Potato and highland barley straw three-film planting cultivation method

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of potato planting, and discloses a potato and highland barley straw three-film planting cultivation method, which comprises the following steps: cleaning and removing preceding crops in soil, sterilizing the soil, carrying out high-temperature treatment, soaking potatoes in a gibberellin solution, fishing out the potatoes, draining water, cutting the potatoes into blocks, and accelerating germination; the method comprises the following steps: preparing a mother solution from a potato seed dressing agent to coat potato seeds, sowing the potato seeds coated with the potato seeds with buds facing upwards, applying a seed fertilizer, increasing the row spacing, reducing the plant spacing, covering the potatoes with soil and ridging, arranging seeds, covering with soil, covering with straw grass, covering with soil, increasing the height of ridges, sealing a herbicide and covering with a mulching film, and waiting for the potato seedlings to emerge. The potato planting and cultivating process is completed; the problems that in the prior art, soil moisture evaporation is fast, weeds affect nutrient absorption of potatoes, soil fertility is low, and the temperature difference change resisting effect of soil is not ideal are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of potato planting, in particular to a potato, highland barley straw and grass triple-film planting cultivation method. Background Art

[0002] Potato tubers contain 8-29% starch, protein, minerals, vitamins and other nutrients. They have good yield and wide adaptability. They have gradually become an important food, vegetable, feed and industrial raw material for mankind. It can be said that potatoes will be one of the most promising major crops in the 21st century.

[0003] At present, the main method of planting potatoes is to cover the soil after sowing to resist severe cold and heat. However, the effect of single soil covering to resist temperature changes is not ideal, and the moisture of the soil cannot be guaranteed. Due to only single soil covering, the fertility of the soil often cannot meet the needs of potatoes, resulting in low yields and often leading to waste of fertilizers. Therefore, a potato planting method is needed that can delay soil heat loss, reduce the impact of day and night temperature differences on potatoes, maintain soil moisture and increase soil fertility. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention aims to provide a potato, highland barley straw and grass three-film planting cultivation method to solve the problems in the prior art of fast evaporation of soil moisture, weeds affecting potato nutrient absorption, low soil fertility, and unsatisfactory soil resistance to temperature differences.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following method:

[0006] The present invention provides a potato, highland barley straw and grass three-film planting cultivation method:

[0007] S1: Clean and remove the previous crops in the soil, sterilize and treat the soil with high temperature;

[0008] S2: Soak the potatoes in a gibberellin solution, then remove them from the water and cut them into pieces for germination;

[0009] S3: using a potato seed dressing agent to prepare a mother solution to coat the seed potatoes;

[0010] S4: sowing the coated potatoes with the sprouts facing upwards, applying fertilizer, increasing row spacing, reducing plant spacing, first covering the potatoes with soil and ridges + placing seeds + covering with soil + covering with straw and grass + covering with soil - ridge height + sealing herbicide + covering with mulch film, waiting for the potatoes to emerge, and completing the potato planting and cultivation process.

[0011] Preferably, the step of sterilizing and high temperature treating the soil comprises:

[0012] Use thiophanate-methyl or carbendazim to mix with the soil and spread it on the soil; after mixing with thiophanate-methyl or carbendazim and spreading it on the soil, cover it with plastic film and treat it with high temperature.

[0013] Preferably, the step of soaking potatoes in a gibberellin solution is: soaking potatoes in a 5-8 PPM gibberellin solution for 3-5 minutes.

[0014] Preferably, after the potatoes are taken out after being soaked in the gibberellin solution, the water is controlled and the potatoes are cut into pieces for germination, and the germination temperature is 15-20°C.

[0015] Preferably, the potato seed dressing agent solution is used in a ratio of 1:100 to form a mother solution.

[0016] Preferably, the mother liquor components also include dissolving 5g of urea, 5g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.1g of trace elements in the potato seed dressing solution.

[0017] Preferably, the conditions for sowing the coated seed potatoes are as follows: the surface temperature at 10 cm reaches > 7°C; and the potatoes are sown at a soil depth of 10 cm with their sprouts facing upward.

[0018] Preferably, the amount of fertilizer used in the fertilizer planting process is: 100 catties / mu of organic fertilizer + 60 catties / mu of NPK compound fertilizer in a ratio of 15:15:20 + trace elements.

[0019] Preferably, the steps of increasing row spacing and decreasing plant spacing include: increasing row spacing between potatoes to 80 cm and decreasing plant spacing between potatoes to 20 cm.

