Magnetic field assisted silk powder mixed laser welding device and welding method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a magnetic field-assisted silk powder mixed laser welding device and a welding method, belonging to the field of laser welding technology. The magnetic field-assisted silk powder mixed laser welding device includes a fixing mechanism and a welding mechanism, and the welding mechanism is arranged on a mechanical arm; the welding mechanism includes a welding head, and a powder feeding tube and a wire feeding tube are arranged on the welding head, and the wire feeding tube is located on one side of the welding head, and the powder feeding tubes are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the welding head, and the wire feeding tube is located between the powder feeding tubes, and the welding head is provided with an adjustment structure for adjusting the position of the powder feeding tube, and the welding head is provided with an angle adjustment structure for adjusting the angle between the wire feeding tube and the welding head, and the bottom of the welding head is provided with a magnetic field device for providing magnetic field assistance for welding; the outside of the welding head is provided with a protective gas pipe for protecting the weld. The magnetic field-assisted silk powder mixed laser welding device and the welding method described in the present invention can solve the problem that the existing welding device has a single electromagnetic direction and poor adaptability to the weld.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of laser welding, and in particular to a magnetic field assisted silk powder mixed laser welding device and a welding method. Background Art

[0002] Laser welding generally uses a single welding wire or welding powder for welding. For thick plates and dissimilar metals with large differences in structure, welding with a single welding wire or welding powder is prone to forming defects such as pores and cracks at the weld, affecting the quality of welding. Wire-powder mixed welding can increase the amount of metal deposition per unit time and improve welding efficiency; and by adding specific metal powders during the welding process, the wettability of the weld and the base material can be improved, and the chemical composition and microstructure of the weld can be controlled, thereby improving the weld quality and welding joint performance.

[0003] Magnetic field-assisted laser welding is a new welding technology. The magnetic field can guide the movement of plasma, thereby affecting the shape of the molten pool, obtaining a more uniform weld cross section, and improving welding efficiency and joint strength. At the same time, the magnetic field can control the heat-affected zone during welding and reduce thermal damage by affecting heat conduction and convection. In addition, the magnetic field can change the dynamics of the molten pool, reduce the formation of welding defects such as pores and cracks, and improve welding quality. The laser welding process can be optimized by an external magnetic field.

[0004] The existing patent CN202410067324.0 discloses a laser arc hybrid welding device, including a welding table, in which an inner cavity is formed; a laser welding device is arranged on the welding table to emit a laser beam to melt the workpiece to form a specific molten pool; an arc welding device is arranged on the welding table and rotated in a direction close to or away from the center line of the laser beam and is located on one side of the laser welding device; an electromagnetic stirring device is arranged in the welding table, and generates a magnetic field direction and a magnetic field with controllable magnetic force toward the upper surface of the welding table to regulate the flow state of the molten pool; it has the effect of reducing the possibility of defects such as pores and unfused during the narrow gap welding of thick plates. In the above patent, the electromagnetic stirring device is fixedly arranged in the welding table and cannot be moved, which results in the poor adaptability of the electromagnetic stirring device to the weld. In addition, the electromagnetic stirring device can only provide a magnetic field in a single direction, and the magnetic field auxiliary adjustment effect on the weld is poor. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a magnetic field assisted silk powder mixed laser welding device and welding method, so as to solve the problem that the existing welding device has a single electromagnetic direction and poor adaptability to the weld.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention provides a magnetic field-assisted wire-powder mixed laser welding device, comprising a fixing mechanism for fixing a workpiece and a welding mechanism, the welding mechanism being arranged on a robotic arm; the welding mechanism comprising a welding head, the welding head being provided with a powder feeding tube and a wire feeding tube, the wire feeding tube being located on one side of the welding head, the powder feeding tubes being symmetrically arranged on both sides of the welding head, the wire feeding tube being located between the powder feeding tubes, an adjusting structure for adjusting the position of the powder feeding tube being arranged on the welding head, an angle adjusting structure for adjusting the angle between the wire feeding tube and the welding head being arranged on the welding head, a magnetic field device for providing magnetic field assistance for welding being arranged at the bottom of the welding head; a shielding gas tube for protecting the weld is arranged on the outside of the welding head.

[0007] Preferably, the adjustment structure includes a fixed plate, which is coaxially fixedly connected to the welding head, and a first arc-shaped mounting groove is symmetrically arranged on the fixed plate, the first mounting groove is coaxial with the fixed plate, a mounting seat is slidingly arranged in the mounting groove, a mounting hole penetrating the mounting seat is arranged in the middle of the mounting seat, the powder feeding tube is rotatably arranged in the mounting hole, the top end of the powder feeding tube is connected to the powder feeder, and a power structure is arranged on the fixed plate to drive the two mounting seats to slide synchronously in the first mounting groove.

[0008] Preferably, the power structure includes a transmission plate, one side of the mounting seat is connected to the transmission plate through a connecting rod, both ends of the connecting rod are hinged to the transmission plate and the mounting seat respectively, the transmission plate is slidably arranged between the two powder feeding pipes, and a second screw rod is arranged on the fixed plate to drive the transmission plate to slide on the fixed plate, the straight line where the second screw rod is located passes through the central axis of the welding head, and a threaded hole is arranged on the transmission plate for the second screw rod to pass through and match with the second screw rod, both ends of the second screw rod are rotatably connected to the fixed plate, a second knob is arranged on the second screw rod to drive the second screw rod to rotate, and a guide rail is arranged on the fixed plate to guide the sliding of the transmission plate.

