A method and system for detecting the torque of high-strength bolts based on random sampling

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of steel structure engineering, and specifically refers to a high-strength bolt torque detection method and detection system based on random sampling. The following steps are followed: S1. Randomly select multiple high-strength bolts from the target to be tested and obtain the torque of the selected high-strength bolts, and inspect the torque data of the selected high-strength bolts until the high-strength bolts that pass the inspection are obtained; S2. Calculate the reference torque coefficient and the torque coefficient to be tested based on the torque of the high-strength bolts that pass the inspection, the torque of the high-strength bolts to be tested, the design pre-tension of the target to be tested, and the nominal diameter of the high-strength bolts; S3. Compare the reference torque coefficient, the torque coefficient to be tested with the set range, and judge whether the torque of the high-strength bolt to be tested is qualified according to the comparison. The torque detection of the high-strength bolts to be tested in this application is related to the overall level of the high-strength bolt torque of the target to be tested, and reflects the influence of the high-strength bolt torque of the target to be tested in the environment of the target to be tested.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of steel structure engineering, and in particular to a high-strength bolt torque detection method and detection system based on random sampling. Background Art

[0002] High-strength bolt connection is the main connection form of steel structure engineering at present. High-strength bolt connection has excellent stress performance, fatigue resistance and seismic resistance. It is easy to construct and has a wide range of applications. It has become one of the main connection methods for on-site installation of steel structure engineering. However, in the actual application of high-strength bolts, some construction units ignore the importance of tightening technology, and the tightening steps are arbitrary and do not pay attention to construction details, resulting in hazards and accidents such as failure and breakage of high-strength bolts, which seriously threaten the safety of steel structures. Timely torque detection after the high-strength bolt tightening construction is completed can effectively improve the construction quality of high-strength bolts. However, the traditional method of checking the tightness of bolts is manual detection, which uses auxiliary tools such as torque wrenches to randomly sample or fully check the tightness of bolts on steel structures. The existing high-strength bolt torque detection method is relatively cumbersome, time-consuming and labor-intensive, and the torque detection results of each high-strength bolt are independent of each other and have no correlation, which is difficult to match with the engineering site environment.

[0003] Some people have also proposed a method of using drone image spatial positioning to detect the torque of high-strength bolts. The Chinese invention patent "CN113447255A" entitled "Bolt node loosening detection method and system based on drone image spatial positioning" discloses a method for detecting bolt node looseness using a drone. The method is specifically performed in the following steps: S1. Obtaining the structural design drawings and position information of multiple bolts to be tested, determining the original size of the bolt head of the bolt to be tested, and calculating the theoretical deformation data of the bolt head in the tightened state;

[0004] S2. According to the position information of the bolt to be tested, the image of the bolt head is collected by the drone around the steel structure where the bolt to be tested is located, and the spatial coordinates when the image is collected are recorded; S3. According to the image and spatial coordinates of the bolt head of the bolt to be tested, the current size of the bolt head is calculated; S4. The current size of the bolt head of the bolt to be tested is compared and analyzed with the theoretical deformation data, and the looseness of the bolt to be tested is determined and identified according to the preset deformation threshold. The detection method introduced in the patent is based on image recognition by drones, and the standard bolt tightening size is compared with the bolt size photographed on site to determine whether the current bolt is in a tightened state. This method requires the investment of equipment such as drones, and the cost of use is relatively high. At the same time, the image processing equipment also requires a lot of cost. In addition, this method is a full measurement mode, that is, each bolt needs to be tested. This detection method is very complicated. The torque detection of each bolt is independent of each other and has no correlation with each other. The bolt is compared with the standard tightening condition, which does not match the engineering site environment. It cannot truly reflect the influence of the bolt torque on the bolt in the environment where the bolt is located. It is not applicable to the torque detection of high-strength bolts in steel structure engineering. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the deficiencies of the above-mentioned background technology and to provide a high-strength bolt torque detection method and detection system based on random sampling.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention is: a high-strength bolt torque detection method based on random sampling, which is carried out according to the following steps:

[0007] S1. randomly selecting a plurality of high-strength bolts from the target to be tested and obtaining the torque of the selected high-strength bolts, obtaining the torque of the high-strength bolts to be tested from the same target to be tested, inspecting the torque data of the selected high-strength bolts, and replacing the selected high-strength bolts when the inspection fails, until obtaining high-strength bolts that pass the inspection;

[0008] S2. Calculate the reference torque coefficient and the torque coefficient to be measured based on the torque of the high-strength bolts that have passed the inspection, the torque of the high-strength bolts to be measured, the design pre-tension of the target to be measured, and the nominal diameter of the high-strength bolts;

[0009] S3. Compare the reference torque coefficient, the torque coefficient to be tested and the set range, and determine whether the torque of the high-strength bolt to be tested is qualified based on the comparison results.

