A bench test method for measuring temperature rise of new energy vehicle motors

Abstract

The present invention relates to a new energy vehicle motor temperature rise measurement bench test method, including test environment setting, measurement equipment accuracy requirements, bench equipment requirements, cooling requirements, bench control system setting, test measurement parameter selection, winding temperature rise measurement, continuous / peak motor temperature rise test and evaluation. The present invention provides technical contents such as test environment status, power supply index, measurement equipment accuracy, test equipment loading method, working condition selection and test steps, and measures the temperature rise of the motor winding under different working conditions to obtain the winding temperature rise curve, and form a winding temperature rise database for this model product; due to the use of bench measurement, the convenience is greatly improved, the resource demand is reduced, the test cycle is shortened, and the test efficiency is improved. The test method can be used for motor temperature rise performance test during the development of the Pentium E541 model motor, and is used to guide the entire test cycle, successfully complete the test content, and output the temperature rise curve.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of new energy vehicles, and in particular relates to a temperature rise measurement bench test method for a new energy vehicle motor. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid and widespread popularization of new energy vehicles, motor-related research and development and design have attracted much attention. Among motor performance, temperature rise performance is a very important indicator. The temperature rise test focuses on the temperature of the motor stator winding. Compared with other parts of the motor, the winding is more sensitive to temperature and is easily affected by high temperature, causing the insulation layer to lose its protective function, resulting in partial discharge, short circuit and other faults, leading to motor failure and shortening the service life. Therefore, it is necessary to test the temperature rise state of the motor winding under different working conditions.

[0003] At present, the existing standards related to motor winding temperature rise tests only involve some principle-level temperature measurement calculation methods and evaluation standards. There is not much description on the working conditions for measuring temperature rise, the specific test methods and steps, etc., which cannot support specific test work. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a new energy vehicle motor temperature rise measurement bench test method to solve the problem of measuring the temperature rise of the motor winding under different working conditions, obtaining the winding temperature rise curve, and forming a product winding temperature rise database.

[0005] The objective of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0006] A new energy vehicle motor temperature rise measurement bench test method comprises the following steps:

[0007] A. Test environment settings: set the temperature, relative humidity and air pressure as required;

[0008] B. Winding temperature rise measurement:

[0009] Arrange a temperature sensor on the drive motor winding to measure the motor winding temperature, read the temperature value from the motor controller, connect the bench data acquisition system to the motor controller, and set the winding temperature value on the bench;

[0010] C. Continuous temperature rise test:

[0011] C1. Set the temperature at the coolant inlet of the drive motor system to 65°C, the coolant flow rate to a specific value, and the starting temperature of the motor winding to 65°C;

[0012] C2. The test voltage is the highest voltage, the lowest voltage and the voltage of the continuous torque-speed characteristic point specified in the assembly technical requirements, and the temperature rise values ​​are measured respectively;

[0013] C3. The test speed is carried out by taking points on the continuous torque-speed characteristic curve specified in the technical requirements of the assembly, and at least 10 points are taken within the full speed range;

[0014] C4. Enter the initial working condition, make the initial temperature of the motor winding reach 65℃, and then start data recording. The recording frequency should be no less than the specific frequency;

[0015] C5. Cut off the energy of the test bench to cool down the winding temperature to about 65°C. After recording a complete temperature change cycle, stop recording and save the data. Then, draw a temperature rise curve with time as the horizontal axis and temperature as the vertical axis, and indicate the corresponding working conditions on the chart.

[0016] D. Peak motor temperature rise test:

[0017] D1. Set the temperature at the coolant inlet of the drive motor system to 65°C, the coolant flow rate to a specific value, and the starting temperature of the motor winding to 65°C;

[0018] D2. The test voltage is the highest voltage, the lowest voltage and the peak torque-speed characteristic point voltage specified in the assembly technical requirements, and the temperature rise values ​​are measured respectively;

[0019] D3. The test speed is based on the peak torque-speed characteristic curve specified in the assembly technical requirements, and at least 10 points are taken within the full speed range;