[0009] Preferably, the mounting seat is provided with an angle adjustment structure for adjusting the angle between the powder delivery pipe and the welding head, the angle adjustment structure includes a vertically arranged mounting plate, the mounting plate is fixed on the mounting seat, a second mounting groove is arranged on the mounting plate, the second mounting groove is arranged along the length direction of the mounting plate, a slider is arranged in the second mounting groove, the slider is slidably connected to the second mounting groove, a third screw rod is rotatably arranged in the second mounting groove, a threaded hole for the third screw rod to pass through and match with the third screw rod is arranged on the slider, the slider and the powder delivery pipe are connected by a connecting rod, and both ends of the connecting rod are hinged to the slider and the powder delivery pipe respectively.

[0010] Preferably, the angle adjustment structure includes a fixing rod, which is fixedly connected to the welding head, and an end of the fixing rod away from the welding head is hinged with an adjusting rod through a hinge, and a mounting frame is provided on the adjusting rod, and a fine-tuning structure for fine-tuning the angle of the wire feeding tube is provided on the mounting frame, and an avoidance groove for avoiding the adjusting rod is provided on the fixing plate; an inner tube is provided inside the wire feeding tube, and the welding wire is located inside the inner tube, and the inner tube is connected to the wire feeder, and an air cavity for protecting the welding wire is provided between the inner tube and the wire feeding tube, and an air inlet is provided on the side wall of the air cavity, and the air inlet is connected to the protective gas bottle.

[0011] Preferably, the fine-tuning structure includes a rotating seat, which is rotatably arranged inside the mounting frame, the rotating seat is provided with a through hole for allowing the wire feeding tube to pass through, a clamping block for clamping the wire feeding tube is slidably arranged on the rotating seat, the two clamping blocks are arranged opposite to each other, and an arc-shaped clamping groove is provided on the side of the clamping block close to the wire feeding tube, a sliding rod for guiding the sliding of the clamping block is fixedly arranged on the rotating seat, a sliding hole for allowing the sliding rod to pass through is provided on the clamping block, the clamping block is slidably connected to the sliding rod, a nut for locking the clamping block is provided on the sliding rod, a driven gear is provided on the rotating shaft of the rotating seat, a driving gear meshing with the driven gear is rotatably provided on the rotating seat, and a knob for driving the driving gear to rotate is provided on the axle of the driving gear.

[0012] Preferably, the magnetic field device includes a magnetic base, which is arranged on a water-cooling base, which is fixed to the outside of the welding head. A first electromagnetic coil is wound around the upper part of the magnetic base, and the first electromagnetic coil is coaxially arranged with the welding head. An arc-shaped magnetic column is symmetrically arranged at the bottom of the magnetic base, and the magnetic column is coaxially arranged with the welding head. A second electromagnetic coil is wound around the magnetic column. The first electromagnetic coil and the second electromagnetic coil are both connected to a power supply, and a protective cover is arranged outside the magnetic base to protect the first electromagnetic coil and the second electromagnetic coil.

[0013] Preferably, a water inlet cavity is provided at the bottom of the water cooling seat, and a water outlet cavity is provided at the top of the water cooling seat. The water inlet cavity and the water outlet cavity are connected by a plurality of cooling water channels distributed in a circular array. A water inlet pipe is provided on the water inlet cavity, and a water outlet pipe is provided on the water outlet cavity. Both the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe are connected to the water cooler.

[0014] Preferably, the fixing mechanism includes a workbench, a through-groove is provided in the middle of the workbench, an air duct is provided inside the workbench, the air duct is located directly below the groove, a plurality of air outlet holes are evenly provided in the groove along the length direction of the groove, the groove is connected to the air duct through the air outlet holes, and the air duct is connected to an external protective gas bottle, a slide seat is slidably provided on the workbench, the two slide seats are respectively located on both sides of the groove, a slide groove with a guiding effect on the sliding of the slide seat is provided on the workbench, a top screw for locking the slide seat and the workbench is provided on the slide seat; a plurality of clamping units for clamping the workpiece are provided on the top of the slide seat, the clamping unit includes a pressing plate, a first screw rod is rotatably provided on the pressing plate, a threaded hole for allowing the first screw rod to pass through and adapt to the first screw rod is provided on the top of the slide seat, a first knob for driving the first screw rod to rotate is provided on the top of the first screw rod, a limiting rod with a limiting effect on the up and down sliding of the pressing plate is provided on the pressing plate, a hole for allowing the limiting rod to pass through is provided on the top of the slide seat, and the limiting rod is slidably connected to the hole.

