Network layout method and system of distributed photovoltaic power station

Abstract

The invention relates to a network layout method and system for a distributed photovoltaic power station, and the method comprises the steps: firstly screening out alternative places based on sunlight and solar radiation, considering the influence of climate on the performance, and determining places suitable for climate conditions; evaluating the current land utilization situation, and determining a land parcel suitable for photovoltaic construction; then analyzing the landform, and planning equipment installation; determining power station installation data according to the installation demand in combination with land conditions; then, the admission ability is evaluated, the installed capacity is adjusted, and the access point is confirmed; similar power stations are divided into clusters for coordination; and finally planning a power transmission line to complete layout. According to the method, objective environmental conditions are collected and analyzed and combined with actual requirements, the layout mode is finally screened and confirmed, manual intervention is reduced in the process to improve efficiency, meanwhile, the layout mode of the photovoltaic module is optimized through site selection and positioning, factors such as shadow, sunlight, land and installation are fully considered, maximum energy collection is achieved, and the energy utilization rate is increased. And the requirements during layout construction are comprehensively considered.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to power station layout means, belongs to the field of photovoltaic technology, and in particular to a network layout method and system for a distributed photovoltaic power station. Background Art

[0002] Renewable energy includes hydropower, biomass energy, wind energy, solar energy, etc., which have the advantages of great resource potential, low environmental pollution, and sustainable use. With the enhancement of environmental protection awareness and the increasing importance of renewable energy, photovoltaic power generation, as a clean and sustainable energy form, has been widely used. In order to better utilize and manage photovoltaic power generation resources, the planning and design of photovoltaic power generation networks has become an urgent work focus.

[0003] Photovoltaic power generation resource survey is the first step in photovoltaic power generation network planning. Its purpose is to determine the geographical location suitable for the construction of photovoltaic power stations. At present, the network layout of photovoltaic power generation equipment usually requires staff to conduct a lot of resource surveys in the early stage, and then evaluate the light resources, topography, etc. for each candidate site. This leads to the need for a lot of repeated surveys and evaluations when the network layout of distributed power stations is inefficient and highly dependent on the experience of staff, which has certain limitations. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an efficient and comprehensive means to solve the above-mentioned defects in the existing technology. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned defects and problems existing in the prior art and to provide an efficient and comprehensive distributed photovoltaic power station network layout method and system.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is: a network layout method of a distributed photovoltaic power station, comprising:

[0006] S1. Obtain sunshine data of the target area, and select an area with high annual average solar radiation and long sunshine time as an alternative site for a photovoltaic power station; the sunshine data includes sunshine time and solar radiation;

[0007] S2. Obtain the climatic conditions of the candidate sites, and select the areas that meet the climatic suitability index from the candidate sites based on the performance parameters of the photovoltaic power station and with the minimum impact of the climatic conditions on the performance of the photovoltaic power station as the restriction condition;

[0008] S3. Obtain the current land use map of the area that meets the climate suitability index, and then select the land that can be used for the construction of photovoltaic power stations and evaluate the suitability to obtain the layout area of ​​each photovoltaic power station;

[0009] S4. Analyze the topographical features of the layout areas of each photovoltaic power station and determine the installation method of the photovoltaic power station equipment;

[0010] S5. Based on the total installed capacity demand of photovoltaic power stations and the power demand of each photovoltaic power station layout area, and according to the land conditions of each photovoltaic power station layout area, confirm the installed capacity, land area and grid access capacity of each photovoltaic power station layout area;

[0011] S6. Based on the installed capacity of each photovoltaic power station layout area, evaluate the acceptance capacity of each photovoltaic power station layout area and adjust the installed capacity, and then confirm the final access point of each photovoltaic power station layout area;

[0012] S7. Divide the photovoltaic power station layout areas with similar geographical locations, installed capacity and power generation characteristics into photovoltaic clusters to achieve coordinated control;

[0013] S8. Taking the shortest transmission line, the fewest obstacles, the smallest line loss and the maximum power output as the connection conditions of the transmission line, confirm the transmission line connection method of each photovoltaic power station layout area and complete the network layout of the distributed photovoltaic power station.

[0014] The step S1 specifically includes:

[0015] S11, collecting the maximum, minimum and average values ​​of sunshine duration in the target area to obtain sunshine duration data and peak sunshine duration data;

[0016] S12, collecting the annual average, monthly average and daily average of solar radiation in the target area to obtain solar radiation data;

[0017] S13. Based on the sunshine time data, peak sunshine time data and solar radiation data of the target area, one or more regions with high annual average solar radiation and long annual sunshine time are selected as candidate sites for photovoltaic module installation.

[0018] The step S2 specifically includes:

[0019] S21. Determine the working range limit of the photovoltaic module according to the performance parameters of the photovoltaic module; the working range limit includes a normal working temperature range limit, a precipitation range limit, and a wind speed range limit;

[0020] S22, obtaining the climatic conditions of the candidate sites, matching the climatic conditions with the working range limits of the photovoltaic modules, and selecting areas that meet the climatic suitability index; the climatic conditions include temperature, wind speed and precipitation;

[0021] The areas that meet the climate suitability indicators are: areas where the annual average temperature, daily maximum temperature and daily minimum temperature are all within the normal operating temperature range limits of photovoltaic modules; areas where the annual average wind speed or maximum wind speed is within the wind speed range limits of photovoltaic modules; areas where the annual average precipitation is within the precipitation range limits.

[0022] The step S3 specifically includes:

[0023] S31. Obtain the current land use map of the area that meets the climate suitability index through geographic information system or remote sensing technology;

[0024] S32. Screening out land that can be used for photovoltaic power generation construction from the land use status map; the land that can be used for photovoltaic power generation construction includes unused land and industrial land;

[0025] S33. Assigning points and weights to factors that affect the construction of photovoltaic power stations in land that can be used for photovoltaic power generation construction to obtain a comprehensive score; the factors that affect the installation of photovoltaic modules include: land type, area, slope, slope direction, and shadow shielding;

[0026] The expression of the comprehensive score is as follows:

[0027] K=K 1 *M 1 +K 2 *M 2 +, ..., +K n *M n ;

[0028] Among them: K is the comprehensive score, K n M is the nth element in the factors affecting the installation of photovoltaic modules. n is the weight of the nth element;

[0029] S34. Using the score sequence of the comprehensive score as a selection object of suitability, each photovoltaic power generation layout area is obtained.

[0030] The step S4 specifically includes:

[0031] S41. Select a corresponding installation method according to the slope conditions required for the installation of photovoltaic modules of the photovoltaic power station; the installation methods include: ground installation, roof installation, slope installation, floating installation, and customized installation;

[0032] S42, obtaining the topographic and geomorphic characteristics of the layout areas of each photovoltaic power station, and analyzing the topography, geomorphology, slope, slope direction, and shadow occlusion;

[0033] S43, determining the installation method of the photovoltaic modules based on the best installation method or the lowest installation cost in each photovoltaic power station layout area;

[0034] S44. Based on the annual solar radiation data of each photovoltaic power station layout area and according to the local latitude and seasonal changes in radiation angle, determine the installation angle of the photovoltaic module; the expression of the installation angle is as follows:

[0035] angle ins =lat+season angle ;

[0036] Where: angle ins is the installation angle, lat is the local latitude, season angle Adjust angles for the season;

[0037] S45. Determine the installation spacing of the photovoltaic modules according to the installation angle; the expression of the installation spacing is as follows:

[0038] spa=(L×angle ins ) / tan(angle ins );

[0039] Where: spa is the installation spacing, and L is the length of the photovoltaic panel in the photovoltaic module.