[0020] Preferably, after increasing the row spacing by 80 cm and reducing the plant spacing by 20 cm, the potatoes are covered with soil and ridged by 10 cm, and the seeds are placed. Then, the soil is covered by 15 cm, and after covering with straw and grass by 6 cm, the soil is covered by 10 cm again, and the final ridge height is 30 cm. Herbicides are sprayed on the ridge surface when it is moist, and the ridge is covered with ground film to seal the herbicide, thereby completing the potato planting and cultivation process.

[0021] The beneficial effects of the present invention are embodied in the following aspects: temperature regulation: three-film covering (ground film, small arch shed film, large shed film) and covering with highland barley straw can significantly increase soil temperature and near-ground air temperature. In winter or early spring when the temperature is low, this warming effect provides suitable heat conditions for the growth of potatoes. Compared with traditional open-field planting, the effective accumulated temperature is greatly increased, so that potatoes can be sown and harvested in advance. In plateau areas with low temperatures, the soil temperature can be increased by about 5-10°C, and the sowing period can be advanced by 1-2 weeks. The relatively stable temperature environment formed by multi-layer covering reduces the adverse effects of the temperature difference between day and night on potato growth, which is conducive to the continuous and stable expansion of potato tubers.

[0022] In terms of moisture conservation and water utilization: mulching can effectively reduce soil moisture evaporation. In arid or semi-arid areas, this can significantly maintain soil moisture and reduce the number of irrigation times. In addition, the mulching of highland barley straw further inhibits water evaporation, and highland barley straw can absorb and store a certain amount of precipitation, slowly releasing it when the soil is short of water, thereby improving water utilization efficiency. This moisture conservation effect can ensure that potatoes have a relatively sufficient water supply during their growth, promote plant growth and increase tuber yield, and generally increase water utilization efficiency by about 20%-30%.

[0023] In terms of weed control: Mulch and barley straw can effectively inhibit weed growth. Mulch prevents weed seeds from coming into contact with sunlight and air, making it difficult for them to germinate; barley straw covers the ground, forming a physical barrier that is also not conducive to weed growth. This reduces the competition between weeds and potatoes for nutrients, water and light, and reduces weed control costs.

[0024] Soil fertility: Highland barley straw gradually decomposes in the soil, which can increase the content of soil organic matter. As the straw decays, it releases a variety of nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, which improves the soil structure and makes the soil more loose and breathable, which is conducive to the growth of potato roots and the development of tubers. Long-term use can improve soil fertility and the physical and chemical properties of the soil.

[0025] Yield and quality: Due to the improvement of temperature, water, soil fertility and other conditions, the yield of potatoes has increased significantly. Generally speaking, this technology can increase the yield by 30%-50% compared with traditional planting methods. The stable growth environment and sufficient nutrient supply also improve the quality of potatoes, with more uniform tuber size, better appearance quality, and improved internal quality indicators such as starch content. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following is a brief introduction to the drawings required for the specific embodiments or the description of the prior art. In all the drawings, similar elements or parts are generally identified by similar reference numerals. In the drawings, the elements or parts are not necessarily drawn according to the actual scale.

[0027] Figure 1 The present invention provides a schematic flow chart of a potato, highland barley straw and grass three-film planting cultivation method. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] In order to make the technical personnel in the technical field better understand the scheme of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in combination with the drawings in the embodiment of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiment is only a part of the embodiment of the present invention, not all the embodiments. Based on the embodiment of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] The terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification and claims of the present invention and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish different objects rather than to describe a specific order. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, method, device, product or end including a series of steps or units is not limited to the listed steps or units, but may optionally include steps or units that are not listed, or may optionally include other steps or units inherent to these processes, methods, products or ends.

[0030] Reference to "embodiments" herein means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in conjunction with the embodiments may be included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. The appearance of the phrase in various places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it an independent or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It is explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.

[0031] At present, the main method of planting potatoes is to cover the soil after sowing to resist severe cold and heat. However, the effect of single soil covering to resist temperature changes is not ideal, and the moisture of the soil cannot be guaranteed. Due to only single soil covering, the fertility of the soil often cannot meet the needs of potatoes, resulting in low yields and often leading to waste of fertilizers. Therefore, a potato planting method is needed that can delay soil heat loss, reduce the impact of day and night temperature differences on potatoes, maintain soil moisture and increase soil fertility.

[0032] The present invention aims to provide a potato, highland barley straw and grass three-film planting cultivation method to solve the problems in the prior art of fast evaporation of soil moisture, weeds affecting potato nutrient absorption, low soil fertility, and unsatisfactory soil resistance to temperature differences.