[0010] According to a high-strength bolt torque detection method based on random sampling provided by the present application, in step S1, the method for testing the torque data of the selected high-strength bolt includes: performing a normality test on the torque data of the selected high-strength bolt, if the test significance level meets the set test significance level, the selected high-strength bolt is qualified; if the test significance level does not meet the set test significance level, the selected high-strength bolt is unqualified.

[0011] According to a high-strength bolt torque detection method based on random sampling provided by the present application, in step S1, the method for replacing the selected high-strength bolts when the inspection fails includes: randomly selecting multiple high-strength bolts from the target to be tested again and obtaining the torque of the re-selected high-strength bolts, the re-selected high-strength bolts do not overlap with the selected high-strength bolts, the re-selected high-strength bolts are divided into a large data group and a small data group according to the torque size, the high-strength bolts that fail the inspection are sorted according to the torque size, and the high-strength bolts in the large data group are used to replace at least one high-strength bolt on the larger torque side of the high-strength bolts that fail the inspection in sequence, and the high-strength bolts in the small data group are used to replace at least one high-strength bolt on the smaller torque side of the high-strength bolts that fail the inspection in sequence, so as to complete the replacement of the selected high-strength bolts.

[0012] According to a high-strength bolt torque detection method based on random sampling provided by the present application, in step S2, the method for calculating the reference torque coefficient based on the torque of the high-strength bolts that have passed the inspection, the design pre-tension of the target to be measured, and the nominal diameter of the high-strength bolts includes: calculating the average torque of the high-strength bolts that have passed the inspection, and calculating the reference torque coefficient according to the following formula:

[0013]

[0014] Where: K0——reference torque coefficient;

[0015] T0——Average torque of high-strength bolts that have passed the inspection;

[0016] P——design pre-tension of the target to be measured;

[0017] d——nominal diameter of high-strength bolt.

[0018] According to a high-strength bolt torque detection method based on random sampling provided by the present application, in step S2, the method for calculating the torque coefficient to be measured based on the high-strength bolt torque to be measured, the target design pre-tension to be measured, and the nominal diameter of the high-strength bolt includes: calculating the torque coefficient to be measured of the high-strength bolt to be measured according to the following formula,

[0019]

[0020] Where: K i——Torque coefficient to be measured;

[0021] T i ——Torque of the high-strength bolt to be tested;

[0022] P——design pre-tension of the target to be measured;

[0023] d——nominal diameter of high-strength bolt.

[0024] According to a high-strength bolt torque detection method based on random sampling provided by the present application, in step S3, the method of comparing the reference torque coefficient, the torque coefficient to be measured and the set range includes: comparing the ratio of the torque coefficient to be measured and the reference torque coefficient with the set range; the set range is a set range limited by a lower limit value and an upper limit value; if the ratio is between the lower limit value and the upper limit value, it is judged that the torque of the high-strength bolt to be measured is qualified, otherwise it is unqualified.

[0025] According to a high-strength bolt torque detection method based on random sampling provided by the present application, the lower limit value is 08 to 0.9; the upper limit value is 1.0 to 1.1.

[0026] The present application also provides a high-strength bolt torque detection system based on random sampling, wherein the detection system performs detection according to the above-mentioned high-strength bolt torque detection method based on random sampling, including:

[0027] An acquisition module, the acquisition module is used to randomly select a plurality of high-strength bolts from the target to be tested and obtain the torque of the selected high-strength bolts and the torque of the high-strength bolts to be tested;

[0028] An inspection module, the inspection module is used to inspect the obtained high-strength bolt torque and replace the selected high-strength bolt if the inspection fails until a high-strength bolt torque that passes the inspection is obtained;

[0029] A first determination module, wherein the first determination module calculates a reference torque coefficient according to the torque of the high-strength bolt that has passed the inspection, the design pre-tension of the target to be measured, and the nominal diameter of the high-strength bolt;

[0030] A second determination module, wherein the second determination module calculates the torque coefficient to be measured according to the torque data of the high-strength bolt to be measured, the design pre-tension of the target to be measured, and the nominal diameter of the high-strength bolt;

[0031] A judgment module is used to compare the reference torque coefficient, the torque coefficient to be tested and the set range to judge whether the torque of the high-strength bolt to be tested is qualified.