[0040] The step S5 specifically includes:

[0041] S51. According to the total installed capacity demand of the photovoltaic power station, determine the installed capacity to be allocated to each photovoltaic power generation layout area; the expression of the installed capacity to be allocated is as follows:

[0042]

[0043] Where: S i is the installed capacity to be allocated; D i is the electricity demand of region i; T is the total installed capacity demand; n is the total number of regions; D j is the electricity demand of region j, j = 1, 2, ..., n;

[0044] S52. Based on the installed capacity to be allocated, confirm the land area and grid access capacity required for the region;

[0045] The expression for the required occupied land area is as follows:

[0046] L i =S i ×A;

[0047] Where: L i is the required land area of ​​region i, and A is the required land area per kilowatt photovoltaic power station;

[0048] The expression of the grid access capacity is as follows:

[0049] E i =S i ×;

[0050] Where: E i is the grid access capacity, and η is the grid connection efficiency.

[0051] The step S6 specifically includes:

[0052] S61. Based on the installed capacity to be allocated to each photovoltaic power generation layout area, analyze its current and future acceptable capacity, and adjust the installed capacity under the condition that the capacity matching degree is less than 1; the expression of the capacity matching degree is as follows:

[0053]

[0054] Where: G is the capacity matching degree, S i is the installed capacity, G is the acceptable capacity of the power grid;

[0055] S62: Select several candidate access points based on the access point selection conditions of satisfying voltage level and being closest, analyze the reliability of the candidate access points, and confirm the final access point based on the access point confirmation condition of having the best reliability.

[0056] The step S7 specifically refers to: by analyzing the geographical location, installed capacity and power generation characteristics of each photovoltaic power station layout area, photovoltaic power stations with similar geographical locations, installed capacity and power generation characteristics are divided into photovoltaic clusters, and a cluster operation management system is established to achieve coordinated control of the layout areas of each photovoltaic power station.

[0057] The step S8 specifically refers to: determining the transmission line connection mode of each photovoltaic power station layout area under the condition of the shortest transmission line and the least obstacles, and determining the voltage level of the transmission line under the condition of minimum line loss, and determining the transmission capacity of the transmission line under the condition of meeting the maximum power output of the photovoltaic power station.

[0058] A network layout system for a distributed photovoltaic power station, the system is applied to the above method, the system comprising:

[0059] The candidate site confirmation unit is used to obtain sunshine data of the target area and select an area with high annual average solar radiation and long sunshine time as a candidate site for the photovoltaic power station; the sunshine data includes sunshine time and solar radiation;

[0060] The climate suitable site confirmation unit is used to obtain the climate conditions of the candidate sites, and select the areas that meet the climate suitability index from the candidate sites based on the performance parameters of the photovoltaic power station and the restriction condition that the climate conditions have the least impact on the performance of the photovoltaic power station;

[0061] The power station layout area confirmation unit is used to obtain the current land use map of the area that meets the climate suitability index, and then select the land that can be used for the construction of photovoltaic power stations and evaluate the suitability to obtain the layout area of ​​each photovoltaic power station;

[0062] The installation method confirmation unit is used to analyze the topographical features of the layout area of ​​each photovoltaic power station and determine the installation method of the photovoltaic power station equipment;

[0063] The installed capacity demand confirmation unit is used to confirm the installed capacity, land area and grid access capacity based on the total installed capacity demand of the photovoltaic power station and the power demand of the layout area of ​​each photovoltaic power station and the land conditions of the layout area of ​​each photovoltaic power station;

[0064] An access point confirmation unit, for evaluating the receiving capacity of each photovoltaic power station layout area and adjusting the installed capacity based on the installed capacity of each photovoltaic power station layout area, and then confirming the final access point of each photovoltaic power station layout area;

[0065] The photovoltaic cluster construction unit is used to divide the photovoltaic power station layout areas with similar geographical locations, installed capacity and power generation characteristics into photovoltaic clusters to achieve coordinated control;

[0066] The line connection confirmation unit is used to confirm the transmission line connection mode of each photovoltaic power station layout area based on the shortest transmission line, the least obstacles, the smallest line loss, and the maximum power output as the connection conditions of the transmission line, and complete the network layout of the distributed photovoltaic power station.

[0067] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0068] In a network layout method and system of a distributed photovoltaic power station of the present invention, firstly, areas with high annual average solar radiation and sufficient sunshine are selected as candidate sites for photovoltaic power stations; and the influence of climate on the performance of power stations is considered, and locations with suitable climate conditions are selected; then the current land use status is evaluated to determine the plots suitable for photovoltaic construction; then the topography is analyzed to plan the installation of equipment; then the installed capacity, area and grid access of the power station are determined according to the total installed capacity demand and power demand, combined with the land conditions; then the acceptance capacity is evaluated, the installed capacity is adjusted, and the final access point is confirmed; then the power stations with similar geographical locations and characteristics are grouped into clusters for coordination; and finally , based on the principle of shortest line, least obstacles and minimum loss, the transmission lines are planned to complete the distributed photovoltaic network layout; in the application of this design, by collecting and analyzing the objective environmental conditions of the target area and combining them with actual needs, the network layout of photovoltaic components is finally screened and confirmed, and in this process, excessive intervention of human experience is reduced, and the efficiency of the layout is improved. At the same time, through precise site selection and positioning, the layout of photovoltaic components is optimized, and shadow obstruction, sunshine time, land conditions, installation angle and other factors are fully considered to achieve maximum energy collection, and the network layout construction needs of distributed photovoltaic power stations are more comprehensively considered. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0069] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of the method steps of the present invention.

[0070] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the system structure of the present invention.

[0071] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the device structure of the present invention.

[0072] In the figure: alternative site confirmation unit 1, climate suitable site confirmation unit 2, power station layout area confirmation unit 3, installation method confirmation unit 4, installed capacity demand confirmation unit 5, access point confirmation unit 6, photovoltaic cluster construction unit 7, line connection confirmation unit 8, processor 9, memory 10, computer program code 101. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0073] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0074] Embodiment 1:

[0075] See also Figure 1 , a network layout method for a distributed photovoltaic power station, comprising:

[0076] S1. Obtain sunshine data of the target area, and select an area with high annual average solar radiation and long sunshine time as an alternative site for a photovoltaic power station; the sunshine data includes sunshine time and solar radiation;

[0077] Furthermore, the step S1 specifically includes:

[0078] S11, collecting the maximum, minimum and average values ​​of sunshine duration in the target area to obtain sunshine duration data and peak sunshine duration data;

[0079] S12, collecting the annual average, monthly average and daily average of solar radiation in the target area to obtain solar radiation data;

[0080] S13. Based on the sunshine time data, peak sunshine time data and solar radiation data of the target area, one or more regions with high annual average solar radiation and long annual sunshine time are selected as candidate sites for photovoltaic module installation.

[0081] In this embodiment, the sunshine duration can be obtained by collecting sunshine time records of the target area and performing statistical analysis; the annual average value of solar radiation can be calculated using the following formula:

[0082]

[0083] Where: R avg is the annual average value of solar radiation, R i is the daily solar radiation (kWh / m 2 ), n is the number of days in a year;

[0084] S2. Obtain the climatic conditions of the candidate sites, and select the areas that meet the climatic suitability index from the candidate sites based on the performance parameters of the photovoltaic power station and with the minimum impact of the climatic conditions on the performance of the photovoltaic power station as the restriction condition;

[0085] Furthermore, the step S2 specifically includes:

[0086] S21. Determine the working range limit of the photovoltaic module according to the performance parameters of the photovoltaic module; the working range limit includes a normal working temperature range limit, a precipitation range limit, and a wind speed range limit;

[0087] The performance parameters of the photovoltaic modules include: peak power, open circuit voltage, short circuit current, operating temperature range, weather resistance (such as wind pressure resistance, snow pressure resistance, etc.), etc.