[0033] like Figure 1 As shown, a specific embodiment of the present invention provides a potato and highland barley straw three-film planting cultivation method, the method comprising the following steps:

[0034] S1: Clean and remove the previous crops in the soil, and sterilize and treat the soil with high temperature.

[0035] In the embodiment of the present invention, thiophanate-methyl or carbendazim is mixed with soil and spread on the soil; after thiophanate-methyl or carbendazim is mixed with soil and spread on the soil, it is covered with a plastic film and treated at high temperature.

[0036] S2: Soak potatoes in gibberellin solution, then take them out, drain the water and cut them into pieces for germination.

[0037] In an embodiment of the present invention, the step of soaking potatoes in a gibberellin solution is as follows: soaking potatoes in a 5-8 PPM gibberellin solution for 3-5 minutes; taking out the potatoes soaked in the gibberellin solution, drying the water, and cutting into pieces for germination at a germination temperature of 15-20°C.

[0038] S3: Use potato seed dressing agent to prepare mother solution for seed potato coating.

[0039] In an embodiment of the present invention, a potato seed dressing solution is used in a ratio of 1:100 to prepare a mother liquor; the mother liquor components also include 5g of urea, 5g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 0.1g of trace elements dissolved in the potato seed dressing solution.

[0040] S4: Sow the coated seed potatoes with the sprouts facing upwards, then apply fertilizer, increase row spacing, reduce plant spacing, first cover the potatoes with soil to make ridges + place seeds + cover with soil + cover with straw and grass + cover with soil - ridge height + seal with herbicide + cover with mulch film, wait for the potatoes to emerge, and complete the potato planting and cultivation process.

[0041] In the embodiment of the present invention, the conditions for sowing the potatoes after coating the seed potatoes are as follows: the surface temperature of 10 cm reaches>7°C; the potatoes are sown at a soil depth of 10 cm so that the potato sprouts face upward; the amount of fertilizer used in the planting and fertilization process is: 100 catties / mu of organic fertilizer + 60 catties / mu of NPK compound fertilizer with a ratio of 15:15:20 + trace elements; the row spacing between potatoes is increased to 80 cm, and the plant spacing between potatoes is reduced to 20 cm; After increasing the row spacing by 80cm and reducing the plant spacing by 20cm, the potatoes are covered with soil and ridged by 10cm, and then the seeds are placed. Then, the soil is covered by 15cm, and then by 6cm of straw grass, and then by 10cm again. Finally, the ridge height is 30cm. Herbicides are sprayed on the ridge surface under the condition of wetness, and the mulch film is covered to seal the herbicides, and the potato planting and cultivation process is completed. Highland barley straw is spread on the surface of the soil where potatoes are planted, just like a thick quilt covering the soil. There are many tiny gaps inside it, which can store air. Air is a poor conductor of heat and can effectively slow down the rate of heat loss from the soil, thus providing a relatively warm soil environment for potato seed potatoes or seedlings in winter and helping them resist the cold temperatures. During the day, highland barley straw can block solar radiation from directly heating the soil surface, preventing the soil temperature from being too high and affecting the growth of potatoes. At night, it can prevent the heat from the soil from being quickly dissipated into the atmosphere, reducing the temperature difference between day and night. This regulation of temperature changes is conducive to the growth of potato roots in a relatively stable temperature environment and reduces the physiological damage to potatoes caused by sudden temperature changes. Covering with highland barley straw can reduce the evaporation of soil moisture. The air is relatively dry in winter, and the moisture in the soil can easily be lost to the atmosphere. After the straw is covered on the soil surface, it can hinder the direct evaporation of water to a certain extent and maintain the humidity of the soil. This is not only conducive to the absorption of water by potatoes, but also moist soil has better thermal insulation properties than dry soil. The two complement each other and provide a suitable environment for potato growth. Over time, highland barley straw will gradually decompose on the soil surface. During the decomposition process, some organic matter and nutrients, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, etc., will be released, which can be absorbed by the soil and increase the fertility of the soil. Fertile soil is conducive to the growth of potatoes, and the improvement of soil fertility can also enhance the cold resistance of potatoes to a certain extent.

[0042] Embodiment 1

[0043] 1. Planting in the experimental field

[0044] Experimental planting varieties: Kexin No. 1, Longshu No. 7, Lishu No. 6, Ji Zhangshu No. 12, Longshu No. 10, and Emma Potato No. 1.

[0045] Test location: No. 10 greenhouse test site of the Municipal Agricultural Science Institute, with a greenhouse area of ​​557 m2.

[0046] The planting land is yellow loam, the soil is poor, and it is deep plowed to 20 cm before sowing. 80 catties of organic fertilizer and 600 catties of farmyard manure are spread, and 6 catties of urea, 18 catties of potassium sulfate, and 20 catties of diammonium phosphate are spread in each plot.