[0020] D4. Under rated working voltage, apply 50% of the maximum speed, make the motor winding reach 65℃, and then conduct peak temperature rise test at each speed; enter the peak working condition and start recording temperature change data; shut down after running for 30s, and keep data recording until the temperature drops;

[0021] D5. After each working condition test is completed, return to the rated working voltage and 50% maximum speed, restore the winding temperature to 65°C, and then start the next working condition test;

[0022] D6. After all the working conditions are recorded, the original data of the peak temperature rise of the winding is obtained; then, the temperature rise curve is drawn with time as the horizontal axis and temperature as the vertical axis, and the corresponding working conditions are noted on the chart;

[0023] E. Evaluation

[0024] E1. Maximum allowable operating temperature evaluation: Depending on the insulation level of the drive motor, the maximum operating temperature limit of the motor winding takes different values;

[0025] E2. Evaluation standard for winding temperature: The maximum winding temperature should be less than the upper temperature limit corresponding to its insulation grade;

[0026] E3. Evaluation of derating temperature setting standards: During motor operation, if the temperature exceeds a certain limit, the motor power will be reduced according to the temperature limit, thereby reducing the motor temperature and protecting the motor.

[0027] Further, in step A, the temperature is set to 18-28° C., the relative humidity is set to 5-75%, and the air pressure is set to 86-106 Kpa.

[0028] Furthermore, in step C1 and step D1, the coolant flow rate is set to 8 L / min.

[0029] Further, in step C3, the 10 points include the inflection point speed, the rated speed, and the maximum operating speed, and the other points are recommended to increase in steps of 10% of the maximum speed. In step D3, the 10 points include the peak inflection point speed, the rated speed, and the maximum operating speed, and the other points are recommended to increase in steps of 10% of the maximum speed.

[0030] Furthermore, in step C4 and step D4, the recording frequency should be no less than 1 Hz.

[0031] Furthermore, in step C4, each operating condition needs to continue to operate until the motor winding temperature reaches a thermally stable state, that is, the temperature curve is flat, and needs to be maintained in the thermally stable state for at least 30 minutes. At this time, data recording needs to be continued.

[0032] Furthermore, in step C5, after each working condition is recorded, the next working condition is executed until all working conditions are recorded, and the original data of the continuous temperature rise of the winding is obtained; then, the temperature rise curve is sorted according to the working condition.

[0033] Furthermore, the test process requires real-time monitoring of the motor temperature, inverter temperature, reducer oil temperature, left and right output shaft speed difference, and left and right output shaft torque difference.

[0034] Furthermore, during the test, the following data should be measured or calculated at the relevant test points:

[0035] a. Motor speed, motor torque, system power;

[0036] b. The half-axle output torque, speed and mechanical power of the drive motor system;

[0037] c. Motor winding temperature and controller temperature;

[0038] d. Reducer oil temperature;

[0039] e. Flow rate and temperature of coolant inlet and outlet;

[0040] f. Other specially defined measurement parameters.

[0041] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0042] The new energy vehicle motor temperature rise measurement bench test method of the present invention provides technical contents such as test environment status, power supply index, measurement equipment accuracy, test equipment loading method, working condition selection and test steps. By measuring the temperature rise of the motor winding under different working conditions, the winding temperature rise curve is obtained, and a winding temperature rise database for this model of product is formed; due to the use of bench measurement, convenience is greatly improved, resource requirements are reduced, the test cycle is shortened, and test efficiency is improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0043] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for use in the embodiments are briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show certain embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For ordinary technicians in this field, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0044] Figure 1 Flow chart of the new energy vehicle motor temperature rise measurement bench test method of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiments:

[0046] like Figure 1 As shown, the new energy vehicle motor temperature rise measurement bench test method of the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0047] 1. Test environment setting: The test should be carried out under the specified test environment. The temperature should be controlled at 18℃~28℃, the relative humidity should be controlled at 5%~75%, and the air pressure should be controlled at 86Kpa~106Kpa.

[0048] 2. Winding temperature rise measurement:

[0049] A temperature sensor is arranged on the drive motor winding to measure the motor winding temperature, the temperature value is read from the motor controller, the test bench data acquisition system is connected to the motor controller, and the winding temperature value is called out on the test bench control interface.