[0015] The welding method based on the magnetic field assisted silk powder mixed laser welding device comprises the following steps:

[0016] S1. Place the workpiece to be welded on the workbench with the weld located directly above the groove; loosen the top screw, slide the slide, and place the slide against one side of the workpiece. Turn the first screw by the first knob, and the first screw drives the pressure plate to slide downward under the action of the limit rod. The pressure plate is pressed against the surface of the workpiece to fix the workpiece;

[0017] S2. Pass the wire feeding tube through the through hole of the rotating seat, rotate the locking nut, the locking nut drives the clamp to slide along the slide rod, and the clamp clamps the wire feeding tube; the mechanical arm drives the welding mechanism to move, the welding mechanism moves to the weld, and the adjusting rod is rotated through the hinge to adjust the angle of the wire feeding tube; the active gear is driven to rotate through the knob, and the active gear drives the rotating seat to move through the driven gear to fine-tune the angle of the wire feeding tube;

[0018] S3. The second screw is rotated by the second knob, and the second screw drives the transmission plate to slide along the guide rail. The transmission plate drives the mounting seat to slide in the first mounting groove through the connecting rods at both ends to adjust the position of the powder feeding tube; the third screw is rotated by the third knob, and the third screw drives the slider to slide in the second mounting groove. The slider drives the wire feeding tube to rotate around the hinge point between the top of the wire feeding tube and the mounting seat through the connecting rod to adjust the angle of the wire feeding rod;

[0019] S4. Adjust the parameters of the laser, wire feeder, powder feeder, shielding gas and power supply, and the laser passes through the optical path in the center of the welding head; the shielding gas protects the welding wire through the air cavity, the shielding gas protects the weld through the shielding gas pipe, and the shielding gas in the airway protects the bottom of the weld through the outlet hole; the robotic arm drives the welding head to move along the weld, the wire feeder feeds wire to the weld, the powder feeder feeds powder to the weld, and the laser melts the welding wire, welding powder and parent material at the weld to perform base welding; after the first electromagnetic coil is energized, a downward magnetic field is generated inside the magnetic seat, and the magnetic field exerts a downward force on the molten metal in the molten pool, flattens the molten droplets, so that the molten droplets are fully in contact with the parent material or the previous weld, and after the second electromagnetic coil is energized, a circular magnetic field parallel to the workpiece is generated below the magnetic seat, and the circular magnetic field exerts a force perpendicular to the weld in the horizontal direction on the liquid metal in the molten pool, so that the welding wire and the molten metal of the welding powder are fully mixed;

[0020] S5. Close the airway valve, repeat S4, and weld above the base weld.

[0021] The advantages and positive effects of the magnetic field-assisted silk-powder mixed laser welding device and welding method of the present invention are:

[0022] 1. The welding head is provided with a powder feeding tube and a wire feeding tube. The powder feeding tubes are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the welding head. The powder feeding tubes are also symmetrically arranged on both sides of the wire feeding tube. The welding wire and welding powder are respectively transported to the weld through the powder feeding tube and the wire feeding tube to realize wire-powder mixed welding. The composition of the filler metal is changed by the welding powder, which is beneficial to improve the organization of the weld, improve the welding quality and the strength of the weld.

[0023] 2. The adjustment structure adjusts the position of the powder feeding pipe to achieve the change of the relative position of the welding wire and welding powder, so that the welding powder can be located on both sides of the welding wire or in front of or behind the welding wire, and the welding wire and welding powder can be mixed in different states. The angle adjustment structure set on the mounting seat adjusts the angle of the powder feeding pipe to adapt to the filling of welds of different widths. The adjustment structure and angle adjustment structure can achieve the mixing of welding wire and welding powder in various states, improving adaptability.

[0024] 3. The fine-tuning structure provided on the mounting frame can fine-tune the angle of the wire feeding tube so that the wire feeding tube is located within the laser spot, thereby improving the accuracy of adjusting the angle of the wire feeding tube.

[0025] 4. The water cooling seat and the magnetic seat are both set on the welding head. The welding head drives the magnetic seat and the water cooling seat to move synchronously, which is conducive to simplifying the structure and improving the magnetic field treatment effect of the magnetic field on the weld. The water cooling seat is set between the magnetic seat and the welding head. The water cooling seat cools the magnetic seat and the welding head at the same time, which is conducive to reducing the impact of temperature on the magnetic seat.

[0026] 5. After the first electromagnetic coil is energized, a downward magnetic field is generated inside the magnetic seat. The magnetic field exerts a downward force on the molten metal in the molten pool, flattens the molten droplets, and makes the molten droplets fully contact with the parent material or the previous weld. After the second electromagnetic coil is energized, an annular magnetic field parallel to the workpiece is generated under the magnetic seat. The annular magnetic field exerts a horizontal force perpendicular to the weld on the liquid metal in the molten pool, so that the welding wire is fully mixed with the welding powder and the molten metal of the workpiece. The first electromagnetic coil and the second electromagnetic coil generate a composite magnetic field, which is conducive to improving the uniformity of the weld structure and the connection strength.

[0027] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the welding mechanism structure of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 For attachment Figure 2 Middle A: Enlarged view;

[0031] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a fine-tuning structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure of a wire feeding tube according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of a magnetic field device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of a magnetic field device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the fixing mechanism structure of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] Reference numerals

[0037] 1. Fixing mechanism; 11. Workbench; 12. Sliding seat; 13. Groove; 14. Sliding slot; 15. Pressing plate; 16. First screw rod; 17. Limiting rod; 18. Airway; 19. Air outlet; 110. First knob;

