A simple and efficient fertilization method for alleviating the obstacle of continuous cropping of pineapples

Abstract

The invention relates to a light, simple and efficient fertilization method for alleviating the obstacle of continuous cropping of pineapples. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, before planting pineapples, a specially formulated liquid bio-organic fertilizer is directly sprayed on the surface of the returned pineapple straws, and specific microorganisms are used to accelerate the decomposition of pineapple fibers, so as to increase soil organic matter and beneficial microorganisms; secondly, liquid bio-organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer are applied by drip irrigation during the vegetative growth period, the flowering period and the fruit development period, so as to further increase the active amino acids, beneficial microorganisms and soil fertility in the root zone soil, promote the improvement of pineapple yield and quality, and increase the benefits; the applied liquid bio-organic fertilizer is firstly The soybean meal is steamed, Aspergillus oryzae powder is added in a ratio of 1000:1 for mixed fermentation, and then 10% soybean meal, 15% molasses, 0.1% composite functional bacterial agent and water are mixed, and after 1-3 months of aerobic fermentation, the liquid part is taken to prepare; the method adopts a light and simplified comprehensive application method of special liquid bio-organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer, makes full use of pineapple straw to replace traditional solid organic fertilizer, and further targets and optimizes the root zone soil environment, which can effectively alleviate soil continuous cropping obstacles, improve pineapple yield, quality and economic benefits, and reduce manpower and resource consumption.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of soil improvement and fertilization, and in particular relates to a light, simple and efficient fertilization method for alleviating the obstacle of continuous cropping of pineapples. Background Art

[0002] Due to the traditional continuous cropping cultivation mode of pineapples and improper fertilization management, the soil nutrients are unbalanced and the quality continues to deteriorate. At the same time, accompanied by the imbalance of soil microbial community structure and the decline of diversity and activity, pests and diseases have intensified, and the yield and quality of pineapples have dropped significantly. Continuous cropping obstacles have become an important challenge restricting the sustainable development of my country's pineapple industry. In the past, many studies have proposed that the use of bananas, sugarcane, vegetables, sweet corn and ginger and other crops in rotation with pineapples can play a certain role in mitigation. At present, some studies have also proposed to alleviate the problem of pineapple continuous cropping obstacles by applying traditional solid biological organic fertilizers as a base, which can also achieve certain results. However, the base application of solid biological organic fertilizers also has the disadvantages of difficulty in mechanized fertilization, high labor intensity of manual fertilization, high cost, slow decomposition and low active ingredients. Summary of the invention

[0003] The invention aims to provide a simplified and efficient fertilization method for pineapples, so as to alleviate the problem of continuous cropping obstacles of pineapples, increase the yield and quality of pineapples, improve soil quality, and reduce the labor intensity and cost of fertilization.

[0004] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0005] A light, simple and efficient fertilization method for alleviating the obstacle of continuous cropping of pineapples, characterized in that it comprises chemical fertilizer and liquid bio-organic fertilizer, wherein the application amount of liquid bio-organic fertilizer is 400kg / mu, the application amount of chemical fertilizer N is 17.5kg / mu, P is 17.5kg / mu, and the application amount of liquid bio-organic fertilizer is 400kg / mu. 2 O 5 12.4kg / mu, K 2 O 22.8kg / mu, the specific simple and efficient fertilization method includes the following steps:

[0006] The first step is to crush the pineapple straws with a crusher and evenly spread them on the field one month before planting, and then spray the surface of the straw with liquid bio-organic fertilizer that has been specially formulated and treated. The amount used is 100 kg / mu and the liquid bio-organic fertilizer is diluted 5 times with water during spraying. The liquid bio-organic fertilizer is prepared by the following steps: first, the soybean meal is steamed, and Aspergillus oryzae is added at a ratio of 1000:1. Aspergillusoryzae The powder is mixed and fermented, and then mixed with 10% soybean meal, 15% molasses, 0.1% compound functional bacteria and water, and after 1-3 months of aerobic fermentation, the liquid part is taken to make;

[0007] The second step is to apply 40 kg of compound fertilizer with a ratio of 15-15-15 per acre in the furrow during planting to ensure a balanced supply of nutrients in the initial stage;