[0050] 3. Continuous temperature rise test:

[0051] 31. Set the temperature at the coolant inlet of the drive motor system to 65°C, the coolant flow rate to 8L / min, and the starting temperature of the motor winding to 65°C.

[0052] 32. The test voltage shall be the highest voltage, the lowest voltage and the voltage of the continuous torque-speed characteristic point specified in the assembly technical requirements, and the temperature rise values ​​shall be measured respectively.

[0053] 33. The test speed is carried out by taking points on the continuous torque-speed characteristic curve specified in the technical requirements of the assembly. At least 10 points are taken within the full speed range, including the turning point speed, rated speed, and maximum operating speed. It is recommended that other points be increased in steps of 10% of the maximum speed.

[0054] 34. Enter the initial operating condition, make the initial temperature of the motor winding reach 65℃, and then start data recording. The recording frequency should be no less than 1Hz.

[0055] Each operating condition needs to be continuously operated until the motor winding temperature reaches a thermally stable state (temperature curve is flat), and it needs to be maintained in the thermally stable state for at least 30 minutes. At this time, data recording needs to be continued.

[0056] 35. Cut off the energy of the test bench to cool down the winding temperature to about 65°C. After recording a complete temperature change cycle, stop recording and save the data.

[0057] After each working condition is recorded, the next working condition is executed until all working conditions are recorded, and the original data of the continuous temperature rise of the winding is obtained. Then, the temperature rise curve is sorted according to the working condition.

[0058] 4. Peak motor temperature rise test:

[0059] 41. Set the temperature at the coolant inlet of the drive motor system to 65°C, the coolant flow rate to 8L / min, and the starting temperature of the motor winding to 65°C.

[0060] 42. The test voltage shall be the highest voltage, the lowest voltage and the peak torque-speed characteristic point voltage specified in the assembly technical requirements, and the temperature rise values ​​shall be measured respectively.

[0061] 43. The test speed shall be tested at points on the peak torque-speed characteristic curve specified in the technical requirements of the assembly. At least 10 points shall be taken within the full speed range, including the peak inflection point speed, rated speed, and maximum operating speed. It is recommended that other points be increased in steps of 10% of the maximum speed.

[0062] 44. Under rated working voltage, apply 50% of the maximum speed, make the motor winding reach 65℃, and then conduct peak temperature rise test at each speed. Enter the peak working condition and start recording temperature change data. The recording frequency should be not less than 1Hz. After running for 30s, the machine will be shut down and the data recording should be maintained until the temperature drops.

[0063] 45. After each working condition test is completed, return to the rated working voltage and 50% maximum speed, restore the winding temperature to 65°C, and then start the next working condition test.

[0064] 46. ​​After all the working conditions are recorded, the original data of the peak temperature rise of the winding is obtained. Then, the temperature rise curve is drawn with time as the horizontal axis and temperature as the vertical axis, and the corresponding working conditions are noted on the chart.

[0065] 5. Evaluation

[0066] 51. Evaluation of maximum allowable operating temperature:

[0067] Depending on the insulation level of the drive motor, the maximum operating temperature limit of the motor winding takes different values.

[0068] 52. Winding temperature evaluation standard evaluation:

[0069] The maximum winding temperature should be less than the upper temperature limit corresponding to its insulation grade.

[0070] 43. Evaluation of derating temperature standards:

[0071] During the operation of the motor, if the temperature exceeds a certain limit, the software will reduce the motor power according to the temperature limit, thereby reducing the motor temperature and protecting the motor. In actual calibration work, a reasonable derating temperature should be formulated based on the temperature rise curve measured in this test. The derating temperature generally does not directly use the maximum allowable operating temperature.

[0072] Example 1

[0073] The new energy vehicle motor temperature rise measurement bench test method was applied to the motor temperature rise performance test during the development of the Pentium E541 model motor, guiding the entire test cycle, successfully completing the test content, and outputting the temperature rise curve. It can also be used for subsequent new energy vehicle motor temperature rise bench tests.

[0074] 1. Test preparation:

[0075] 11. Test environment settings:

[0076] Set the temperature to 18-28°C, the relative humidity to 5-75%, and the air pressure to 86Kpa-106Kpa.