[0088] S22, obtaining the climatic conditions of the candidate sites, matching the climatic conditions with the working range limits of the photovoltaic modules, and selecting areas that meet the climatic suitability index; the climatic conditions include temperature, wind speed and precipitation;

[0089] The areas that meet the climate suitability indicators are: areas where the annual average temperature, daily maximum temperature and daily minimum temperature are all within the normal operating temperature range of photovoltaic modules; areas where the annual average wind speed or maximum wind speed is within the wind speed range of photovoltaic modules (mainly considering the bearing capacity of photovoltaic modules); areas where the annual average precipitation is within the precipitation range (neither too much to cause long-term moisture in the modules, nor too little to affect the cleanliness of the modules).

[0090] In this embodiment, climate conditions can be collected and obtained through meteorological stations, climate databases or remote sensing data, including temperature (average temperature, daily maximum temperature, daily minimum temperature), wind speed (average wind speed, maximum wind speed), precipitation (daily precipitation, cumulative precipitation). After collecting the data on climate conditions, the data is statistically analyzed to calculate the mean, standard deviation, extreme value, etc.

[0091] The average value represents the average level of a certain climate condition over a period of time. For a given climate data set x of a certain climate condition, 1 , x 2 , ..., x n , the calculation formula of its average value is as follows:

[0092]

[0093] in: is the average value of the climate condition, n is the number of climate condition data points, is the sum of the climate condition data points, x i is the value of a single data point;

[0094] Suppose the data set of the maximum temperature of a certain area every day within a week is:

[0095] x 1 =25,x 2 =27,x 3 =24,x 4 =26,x 5 =28,x 6 =29,x 7 =27;

[0096] The average value is as follows:

[0097] A=1 / 7*(25+27+24+26+28+29+27)=26.57℃;

[0098] The standard deviation is a statistic that measures the degree of dispersion of data. The expression of the standard deviation of data under a certain climate condition is as follows:

[0099]

[0100] Where: σ is the sample standard deviation of the climate condition, n is the number of data points in the sample, x i is the value of a single data point, is the mean value of the sample;

[0101] In this embodiment, the performance parameter may also be used as an indirect evaluation parameter to participate in the screening in step S22; for example, the temperature will affect the efficiency of the photovoltaic module, and the relationship between the efficiency and temperature of the photovoltaic module is as follows:

[0102] P T =P STC ·[1+α(TT STC )];

[0103] Where: P T is the power at temperature T, P STC The power under standard test conditions (STC, usually the temperature is 25°C and the light intensity is 1000W / m 2 ), α is the temperature coefficient (usually a negative value, indicating that the efficiency decreases as the temperature rises), T is the actual temperature, T STC is the temperature under standard test conditions (usually 25°C).

[0104] S3. Obtain the current land use map of the area that meets the climate suitability index, and then select the land that can be used for the construction of photovoltaic power stations and evaluate the suitability to obtain the layout area of ​​each photovoltaic power station;

[0105] Furthermore, the step S3 specifically includes:

[0106] S31. Obtain the current land use map of the area that meets the climate suitability index through geographic information system or remote sensing technology;

[0107] S32. Screening out land that can be used for photovoltaic power generation construction from the land use status map; the land that can be used for photovoltaic power generation construction includes unused land and industrial land;

[0108] S33. Assigning points and weights to factors that affect the construction of photovoltaic power stations in land that can be used for photovoltaic power generation construction to obtain a comprehensive score; the factors that affect the installation of photovoltaic modules include: land type, area, slope, slope direction, and shadow shielding;

[0109] The expression of the comprehensive score is as follows:

[0110] K=K 1 *M 1 +K 2 *M 2 +,...,+K n ,*M n ;

[0111] Among them: K is the comprehensive score, K n M is the nth element in the factors affecting the installation of photovoltaic modules. n is the weight of the nth element;

[0112] In the application, the area is calculated as follows: Assuming that a rectangular plot of land that can be used for photovoltaic power generation is identified in GIS, which is 1000 meters long and 800 meters wide, the area of ​​the plot is: 1000×800=800,000 square meters=0.8 square kilometers.

[0113] The slope is calculated as follows: in the DEM data, two points A and B are selected, the elevation of point A is 100 meters, the elevation of point B is 150 meters, and the horizontal distance between the two points is 200 meters, then the slope = arctan ((150-100) / 200).

[0114] The shadow shielding assessment usually relies on the shadow analysis tool in the GIS software, combined with the solar radiation data and terrain data for analysis. This is usually a qualitative process, which is assessed by simulating the position of the sun and the shadow range at different time points.

[0115] S34. Using the score sequence of the comprehensive score as a selection object of suitability, each photovoltaic power generation layout area is obtained.

[0116] In this embodiment, it is assumed that the suitability of a photovoltaic power station is evaluated by considering three factors: slope, aspect and land type. The weight of each factor is 0.3, 0.3 and 0.4 respectively. The score of a certain plot is as follows:

[0117] The slope score is 8 (out of 10, the slope is relatively gentle); the slope direction score is 9 (out of 10, close to the optimal installation direction); and the land type score is 10 (out of 10, it is unused land, very suitable for photovoltaic power generation).

[0118] The comprehensive scores are as follows:

[0119] K=8×0.3+9×0.3+10×0.4=9.1;

[0120] This score is relatively high, close to the full score of 10. If there is no plot with a score higher than this, then this plot is the most suitable object and can be used as the preferred area for power station construction.

[0121] In this embodiment, if there is a ready-made land use status map, it can be used directly; otherwise, it is necessary to use remote sensing images to classify land use; for example: the acquired remote sensing images are subjected to preprocessing steps such as radiation calibration, atmospheric correction, and geometric correction to improve the interpretation accuracy of the images, and then supervised classification, unsupervised classification, or object-oriented classification methods are used to classify the land use of the remote sensing images to generate a land use status map, and finally, according to the construction requirements of photovoltaic power generation equipment, the types of land that can be used for photovoltaic power generation, such as unused land, industrial land, etc., are identified.

[0122] In GIS software, these land types can be extracted by setting specific attribute conditions (such as land type code); and the spatial analysis function of GIS software can be used to calculate and count the various types of land areas that can be used for photovoltaic power generation; taking into account factors such as slope, aspect, shadow, geological conditions, and grid access, the suitability of the identified land for photovoltaic power generation can be evaluated. This can be achieved through methods such as multi-factor overlay analysis and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation in GIS.

[0123] Land use classification methods can adopt commonly used remote sensing image classification methods, including supervised classification, unsupervised classification and object-oriented classification. Supervised classification requires pre-setting of training samples, while unsupervised classification is classified according to the image's own characteristics. Object-oriented classification is classified based on objects as units, which can better maintain the integrity of the land. In addition, in GIS software, specific land types can be extracted by setting attribute conditions, and their areas can be calculated using spatial analysis functions. For example, by setting the land type code to "unused land" or "industrial land", these land types can be extracted and their areas calculated.

[0124] In the application, it is preferred to use an object-oriented classification method to classify the land use of remote sensing images and generate a land use status map. The steps are as follows:

[0125] A1. According to the characteristics of remote sensing images and analysis requirements, select a suitable segmentation method and set segmentation parameters; the segmentation methods include chessboard segmentation, quadtree segmentation, and multi-scale segmentation; the segmentation parameters include scale, compactness, and smoothness;

[0126] A2. Calculate the image features of the segmented object and generate an image feature vector; the image features include spectral features, shape features, texture features, context features, etc.;

[0127] The spectral feature is a measure of the reflectance or emission intensity of an object in different bands. For multispectral remote sensing images, each band represents a specific spectral range; calculating the spectral feature includes: extracting the average reflectance or DN value (band average reflectance or digital value) of each object in all available bands. For some processed images (such as images after atmospheric correction), the reflectance value can be used directly; for original images, the DN value is usually used.