[0008] The third step is to apply the liquid bio-organic fertilizer prepared in step S1 four times by drip irrigation during the vigorous growth period of the pineapple, i.e., 6-12 months after planting, at a rate of 50 kg / mu each time, and to apply 4.0 kg of urea, 1.5 kg of industrial-grade monoammonium phosphate, and 4.0 kg of potassium chloride per mu each time to support the rapid growth and root development of the plant;

[0009] Step 4: In the flowering period, i.e., the 12th month after planting, the liquid bio-organic fertilizer described in step S1 is applied once by drip irrigation, with an amount of 50 kg / mu, and 1.5 kg of industrial-grade monoammonium phosphate and 4 kg of potassium chloride are applied per mu each time to promote flower bud differentiation;

[0010] The fifth step is to apply the liquid bio-organic fertilizer described in step S1 twice by drip irrigation during the small to medium fruit stage, i.e. 13-15 months after planting, at a dosage of 25 kg / mu each time, and 3.0 kg of urea, 1.0 kg of industrial-grade monoammonium phosphate and 4.0 kg of potassium chloride are applied per mu each time to promote fruit development and improve quality.

[0011] Furthermore, the composite functional bacterial agent in the first step is composed of Bacillus subtilis Bacillus subtilis , Bacillus megaterium Bacillus magaterium and Trichoderma harzianum Trichoderma harzianum Mix in a 1:1:1 ratio.

[0012] Furthermore, the liquid bio-organic fertilizer described in the first step has a validity period of 6 months, and overdue use will lead to reduced fertilizer efficiency.

[0013] Furthermore, in the drip irrigation fertigation method described in the first to fifth steps, the drip irrigation tape is arranged in two rows per ridge. During drip irrigation fertigation, the conductivity of the fertilizer solution needs to be controlled between 2.0 and 3.0 ms / cm through real-time monitoring, and the duration of each fertilization is controlled to be 15 to 30 minutes to ensure uniform distribution and adequate absorption of nutrients.

[0014] The present invention has the following advantages: first, it is easy and efficient to utilize field waste, and by directly spraying a special formula of liquid bio-organic fertilizer on the surface of pineapple straw, specific microorganisms are used to quickly decompose pineapple fiber, replace traditional solid bio-organic fertilizer, realize the effective return of pineapple straw to the field, and reduce the labor and cost required for fertilization; secondly, the root zone soil environment is targeted and optimized, and liquid bio-organic fertilizer is applied by drip irrigation during the vegetative growth period, the flowering period and the fruit development period, so as to further increase the active amino acids and beneficial microorganisms in the root zone soil, promote the yield and quality of pineapples, and increase the benefits; finally, the implementation of the present invention has the advantages of light simplification, wherein the raw materials of the liquid bio-organic fertilizer involved are obtained through various channels, the preparation method is simple, it can be prepared in the field, it does not need to be produced by a factory, the preparation cost is low, there is no transportation cost, and the functional flora is targeted; at the same time, bio-organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer can be applied by drip irrigation at the same time, reducing the labor intensity of fertilization. Therefore, the present invention adopts a light and simplified way, and further optimizes the local part on the basis of the whole field improvement, effectively alleviates the soil continuous cropping obstacles, improves the yield and quality of pineapples, and can also effectively reduce the cost and labor intensity of fertilization. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0015] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects to be solved by the present invention clearer, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. In order to illustrate that the present invention method is superior to the traditional method, the applicant has conducted a comparative experiment. Example

[0016] The experiment was conducted from June 2021 to April 2023 at the research and experimental base of the South Asian Tropical Crops Research Institute in Mazhang District, Zhanjiang City, Guangdong Province, and the test variety was "Golden Pineapple (MD-2)". The base is an old pineapple orchard that has been continuously planted for many years. The soil is brick red soil, with 0-20 cm soil layer total nitrogen 1.05 g / kg, total phosphorus 1.26 g / kg, total potassium 1.90 g / kg, available phosphorus 65.30 mg / kg, alkaline nitrogen 72.3 mg / kg, available potassium 194.7 mg / kg, and organic matter 11.9 g / kg. The soil nitrogen and phosphorus effectiveness is high, but the organic matter and nitrogen effectiveness are at a medium to low level. The soil is compacted and heavy, with a pH of 4.9.