[0032] According to a high-strength bolt torque detection system based on random sampling provided by the present application, the inspection module includes:

[0033] A normality test module, wherein the normality test module is used to perform a normality test on the selected high-strength bolt torque and determine whether the selected high-strength bolt torque accepts the normality hypothesis;

[0034] A replacement module is used to replace the selected high-strength bolt when the torque of the selected high-strength bolt does not meet the normal assumption.

[0035] According to a high-strength bolt torque detection system based on random sampling provided by the present application, the first determination module includes:

[0036] A mean value calculation module, the mean value calculation module is used to calculate the average torque of the high-strength bolts that have passed the inspection;

[0037] A reference torque coefficient calculation module is used to calculate the reference torque coefficient in the form of a ratio of the average torque to the product of the design pre-tension of the target to be measured and the nominal diameter of the high-strength bolt.

[0038] According to a high-strength bolt torque detection system based on random sampling provided by the present application, the second determination module includes:

[0039] The coefficient calculation module to be measured is used to calculate the torque coefficient to be measured in the form of a ratio of the torque of the high-strength bolt to be measured to the product of the design pre-tension force of the target to be measured and the nominal diameter of the high-strength bolt.

[0040] According to a high-strength bolt torque detection system based on random sampling provided by the present application, the judgment module includes:

[0041] A ratio calculation module, the ratio calculation module is used to calculate the ratio of the torque coefficient to be measured and the reference torque coefficient;

[0042] A comparison module is used to compare the ratio with a set range. If the ratio is within the set range, it is judged that the torque of the high-strength bolt to be tested is qualified; otherwise, it is judged that the torque of the high-strength bolt to be tested is unqualified.

[0043] The advantages of the present application are as follows: 1. The present application randomly selects a plurality of high-strength bolts from the target to be measured, and the torque of the high-strength bolts after inspection meets the overall level of the torque of the high-strength bolts on the target to be measured, that is, the torque of the randomly selected high-strength bolts that have passed the inspection can represent the torque of the high-strength bolts on the target to be measured, and then the torque of the high-strength bolts to be measured and the torque of the selected high-strength bolts are compared with each other after data processing, so as to judge whether the torque of the high-strength bolts to be measured meets the overall level of the torque of the high-strength bolts of the target to be measured. The torque detection method of the present application is completely based on the overall level of the torque of the high-strength bolts of the target to be measured, and is widely related to the environment in which the high-strength bolts to be measured are located, and can accurately reflect the influence of the torque of the high-strength bolts to be measured on the torque of the high-strength bolts in the target to be measured in the environment in which they are located, and the detected torque of the high-strength bolts to be measured is no longer independent, and is no longer a comparison with the standard tightening condition, but can better reflect the tightening condition of the high-strength bolts to be measured in the current environment;

[0044] 2. The present application performs a normality check on the torque data of the selected high-strength bolts. The normality check can determine whether the torque of the randomly selected high-strength bolts can truly reflect the overall torque level of the high-strength bolts on the target to be tested. If the torque data of the selected high-strength bolts does not accept the normality assumption, it is necessary to replace them with new high-strength bolts until the torque data of the high-strength bolts that meet the normality test is obtained, so as to provide an analysis basis for whether the high-strength bolts to be tested meet the overall torque level of the high-strength bolts on the target to be tested. The verification method of the present application is very simple and the operation is very convenient.

[0045] 3. When the torque data of the high-strength bolts is found to be unqualified during the inspection, the present application can randomly select multiple high-strength bolts from the target to be tested for replacement, and then re-check. The data replacement method is very simple, and the torque data of the selected high-strength bolts can be quickly verified to meet the normal state test, and the torque data that meets the overall level of the high-strength bolt torque on the target to be tested can be quickly obtained, which provides a good basis for accurately analyzing the high-strength bolts to be tested.

[0046] 4. This application calculates the reference torque coefficient that can reflect the overall level of high-strength bolt torque in the target to be measured by the average torque of the qualified high-strength bolts, the designed pre-tension of the target to be measured, and the nominal diameter of the high-strength bolts. The calculation method is simple, and the calculation result reflects the torque level of the target to be measured, which is convenient for subsequent further analysis;

[0047] 5. The present application calculates the torque coefficient to be measured by the torque of the high-strength bolt to be measured, the designed pre-tension of the target to be measured and the nominal diameter of the high-strength bolt. The torque coefficient to be measured can reflect the torque state of the high-strength bolt to be measured under the designed pre-tension of the target to be measured. Comparing the torque coefficient to be measured with the reference torque coefficient can accurately reflect the true torque situation of the high-strength bolt to be measured under the target to be measured. The whole calculation method is simple and the calculation and analysis are accurate.

