stage, the F4 plants are harvested individually; in the autumn stage, the combinations that meet the standard of "more than 50% of the single plants produce more than 15g" are mixed with single plants with grains of more than 15g to form a mixed group for sowing in the plot; Set up 2 or more promoted varieties for comparison; (5) The fifth year is divided into two phases: summer and autumn; In the summer stage: harvest F5 generation plot seeds, in the autumn stage: select combinations to participate in variety comparison or preparatory trials; (6) The sixth year is divided into one phase: summer; Among them, in the summer stage: the combination participating in the regional test is determined based on the yield performance of the variety comparison test or the preliminary test; from the second year to the sixth year, the corresponding data collection and processing are carried out respectively.

2. A method for breeding new wheat varieties based on full digital means according to claim 1, It is characterized in that In step (1), more than 10 ears of each hybrid combination are artificially pollinated to obtain sufficient hybrid seeds.

3. A method for breeding new wheat varieties based on full digital means according to claim 1, Features: In the summer stage of the second year: collect "row yield" data and calculate the "over-parent" increase of "row yield". In the autumn stage: use "yield over-parent by 20%" as the selection standard; The remaining materials were labeled and stored at low temperature.

4. A method for breeding new wheat varieties based on full digital means according to claim 1, Features: In the summer stage of the third year: collect plot yield data and compare with control varieties; in the autumn stage: select plots or combinations with high yield increases, collect yield, grain weight and other information for the remaining materials, and take 250g of preferred grains for low temperature storage.

5. A method for breeding new wheat varieties based on full digital means according to claim 1, It is characterized in that In the summer stage of the fourth year: the grain yield data of individual plants are collected and a distribution curve is drawn; in the autumn stage: selection and elimination are carried out based on the selection criteria of "more than 50% of individual plants exceeding 15g"; and individual plants that are obviously different are removed during the growing season.

6. A method for breeding new wheat varieties based on full digital means according to claim 1, It is characterized in that In the summer stage of the fifth year: collect plot yield data and calculate the yield increase compared with the control; in the autumn stage: determine the reserve varieties based on the plot yield comparison increase of more than 10% as the selection index; remove obviously different individual plants during the growing season.

7. A method for breeding new wheat varieties based on full digital means according to claim 1, Features: The summer stage of the sixth year: collecting plot yield data.

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