[0038] 2. Welding mechanism; 21. Welding head; 22. Powder feeding tube; 23. Wire feeding tube; 24. Protective cover; 25. Fixed plate; 26. First mounting groove; 27. Mounting seat; 28. Transmission plate; 29. ​​Second screw rod; 210. Connecting rod; 211. Second knob; 212. Mounting plate; 213. Sliding block; 214. Second mounting groove; 215. Third screw rod; 216. Third knob; 217. Fixed rod; 218. Adjustment rod; 219. Mounting frame ; 220, rotating seat; 221, clamping block; 222, sliding rod; 223, driven gear; 224, driving gear; 225, inner tube; 226, air cavity; 227, air inlet hole; 228, water cooling seat; 229, magnetic seat; 230, first electromagnetic coil; 231, magnetic column; 232, second electromagnetic coil; 233, water inlet cavity; 234, water outlet cavity; 235, cooling water channel; 236, water inlet pipe; 237, water outlet pipe; 238, avoidance groove. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0040] Unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms used in the present invention should be understood by people with ordinary skills in the field to which the present invention belongs. The words "first", "second" and similar words used in the present invention do not indicate any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. "Include" or "comprise" and similar words mean that the elements or objects appearing before the word include the elements or objects listed after the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. "Connect" or "connected" and similar words are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "Up", "down", "left", "right" and the like are only used to indicate relative positional relationships. When the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0041] Example

[0042] like Figure 1 A magnetic field assisted silk powder mixed laser welding device comprises a fixing mechanism 1 for fixing a workpiece and a welding mechanism 2, wherein the welding mechanism 2 is located above the fixing mechanism 1. The welding mechanism 2 is arranged on a mechanical arm, and the mechanical arm adopts an existing structure and model as required. A protective gas pipe for protecting the weld is arranged outside the welding device.

[0043] like Figure 8As shown. The fixing mechanism 1 includes a workbench 11, and a through-length groove 13 is provided in the middle of the workbench 11. The weld is located directly above the groove 13. The groove 13 is used to avoid the weld and collect welding slag dropped during welding. An air duct 18 is provided inside the workbench 11, and the air duct 18 is located directly below the groove 13. A plurality of air outlet holes 19 are evenly arranged in the groove 13 along the length direction of the groove 13, and the groove 13 is connected to the air duct 18 through the air outlet holes 19. The air duct 18 is connected to an external protective gas bottle. The protective gas bottle delivers the protective gas to the back of the weld through the air duct 18 and the air outlet holes 19, protects the weld from the back of the weld, and improves the welding quality of the back of the weld.

[0044] A slide 12 is slidably arranged on the workbench 11, and two slides 12 are respectively located on both sides of the groove 13. A slide groove 14 is arranged on the workbench 11 to guide the sliding of the slide 12, and a protrusion adapted to the slide groove 14 is arranged on the slide 12, and the protrusion is located in the slide groove 14 and slidably connected with the slide groove 14. A top screw is arranged on the slide 12 to lock the slide 12 and the workbench 11. A plurality of clamping units for clamping the workpiece are arranged on the top of the slide 12. In this embodiment, two clamping units are arranged on each slide 12, and the clamping units are located at both ends of the slide 12. The clamping unit includes a pressing plate 15, and the pressing plate 15 is rotatably arranged with a first screw rod 16 through a bearing. A threaded hole for the first screw rod 16 to pass through and adapted to the first screw rod 16 is arranged on the top of the slide 12, and a first knob 110 for driving the first screw rod 16 to rotate is fixedly arranged on the top of the first screw rod 16. A limit rod 17 is fixedly provided on the pressing plate 15 to limit the upward and downward sliding of the pressing plate 15. A hole is provided at the top of the slide seat 12 for the limit rod 17 to pass through. The limit rod 17 is slidably connected to the hole. The first screw rod 16 is rotated by the first knob 110, thereby driving the pressing plate 15 to rise and fall, and fixing the workpiece between the workbench 11 and the pressing plate 15.

[0045] like Figure 2 As shown. The welding mechanism 2 includes a welding head 21, and a cavity is provided inside the welding head 21 for the laser to pass through. The laser passes through the cavity to heat the welding wire, welding powder and workpiece. The welding head 21 is provided with a powder feeding tube 22 and a wire feeding tube 23. The wire feeding tube 23 is located on one side of the welding head 21, and the wire feeding tube 23 and the welding head 21 are arranged along the direction of the weld. The powder feeding tube 22 is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the welding head 21, and the wire feeding tube 23 is located between the powder feeding tubes 22. The powder feeding tube 22 is also symmetrically arranged on both sides of the wire feeding tube 23. The welding wire and welding powder are respectively transported to the weld by the powder feeding tube 22 and the wire feeding tube 23 to realize wire-powder mixed welding. Changing the composition of the filler metal by welding powder is conducive to improving the structure of the weld, improving the welding quality and the strength of the weld.

[0046] The welding head 21 is provided with an adjustment structure for adjusting the position of the powder delivery tube 22. The adjustment structure includes a fixed plate 25, which is coaxially fixedly connected to the welding head 21. The fixed plate 25 is symmetrically provided with an arc-shaped first mounting groove 26, which is coaxial with the fixed plate 25. A mounting seat 27 is slidably provided in the mounting groove, and a guide groove is provided in the mounting groove for guiding and limiting the sliding of the mounting seat 27. A mounting hole penetrating the mounting seat 27 is provided in the middle of the mounting seat 27, and the powder delivery tube 22 is rotatably arranged in the mounting hole by a pin shaft. The top end of the powder delivery tube 22 is connected to a powder feeder, and the powder feeder adopts an existing structure as needed.