[0017] The raw materials required for the preparation of the test fertilizers and liquid bio-organic fertilizers mainly include urea, industrial-grade monoammonium phosphate, potassium chloride, compound fertilizer (15-15-15), molasses, soybean meal, Aspergillus oryzae, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium and Trichoderma harzianum. The specific indicators are shown in Table 1.

[0018] Table 1 Specific indicators of raw materials for preparing fertilizers and liquid bio-organic fertilizers

[0019]

[0020] The preparation process of liquid bio-organic fertilizer is as follows: first, steam 10 kg of soybean meal for 1 hour, place it on gauze to cool, then mix it with Aspergillus oryzae in a ratio of 1000:1, and ferment it naturally for 1-2 days until the surface of the soybean meal turns yellow-green; pour the 100 kg of soybean meal that has been successfully made into a 100L plastic fermentation barrel, and then add 15 kg of molasses, 75 kg of water and 0.1 kg of composite microbial agent (Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium and Trichoderma harzianum 1:1:1 compound) in sequence, and ferment it aerobically for 1-3 months, stirring it once every 3-5 days until there is basically no residue, and filter out the liquid part, which is the successfully prepared liquid bio-organic fertilizer. The raw material cost of producing 100 kg of liquid bio-organic fertilizer is 85 yuan.

[0021] The experiment set up three treatments, namely traditional fertilization 1: application of chemical fertilizer alone; traditional fertilization 2: base application of granular organic fertilizer, replacing 30% nitrogen fertilizer; light simplified and high-efficiency fertilization. The specific fertilization conditions are shown in Table 2.

[0022] Table 2 Fertilization conditions of each treatment in the comparative test

[0023]

[0024] Comparative test results

[0025] (1) Significantly improve soil nutrient effectiveness, organic matter content and activity

[0026] As can be seen from Table 3, compared with the two treatments of traditional fertilization 1 (single application of chemical fertilizer) and traditional fertilization 2 (basal application of granular organic fertilizer), the light, simple and efficient fertilization method of the present invention can significantly increase the total organic carbon, easily oxidizable organic carbon and water-soluble organic carbon contents in the soil of the continuous cropping pineapple garden, and has a significant effect on improving the soil organic carbon content and activity. At the same time, compared with traditional fertilization 1 (single application of chemical fertilizer), the soil nutrient effectiveness is also significantly improved.

[0027] Table 3 Physical and chemical properties of soil in the root zone of 0-20 cm under different treatments

[0028]

[0029] Note: Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (LSD, P <0.05)

[0030] (2) Significantly increase soil microbial biomass

[0031] As shown in Table 4, compared with traditional fertilization 1 (single application of chemical fertilizer) and traditional fertilization 2 (basal application of granular organic fertilizer), the light, simple and efficient fertilization treatment described in the present invention significantly increased the soil microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen and total microbial phospholipid fatty acids as well as the content of bacterial and fungal phospholipid fatty acids, which indicates that the light, simple and efficient fertilization treatment significantly increased the soil microbial biomass and activity.

[0032] Table 4 Soil microbial biomass in the root zone 0-20 cm under different treatments

[0033]

[0034] Note: Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (LSD, P <0.05)

[0035] (4) Significantly improve pineapple yield, quality and economic benefits

[0036] As shown in Table 5, compared with traditional fertilization 1, the light, simple and efficient fertilization method and traditional fertilization 2 (basal application of granular organic fertilizer) significantly increased pineapple yields by 23.20% and 14.09%, respectively. In addition, the light, simple fertilization method and traditional fertilization 2 (basal application of granular organic fertilizer) increased net income by 5652.5 yuan / mu and 2247.5 yuan / mu, respectively, compared with traditional fertilization 1. Compared with traditional fertilization 1 and traditional fertilization 2, the light, simple and efficient fertilization method also effectively reduced the incidence of water core disease in golden pineapple, which is also an important reason for the significant increase in net income of the light, simple and efficient fertilization method.