[0048] 6. By comparing and analyzing the torque coefficient to be measured with the reference torque coefficient, the present application can accurately determine the actual situation of the high-strength bolt to be measured in the torque data of the high-strength bolts in the target to be measured. By comparing with the set range, it can be obtained whether the high-strength bolt to be measured meets the overall torque situation of the high-strength bolts in the target to be measured. The analysis method is simple, and the analysis results are completely related to the environment, which truly reflects the torque situation of the high-strength bolt to be measured.

[0049] The torque detection of the high-strength bolts to be tested in this application is related to the overall level of the high-strength bolt torque of the target to be tested, and reflects the influence of the high-strength bolts to be tested in the target environment to be tested on the high-strength bolt torque of the target to be tested. The situation reflected is more real, and the entire detection method is simple, easy to use, and has great promotion value. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0050] Figure 1 : Schematic diagram of the detection method of the present application;

[0051] Figure 2 : Schematic diagram of the orthotropic steel bridge deck structure of an embodiment of the present application;

[0052] Among them: 1—first orthotropic steel bridge deck; 2—first U rib; 3—second orthotropic steel bridge deck; 4—second U rib; 5—high-strength bolts. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements with the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are intended to be used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0054] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0055] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0056] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0057] The present application relates to a high-strength bolt torque detection method based on random sampling and a corresponding detection system. The high-strength bolt torque detection method of the present application is to randomly select multiple high-strength bolts from a target to be tested for inspection, and obtain high-strength bolt torque data that can reflect the overall level of the high-strength bolt torque in the target to be tested by repeated inspection and repeated selection. Then, the obtained high-strength bolt torque data is used as the basis for judging the torque of the high-strength bolt to be tested. In this way, it can be accurately judged whether the high-strength bolt to be tested meets the overall level of the torque of the high-strength bolt in the target to be tested. Compared with the traditional high-strength bolt torque detection, the detection of the high-strength bolt in the present application can more truly reflect the actual torque situation of the high-strength bolt to be tested in the current target to be tested. This detection method is related to the environment in which the high-strength bolt to be tested is located, and the influence of the target to be tested where the high-strength bolt to be tested is located can be obtained. The impact of the high-strength bolt torque in the target to be tested can be obtained.

[0058] Specifically, Figure 1 As shown, the detection method of the present application is carried out according to the following steps:

[0059] S1. Randomly select multiple high-strength bolts from the target to be tested (at least 10 or more, too few may result in a long subsequent inspection cycle) and obtain the torque of the selected high-strength bolts, obtain the torque of the high-strength bolts to be tested from the same target to be tested, and inspect the torque data of the selected high-strength bolts. If the inspection fails, the selected high-strength bolts are replaced until a high-strength bolt that passes the inspection is obtained;

[0060] The purpose of obtaining high-strength bolts that have passed the inspection is to obtain torque data of multiple high-strength bolts that can truly reflect the overall torque level of high-strength bolts in the target to be tested, so as to facilitate subsequent data analysis based on it;

[0061] S2. Calculate the reference torque coefficient and the torque coefficient to be measured based on the torque of the high-strength bolts that have passed the inspection, the torque of the high-strength bolts to be measured, the design pre-tension of the target to be measured, and the nominal diameter of the high-strength bolts;

[0062] The reference torque coefficient represents the overall torque level of the high-strength bolts in the target to be tested, and the torque coefficient to be tested represents the torque of the high-strength bolts to be tested under the design conditions of the target to be tested.

[0063] S3. Compare the reference torque coefficient, the torque coefficient to be tested and the set range, and determine whether the torque of the high-strength bolt to be tested is qualified based on the comparison results.

[0064] By comparing the comparison of the torque coefficient to be tested with the reference torque coefficient and the set range, it is possible to determine whether the torque of the high-strength bolt to be tested meets the overall level of the high-strength bolt torque in the target to be tested. This detection method reflects the torque situation of the high-strength bolt to be tested in the current target to be tested.

[0065] In some embodiments of the present application, this embodiment optimizes the above-mentioned step S1. The target to be measured in the present application is a steel structure or a system composed of multiple steel structures, and multiple groups of high-strength bolts are arranged on the target to be measured. As mentioned above, the selection of high-strength bolts in the target to be measured in this embodiment is random, and the random selection method can more truly reflect the overall torque situation of the high-strength bolts in the target to be measured under the current working environment. The random sampling method includes but is not limited to simple random sampling, systematic random sampling, and stratified random sampling. Alternatively, the torque of the high-strength bolts at multiple selected positions in the target to be measured can also be obtained, and the torque at the selected position can reflect the overall torque situation of the high-strength bolts at the specific position of the target to be measured under the current working environment.