[0047] The fixed plate 25 is provided with a power structure for driving the two mounting seats 27 to slide synchronously in the first mounting groove 26. The power structure includes a transmission plate 28, one side of the mounting seat 27 is connected to the transmission plate 28 through a connecting rod 210, and the two ends of the connecting rod 210 are respectively hinged to the transmission plate 28 and the mounting seat 27. The transmission plate 28 is slidably arranged between the two powder delivery pipes 22. The fixed plate 25 is provided with a second screw rod 29 for driving the transmission plate 28 to slide on the fixed plate 25, and the second screw rod 29 is rotatably connected to the fixed plate 25 through a bearing seat. The straight line where the second screw rod 29 is located passes through the central axis of the welding head 21. The transmission plate 28 is provided with a threaded hole for the second screw rod 29 to pass through and is adapted to the second screw rod 29. The second screw rod 29 is fixedly provided with a second knob 211 for driving the second screw rod 29 to rotate. The fixed plate 25 is provided with a guide rail that has a guiding effect on the sliding of the transmission plate 28. The guide rail is parallel to the second screw rod 29. The second screw rod 29 is rotated by the second knob 211, and the second screw rod 29 drives the transmission plate 28 to slide on the fixed plate 25. The transmission plate 28 drives the mounting seat 27 to slide in the first mounting groove 26 through the connecting rod 210, thereby adjusting the position of the powder feeding pipe 22, realizing the change of the relative position of the welding wire and the welding powder, and realizing that the welding powder is located on both sides of the welding wire or in front of or behind the welding wire, thereby realizing the mixing of the welding wire and the welding powder in different states.

[0048] like Figure 3As shown. The mounting seat 27 is provided with an angle adjustment structure for adjusting the angle between the powder delivery pipe 22 and the welding head 21. The angle adjustment structure includes a vertically arranged mounting plate 212, and the mounting plate 212 is fixed on the mounting seat 27. A second mounting groove 214 is provided on the mounting plate 212, and the second mounting groove 214 is arranged along the length direction of the mounting plate 212. A slider 213 is arranged in the second mounting groove 214, and the slider 213 is slidably connected with the second mounting groove 214. A third screw rod 215 is rotatably arranged in the second mounting groove 214 through a bearing, and a threaded hole is provided on the slider 213 for the third screw rod 215 to pass through and match the third screw rod 215. A third knob 216 for driving the third screw rod 215 to rotate is fixedly provided at the end of the third screw rod 215. The slider 213 is connected to the powder delivery pipe 22 by a connecting rod, and the two ends of the connecting rod are respectively hinged to the slider 213 and the powder delivery pipe 22. The third screw rod 215 is rotated by the third knob 216, and the third screw rod 215 drives the slider 213 to slide along the second mounting groove 214. The slider 213 drives the powder delivery pipe 22 to rotate through the connecting rod, and the angle of the powder delivery pipe 22 is adjusted to adapt to the filling of welds of different widths.

[0049] like Figure 4 As shown. The welding head 21 is provided with an angle adjustment structure for adjusting the angle between the wire feeding tube 23 and the welding head 21. The angle adjustment structure includes a fixed rod 217, and the fixed rod 217 is fixedly connected to the welding head 21. An end of the fixed rod 217 away from the welding head 21 is hinged with an adjustment rod 218 through a hinge, and the adjustment rod 218 rotates around the hinge to adjust the angle of the wire feeding tube 23. In order to improve the stability of the angle of the wire feeding tube 23, a nut for locking the adjustment rod 218 may be provided on the hinge. An installation frame 219 is fixedly provided on the adjustment rod 218, and a fine-tuning structure for fine-tuning the angle of the wire feeding tube 23 is provided on the installation frame 219, and the angle of the wire feeding tube 23 is fine-tuned by the fine-tuning structure. The fixed plate 25 is provided with an avoidance groove 238 for avoiding the adjustment rod 218.

[0050] The fine-tuning structure includes a rotating seat 220, which is rotatably arranged inside the mounting frame 219 through a pin shaft. The rotating seat 220 is provided with a through hole for the wire feeding tube 23 to pass through, and the aperture of the through hole is larger than the diameter of the wire feeding tube 23. A clamping block 221 for clamping the wire feeding tube 23 is slidably arranged on the rotating seat 220, and two clamping blocks 221 are arranged opposite to each other. An arc-shaped clamping groove is arranged on one side of the clamping block 221 close to the wire feeding tube 23. A sliding rod 222 that guides the sliding of the clamping block 221 is fixedly arranged on the rotating seat 220, and a sliding hole for the sliding rod 222 to pass through is arranged on the clamping block 221, and the clamping block 221 is slidably connected to the sliding rod 222. A nut for locking the clamping block 221 is arranged on the sliding rod 222. A driven gear 223 is fixedly arranged on the rotating shaft of the rotating seat 220, and a driving gear 224 meshing with the driven gear 223 is rotatably arranged on the rotating seat 220 through a bearing. The diameter of the driven gear 223 is larger than the diameter of the driving gear 224. A knob for driving the driving gear 224 to rotate is fixedly arranged on the axle of the driving gear 224. The driving gear 224 is rotated by the knob, and the driving gear 224 drives the rotating seat 220 to rotate through the driven gear 223, thereby fine-tuning the angle of the wire feeding tube 23.

