Method for preventing and controlling soft rot of amorphophallus konjac and / or increasing yield of amorphophallus konjac

Abstract

The invention provides a method for preventing and controlling soft rot of amorphophallus konjac and / or increasing the yield of amorphophallus konjac, and belongs to the technical field of plant disease prevention and control. The method comprises the following steps: (1) spreading a novel biochar soil conditioner on a planting land; (2) ridging on the planting land, and spreading a konjak controlled-release formula fertilizer on ridges; and (3) digging a pond on the ridges and planting konjak. According to the method, the morbidity and the disease index of the soft rot of the konjak are remarkably reduced, the yield of the konjak is increased, the technical problem that the soft rot of the continuous cropping konjak is extremely prone to breeding and spreading is effectively solved, and a technical basis is provided for fundamentally solving large outbreak of the soft rot of the continuous cropping konjak.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of plant disease prevention and control, and in particular to a method for preventing and controlling konjac soft rot and / or increasing konjac yield. Background Art

[0002] Konjac is a perennial herbaceous plant of the genus Amorphophallus in the family Araceae. It is currently the only plant that can be used to extract glucomannan in large quantities. It is mainly distributed in China, Japan and Southeast Asian countries. Konjac glucomannan is a soluble hemifiber that effectively absorbs cholesterol and bile acid, inhibits the intestinal absorption of cholesterol and bile acid, and prevents obesity, three highs, diabetes and other unique effects. It is called the "intestinal scavenger" and is identified by the World Health Organization as one of the top ten health foods. The dietary fiber it contains is named by the WHO as the seventh nutritional element for the human body.

[0003] However, the total volume of konjac cultivation has not increased significantly. If 15 tons of fresh konjac are used to produce 1 ton of refined flour, the yield of commercial fresh konjac per mu is only about 0.3 tons per mu, which is only equivalent to the amount of seeds used. It is a crop that is truly "widely planted but yields little".

[0004] Amorphophallus konjac Erwinia carotovorasubsp.carotovora , Ecc) is the main reason for the reduction or even total crop failure of konjac. The disease is serious and is prone to outbreak, rapid development and incurable in large-scale continuous planting. Konjac soft rot (Ecc) is a bacterial soil-borne disease. As one of the key pathogenic factors of devastating konjac, the disease is prone to disease in all links from planting to storage and transportation. According to the survey, the average disease rate of soft rot in konjac planting bases is more than 35%, and the production reduction is 30-70%. In severe cases, there is even a large-scale crop failure, causing heavy economic losses and seriously dampening the enthusiasm of farmers to plant konjac. At present, there is no effective prevention and control method for this "stubborn disease" at home and abroad. Therefore, the development of a planting method that effectively controls the soft rot of konjac has great potential application value and practical production technology significance for the development of konjac planting industry and even the entire konjac industry.

[0005] Biofertilizer and biopesticide technologies with biocontrol bacteria technology as the core are favored by researchers in the prevention and control of konjac soft rot because of their environmental protection, safety, high efficiency, and compliance with ecological control, and have achieved certain practical results. However, the effect of biocontrol bacteria technology is unstable, and the technology of strain rejuvenation, survival, colonization, and efficacy is complex and highly specific. The existing technology is difficult to truly solve the key technical problem that konjac soft rot is more serious due to large-scale continuous planting of konjac. Moreover, biofertilizers have problems such as low standardization, uneven product quality, and difficulty in supervision and regulation. In agricultural production practice, they have been used many times and have the effect of "pathogen culture medium". Therefore, in actual production, the majority of farmers and small farmers who grow konjac basically abandon and reject bio-fertilizers, and often adopt the traditional method of high-frequency application of pesticides (1 to 2 times a week) to alleviate konjac soft rot. However, this method fails to fundamentally eliminate and alleviate konjac soft rot, and also results in serious excessive pesticide residues and heavy metals in the products, the quality and safety of commercial konjac cannot be guaranteed, konjac cultivation and production are more dependent on chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and the planting benefits are declining year by year, resulting in a vicious circle. The konjac industry is becoming increasingly unsustainable.

[0006] Therefore, in view of the characteristics of konjac soft rot bacterial soil-borne diseases, providing a product that can improve soil properties may be the key to fundamentally eliminate and mitigate konjac soft rot. Products that improve soil properties mainly include: straw organic fertilizer, biochar soil conditioner, straw composite microbial organic fertilizer, charcoal-based biological organic fertilizer, charcoal-based composite microbial fertilizer, livestock and poultry manure biological organic fertilizer and livestock and poultry manure composite microbial fertilizer, etc. However, the above-mentioned products that improve soil properties also have many problems.