[0077] The tests are carried out using electrical measuring instruments, thermometers, resistance meters, dimension measuring instruments, mass measuring instruments, speed testers, torque testers, power analyzers, pressure gauges and flow meters.

[0078] The accuracy requirements of each test instrument are as follows:

[0079] Electrical measuring instruments: ±0.5% FS

[0080] Thermometer: ±1℃

[0081] Resistance meter: ±0.2% FS

[0082] Dimension measuring instrument: ±1mm

[0083] Mass measuring instrument: ±0.2kg

[0084] Speed ​​tester: ±1r / min

[0085] Torque tester: ±0.05% FS

[0086] Power analyzer: ±(0.03%F.S+0.05%rgd)

[0087] Pressure gauge: ±0.15% FS

[0088] Flow meter: ±2% rgd

[0089] 12. Requirements for bench equipment:

[0090] Dynamometer requirements: A single-motor dynamometer must have a rated power and speed that match the motor being tested. The dynamometer must be equipped with a speed sensor and a torque sensor.

[0091] Power analyzer requirements: Use a power analyzer to measure the voltage, current and power of the motor.

[0092] Power supply requirements: The battery simulator is used as a test power supply to meet the power requirements of the motor under test and can operate at the corresponding working voltage. There are specific requirements for the voltage error of the test power supply.

[0093] 13. Cooling requirement setting: The cooling system of the test bench should simulate the state of the whole vehicle

[0094] The cooling conditions of the motor should simulate its actual use conditions in the vehicle, and the type, flow rate and temperature of the test cooling medium should be recorded in the test report.

[0095] 14. Bench control system settings:

[0096] Dynamometer limit: Set the dynamometer related limit according to the test bench safety requirements and product technical parameters, turn on the dynamometer and set it to speed control mode.

[0097] Control mode: Power on according to the system power-on sequence, set the test drive motor system to torque control mode, set the speed and torque commands, and complete the loading of the test drive motor system.

[0098] Real-time monitoring of variables: During the test, the motor temperature, inverter temperature, reducer oil temperature, left and right output shaft speed difference, and left and right output shaft torque difference need to be monitored in real time to avoid damage to the test drive motor system caused by excessive temperature.

[0099] 15. Test measurement parameter selection:

[0100] During the test, the following data should be measured or calculated at the relevant test points:

[0101] a. Motor speed, motor torque, system power;

[0102] b. The half-axle output torque, speed and mechanical power of the drive motor system;

[0103] c. Motor winding temperature and controller temperature;

[0104] d. Reducer oil temperature;

[0105] e. Flow rate and temperature of coolant inlet and outlet;

[0106] f. Other specially defined measurement parameters.

[0107] 2. Winding temperature rise measurement: Use the motor's built-in winding temperature sensor to measure the temperature value, connect the motor controller through the bench control system, and read the temperature rise data from it.

[0108] A temperature sensor is arranged on the drive motor winding to measure the motor winding temperature, the temperature value is read from the motor controller, the test bench data acquisition system is connected to the motor controller, and the winding temperature value is called out on the test bench control interface.

[0109] 3. Continuous temperature rise test:

[0110] 31. Coolant temperature and initial winding problem: Set the coolant inlet temperature of the drive motor system to 65°C, the coolant flow rate to 8L / min, and the motor winding initial temperature to 65°C.

[0111] 32. Test voltage selection: The test voltage shall be the highest voltage, the lowest voltage and the voltage of the continuous torque-speed characteristic point specified in the assembly technical requirements, and the temperature rise values ​​shall be measured respectively.

[0112] 33. Test speed selection: The test speed is carried out by taking points on the continuous torque-speed characteristic curve specified in the technical requirements of the assembly. At least 10 points are taken within the full speed range, including the turning point speed, rated speed, and maximum operating speed. It is recommended that other points be increased in steps of 10% of the maximum speed.

[0113] 34. Enter the initial operating condition, make the initial temperature of the motor winding reach 65℃, and then start data recording. The recording frequency should be no less than 1Hz.