[0047] There are three potato sowing dates: February 19, 2020, March 8, 2020, and March 21, 2020. The potato is planted in a single ridge with a row spacing of 30cm*100cm. The area of ​​the plot is 5m*6m=30 square meters. The sowing amount in the plot is 192 seeds, the sowing depth is 20cm, and the ridge height is 30cm.

[0048] 2. Potato field management

[0049] Sowing period 1: Watering 5 times, watering during the seedling stage on March 26, April 6, May 26, June 15, and June 29. On May 11, the mulch was opened, inter-cultivation and weeding were carried out, and vermiculite was used to build up the soil once. The second inter-cultivation and soiling was carried out on June 9, and manual weeding was carried out once on June 29.

[0050] Sowing period 2: Watering 4 times, watering during the seedling stage on April 30, watering on May 27, June 15, and June 29, and removing the mulch on May 11, carrying out inter-cultivation and weeding, and using vermiculite to cultivate the soil once;

[0051] Sowing period 3: Watering 4 times, watering during the seedling stage on May 11, May 28, June 18, July 7, lifting the mulch on June 8, carrying out inter-row cultivation and weeding, soiling once, and manual weeding once on June 29;

[0052] Table 1 Growth performance of potato varieties covered with three films and one grass during the growth period

[0053]

[0054]

[0055]

[0056]

[0057] Table 2 Economic performance of potato varieties covered with three films and one grass

[0058]

[0059] 3. Potato planting at the demonstration site in Qiare Village, Ai Ma Township, Namulin County

[0060] Experimental planting varieties: Kexin No. 1, Holland No. 7, Lishu No. 6, Ji Zhangshu No. 12, and Longshu No. 7.

[0061] Test location: Greenhouse in Qiare Village, Aima Township, Namulin County, with an area of ​​1.6 acres (2 greenhouses)

[0062] The planting plot is sandy loam and the soil is fertile. Before sowing, 120 catties of organic fertilizer, catties of urea, catties of potassium sulfate, and catties of diammonium phosphate were spread.

[0063] Potato sowing date: March 20, 2020, adopt single ridge double row planting with plant spacing of 30cm*90cm, sowing depth of 20cm. The area of ​​the plot is 7m*6m=42 square meters, the sowing amount of the plot is 276 seeds, the sowing depth is 20cm, and the ridge height is 30cm.

[0064] 4. Potato field management

[0065] Sowing was done on March 20, irrigation was done 3 times, watering was done on May 7 during the seedling stage, on May 23 (irrigation after frost damage), on May 28 (irrigation after frost damage), and the mulch was uncovered on April 21. Frost damage occurred once on May 9, with a frost damage rate of 30%. On May 12, intertillage, weeding and soiling were carried out once, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate was sprayed. Severe frost damage occurred on May 28, with a frost damage rate of 60%. Irrigation was done once on May 28, and amino acid foliar fertilizer was sprayed. Intertillage, weeding and soiling were carried out once on June 29.

[0066] Table 3 Growth performance of potato varieties in the Nanmulin demonstration site covered with three films and one grass

[0067]

[0068] Table 4 Economic performance of potato varieties covered with three films and one grass

[0069]

[0070]

[0071] The beneficial effects of the present invention are embodied in the following aspects: temperature regulation: three-film covering (ground film, small arch shed film, large shed film) and covering with highland barley straw can significantly increase soil temperature and near-ground air temperature. In winter or early spring when the temperature is low, this warming effect provides suitable heat conditions for the growth of potatoes. Compared with traditional open-field planting, the effective accumulated temperature is greatly increased, so that potatoes can be sown and harvested in advance. In plateau areas with low temperatures, the soil temperature can be increased by about 5-10°C, and the sowing period can be advanced by 1-2 weeks. The relatively stable temperature environment formed by multi-layer covering reduces the adverse effects of the temperature difference between day and night on potato growth, which is conducive to the continuous and stable expansion of potato tubers.

[0072] In terms of moisture conservation and water utilization: mulching can effectively reduce soil moisture evaporation. In arid or semi-arid areas, this can significantly maintain soil moisture and reduce the number of irrigation times. In addition, the mulching of highland barley straw further inhibits water evaporation, and highland barley straw can absorb and store a certain amount of precipitation, slowly releasing it when the soil is short of water, thereby improving water utilization efficiency. This moisture conservation effect can ensure that potatoes have a relatively sufficient water supply during their growth, promote plant growth and increase tuber yield, and generally increase water utilization efficiency by about 20%-30%.