[0128] The calculation formula of the spectral characteristics is as follows:

[0129]

[0130] in: is the average reflectance or DN value of the i-th band, N is the total number of pixels considered in this band, PixelValue ij is the value of the jth pixel in the i-th band.

[0131] The texture feature describes the spatial variation pattern of the gray level of pixels inside the object. Texture features can be extracted using methods such as gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM), local binary pattern (LBP), and gray level difference matrix (GLDM). Assuming that the contrast of an object calculated by GLCM is 5, the homogeneity is 0.8, and the entropy is 2.5, these values ​​can be used as part of the texture features of the object.

[0132] The context feature describes the relationship between an object and its surroundings. By considering the neighboring objects around the object, the difference or similarity of their attributes (such as spectrum, shape, etc.) with the current object is calculated. Spatial weights (such as inverse distance weights) can be used to weight the contribution of neighboring objects to obtain context features.

[0133] A3. Select the image features that contribute significantly to the land classification results from the image feature vector;

[0134] A4. Select an appropriate classification method according to the attributes of the segmented objects; the classification method includes supervised classification, rule-based classification, and fuzzy classification;

[0135] A5. According to the image features that significantly contribute to the land classification results, the classification method is applied to classify the segmented objects to obtain the classification results;

[0136] A6. Post-process the classification results to improve their accuracy, and verify and correct the classification results through high-precision data or entity investigation; the post-processing includes removing small area spots, smoothing boundaries, etc.

[0137] A7. Based on the corrected classification results, graphics are compiled to obtain a land use status map. The image compilation includes setting a scale, adding legends, marking longitude and latitude, etc.

[0138] S4. Analyze the topographical features of the layout areas of each photovoltaic power station and determine the installation method of the photovoltaic power station equipment;

[0139] Furthermore, the step S4 specifically includes:

[0140] S41. Select a corresponding installation method according to the slope conditions required for the installation of photovoltaic modules of the photovoltaic power station; the installation methods include: ground installation, roof installation, slope installation, floating installation, and customized installation;

[0141] In this embodiment, the installation of photovoltaic modules needs to be matched and adapted to the slope. The slope can be divided into multiple levels, such as 0-10 degrees, 10-30 degrees, 30-60 degrees, etc., and then the overall slope level of the target area is determined according to the slope value of the target area, and the corresponding installation method is matched.

[0142] For example:

[0143] Ground installation: Suitable for areas with a small slope (such as 0-10 degrees) and flat terrain.

[0144] Rooftop installation: Suitable for areas with dense buildings and roof structures suitable for installing photovoltaic modules, without being restricted by the ground slope.

[0145] Inclined installation: Suitable for mountainous or hilly areas with a slope of 10-30 degrees, using the terrain slope to reduce bracket costs.

[0146] Floating installation: Suitable for special terrains such as water areas or wetlands, using floating bodies to support photovoltaic modules.

[0147] Customized support system: A special support system designed for complex terrain (such as slopes greater than 30 degrees or unstable geological conditions).

[0148] S42, obtaining the topographic and geomorphic characteristics of the layout areas of each photovoltaic power station, and analyzing the topography, geomorphology, slope, slope direction, and shadow occlusion;

[0149] In this embodiment, the terrain and geomorphic features can be obtained through high-resolution satellite images and digital elevation model (DEM) data; when performing terrain and geomorphic analysis, GIS software can be used to process DEM data and calculate terrain parameters such as slope and aspect; by combining satellite images and DEM data, the terrain and geomorphic features such as valleys, ridges, plains, etc. can be analyzed; when performing shadow occlusion analysis, the shadow analysis tool in the GIS software can be used, combined with solar radiation data and terrain data, to analyze the shadow occlusion that the photovoltaic modules may be subjected to.

[0150] Among them, slope refers to the steepness of the surface unit. The ratio of the vertical height H of the slope to the horizontal distance L is usually called the slope or slope ratio, which is represented by the letter i, that is, the tangent value of the slope angle (i = tan slope angle); aspect refers to the direction faced by the slope, which is usually automatically calculated by the aspect analysis tool in the GIS software and does not require manual calculation; shadow occlusion analysis is usually performed using the shadow analysis tool in the GIS software.

[0151] S43, determining the installation method of the photovoltaic modules based on the best installation method or the lowest installation cost in each photovoltaic power station layout area;

[0152] In this embodiment, although the installation method of photovoltaic modules is ideally to maximize power generation, for certain terrain conditions, it is necessary to pay a higher cost to achieve the best installation method. For example, it is necessary to evaluate the stability of the soil to determine whether it is necessary to reinforce the foundation or adopt a special foundation structure; consider the impact of extreme climate conditions such as wind load and snow load on photovoltaic modules and their supporting structures; in areas with strong winds, it is necessary to take windproof measures, such as reinforcing brackets and installing windshields. Therefore, different installation methods can be provided for target users to choose from during installation. After the user makes a choice, the installation method suitable for the photovoltaic modules in the target area is determined, or the cost of various installation methods is calculated, and the installation method with a more balanced power generation and economy is selected.

[0153] S44. Based on the annual solar radiation data of each photovoltaic power station layout area and according to the local latitude and seasonal changes in radiation angle, determine the installation angle of the photovoltaic module; the expression of the installation angle is as follows:

[0154] angle ins =lat+season angle ;

[0155] Where: angle ins is the installation angle, lat is the local latitude, season angle Adjust the angle for the season; for example, in the northern hemisphere, in winter, to increase the sunlight time, the installation angle can be appropriately increased, while in summer, the installation angle can be appropriately reduced.

[0156] S45. Determine the installation spacing of the photovoltaic modules according to the installation angle; the expression of the installation spacing is as follows:

[0157] spa=(L×angle ins ) / tan(angle ins );

[0158] Where: spa is the installation spacing, and L is the length of the photovoltaic panel in the photovoltaic module.

[0159] S5. Based on the total installed capacity demand of photovoltaic power stations and the power demand of the layout areas of each photovoltaic power station, and according to the land conditions of the layout areas of each photovoltaic power station, confirm the installed capacity, land area and grid access capacity;

[0160] Furthermore, the step S5 specifically includes:

[0161] S51. According to the total installed capacity demand of the photovoltaic power station, determine the installed capacity to be allocated to each photovoltaic power generation layout area; the expression of the installed capacity to be allocated is as follows:

[0162]

[0163] Where: S i is the installed capacity to be allocated; D i is the electricity demand of region i; T is the total installed capacity demand; n is the total number of regions; D j is the electricity demand of region j, j = 1, 2, ..., n;

[0164] S52. Based on the installed capacity to be allocated, confirm the land area and grid access capacity required for the region;

[0165] The expression for the required occupied land area is as follows:

[0166] L i =S i ×A;

[0167] Where: L i is the required land area of ​​region i, and A is the required land area per kilowatt photovoltaic power station;

[0168] The expression of the grid access capacity is as follows:

[0169] E i =S i ×η;

[0170] Where: E i is the grid access capacity, and η is the grid connection efficiency.

[0171] In this embodiment, it is assumed that the total installed capacity demand in a region is 10MW, which is divided into three power supply areas A, B, and C. The power demands are 3MW, 4MW, and 3MW respectively. Each kilowatt photovoltaic power station requires 10 square meters of land, and the grid-connected efficiency is 0.9.

[0172] The installed capacity is distributed as follows:

[0173] Area A: 3MW / (3MW+4MW+3MW)×10MW=3MW;

[0174] Area B: 4MW / (3MW+4MW+3MW)×10MW=4MW;

[0175] Area C: 3MW / (3MW+4MW+3MW)×10MW=3MW;

[0176] The required land area is as follows:

[0177] Area A: 3MW×10m2 / kW=30,000m2;

[0178] Area B: 4MW×10m2 / kW=40,000m2;

[0179] Area C: 3MW×10m2 / kW=30,000m2;

[0180] The grid access capacity is as follows:

[0181] Area A: 3MW×0.9=2.7MW;

[0182] Area B: 4MW×0.9=3.6MW;

[0183] Area C: 3MW×0.9=2.7MW;

[0184] Through the above steps and formulas, multiple distributed photovoltaic power stations can be effectively arranged according to the installed capacity and power supply range of the photovoltaic power station to form a photovoltaic power generation network with a large capacity.