[0066] The torque of the high-strength bolt can be obtained by methods including the loosening-retracting method or the tightening method. These methods for obtaining torque are commonly used technical means by those skilled in the art and will not be described in detail here.

[0067] In this embodiment, the torque of the selected high-strength bolts is tested for normality by using the Shapiro-Wilk test. The specific steps of the test can be carried out according to the method specified in the "Normality Test for Statistical Processing and Interpretation of Data" (GB / T 4882-2001). The specific steps are not repeated here. In this embodiment, the significance level of the test is specified to be 0.05.

[0068] The torque of the selected high-strength bolts is tested by the above-mentioned normality test method. When the test result accepts the normality hypothesis, it is proved that the torque of the high-strength bolts selected at this time can reflect the overall level of the torque of the high-strength bolts in the current target to be tested. The torque data of the selected high-strength bolts can be retained for subsequent use.

[0069] If the test result is to refuse to accept the normal hypothesis, multiple high-strength bolts (at least two, which can be an even number or an odd number) are selected from the target to be tested again and the torque of these high-strength bolts is obtained. The high-strength bolts selected again do not overlap with the high-strength bolts already selected. The high-strength bolts selected again are divided into a large data group and a small data group according to the torque size (if it is an even number of data, it can be evenly distributed, if it is an odd number of data, the large data group can have one more data than the small data group, or the small data group can have one more data than the large data group), and the high-strength bolts that fail the test are sorted according to the torque size, and the high-strength bolts in the large data group are used to replace at least one high-strength bolt on the side of the larger torque of the high-strength bolts that fail the test, and the high-strength bolts in the small data group are used to replace at least one high-strength bolt on the side of the smaller torque of the high-strength bolts that fail the test, and the selected high-strength bolts are replaced. Then the torque of the replaced high-strength bolts is tested for normality again to see whether the torque of the replaced high-strength bolts is qualified. If it is unqualified, continue to replace it in the above manner until the torque data of qualified high-strength bolts is finally obtained.

[0070] Assume that n high-strength bolts are randomly selected from the target to be tested, and the torques of the n high-strength bolts are F1, F2...Fn (and are arranged in order from the smallest to the smallest). A normality test is performed on the torques of the n high-strength bolts. If the torques of the n high-strength bolts refuse to accept the normal hypothesis, it is judged that the torques of the n high-strength bolts cannot represent the overall level of the torques of the high-strength bolts in the current target to be tested. Then, m high-strength bolts are randomly selected from the target to be tested, and the selected m high-strength bolts do not overlap with the above n high-strength bolts. The torques of the m high-strength bolts are f1, f2...fm (and are arranged in order from the smallest to the smallest). The m high-strength bolts are divided into are a large data group and a small data group. The torques of the m / 2 high-strength bolts in the large data group are fm / 2+1, fm / 2+2…fm, and the torques of the m / 2 high-strength bolts in the small data group are f1, f2…fm / 2. The large data group is used to replace the m / 2 torques on the larger side of the torque data of the n high-strength bolts selected previously, and the small data group is used to replace the m / 2 torques on the smaller side of the torque data of the n high-strength bolts selected previously. After the replacement, the torques of the n high-strength bolts are f1, f2…fm / 2, Fm / 2+1, Fm / 2+2…Fn-m / 2, fm / 2+1, fm / 2+2…fm.

[0071] In practical applications, the number of high-strength bolts selected first can be greater than the number of high-strength bolts selected later, that is, n>m; or the number of high-strength bolts selected first can be equal to the number of high-strength bolts selected later, that is, n=m. You can make the corresponding selection according to actual needs.

[0072] After completing the torque replacement of the selected high-strength bolts, perform a normality test on the torque of the replaced high-strength bolts. If the normal hypothesis is accepted, the group of high-strength bolt torque data is retained for subsequent use. Otherwise, continue to replace the group of bolt torques according to the above steps until a group of high-strength bolt torque data that accepts the normal hypothesis is obtained.

[0073] In other embodiments of the present application, this embodiment optimizes the above step S2. In the above step S2, the method for calculating the reference torque coefficient based on the torque of the high-strength bolts that have passed the inspection, the design pre-tension of the target to be measured, and the nominal diameter of the high-strength bolts is: calculate the average torque of the high-strength bolts that have passed the inspection, and calculate the reference torque coefficient according to the following formula:

[0074]

[0075] Where: K0——reference torque coefficient;

[0076] T0——Average torque of high-strength bolts that have passed the inspection;

[0077] P——design pre-tension of the target to be measured;

[0078] d——nominal diameter of high-strength bolt.