[0037] Table 5 Yield, quality and economic benefits of pineapples under different treatments

[0038]

[0039] Note: Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (LSD, P <0.05), the market price of golden pineapple is calculated at 5.0 yuan / kg.

[0040] (5) Reduce labor intensity and fertilizer costs

[0041] As shown in Table 5, compared with traditional fertilization 2 (basal application of granular organic fertilizer), simple and efficient fertilization reduces fertilizer costs and labor costs.

[0042] Example 2

[0043] The experiment was conducted from June 2022 to April 2024 at the "Bali" pineapple planting base in Dingcun Farm, Zhanjiang City, Guangdong Province. The base is located in the Leizhou Peninsula, which belongs to the tropical seasonal climate zone, with an average annual temperature of 24-26℃, hot summers and warm winters. More than 80% of precipitation is concentrated in the rainy season from May to October, and the annual precipitation is between 1500-2000 mm. The base is an old pineapple garden with 10 consecutive years of continuous cropping. The soil is brick red soil, with 1.35 g / kg total nitrogen, 1.50 g / kg total phosphorus, 12.2 mg / kg available phosphorus, 116.3 mg / kg alkaline nitrogen, 193.2 mg / kg available potassium, 23.2 g / kg organic matter, and 16.56 mg / kg microbial biomass carbon. Overall, the soil nutrient content is relatively rich, but the organic matter and microbial biomass are at a medium to low level, and the yield is low.

[0044] The raw materials required for the preparation of the test fertilizers and liquid bio-organic fertilizers mainly include urea, industrial-grade monoammonium phosphate, potassium chloride, compound fertilizer (15-15-15), molasses, soybean meal, Aspergillus oryzae, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium and Trichoderma harzianum. The specific indicators are shown in Table 1.

[0045] The preparation process of liquid bio-organic fertilizer is as follows: first, steam 100 kg of soybean meal for 1 hour, spread it on gauze to cool, then mix it with Aspergillus oryzae in a ratio of 1000:1, and ferment it naturally for 1-2 days until the surface of the soybean meal turns yellow-green; pour the 100 kg of soybean meal that has been successfully made into a 1000L plastic fermentation barrel with an electric stirrer, and then add 150 kg of molasses, 750 kg of water and 1 kg of composite microbial agent (Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium and Trichoderma harzianum 1:1:1 compound) in turn, and ferment it aerobically for 1-3 months, stirring it once every 3-5 days until there is basically no residue, and filter out the liquid part, which is the successfully prepared liquid bio-organic fertilizer. The raw material cost of producing 1 ton of liquid bio-organic fertilizer is 850 yuan.

[0046] The experiment set up three treatments, namely traditional fertilization 1: application of chemical fertilizer alone; traditional fertilization 2: base application of granular organic fertilizer, replacing 30% nitrogen fertilizer; light simplified and high-efficiency fertilization. The specific fertilization conditions are shown in Table 2.

[0047] Comparative test results

[0048] (1) Significantly improve soil nutrient availability and organic matter content

[0049] As can be seen from Table 6, compared with the two treatments of traditional fertilization 1 (single application of chemical fertilizer) and traditional fertilization 2 (basal application of granular organic fertilizer), the light, simple and efficient fertilization method of the present invention can significantly improve the effectiveness of soil nutrients in the continuous cropping pineapple garden, and increase the soil pH value and organic matter content.

[0050] Table 6 Nutrient availability and organic matter content in the 0-20 cm root zone of soil under different treatments

[0051]

[0052] Note: Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (LSD, P <0.05)

[0053] (2) Significantly improve soil enzyme activity

[0054] As shown in Table 7, compared with traditional fertilization 1 (single application of chemical fertilizer), traditional fertilization 2 (basal application of granular organic fertilizer) and the light, simple and efficient fertilization treatment of the present invention, the activities of enzymes such as soil glucosidase, peroxidase, urease, cellulase and acid protease were significantly improved; in addition, although biological organic fertilizer was also applied, the special biological organic fertilizer process and advanced fertilization concept made the light, simple and efficient fertilization treatment of the present invention also have a significant improvement effect on soil enzyme activity compared with traditional fertilization 2.