[0185] S6. Based on the installed capacity of each photovoltaic power station layout area, evaluate the acceptance capacity of each photovoltaic power station layout area and adjust the installed capacity, and then confirm the final access point of each photovoltaic power station layout area;

[0186] Furthermore, the step S6 specifically includes:

[0187] S61. Based on the installed capacity to be allocated to each photovoltaic power generation layout area, analyze its current and future acceptable capacity, and adjust the installed capacity under the condition that the capacity matching degree is less than 1; the expression of the capacity matching degree is as follows:

[0188]

[0189] Where: C is the capacity matching degree, S i is the installed capacity, G is the acceptable capacity of the power grid;

[0190] S62: Select several candidate access points based on the access point selection conditions of satisfying voltage level and being closest, analyze the reliability of the candidate access points, and confirm the final access point based on the access point confirmation condition of having the best reliability.

[0191] In this embodiment, the best access point is selected according to the grid structure and capacity of the distributed photovoltaic power station to ensure the reliability and efficiency of power transmission. For example, according to the scale of the distributed photovoltaic power station and the grid conditions and grid connection mode, a low-voltage access or medium-voltage access mode is selected, and the obstructions of the distributed photovoltaic power station are evaluated to determine the shadow shading management method; for example, potential obstructions around the power station, such as trees and buildings, are evaluated, and the impact of obstructions on the power generation of the photovoltaic power station is evaluated using the method for evaluating the impact of obstructions on the power generation of the photovoltaic power station to reduce the impact of shadow shading.

[0192] Assuming that the total installed capacity of the photovoltaic power generation project is 10MW, it needs to be distributed in three areas, A, B, and C. Area A has a flat terrain and sufficient sunlight, but there are a few trees around that may create shadows; Area B has a slightly steeper slope, but the lighting conditions are also very good; Area C has a complex terrain and many obstructions.

[0193] There are three ways to manage shadows: shadow removal, reasonable photovoltaic array layout, and comprehensive measures. Different shadow removal management is adopted for different regions: trees in area A are pruned or removed to reduce shadows and reasonably layout photovoltaic arrays: photovoltaic arrays are reasonably arranged in area B to avoid shadows caused by undulating terrain: due to the large number of obstructions in area C, more complex comprehensive shadow management measures may be required.

[0194] In this embodiment, according to the grid structure and capacity of the distributed photovoltaic power station, selecting the best access point may include:

[0195] First, based on the capacity and load of the power grid, evaluate the current and future acceptable capacity of the power grid, predict the load growth trend of the power grid, and ensure that the power grid can maintain stable operation after the power station is connected; then clarify the total installed capacity of the distributed photovoltaic power station, using the formula: capacity matching degree = power station installed capacity / grid acceptable capacity, and ensure that the capacity matching degree is less than 1 to ensure that the power station's power generation is within the acceptable range of the power grid; then, based on the grid structure and power station capacity, preliminarily screen out access points that meet the conditions (considering factors such as the voltage level, capacity margin, and short-circuit current level of the access point).

[0196] Prioritize high voltage access to reduce current loss and transmission loss; prioritize access points that are close to the power station and have advanced access equipment to improve transmission efficiency; for power stations of different capacities, appropriate voltage access can be selected based on experience or standards. For example, 10kV access is recommended for power stations of 300kW to 6MW; 380V access is recommended for power stations below 300kW.

[0197] Finally, the reliability indicators such as failure rate and power outage time of the access points that initially meet the conditions are analyzed, and quantitative analysis is performed using methods such as fault tree analysis (FTA) or reliability block diagram (RBD) to select the best access point. When selecting the access point, a certain capacity margin is reserved to cope with the needs of future power station expansion or grid load growth. After selecting the access point, the access point efficiency can be further optimized, and low-loss transmission paths and access equipment can be selected; for example, high-efficiency transformers and low-resistance cables can be used to optimize the coordinated operation of the power station and the grid, and the power generation curve of the power station can be adjusted to match the load curve of the grid.

[0198] In the application, it is assumed that the total installed capacity of the distributed photovoltaic power station is 5MW and is located in an area with a 110kV substation and multiple 10kV distribution rooms.

[0199] First, the grid structure and capacity were analyzed: by collecting data and evaluating the grid's capacity, it was found that the 10kV grid in the area had a high capacity.

[0200] Then the power station capacity is evaluated: the installed capacity of the power station is 5MW, which is less than the acceptable capacity of the 10kV power grid;

[0201] Then select the access point: Based on the preliminary screening and priority principle, select the 10kV distribution room which is close to the power station and has advanced equipment as the access point.

[0202] Reliability reassessment: The reliability index of the power distribution room was assessed and it was found to have high reliability.

[0203] Finally, optimize efficiency: select low-loss cables and equipment for transmission, optimize the power generation curve of the power station to match the load curve of the power grid, and further improve the reliability and efficiency of power transmission.

[0204] S7. Divide the photovoltaic power station layout areas with similar geographical locations, installed capacity and power generation characteristics into photovoltaic clusters to achieve coordinated control;

[0205] Furthermore, it specifically means: by analyzing the geographical location, installed capacity and power generation characteristics of each photovoltaic power station layout area, photovoltaic power stations with similar geographical locations, installed capacity and power generation characteristics are divided into photovoltaic clusters, and a cluster operation management system is established to achieve coordinated control of the layout areas of each photovoltaic power station.

[0206] In this embodiment, the geographical location, capacity, power generation characteristics and other factors of each distributed photovoltaic power station are analyzed to evaluate their interconnectivity, and then the grid structure, voltage level, transmission capacity and other conditions are considered to determine the feasibility and economy of the interconnection; then, based on the results of the interconnectivity analysis of the power stations, the power stations with similar geographical locations, capacities and power generation characteristics are divided into a photovoltaic cluster, and the grid structure and transmission paths within the cluster are planned to ensure the efficient transmission and distribution of electric energy.

[0207] Among them, it is necessary to determine the scale of the cluster according to the actual situation, to avoid being too large to cause management difficulties or too small to reflect the cluster effect, and to design a reasonable cluster structure, such as adopting hierarchical management, distributed control and other methods to improve the operation efficiency and stability of the cluster; at the same time, optimize the allocation of cluster resources, such as connecting power stations with larger power generation to areas with heavier loads to improve the power consumption capacity, and make full use of the energy storage equipment, peak-shaving equipment and other resources within the cluster to improve the regulation capacity and stability of the cluster. It is also possible to establish a cluster operation management system to achieve remote monitoring, data collection and coordinated control of each power station in the cluster; through data analysis, optimize the cluster's power generation curve and grid load curve to improve the efficiency of power utilization.

[0208] S8. Taking the shortest transmission line, the fewest obstacles, the smallest line loss and the maximum power output as the connection conditions of the transmission line, confirm the transmission line connection method of each photovoltaic power station layout area and complete the network layout of the distributed photovoltaic power station.

[0209] Furthermore, it specifically means: determining the transmission line connection method in each photovoltaic power station layout area under the condition of the shortest transmission line and the least obstacles, determining the voltage level of the transmission line under the condition of minimum line loss, and determining the transmission capacity of the transmission line under the condition of meeting the maximum power output of the photovoltaic power station.