[0051] like Figure 5 As shown. An inner tube 225 is provided inside the wire feeding tube 23, and the welding wire is located inside the inner tube 225, and the inner tube 225 is connected to the wire feeder. An air cavity 226 for protecting the welding wire is provided between the inner tube 225 and the wire feeding tube 23, and an air inlet 227 is provided on the side wall of the air cavity 226, and the air inlet 227 is connected to the protective gas bottle. Providing the air cavity 226 in the wire feeding tube 23 is conducive to improving the protection effect of the welding wire and improving the quality of welding.

[0052] like Figure 6 , Figure 7 As shown. A magnetic field device that provides magnetic field assistance for welding is provided at the bottom of the welding head 21. The magnetic field device includes a magnetic base 229, and the magnetic base 229 is fixedly arranged on a water cooling base 228, and the water cooling base 228 is fixed on the outside of the welding head 21. The water cooling base 228 and the magnetic base 229 are both arranged on the welding head 21, and the magnetic base 229 and the water cooling base 228 are driven to move synchronously by the welding head 21, which is conducive to simplifying the structure and improving the magnetic field treatment effect of the magnetic field on the weld. The water cooling base 228 is arranged between the magnetic base 229 and the welding head 21, and the water cooling base 228 cools the magnetic base 229 and the welding head 21 at the same time, which is conducive to reducing the influence of temperature on the magnetic base 229.

[0053] The upper part of the magnetic base 229 is wound with a first electromagnetic coil 230, and the first electromagnetic coil 230 is coaxially arranged with the welding head 21. The bottom of the magnetic base 229 is symmetrically provided with an arc-shaped magnetic column 231, and the magnetic column 231 is coaxially arranged with the welding head 21. The magnetic column 231 is located between the two powder feeding pipes 22, that is, the magnetic column 231 is distributed along the length direction of the weld, which is convenient for magnetic field-assisted treatment of the weld. A second electromagnetic coil 232 is wound on the magnetic column 231. The first electromagnetic coil 230 and the second electromagnetic coil 232 are both connected to a power source. A protective cover 24 for protecting the first electromagnetic coil 230 and the second electromagnetic coil 232 is provided on the outside of the magnetic base 229, and the bottom of the protective cover 24 is open.

[0054] After the first electromagnetic coil 230 is energized, a downward magnetic field is generated inside the magnetic base 229. The magnetic field exerts a downward force on the molten metal in the molten pool, flattens the molten droplets, and makes the molten droplets fully contact with the parent material or the previous weld. After the second electromagnetic coil 232 is energized, an annular magnetic field parallel to the workpiece is generated below the magnetic base 229. The annular magnetic field exerts a force perpendicular to the weld in the horizontal direction on the liquid metal in the molten pool, so that the welding wire and the molten metal of the welding powder are fully mixed, and the mixing effect of the welding powder and the workpiece is improved, which is conducive to improving the uniformity of the weld structure and the connection strength.

[0055] A water inlet chamber 233 is provided at the bottom of the water cooling seat 228, and a water outlet chamber 234 is provided at the top of the water cooling seat 228. The water inlet chamber 233 and the water outlet chamber 234 are connected through a plurality of cooling water channels 235 distributed in a circumferential array. A water inlet pipe 236 is provided on the water inlet chamber 233, and a water outlet pipe 237 is provided on the water outlet chamber 234. Both the water inlet pipe 236 and the water outlet pipe 237 are connected to a water cooler. The water cooler adopts an existing structure as required, and the water cooler sends cooling water into the water cooling seat 228 to cool the welding joint 21 and the magnetic column 231.

[0056] The welding method of the magnetic field assisted silk powder mixed laser welding device comprises the following steps:

[0057] S1. Place the workpiece to be welded on the workbench 11, with the weld seam located directly above the groove 13. Loosen the top screw, slide the slide 12, and place the slide 12 against one side of the workpiece. Rotate the first screw 16 through the first knob 110, and the first screw 16 drives the pressing plate 15 to slide downward under the action of the limit rod 17. The pressing plate 15 is pressed against the surface of the workpiece to fix the workpiece.

[0058] S2. Pass the wire feeding tube 23 through the through hole of the rotating seat 220, rotate the locking nut, the locking nut drives the clamping block 221 to slide along the sliding rod 222, and the clamping block 221 clamps the wire feeding tube 23; the robotic arm drives the welding mechanism 2 to move, the welding mechanism 2 moves to the weld, and the adjusting rod 218 is rotated by the hinge to adjust the angle of the wire feeding tube 23; the driving gear 224 is driven by the knob to rotate, and the driving gear 224 drives the rotating seat 220 to move through the driven gear 223 to fine-tune the angle of the wire feeding tube 23.

[0059] S3. The second screw rod 29 is rotated by the second knob 211, and the second screw rod 29 drives the transmission plate 28 to slide along the guide rail. The transmission plate 28 drives the mounting seat 27 to slide in the first mounting groove 26 through the connecting rods 210 at both ends to adjust the position of the powder feeding tube 22. The third screw rod 215 is rotated by the third knob 216, and the third screw rod 215 drives the slider 213 to slide in the second mounting groove 214. The slider 213 drives the wire feeding tube 23 to rotate around the hinge point between the top of the wire feeding tube 23 and the mounting seat 27 through the connecting rod to adjust the angle of the wire feeding rod.