[0055] Table 7 Soil enzyme activities in the root zone of 0-20 cm under different treatments

[0056]

[0057] Note: Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (LSD, P <0.05)

[0058] (3) Significantly increase soil microbial biomass

[0059] As shown in Table 8, compared with traditional fertilization 1 (single application of chemical fertilizer) and traditional fertilization 2 (basal application of granular organic fertilizer), the light, simple and efficient fertilization treatment of the present invention significantly increased soil microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen and microbial total phospholipid fatty acids, which indicates that the light, simple and efficient fertilization treatment significantly increased soil microbial biomass and activity.

[0060] Table 8 Soil microbial biomass in the root zone 0-20 cm under different treatments

[0061]

[0062] Note: Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (LSD, P <0.05)

[0063] (4) Significantly improve pineapple yield, quality and economic benefits

[0064] As shown in Table 9, compared with traditional fertilization 1 and traditional fertilization 2, the light and efficient fertilization method significantly increased the yield and commercial fruit rate of continuous pineapple orchards, and increased the net income per unit area. Compared with traditional fertilization 1, the light and simple fertilization method and traditional fertilization 2 (basal application of granular organic fertilizer) also significantly increased the soluble solid content of pineapples.

[0065] Table 9 Yield, quality and economic benefits of pineapples under different treatments

[0066]

[0067] Note: Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (LSD, P <0.05)

[0068] (5) Reduce labor intensity and fertilizer costs

[0069] As shown in Table 9, compared with traditional fertilization 2 (basal application of granular organic fertilizer), simple and efficient fertilization reduces fertilizer costs and labor costs.

Claims

1. A light, simple and efficient fertilization method for alleviating the obstacle of continuous cropping of pineapples, characterized in that: It includes liquid bio-organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer, among which the application amount of liquid bio-organic fertilizer is 400kg / mu, chemical fertilizer N17.5kg / mu, P2O5 12.4kg / mu, K2O22.8kg / mu. The specific light, simple and efficient fertilization method includes the following steps: S1. One month before planting, pineapple straw was crushed by a crusher and evenly spread in the field, and then liquid bio-organic fertilizer was sprayed on the straw surface, with an amount of 100kg / mu, and diluted 5 times with water during spraying; The liquid bio-organic fertilizer was prepared by the following steps: first, 10 kg of soybean meal was steamed for 1 hour, placed on gauze to cool, and then Aspergillus oryzae powder was added and mixed and fermented at a ratio of 1000:1, and then the 10 kg soybean meal successfully made was poured into a 100L plastic fermentation barrel, and then 15 kg of molasses, 75 kg of water and 0.1 kg of composite microbial inoculant were added in sequence, and the liquid part was made after 1-3 months of aerobic fermentation; S2. At the time of planting, apply 40kg of compound fertilizer with a ratio of 15-15-15 per acre as base fertilizer to ensure a balanced supply of nutrients in the initial stage; S3. During the vigorous growth period of pineapples, i.e. 6-12 months after planting, the liquid bio-organic fertilizer prepared in step S1 is applied 4 times by drip irrigation, each time using 50kg / mu, and each time per mu with the application of 4.0kg of urea, 1.5kg of industrial-grade monoammonium phosphate and 4.0kg of potassium chloride to support the rapid growth and root development of plants; S4. In the flowering period, that is, the 12th month after planting, drip irrigation is applied once in step S1, the amount is 50kg / mu, and each time 1.5kg of industrial-grade monoammonium phosphate and 4kg of potassium chloride are applied per mu to promote flower bud differentiation; S5. In the small to medium fruit stage, that is, 13-15 months after planting, drip irrigation is applied twice in step S1, each time at a dosage of 25kg / mu, and each time 3.0kg of urea, 1.0kg of industrial-grade monoammonium phosphate and 4.0kg of potassium chloride are applied per mu to promote fruit development and quality improvement; The composite microbial agent in step S1 is prepared by mixing Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus magaterium and Trichoderma harzianum in a ratio of 1:1:1; The liquid bio-organic fertilizer has a validity period of 6 months, and overdue use will result in reduced fertilizer efficiency.

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