[0210] In this embodiment, when planning the line, the geographical conditions can be fully utilized to select a flat and barrier-free line corridor to reduce the cost of line construction; for example, in the planning process, obstacles such as mountains and rivers can be avoided, and factors such as environmental protection and land use can be considered. When building a photovoltaic power station in a mountainous area, the transmission line can be arranged along the valley or the foot of the mountain to reduce the difficulty and cost of construction. You can first choose to plan more shortest total transmission lines, and then exclude the transmission lines that have obstacles such as mountains and rivers and do not consider arranging the transmission lines along the valley or the foot of the mountain from the shortest total transmission lines, and determine the final multiple shortest transmission lines.

[0211] In this embodiment, a suitable voltage level can be selected according to the capacity and transmission distance of the photovoltaic power station. Generally speaking, a high voltage level is selected for a power station with large capacity and long distance; a matching comparison table of capacity, transmission distance and voltage can be pre-configured, and the transmission voltage of the transmission line of the distributed photovoltaic power station can be selected according to the matching comparison table; for example, for a photovoltaic power station with a capacity of 5MW and a transmission distance of 50km, a voltage level of 110kV or higher can be selected for transmission. Selecting a higher voltage level can reduce current, thereby reducing line losses.

[0212] In this embodiment, the required transmission capacity is calculated based on the capacity of the photovoltaic power station and the load of the power grid, and a certain margin is reserved. Among them: U is the effective value of voltage, I is the effective value of current; by selecting appropriate effective value of voltage and effective current, it is ensured that the transmission capacity can meet the demand.

[0213] Assume that there are three distributed photovoltaic power stations A, B, and C in a certain area, with capacities of 2MW, 3MW, and 1.5MW respectively, and it is necessary to plan transmission lines to connect them to the power grid; the terrain in the area is mainly plains, but there are a few rivers and lakes. First, connect power stations A, B, and C to nearby substations to reduce the transmission distance; at the same time, considering the influence of terrain and rivers, choose a flat, barrier-free line corridor; then, according to the capacity of the power station and the transmission distance, select a voltage level of 10kV or 35kV for transmission; considering that the capacity of power station B is larger and the distance is longer, 35kV can be selected for transmission; A and C power stations choose 10kV; according to the capacity of the power station and the voltage level, calculate the required transmission capacity; the transmission capacity of power station B Where I_B is the effective value of the current of power station B. By selecting a suitable I_B, it can be ensured that S_B meets the demand. During the planning process, the line length should be shortened as much as possible to reduce bends and ups and downs.

[0214] In this embodiment, when laying out the network of photovoltaic power generation equipment, the Internet of Things and industrial intelligent gateway technology can also be used to achieve remote monitoring and data collection of photovoltaic equipment, improve the scalability of the system, and expand the network when demand increases.

[0215] For example: wireless communication technology (such as 4G / 5G) is used to realize the networking of photovoltaic equipment, avoiding the complexity and high cost of wired transmission; sensors and instruments are used to collect parameters such as temperature, light intensity, voltage, current, etc. of photovoltaic power stations in real time, and the data is transmitted to the industrial intelligent gateway; the industrial intelligent gateway performs preliminary processing on the collected data and sends the data to the cloud platform or remote monitoring center through protocols such as MQTT. It is also possible to build a cloud platform or remote monitoring center so that users can view key data such as the operating status and power generation of photovoltaic power stations at any time; with the help of the cloud platform, users can remotely control the switches, gears and other equipment of photovoltaic power stations to realize the automatic management of power stations; and through real-time analysis of the collected data, the performance and operating status of photovoltaic power stations can be evaluated; by setting abnormal data intervals and alarm rules, potential problems can be discovered and handled in a timely manner to avoid the expansion of faults; using data analysis technology, the future operation of photovoltaic power stations can be predicted to provide decision support for expansion and upgrading.

[0216] Embodiment 2:

[0217] See also Figure 2 , a network layout system for a distributed photovoltaic power station, the system is applied to the method described in Example 1, the system comprising:

[0218] The candidate site confirmation unit 1 is used to obtain sunshine data of the target area and select an area with high annual average solar radiation and long sunshine time as a candidate site for a photovoltaic power station; the sunshine data includes sunshine time and solar radiation;

[0219] Furthermore, the alternative site confirmation unit 1 confirms the alternative site selection according to the following steps:

[0220] S11, collecting the maximum, minimum and average values ​​of sunshine duration in the target area to obtain sunshine duration data and peak sunshine duration data;

[0221] S12, collecting the annual average, monthly average and daily average of solar radiation in the target area to obtain solar radiation data;

[0222] S13. Based on the sunshine time data, peak sunshine time data and solar radiation data of the target area, one or more regions with high annual average solar radiation and long annual sunshine time are selected as candidate sites for photovoltaic module installation.

[0223] The climate suitable site confirmation unit 2 is used to obtain the climate conditions of the candidate sites, and select the areas that meet the climate suitability index from the candidate sites according to the performance parameters of the photovoltaic power station and the restriction condition that the climate conditions have the least impact on the performance of the photovoltaic power station;

[0224] Furthermore, the climate suitable area confirmation unit 2 screens areas that meet the climate suitability index according to the following steps:

[0225] S21. Determine the working range limit of the photovoltaic module according to the performance parameters of the photovoltaic module; the working range limit includes a normal working temperature range limit, a precipitation range limit, and a wind speed range limit;

[0226] S22, obtaining the climatic conditions of the candidate sites, matching the climatic conditions with the working range limits of the photovoltaic modules, and selecting areas that meet the climatic suitability index; the climatic conditions include temperature, wind speed and precipitation;

[0227] The areas that meet the climate suitability indicators are: areas where the annual average temperature, daily maximum temperature and daily minimum temperature are all within the normal operating temperature range limits of photovoltaic modules; areas where the annual average wind speed or maximum wind speed is within the wind speed range limits of photovoltaic modules; areas where the annual average precipitation is within the precipitation range limits.

[0228] The power station layout area confirmation unit 3 is used to obtain the land use status map of the area that meets the climate suitability index, and then select the land that can be used for the construction of photovoltaic power stations and evaluate the suitability, so as to obtain the layout area of ​​each photovoltaic power station;

[0229] Furthermore, the power station layout area confirmation unit 3 confirms the power station layout area according to the following steps:

[0230] S31. Obtain the current land use map of the area that meets the climate suitability index through geographic information system or remote sensing technology;

[0231] S32. Screening out land that can be used for photovoltaic power generation construction from the land use status map; the land that can be used for photovoltaic power generation construction includes unused land and industrial land;

[0232] S33. Assigning points and weights to factors that affect the construction of photovoltaic power stations in land that can be used for photovoltaic power generation construction to obtain a comprehensive score; the factors that affect the installation of photovoltaic modules include: land type, area, slope, slope direction, and shadow shielding;

[0233] The expression of the comprehensive score is as follows:

[0234] K=K 1 *M 1 +K 2 *M 2 +, ..., +K n *M n ;

[0235] Among them: K is the comprehensive score, K nM is the nth element in the factors affecting the installation of photovoltaic modules. n is the weight of the nth element;

[0236] S34. Using the score sequence of the comprehensive score as a selection object of suitability, each photovoltaic power generation layout area is obtained.

[0237] The installation mode confirmation unit 4 is used to analyze the topographical features of the layout area of ​​each photovoltaic power station and determine the installation mode of the photovoltaic power station equipment;

[0238] Further, the installation mode confirmation unit 4 confirms the installation mode according to the following steps:

[0239] S41. Select a corresponding installation method according to the slope conditions required for the installation of photovoltaic modules of the photovoltaic power station; the installation methods include: ground installation, roof installation, slope installation, floating installation, and customized installation;

[0240] S42, obtaining the topographic and geomorphic characteristics of the layout areas of each photovoltaic power station, and analyzing the topography, geomorphology, slope, slope direction, and shadow occlusion;

[0241] S43, determining the installation method of the photovoltaic modules based on the best installation method or the lowest installation cost in each photovoltaic power station layout area;

[0242] S44. Based on the annual solar radiation data of each photovoltaic power station layout area and according to the local latitude and seasonal changes in radiation angle, determine the installation angle of the photovoltaic module; the expression of the installation angle is as follows:

[0243] angle ins = lat + seaso angle ;

[0244] Where: angle ins is the installation angle, lat is the local latitude, season angle Adjust angles for the season;

[0245] S45. Determine the installation spacing of the photovoltaic modules according to the installation angle; the expression of the installation spacing is as follows:

[0246] spa=(L×angle ins ) / tan(angle ins );

[0247] Where: spa is the installation spacing, and L is the length of the photovoltaic panel in the photovoltaic module.