[0079] In the above step S2, the method for calculating the torque coefficient to be measured based on the torque of the high-strength bolt to be measured, the target design pre-tension to be measured, and the nominal diameter of the high-strength bolt is: the torque coefficient to be measured of the high-strength bolt to be measured is calculated according to the following formula:

[0080]

[0081] Where: K i ——Torque coefficient to be measured;

[0082] T i ——Torque of the high-strength bolt to be tested;

[0083] P——design pre-tension of the target to be measured;

[0084] d——nominal diameter of high-strength bolt.

[0085] In a further embodiment of the present application, this embodiment optimizes the above-mentioned step S3. Specifically, the method of comparing the reference torque coefficient, the torque coefficient to be measured and the set range is: comparing the ratio of the torque coefficient to be measured and the reference torque coefficient with the set range; the set range is a set range limited by a lower limit value and an upper limit value; if the ratio is between the lower limit value and the upper limit value, it is judged that the torque of the high-strength bolt to be measured is qualified, otherwise it is unqualified.

[0086] The lower limit value t1 of the present embodiment is 0.8-0.9, preferably 0.9; the upper limit value t2 of the present embodiment is 1.0-1.1, preferably 1.1.

[0087] That is, M = K i / K0, M is the ratio of the torque coefficient to be tested to the reference torque coefficient. If t1≤M≤t2, the torque of the high-strength bolt to be tested is qualified; otherwise, the torque of the high-strength bolt to be tested is unqualified, that is, M>t2 or M<t1.

[0088] Take the following specific situation as an example. The target to be measured is Figure 2 In the orthotropic steel bridge deck, 96 sets of high-strength bolts 5 are used to connect the first U rib 2 of the first orthotropic steel bridge deck 1 and the second U rib 4 of the second orthotropic steel bridge deck 3. The high-strength bolts are 10.9S grade M22 large hexagonal high-strength bolts with a designed pre-tension of 190kN and a nominal diameter of 22mm.

[0089] 16 high-strength bolts are randomly selected from 96 groups of high-strength bolts, the selected 16 high-strength bolts are numbered, and the torques of the 16 high-strength bolts are obtained. The specific situation is shown in Table 1.

[0090] Table 1: Torque of 16 randomly selected high-strength bolts

[0091]

[0092] The torque of the above 16 high-strength bolts was tested for normality using the Shapiro-Wilk test. The specific test steps can be carried out according to the method specified in "Normality Test for Statistical Processing and Interpretation of Data" (GB / T 4882-2001), and the test significance level is 0.05.

[0093] The torque of the above 16 high-strength bolts is tested for normality. When the 16 torque data accept the normal hypothesis, they are directly retained for subsequent use. When the torque data of the 16 high-strength bolts reject the normal hypothesis, the torque of 6 high-strength bolts in the orthotropic steel bridge deck is randomly obtained again (the 6 high-strength bolts selected again are not repeated with the last 16 high-strength bolts).

[0094] The torque of the 6 high-strength bolts randomly obtained again is used to replace the torque data of the 16 high-strength bolts randomly obtained last time. The torques of the 6 high-strength bolts selected again are arranged in order of size and divided into three groups of data with large values ​​and three groups of data with small values. Then, the three groups of data with large values ​​are used to replace the three largest torques of the 16 high-strength bolts selected previously, and the three groups of data with small values ​​are used to replace the three smallest torques of the 16 high-strength bolts selected previously. The torques of the replaced high-strength bolts are tested for normality again until the torques of the 16 high-strength bolts are tested for normality and receive a normal distribution.

[0095] Another method of replacement can also be used. When the torque data of the selected 16 high-strength bolts reject the normal hypothesis, the torque of the 16 high-strength bolts in the orthotropic steel bridge deck is randomly obtained again (the 16 high-strength bolts selected again are not repeated with the 16 high-strength bolts selected last time), and the torque of the 16 high-strength bolts obtained this time is used to replace the torque of the 16 high-strength bolts obtained last time, and the replaced torque is tested for normality again until the torque of the 16 high-strength bolts is tested for normality and accepts a normal distribution.

[0096] After obtaining the torque data of the 16 high-strength bolts that passed the inspection, the average torque of the torque of the 16 high-strength bolts that passed the inspection was calculated, and the average torque T0 was 552.4 kN·m according to the above Table 1. The design pretension P of the orthotropic steel bridge deck of this embodiment is 190 kN, the nominal diameter d of the high-strength bolt is 22 mm, and the base torque coefficient K0 calculated according to the above formula is 0.132.