[0073] In terms of weed control: Mulch and barley straw can effectively inhibit weed growth. Mulch prevents weed seeds from coming into contact with sunlight and air, making it difficult for them to germinate; barley straw covers the ground, forming a physical barrier that is also not conducive to weed growth. This reduces the competition between weeds and potatoes for nutrients, water and light, and reduces weed control costs.

[0074] Soil fertility: Highland barley straw gradually decomposes in the soil, which can increase the content of soil organic matter. As the straw decays, it releases a variety of nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, which improves the soil structure and makes the soil more loose and breathable, which is conducive to the growth of potato roots and the development of tubers. Long-term use can improve soil fertility and the physical and chemical properties of the soil.

[0075] Yield and quality: Due to the improvement of temperature, water, soil fertility and other conditions, the yield of potatoes has increased significantly. Generally speaking, this technology can increase the yield by 30%-50% compared with traditional planting methods. The stable growth environment and sufficient nutrient supply also improve the quality of potatoes, with more uniform tuber size, better appearance quality, and improved internal quality indicators such as starch content.

[0076] The above is only an embodiment of the present invention, and the common knowledge such as the known specific technical schemes or characteristics in the scheme is not described in detail here; it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, several modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the scheme of the present invention, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the present invention and the practicality of the patent. The protection scope required by this application shall be based on the content of its claims, and the specific implementation methods and other records in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A potato, highland barley straw and grass three-film planting cultivation method, It is characterized in that The method comprises: S1: Clean and remove the previous crops in the soil, sterilize and treat the soil with high temperature; S2: Soak the potatoes in a gibberellin solution, then remove them from the water and cut them into pieces for germination; S3: using a potato seed dressing agent to prepare a mother solution to coat the seed potatoes; S4: sowing the coated potatoes with the sprouts facing upwards, applying fertilizer, increasing row spacing, reducing plant spacing, first covering the potatoes with soil and ridges + placing seeds + covering with soil + covering with straw and grass + covering with soil - ridge height + sealing herbicide + covering with mulch film, waiting for the potatoes to emerge, and completing the potato planting and cultivation process.

2. A potato, highland barley straw and grass three-film planting cultivation method according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The step of sterilizing and high temperature treating the soil comprises: Use chlorothalonil or carbendazim to mix with the soil and spread on the soil; Use thiophanate-methyl or carbendazim to mix with the soil and spread it, then cover it with plastic film and treat it at high temperature.

3. A potato, highland barley straw and grass three-film planting cultivation method according to claim 1, Features: The step of soaking potatoes in the gibberellin solution is as follows: soaking potatoes in the gibberellin solution of 5-8 PPM for 3-5 minutes.

4. A potato, highland barley straw and grass three-film planting cultivation method according to claim 1, Features: After the potatoes are soaked in the gibberellin solution, they are taken out, the water is controlled, and the potatoes are cut into pieces for germination. The germination temperature is 15-20°C.

5. A potato, highland barley straw and grass three-film planting cultivation method according to claim 1, Features: The potato seed dressing agent solution is used in a ratio of 1:100 to form a mother solution.

6. A potato, highland barley straw and grass three-film planting cultivation method according to claim 5, Features: The mother liquor components also include dissolving 5g of urea, 5g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.1g of trace elements in the potato seed dressing solution.

7. A potato, highland barley straw and grass three-film planting cultivation method according to claim 1, Features: The conditions for sowing the coated seed potatoes are as follows: the surface temperature of 10 cm reaches > 7°C; and the potatoes are sown at a soil depth of 10 cm with their sprouts facing upward.

8. A potato, highland barley straw and grass three-film planting cultivation method according to claim 1, Features: The amount of fertilizer used in the planting and fertilization process is: 100 catties / mu of organic fertilizer + 60 catties / mu of NPK compound fertilizer with a ratio of 15:15:20 + trace elements.

9. A potato, highland barley straw and grass three-film planting cultivation method according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The steps of increasing row spacing and decreasing plant spacing include: increasing row spacing between potatoes to 80 cm and decreasing plant spacing between potatoes to 20 cm.

10. A potato, highland barley straw and grass three-film planting cultivation method according to claim 9, Features: After increasing the row spacing by 80cm and reducing the plant spacing by 20cm, cover the potatoes with soil and ridge them by 10cm, place the seeds, and then cover them with soil by 15cm, cover them with straw and grass by 6cm, and then cover them with soil again by 10cm, and finally the ridge height is 30cm; Spray herbicides on the ridge surface when it is moist, cover it with mulch film to seal the herbicides, and complete the potato planting and cultivation process.

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