[0248] The installed capacity demand confirmation unit 5 is used to confirm the installed capacity, land area and grid access capacity based on the total installed capacity demand of the photovoltaic power station and the power demand of the layout area of ​​each photovoltaic power station and the land conditions of the layout area of ​​each photovoltaic power station;

[0249] Furthermore, the installation requirement confirmation unit 5 confirms the installation requirement according to the following steps:

[0250] S51. According to the total installed capacity demand of the photovoltaic power station, determine the installed capacity to be allocated to each photovoltaic power generation layout area; the expression of the installed capacity to be allocated is as follows:

[0251]

[0252] Where: S i is the installed capacity to be allocated; D i is the electricity demand of region i; T is the total installed capacity demand; n is the total number of regions; D j is the electricity demand of region j, j = 1, 2, ..., n;

[0253] S52. Based on the installed capacity to be allocated, determine the required land area and grid access capacity of the region; the expression of the required land area is as follows:

[0254] L i =S i ×A;

[0255] Where: L i is the required land area of ​​region i, and A is the required land area per kilowatt photovoltaic power station;

[0256] The expression of the grid access capacity is as follows:

[0257] E i =S i ×η;

[0258] Where: E i is the grid access capacity, and η is the grid connection efficiency.

[0259] The access point confirmation unit 6 is used to evaluate the receiving capacity of each photovoltaic power station layout area and adjust the installed capacity based on the installed capacity of each photovoltaic power station layout area, and then confirm the final access point of each photovoltaic power station layout area;

[0260] Further, the access point confirmation unit 6 adjusts the installed capacity and confirms the access point according to the following steps:

[0261] S61. Based on the installed capacity to be allocated to each photovoltaic power generation layout area, analyze its current and future acceptable capacity, and adjust the installed capacity under the condition that the capacity matching degree is less than 1; the expression of the capacity matching degree is as follows:

[0262]

[0263] Where: C is the capacity matching degree, S i is the installed capacity, G is the acceptable capacity of the power grid;

[0264] S62: Select several candidate access points based on the access point selection conditions of satisfying voltage level and being closest, analyze the reliability of the candidate access points, and confirm the final access point based on the access point confirmation condition of having the best reliability.

[0265] A photovoltaic cluster construction unit 7 is used to divide the photovoltaic power station layout areas with similar geographical locations, installed capacity and power generation characteristics into photovoltaic clusters to achieve coordinated control;

[0266] Furthermore, the photovoltaic cluster construction unit 7 constructs the photovoltaic cluster according to the following method:

[0267] By analyzing the geographical location, installed capacity and power generation characteristics of each photovoltaic power station layout area, photovoltaic power stations with similar geographical locations, installed capacity and power generation characteristics are divided into photovoltaic clusters, and a cluster operation management system is established to achieve coordinated control of the layout areas of each photovoltaic power station.

[0268] The line connection confirmation unit 8 is used to confirm the transmission line connection mode of each photovoltaic power station layout area based on the shortest transmission line, the least obstacles, the smallest line loss, and the maximum power output as the connection conditions of the transmission line, and complete the network layout of the distributed photovoltaic power station.

[0269] Furthermore, the line connection confirmation unit 8 confirms the line connection mode according to the following method:

[0270] The transmission line connection method in each photovoltaic power station layout area is determined based on the shortest transmission line and the least obstacles. The voltage level of the transmission line is determined based on the minimum line loss. At the same time, the transmission capacity of the transmission line is determined based on the condition of meeting the maximum power output of the photovoltaic power station.

[0271] Embodiment 3:

[0272] See also Figure 3 , in this embodiment, a network layout device for a distributed photovoltaic power station is also included, and the device includes a processor 9 and a memory 10;

[0273] The memory 10 is used to store the computer program code 101 and transmit the computer program code 101 to the processor 9;

[0274] The processor 9 is configured to execute the network layout method of the distributed photovoltaic power station described in Embodiment 1 according to the instructions in the computer program code 101 .

[0275] This embodiment also includes a computer-readable storage medium, in which computer-executable instructions are stored. When the computer-executable instructions are executed on a computer, the network layout method of the distributed photovoltaic power station described in Example 1 is implemented.

[0276] Generally speaking, the computer instructions for implementing the method of the present invention may be carried in any combination of one or more computer-readable storage media. Non-transitory computer-readable storage media may include any computer-readable media, except for the signal itself that is temporarily propagating.

[0277] The computer-readable storage medium may be, for example, but not limited to, an electrical, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, device or device, or any combination thereof. More specific examples of computer-readable storage media (a non-exhaustive list) include: an electrical connection with one or more wires, a portable computer disk, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EKROM or flash memory), an optical fiber, a portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination thereof. In the present invention, a computer-readable storage medium may be any tangible medium containing or storing a program that may be used by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, device, or device.

[0278] Computer program code for performing the operation of the present invention can be written in one or more programming languages ​​or a combination thereof, including object-oriented programming languages ​​such as Java, SMalltalk, C++, and conventional procedural programming languages ​​such as "C" or similar programming languages, in particular, Python suitable for neural network computing and platform frameworks based on TensorFlow, PyTorch, etc. can be used. The program code can be executed entirely on the user's computer, partially on the user's computer, as an independent software package, partially on the user's computer and partially on a remote computer, or entirely on a remote computer or server. In the case of a remote computer, the remote computer can be connected to the user's computer or to an external computer (for example, using an Internet service provider to connect via the Internet) through any type of network, including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN).

[0279] The above-mentioned device and non-temporary computer-readable storage medium can be found in the detailed description of a network layout method of a distributed photovoltaic power station and its beneficial effects, which will not be repeated here.

[0280] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it should be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limitations on the present invention. A person skilled in the art may change, modify, replace and vary the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A network layout method for a distributed photovoltaic power station, characterized in that: include: S1. Obtain sunshine data of the target area, and select an area with high annual average solar radiation and long sunshine time as an alternative site for a photovoltaic power station; the sunshine data includes sunshine time and solar radiation; S2. Obtain the climatic conditions of the candidate sites, and select the areas that meet the climatic suitability index from the candidate sites based on the performance parameters of the photovoltaic power station and with the minimum impact of the climatic conditions on the performance of the photovoltaic power station as the restriction condition; S3. Obtain the current land use map of the area that meets the climate suitability index, and then select the land that can be used for the construction of photovoltaic power stations and evaluate the suitability to obtain the layout area of ​​each photovoltaic power station; S4. Analyze the topographical features of the layout areas of each photovoltaic power station and determine the installation method of the photovoltaic power station equipment; S5. Based on the total installed capacity demand of photovoltaic power stations and the power demand of each photovoltaic power station layout area, and according to the land conditions of each photovoltaic power station layout area, confirm the installed capacity, land area and grid access capacity of each photovoltaic power station layout area; S6. Based on the installed capacity of each photovoltaic power station layout area, evaluate the acceptance capacity of each photovoltaic power station layout area and adjust the installed capacity, and then confirm the final access point of each photovoltaic power station layout area; S7. Divide the photovoltaic power station layout areas with similar geographical locations, installed capacity and power generation characteristics into photovoltaic clusters to achieve coordinated control; S8. Taking the shortest transmission line, the fewest obstacles, the smallest line loss and the maximum power output as the connection conditions of the transmission line, confirm the transmission line connection method of each photovoltaic power station layout area and complete the network layout of the distributed photovoltaic power station.