[0060] S4. Adjust the parameters of the laser, wire feeder, powder feeder, shielding gas and power supply, and the laser passes through the optical path at the center of the welding head 21. The shielding gas protects the welding wire through the gas cavity 226, the shielding gas protects the weld through the shielding gas pipe, and the shielding gas in the gas channel 18 protects the bottom of the weld through the outlet 19. The robot arm drives the welding head 21 to move along the weld, the wire feeder feeds wire to the weld, the powder feeder feeds powder to the weld, and the laser melts the welding wire, welding powder and the parent material at the weld to perform the base welding. After the first electromagnetic coil 230 is energized, a downward magnetic field is generated inside the magnetic base 229. The magnetic field applies a downward force to the molten metal in the molten pool, flattens the molten droplets, and makes the molten droplets fully contact with the base material or the previous weld. After the second electromagnetic coil 232 is energized, an annular magnetic field parallel to the workpiece is generated below the magnetic base 229. The annular magnetic field applies a horizontal force perpendicular to the weld to the liquid metal in the molten pool, so that the welding wire and the welding powder molten metal are fully mixed.

[0061] S5. Close the valve of airway 18, repeat S4, and weld above the base weld.

[0062] Therefore, the magnetic field-assisted silk-powder mixed laser welding device and welding method described in the present invention can solve the problem that the existing welding device has a single electromagnetic direction and poor adaptability to the weld.

[0063] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify or replace the technical solution of the present invention with equivalents, and these modifications or equivalent replacements cannot cause the modified technical solution to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A magnetic field assisted silk powder mixed laser welding device, characterized in that: It comprises a fixing mechanism and a welding mechanism for fixing a workpiece, and the welding mechanism is arranged on a mechanical arm; the welding mechanism comprises a welding head, and a powder feeding tube and a wire feeding tube are arranged on the welding head, the wire feeding tube is located on one side of the welding head, the powder feeding tubes are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the welding head, and the wire feeding tube is located between the powder feeding tubes, and an adjusting structure for adjusting the position of the powder feeding tube is arranged on the welding head, and an angle adjusting structure for adjusting the angle between the wire feeding tube and the welding head is arranged on the welding head, and a magnetic field device for providing magnetic field assistance for welding is arranged at the bottom of the welding head; a shielding gas tube for protecting the weld is arranged outside the welding head; The adjustment structure includes a fixed plate, the fixed plate is coaxially fixedly connected with the welding head, a first arc-shaped mounting groove is symmetrically arranged on the fixed plate, the first mounting groove is coaxial with the fixed plate, a mounting seat is slidably arranged in the mounting groove, a mounting hole penetrating the mounting seat is arranged in the middle of the mounting seat, a powder feeding pipe is rotatably arranged in the mounting hole, the top end of the powder feeding pipe is connected to the powder feeding machine, and a power structure is arranged on the fixed plate to drive the two mounting seats to slide synchronously in the first mounting groove; The angle adjustment structure comprises a fixing rod, the fixing rod is fixedly connected to the welding head, an end of the fixing rod away from the welding head is hinged with an adjusting rod through a hinge, a mounting frame is arranged on the adjusting rod, a fine-tuning structure for fine-tuning the angle of the wire feeding tube is arranged on the mounting frame, and an avoidance groove for avoiding the adjusting rod is arranged on the fixing plate; an inner tube is arranged inside the wire feeding tube, the welding wire is located inside the inner tube, the inner tube is connected to the wire feeding machine, an air cavity for protecting the welding wire is arranged between the inner tube and the wire feeding tube, an air inlet is arranged on the side wall of the air cavity, and the air inlet is connected to the protective gas bottle; The magnetic field device includes a magnetic base, which is arranged on a water-cooling base, which is fixed to the outside of the welding head. A first electromagnetic coil is wound around the upper part of the magnetic base, and the first electromagnetic coil is coaxially arranged with the welding head. An arc-shaped magnetic column is symmetrically arranged at the bottom of the magnetic base, and the magnetic column is coaxially arranged with the welding head. A second electromagnetic coil is wound around the magnetic column. Both the first electromagnetic coil and the second electromagnetic coil are connected to a power supply. A protective cover is arranged outside the magnetic base to protect the first electromagnetic coil and the second electromagnetic coil.

2. The magnetic field-assisted silk-powder mixed laser welding device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power structure includes a transmission plate, one side of the mounting seat is connected to the transmission plate through a connecting rod, two ends of the connecting rod are respectively hinged to the transmission plate and the mounting seat, the transmission plate is slidably arranged between the two powder feeding pipes, a second screw rod is arranged on the fixed plate to drive the transmission plate to slide on the fixed plate, the straight line where the second screw rod is located passes through the central axis of the welding head, a threaded hole is arranged on the transmission plate to allow the second screw rod to pass through and to match the second screw rod, two ends of the second screw rod are rotatably connected to the fixed plate, a second knob is arranged on the second screw rod to drive the second screw rod to rotate, and a guide rail is arranged on the fixed plate to guide the sliding of the transmission plate.

3. The magnetic field-assisted silk-powder mixed laser welding device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The mounting seat is provided with an angle adjustment structure for adjusting the angle between the powder delivery pipe and the welding head, the angle adjustment structure includes a vertically arranged mounting plate, the mounting plate is fixed on the mounting seat, a second mounting groove is arranged on the mounting plate, the second mounting groove is arranged along the length direction of the mounting plate, a slider is arranged in the second mounting groove, the slider is slidably connected to the second mounting groove, a third screw rod is rotatably arranged in the second mounting groove, a threaded hole for the third screw rod to pass through and adapted to the third screw rod is arranged on the slider, the slider and the powder delivery pipe are connected by a connecting rod, and both ends of the connecting rod are respectively hinged to the slider and the powder delivery pipe.