[0114] Each operating condition needs to be continuously operated until the motor winding temperature reaches a thermally stable state (temperature curve is flat), and it needs to be maintained in the thermally stable state for at least 30 minutes. At this time, data recording needs to be continued.

[0115] 35. Cut off the energy of the test bench to cool down the winding temperature to about 65°C. After recording a complete temperature change cycle, stop recording and save the data.

[0116] After each working condition is recorded, the next working condition is executed until all working conditions are recorded and the original data of winding temperature rise is obtained. Then, with time as the horizontal axis and temperature as the vertical axis, a temperature rise curve is drawn according to the working condition, and the corresponding working condition is noted on the chart.

[0117] 4. Peak motor temperature rise test:

[0118] 31. Set the temperature at the coolant inlet of the drive motor system to 65°C, the coolant flow rate to 8L / min, and the starting temperature of the motor winding to 65°C.

[0119] 42. The test voltage shall be the highest voltage, the lowest voltage and the voltage of the continuous torque-speed characteristic point specified in the assembly technical requirements, and the temperature rise values ​​shall be measured respectively.

[0120] 43. The test speed shall be tested at points on the peak torque-speed characteristic curve specified in the technical requirements of the assembly. At least 10 points shall be taken within the full speed range, including the peak inflection point speed, rated speed, and maximum operating speed. It is recommended that other points be increased in steps of 10% of the maximum speed.

[0121] 44. Enter the peak working condition and start recording temperature change data. The recording frequency should be no less than 1Hz. After running for 30s, the machine will be shut down and the data recording should be maintained until the temperature drops.

[0122] 45. After each working condition test is completed, return to the rated working voltage and 50% maximum speed, restore the winding temperature to 65°C, and then start the next working condition test.

[0123] 46. ​​After all the working conditions are recorded, the original data of the peak temperature rise of the winding is obtained. Then, the temperature rise curve is drawn with time as the horizontal axis and temperature as the vertical axis, and the corresponding working conditions are noted on the chart.

[0124] 5. Evaluation: According to the insulation grade of the motor, the temperature cannot exceed the upper temperature limit of the corresponding grade.

[0125] 51. Evaluation of maximum allowable operating temperature:

[0126] Depending on the insulation level of the drive motor, the maximum operating temperature limit of the motor winding takes different values, refer to the "GB755-2008 Rotating Motor Ratings and Performance" standard as shown in Table 1:

[0127] Table 1

[0128] Serial number Insulation class Maximum allowable operating temperature (℃) 1 A 105 2 E 120 3 B 130 4 F 155 5 H 180 6 C 180 and above

[0129] 52. Winding temperature evaluation standard evaluation:

[0130] The maximum winding temperature should be less than the upper temperature limit corresponding to its insulation grade.

[0131] 53. Evaluation of derating temperature standards:

[0132] During the operation of the motor, if the temperature exceeds a certain limit, the software will reduce the motor power according to the temperature limit, thereby reducing the motor temperature and protecting the motor. In actual calibration work, a reasonable derating temperature should be formulated based on the temperature rise curve measured in this test. The derating temperature generally does not directly use the maximum allowable operating temperature.