2. A distributed photovoltaic power station network layout method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step S1 specifically includes: S11, collecting the maximum, minimum and average values ​​of sunshine duration in the target area to obtain sunshine duration data and peak sunshine duration data; S12, collecting the annual average, monthly average and daily average of solar radiation in the target area to obtain solar radiation data; S13. Based on the sunshine time data, peak sunshine time data and solar radiation data of the target area, one or more regions with high annual average solar radiation and long annual sunshine time are selected as candidate sites for photovoltaic module installation.

3. The network layout method of a distributed photovoltaic power station according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step S2 specifically includes: S21. Determine the working range limit of the photovoltaic module according to the performance parameters of the photovoltaic module; the working range limit includes a normal working temperature range limit, a precipitation range limit, and a wind speed range limit; S22, obtaining the climatic conditions of the candidate sites, matching the climatic conditions with the working range limits of the photovoltaic modules, and selecting areas that meet the climatic suitability index; the climatic conditions include temperature, wind speed and precipitation; The areas that meet the climate suitability indicators are: areas where the annual average temperature, daily maximum temperature and daily minimum temperature are all within the normal operating temperature range limits of photovoltaic modules; areas where the annual average wind speed or maximum wind speed is within the wind speed range limits of photovoltaic modules; areas where the annual average precipitation is within the precipitation range limits.

4. A distributed photovoltaic power station network layout method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step S3 specifically includes: S31. Obtain the current land use map of the area that meets the climate suitability index through geographic information system or remote sensing technology; S32. Screening out land that can be used for photovoltaic power generation construction from the land use status map; the land that can be used for photovoltaic power generation construction includes unused land and industrial land; S33. Assigning points and weights to factors that affect the construction of photovoltaic power stations in land that can be used for photovoltaic power generation construction to obtain a comprehensive score; the factors that affect the installation of photovoltaic modules include: land type, area, slope, slope direction, and shadow shielding; The expression of the comprehensive score is as follows: K=K1*M1+K2*M2+,…,+K n *M n ; Among them: K is the comprehensive score, K n M is the nth element in the factors affecting the installation of photovoltaic modules. n is the weight of the nth element; S34. Using the score sequence of the comprehensive score as a selection object of suitability, each photovoltaic power generation layout area is obtained.

5. The network layout method of a distributed photovoltaic power station according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step S4 specifically includes: S41. Select a corresponding installation method according to the slope conditions required for the installation of photovoltaic modules of the photovoltaic power station; the installation methods include: ground installation, roof installation, slope installation, floating installation, and customized installation; S42, obtaining the topographic and geomorphic characteristics of the layout areas of each photovoltaic power station, and analyzing the topography, geomorphology, slope, slope direction, and shadow occlusion; S43, determining the installation method of the photovoltaic modules based on the best installation method or the lowest installation cost in each photovoltaic power station layout area; S44. Based on the annual solar radiation data of each photovoltaic power station layout area and according to the local latitude and seasonal changes in radiation angle, determine the installation angle of the photovoltaic module; the expression of the installation angle is as follows: angle ins =lat+season angle ; Where: angle ins is the installation angle, lat is the local latitude, season angle Adjust angles for the season; S45. Determine the installation spacing of the photovoltaic modules according to the installation angle; the expression of the installation spacing is as follows: spa=(L×angle ins ) / tan(angle ins ); Where: spa is the installation spacing, and L is the length of the photovoltaic panel in the photovoltaic module.

6. A distributed photovoltaic power station network layout method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step S5 specifically includes: S51. According to the total installed capacity demand of the photovoltaic power station, determine the installed capacity to be allocated to each photovoltaic power generation layout area; the expression of the installed capacity to be allocated is as follows: Where: S i is the installed capacity to be allocated; D i is the electricity demand of region i; T is the total installed capacity demand; n is the total number of regions; D j is the electricity demand of region j, j = 1, 2, ..., n; S52. Based on the installed capacity to be allocated, confirm the land area and grid access capacity required for the region; The expression for the required occupied land area is as follows: Li=S i ×A; Where: L i is the required land area of ​​region i, and A is the required land area per kilowatt photovoltaic power station; The expression of the grid access capacity is as follows: E i =S i ×η; Where: E i is the grid access capacity, and η is the grid connection efficiency.

7. A distributed photovoltaic power station network layout method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step S6 specifically includes: S61. Based on the installed capacity to be allocated to each photovoltaic power generation layout area, analyze its current and future acceptable capacity, and adjust the installed capacity under the condition that the capacity matching degree is less than 1; the expression of the capacity matching degree is as follows: Where: C is the capacity matching degree, S i is the installed capacity, G is the acceptable capacity of the power grid; S62: Select several candidate access points based on the access point selection conditions of satisfying voltage level and being closest, analyze the reliability of the candidate access points, and confirm the final access point based on the access point confirmation condition of having the best reliability.

8. A distributed photovoltaic power station network layout method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step S7 specifically refers to: by analyzing the geographical location, installed capacity and power generation characteristics of each photovoltaic power station layout area, photovoltaic power stations with similar geographical locations, installed capacity and power generation characteristics are divided into photovoltaic clusters, and a cluster operation management system is established to achieve coordinated control of the layout areas of each photovoltaic power station.

9. A distributed photovoltaic power station network layout method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step S8 specifically refers to: determining the transmission line connection mode of each photovoltaic power station layout area under the condition of the shortest transmission line and the least obstacles, and determining the voltage level of the transmission line under the condition of minimum line loss, and determining the transmission capacity of the transmission line under the condition of meeting the maximum power output of the photovoltaic power station.

10. A network layout system for a distributed photovoltaic power station, characterized in that: The system is applied to the method described in any one of claims 1 to 9, and the system comprises: The candidate site confirmation unit (1) is used to obtain sunshine data of a target area and select an area with high annual average solar radiation and long sunshine time as a candidate site for a photovoltaic power station; the sunshine data includes sunshine time and solar radiation; A climate suitable site confirmation unit (2) is used to obtain the climate conditions of the candidate sites, and select the area that meets the climate suitability index from the candidate sites based on the performance parameters of the photovoltaic power station and taking the climate conditions having the least impact on the performance of the photovoltaic power station as a restriction condition; The power station layout area confirmation unit (3) is used to obtain a land use status map of the area that meets the climate suitability index, and then select the land that can be used for the construction of photovoltaic power stations and evaluate the suitability, so as to obtain the layout area of ​​each photovoltaic power station; An installation method confirmation unit (4) is used to analyze the topographical features of the layout area of ​​each photovoltaic power station and determine the installation method of the photovoltaic power station equipment; The installed capacity demand confirmation unit (5) is used to confirm the installed capacity, land area and grid access capacity based on the total installed capacity demand of the photovoltaic power station and the power demand of the layout area of ​​each photovoltaic power station and the land conditions of the layout area of ​​each photovoltaic power station; An access point confirmation unit (6) is used to evaluate the receiving capacity of each photovoltaic power station layout area and adjust the installed capacity based on the installed capacity of each photovoltaic power station layout area, and then confirm the final access point of each photovoltaic power station layout area; A photovoltaic cluster construction unit (7) is used to divide the photovoltaic power station layout areas with similar geographical locations, installed capacity and power generation characteristics into photovoltaic clusters to achieve coordinated control; The line connection confirmation unit (8) is used to confirm the transmission line connection mode of each photovoltaic power station layout area based on the shortest transmission line, the least obstacles, the smallest line loss, and the maximum power output as the connection conditions of the transmission line, and complete the network layout of the distributed photovoltaic power station.

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