4. The magnetic field-assisted silk-powder mixed laser welding device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The fine-tuning structure includes a rotating seat, which is rotatably arranged inside the mounting frame, a through hole for allowing the wire feeding tube to pass through is arranged on the rotating seat, a clamping block for clamping the wire feeding tube is slidably arranged on the rotating seat, two clamping blocks are arranged opposite to each other, and an arc-shaped clamping groove is arranged on the side of the clamping block close to the wire feeding tube, a sliding rod with a guiding effect on the sliding of the clamping block is fixedly arranged on the rotating seat, a sliding hole for allowing the sliding rod to pass through is arranged on the clamping block, the clamping block is slidably connected to the sliding rod, a nut for locking the clamping block is arranged on the sliding rod, a driven gear is arranged on the rotating shaft of the rotating seat, a driving gear meshing with the driven gear is rotatably arranged on the rotating seat, and a knob for driving the driving gear to rotate is arranged on the wheel axle of the driving gear.

5. The magnetic field-assisted silk-powder mixed laser welding device according to claim 4, characterized in that: A water inlet cavity is arranged at the bottom of the water cooling seat, and a water outlet cavity is arranged at the top of the water cooling seat. The water inlet cavity and the water outlet cavity are connected by a plurality of cooling water channels distributed in a circular array. A water inlet pipe is arranged on the water inlet cavity, and a water outlet pipe is arranged on the water outlet cavity. Both the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe are connected to the water cooler.

6. The magnetic field assisted silk powder mixed laser welding device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The fixing mechanism comprises a workbench, a through-groove is arranged in the middle of the workbench, an air duct is arranged inside the workbench, the air duct is located directly below the groove, a plurality of air outlet holes are evenly arranged in the groove along the length direction of the groove, the groove is connected to the air duct through the air outlet holes, and the air duct is connected to an external protective gas bottle, a sliding seat is slidably arranged on the workbench, two sliding seats are respectively located on both sides of the groove, a sliding groove with a guiding effect on the sliding of the sliding seat is arranged on the workbench, a top screw for locking the sliding seat and the workbench is arranged on the sliding seat; a plurality of clamping units for clamping the workpiece are arranged on the top of the sliding seat, the clamping unit comprises a pressing plate, a first screw rod is rotatably arranged on the pressing plate, a threaded hole for allowing the first screw rod to pass through and match with the first screw rod is arranged on the top of the sliding seat, a first knob for driving the first screw rod to rotate is arranged on the top of the first screw rod, a limiting rod for limiting the up and down sliding of the pressing plate is arranged on the pressing plate, a hole for allowing the limiting rod to pass through is arranged on the top of the sliding seat, and the limiting rod is slidably connected with the hole.

7. A welding method based on the magnetic field assisted silk powder mixed laser welding device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Place the workpiece to be welded on the workbench with the weld located directly above the groove; loosen the top screw, slide the slide, and place the slide against one side of the workpiece. Turn the first screw by the first knob, and the first screw drives the pressure plate to slide downward under the action of the limit rod. The pressure plate is pressed against the surface of the workpiece to fix the workpiece; S2. Pass the wire feeding tube through the through hole of the rotating seat, rotate the locking nut, the locking nut drives the clamp to slide along the slide rod, and the clamp clamps the wire feeding tube; the mechanical arm drives the welding mechanism to move, the welding mechanism moves to the weld, and the adjusting rod is rotated through the hinge to adjust the angle of the wire feeding tube; the active gear is driven to rotate through the knob, and the active gear drives the rotating seat to move through the driven gear to fine-tune the angle of the wire feeding tube; S3. The second screw is rotated by the second knob, and the second screw drives the transmission plate to slide along the guide rail. The transmission plate drives the mounting seat to slide in the first mounting groove through the connecting rods at both ends to adjust the position of the powder feeding tube; the third screw is rotated by the third knob, and the third screw drives the slider to slide in the second mounting groove. The slider drives the wire feeding tube to rotate around the hinge point between the top of the wire feeding tube and the mounting seat through the connecting rod to adjust the angle of the wire feeding rod; S4. Adjust the parameters of the laser, wire feeder, powder feeder, shielding gas and power supply, and the laser passes through the optical path in the center of the welding head; the shielding gas protects the welding wire through the air cavity, the shielding gas protects the weld through the shielding gas pipe, and the shielding gas in the airway protects the bottom of the weld through the outlet hole; the robotic arm drives the welding head to move along the weld, the wire feeder feeds wire to the weld, the powder feeder feeds powder to the weld, and the laser melts the welding wire, welding powder and parent material at the weld to perform base welding; after the first electromagnetic coil is energized, a downward magnetic field is generated inside the magnetic seat, and the magnetic field exerts a downward force on the molten metal in the molten pool, flattens the molten droplets, so that the molten droplets are fully in contact with the parent material or the previous weld, and after the second electromagnetic coil is energized, a circular magnetic field parallel to the workpiece is generated below the magnetic seat, and the circular magnetic field exerts a force perpendicular to the weld in the horizontal direction on the liquid metal in the molten pool, so that the welding wire and the molten metal of the welding powder are fully mixed; S5. Close the airway valve, repeat S4, and weld above the base weld.

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