[0133] Note that the above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and the technical principles used. Those skilled in the art will understand that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described herein, and that various obvious changes, readjustments and substitutions can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, although the present invention has been described in more detail through the above embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and may include more other equivalent embodiments without departing from the concept of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is determined by the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A new energy vehicle motor temperature rise measurement bench test method, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: A. Test environment settings: set the temperature, relative humidity and air pressure as required; B. Winding temperature rise measurement: Arrange a temperature sensor on the drive motor winding to measure the motor winding temperature, read the temperature value from the motor controller, connect the bench data acquisition system to the motor controller, and set the winding temperature value on the bench; C. Continuous temperature rise test: C1. Set the temperature at the coolant inlet of the drive motor system to 65°C, the coolant flow rate to a specific value, and the starting temperature of the motor winding to 65°C; C2. The test voltage is the highest voltage, the lowest voltage and the voltage of the continuous torque-speed characteristic point specified in the assembly technical requirements, and the temperature rise values ​​are measured respectively; C3. The test speed is carried out by taking points on the continuous torque-speed characteristic curve specified in the technical requirements of the assembly, and at least 10 points are taken within the full speed range; C4. Enter the initial working condition, make the initial temperature of the motor winding reach 65℃, and then start data recording. The recording frequency should be no less than the specific frequency; C5. Cut off the energy of the test bench to cool down the winding temperature to about 65°C. After recording a complete temperature change cycle, stop recording and save the data. Then, draw a temperature rise curve with time as the horizontal axis and temperature as the vertical axis, and indicate the corresponding working conditions on the chart. D. Peak motor temperature rise test: D1. Set the temperature at the coolant inlet of the drive motor system to 65°C, the coolant flow rate to a specific value, and the starting temperature of the motor winding to 65°C; D2. The test voltage is the highest voltage, the lowest voltage and the peak torque-speed characteristic point voltage specified in the assembly technical requirements, and the temperature rise values ​​are measured respectively; D3. The test speed is based on the peak torque-speed characteristic curve specified in the assembly technical requirements, and at least 10 points are taken within the full speed range; D4. Under rated working voltage, apply 50% of the maximum speed, make the motor winding reach 65℃, and then conduct peak temperature rise test at various speeds; Enter the peak working condition and start recording the temperature change data; after running for 30 seconds, the machine will be shut down and the data recording needs to be maintained until the temperature drops; D5. After each working condition test is completed, return to the rated working voltage and 50% maximum speed, restore the winding temperature to 65°C, and then start the next working condition test; D6. After all the working conditions are recorded, the original data of the peak temperature rise of the winding is obtained; then, the temperature rise curve is drawn with time as the horizontal axis and temperature as the vertical axis, and the corresponding working conditions are noted on the chart; E. Evaluation E1. Maximum allowable operating temperature evaluation: Depending on the insulation level of the drive motor, the maximum operating temperature limit of the motor winding takes different values; E2. Evaluation standard for winding temperature: The maximum winding temperature should be less than the upper temperature limit corresponding to its insulation grade; E3. Evaluation of derating temperature setting standards: During motor operation, if the temperature exceeds a certain limit, the motor power will be reduced according to the temperature limit, thereby reducing the motor temperature and protecting the motor.

2. A new energy vehicle motor temperature rise measurement bench test method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step A, set the temperature to 18~28℃, the relative humidity to 5~75%, and the air pressure to 86~106Kpa.

3. A new energy vehicle motor temperature rise measurement bench test method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step C1 and step D1, the coolant flow rate is set to 8 L / min.

4. A new energy vehicle motor temperature rise measurement bench test method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step C3, the 10 points include the inflection point speed, rated speed, and maximum operating speed. It is recommended that the other points increase in steps of 10% of the maximum speed. In step D3, the 10 points include the peak inflection point speed, rated speed, and maximum operating speed. It is recommended that the other points increase in steps of 10% of the maximum speed.

5. A new energy vehicle motor temperature rise measurement bench test method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step C4 and step D4, the recording frequency should be no less than 1 Hz.

6. A new energy vehicle motor temperature rise measurement bench test method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step C4: Each working condition needs to be continuously operated until the motor winding temperature reaches a thermally stable state, that is, the temperature curve is flat, and needs to be maintained in the thermally stable state for at least 30 minutes. At this time, data recording needs to be continued.

7. A new energy vehicle motor temperature rise measurement bench test method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step C5, after each working condition is recorded, the next working condition is executed until all working conditions are recorded, and the original data of the continuous temperature rise of the winding is obtained; then, the temperature rise curve is sorted according to the working condition.

8. A new energy vehicle motor temperature rise measurement bench test method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The test process requires real-time monitoring of the motor temperature, inverter temperature, reducer oil temperature, left and right output shaft speed difference, and left and right output shaft torque difference.

9. A new energy vehicle motor temperature rise measurement bench test method according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the test, the following data should be measured or calculated at the relevant test points: a. Motor speed, motor torque, system power; b. The half-axle output torque, speed and mechanical power of the drive motor system; c. Motor winding temperature and controller temperature; d. Reducer oil temperature; e. Flow rate and temperature of coolant inlet and outlet.

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