[0097] Get the torque T of the high-strength bolt to be tested i is 581.1 kN·m. According to the above formula, calculate the torque coefficient K to be measured i It is 0.139.

[0098] The ratio M of the torque coefficient to be tested and the reference torque coefficient is 1.053, and 1.053 is between the set range of 0.9 and 1.1, that is, M is within the set range, which proves that the torque of the high-strength bolt to be tested is qualified.

[0099] The high-strength bolts selected in this application and the high-strength bolts to be tested have the same model and specifications and are in the same target to be tested, so as to ensure that the benchmark torque coefficient has detection and reference significance for the torque coefficient of the high-strength bolts to be tested.

[0100] In addition, the present application also provides a high-strength bolt torque detection system based on random sampling. The detection system of the present application performs detection according to the above-mentioned high-strength bolt torque detection method based on random sampling, and specifically includes an acquisition module, a test module, a first determination module, a second determination module and a judgment module; the acquisition module is used to randomly select multiple high-strength bolts from the target to be tested and obtain the torque of the selected high-strength bolts and the torque of the high-strength bolts to be tested; the test module is used to test the obtained high-strength bolt torque and replace the selected high-strength bolt when the test fails until the high-strength bolt torque that passes the test is obtained; the first determination module calculates the reference torque coefficient based on the high-strength bolt torque that passes the test, the designed pre-tension of the target to be tested and the nominal diameter of the high-strength bolt; the second determination module calculates the torque coefficient to be tested based on the torque data of the high-strength bolt to be tested, the designed pre-tension of the target to be tested and the nominal diameter of the high-strength bolt; the judgment module is used to compare the reference torque coefficient, the torque coefficient to be tested and the set range to determine whether the torque of the high-strength bolt to be tested is qualified.

[0101] Among them, the inspection module of the present application includes a normality inspection module and a replacement module. The normality inspection module is used to perform a normality inspection on the selected high-strength bolt torque and determine whether the selected high-strength bolt torque accepts the normality assumption; the replacement module is used to replace the selected high-strength bolt when the selected high-strength bolt torque does not meet the normality assumption.

[0102] The first determination module of the present application includes a mean calculation module and a reference torque coefficient calculation module. The mean calculation module is used to calculate the average torque of the high-strength bolts that have passed the inspection; the reference torque coefficient calculation module is used to calculate the reference torque coefficient according to the ratio of the average torque to the product of the design pre-tension of the target to be tested and the nominal diameter of the high-strength bolt.

[0103] The second determination module of the present application includes a coefficient calculation module to be measured, and the torque coefficient calculation module to be measured is used to calculate the torque coefficient to be measured according to the ratio of the torque of the high-strength bolt to be measured to the product of the target design pre-tension to be measured and the nominal diameter of the high-strength bolt.

[0104] The judgment module of the present application includes a ratio calculation module and a comparison module. The ratio calculation module is used to calculate the ratio of the torque coefficient to be tested and the reference torque coefficient; the comparison module is used to compare the ratio with a set range. If the ratio is within the set range, the torque of the high-strength bolt to be tested is judged to be qualified; otherwise, the torque of the high-strength bolt to be tested is judged to be unqualified.

[0105] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are only for explaining the principles of the present invention. The present invention may be subject to various changes and improvements without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. These changes and improvements fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A high-strength bolt torque detection method based on random sampling, characterized in that: Follow these steps: S1. randomly selecting a plurality of high-strength bolts from the target to be tested and obtaining the torque of the selected high-strength bolts, obtaining the torque of the high-strength bolts to be tested from the same target to be tested, inspecting the torque data of the selected high-strength bolts, and replacing the selected high-strength bolts when the inspection fails, until obtaining high-strength bolts that pass the inspection; S2. Calculate the reference torque coefficient and the torque coefficient to be measured based on the torque of the high-strength bolts that have passed the inspection, the torque of the high-strength bolts to be measured, the design pre-tension of the target to be measured, and the nominal diameter of the high-strength bolts; S3, comparing the reference torque coefficient, the torque coefficient to be tested and the set range, and judging whether the torque of the high-strength bolt to be tested is qualified according to the comparison result; In step S1, the method for testing the torque data of the selected high-strength bolts includes: performing a normality test on the torque data of the selected high-strength bolts, and if the test significance level meets the set test significance level, the selected high-strength bolts are qualified; If the inspection significance level does not meet the set inspection significance level, the selected high-strength bolts are unqualified.

2. A high-strength bolt torque detection method based on random sampling as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S1, the method for replacing the selected high-strength bolts when the inspection fails includes: randomly selecting multiple high-strength bolts from the target to be tested again and obtaining the torque of the re-selected high-strength bolts, the re-selected high-strength bolts do not overlap with the selected high-strength bolts, the re-selected high-strength bolts are divided into a large data group and a small data group according to the torque size, the high-strength bolts that fail the inspection are sorted according to the torque size, and the high-strength bolts in the large data group are used to replace at least one high-strength bolt on the larger torque side of the high-strength bolts that fail the inspection in sequence, and the high-strength bolts in the small data group are used to replace at least one high-strength bolt on the smaller torque side of the high-strength bolts that fail the inspection in sequence, so as to complete the replacement of the selected high-strength bolts.

3. A high-strength bolt torque detection method based on random sampling as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the method for calculating the reference torque coefficient based on the torque of the high-strength bolts that have passed the inspection, the design pre-tension of the target to be measured, and the nominal diameter of the high-strength bolts includes: calculating the average torque of the high-strength bolts that have passed the inspection, and calculating the reference torque coefficient according to the following formula: Where: K0——reference torque coefficient; T0——Average torque of high-strength bolts that have passed the inspection; P——design pre-tension of the target to be tested; d——nominal diameter of high-strength bolt.

4. A high-strength bolt torque detection method based on random sampling as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the method for calculating the torque coefficient to be measured based on the torque of the high-strength bolt to be measured, the target design pre-tension to be measured, and the nominal diameter of the high-strength bolt includes: calculating the torque coefficient to be measured of the high-strength bolt to be measured according to the following formula: Where: K i ——Torque coefficient to be measured; T i ——Torque of the high-strength bolt to be tested; P——design pre-tension of the target to be tested; d——nominal diameter of high-strength bolt.

5. The high-strength bolt torque detection method based on random sampling according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S3, the method of comparing the reference torque coefficient, the torque coefficient to be measured and the set range includes: comparing the ratio of the torque coefficient to be measured to the reference torque coefficient with the set range; the set range is a set range limited by a lower limit value and an upper limit value; if the ratio is between the lower limit value and the upper limit value, it is judged that the torque of the high-strength bolt to be measured is qualified, otherwise it is unqualified.

6. A high-strength bolt torque detection system based on random sampling, characterized in that: The detection system performs detection according to a high-strength bolt torque detection method based on random sampling as described in any one of claims 1 to 5, include, An acquisition module, the acquisition module is used to randomly select a plurality of high-strength bolts from the target to be tested and obtain the torque of the selected high-strength bolts and the torque of the high-strength bolts to be tested; An inspection module, the inspection module is used to inspect the obtained high-strength bolt torque and replace the selected high-strength bolt if the inspection fails until a high-strength bolt torque that passes the inspection is obtained; A first determination module, wherein the first determination module calculates a reference torque coefficient according to the torque of the high-strength bolt that has passed the inspection, the design pre-tension of the target to be measured, and the nominal diameter of the high-strength bolt; A second determination module, wherein the second determination module calculates the torque coefficient to be measured according to the torque data of the high-strength bolt to be measured, the design pre-tension of the target to be measured, and the nominal diameter of the high-strength bolt; A judgment module, which is used to compare the reference torque coefficient, the torque coefficient to be tested and the set range to judge whether the torque of the high-strength bolt to be tested is qualified; The inspection module comprises: A normality test module, wherein the normality test module is used to perform a normality test on the selected high-strength bolt torque and determine whether the selected high-strength bolt torque accepts the normality hypothesis; A replacement module is used to replace the selected high-strength bolt when the torque of the selected high-strength bolt does not meet the normal assumption.

7. A high-strength bolt torque detection system based on random sampling as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: The first determination module includes: A mean value calculation module, the mean value calculation module is used to calculate the average torque of the high-strength bolts that have passed the inspection; A reference torque coefficient calculation module is used to calculate the reference torque coefficient in the form of a ratio of the average torque to the product of the design pre-tension of the target to be measured and the nominal diameter of the high-strength bolt.

8. A high-strength bolt torque detection system based on random sampling as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: The judging module comprises: A ratio calculation module, the ratio calculation module is used to calculate the ratio of the torque coefficient to be measured and the reference torque coefficient; A comparison module is used to compare the ratio with a set range. If the ratio is within the set range, it is judged that the torque of the high-strength bolt to be tested is qualified; otherwise, it is judged that the torque of the high-strength bolt to be tested is unqualified.

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