[0007] The straw organic fertilizer commonly used in konjac cultivation is mainly made from vegetable waste, wheat straw, rice straw, corn straw and other common straw piles. Because it is common straw, a large number of common crop allelopathic toxins will be produced during the organic fermentation and composting process. Long-term application will lead to the accumulation of crop allelopathic toxins, inhibit the reproduction and proliferation of beneficial bacteria and microorganisms, lead to an imbalance in the soil microecological structure, and aggravate the development of diseases caused by repeated cropping. In addition, most common straws do not have active ingredients that inhibit bacteria and insecticides, have a high carbon content, and require a large amount of N sources to be added during the fermentation process. The N source mainly comes from mixed livestock and poultry manure. Livestock and poultry manure is not easy to ferment completely, and there is a "difficult" problem of pathogen "culture medium" in the application of konjac cultivation. The superimposed effect of "toxic" straw and "toxic and bacterial" livestock and poultry manure in konjac cultivation lays hidden dangers for the outbreak of pests and diseases. In addition, the preparation of common straw bio-organic fertilizers also has problems such as non-localized microbial functional strains, poor adaptability, low degree of standardization in the production of microbial agents, difficulty in colonization and survival to form dominant strains, unstable efficacy, high prices, and low social recognition.

[0008] Most biochar soil conditioners are straw biochar, which has the defects of low carbon content, high salt content and high ash content. In addition, they mainly use the biochar itself to improve soil and fertilize the soil. They have low biological activity, poor adsorption, relatively poor water and fertilizer retention properties, and relatively poor soil improvement effects.

[0009] Straw composite microbial organic fertilizer is made from common "poisonous" straw and "poisonous and bacterial" livestock and poultry manure. The preparation of composite microbial fertilizer is based on simple mixed fertilizers. The proportion of chemical fertilizer addition is relatively high, and it does not pay attention to the inhibitory effect of salt in high fertilizer proportions on functional microorganisms. It also does not pay attention to the key technical problem that organic matter mainly adsorbs cations and is difficult to adsorb and fix nitrate nitrogen. In actual application, there are still key technical problems such as easy leaching of nitrogen nutrients, difficulty in fully exerting the water and fertilizer retention effects, low activity of functional microorganisms, and weak disease inhibition.

[0010] Carbon-based bio-organic fertilizer is mainly prepared by mixing biochar with livestock and poultry manure fermented organic fertilizer. There are problems such as incomplete fermentation of livestock and poultry manure, complex composition of carbon-based bio-organic fertilizer, low degree of standardization, stench, and problems of toxins and bacteria. After application, crop diseases and insect pests are easy to breed and spread, water and fertilizer retention performance is poor, fertilizer efficiency is unstable, and there are potential ecological risks of heavy metals, hormones, and antibiotics.

[0011] The proportion of chemical fertilizer added in carbon-based composite microbial fertilizer is too high, and no attention is paid to the inhibitory effect of salt on functional microorganisms due to high chemical fertilizer proportions, nor to the key technical problem that organic matter mainly adsorbs cations and is difficult to adsorb and fix nitrate nitrogen. After actual application, there are key technical problems such as nitrogen nutrients are still easy to be leached, water and fertilizer retention effects are difficult to fully exert, functional microbial activity is not high, and disease inhibition effect is not strong. In addition, there are also problems such as non-localized microbial functional strains, poor adaptability, low degree of standardization of microbial agent production, and difficulty in colonization and survival.

[0012] Livestock and poultry manure bio-organic fertilizer is farmyard manure mainly composed of livestock and poultry manure. As mentioned above, there are a series of problems such as incomplete fermentation of livestock and poultry manure, complex and variable ingredients, low degree of standardization, stench, and toxic bacteria. In order to reduce the problem of konjac pests and diseases caused by livestock and poultry manure farmyard manure, the majority of konjac growers in Yunnan currently generally use pesticides to disinfect farmyard manure before application. Due to the protection of organic matter, pathogenic microorganisms are difficult to completely disinfect, but only temporarily inhibited. The effect of pesticide organic fertilizer disinfection is limited. As farmyard manure continues to ferment and degrade, its "pathogen culture medium" effect will gradually develop. Its application in continuous planting of konjac still cannot solve the old problem of the continued aggravation of konjac soil-borne diseases.

[0013] Composite microbial fertilizers containing livestock and poultry manure also have the key technical problems mentioned above, such as livestock and poultry manure carrying viruses and bacteria, high proportion of chemical fertilizers and salt inhibiting functional microorganisms, nitrogen nutrients are still easily leached, functional microorganisms are not active, and the disease inhibition effect is not strong.

[0014] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a new type of product for improving soil performance, and apply it to the cultivation of konjac, reduce the incidence of soft rot of konjac in continuous cropping and increase the yield of konjac. Summary of the invention

[0015] The invention aims to provide a new product for improving soil performance, and apply the product to the planting of konjac, thereby reducing the incidence of soft rot of konjac in continuous planting and increasing the yield of konjac.

[0016] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: The present invention provides a method for preventing and controlling soft rot of konjac and / or increasing konjac yield, comprising the following steps: (1) Spreading new biochar soil conditioner on the planting land; (2) Make ridges on the planting land and spread konjac controlled-release formula fertilizer on the ridges; (3) Digging ponds on the ridges and planting konjac; The novel biochar soil conditioner is prepared from the following components by weight: 650-700 parts of biochar, 8-12 parts of localized functional bacterial agent, and 300-350 parts of water; The localized functional bacterial agent is prepared from the following components by weight: 3.8-4.2 parts of microbial agents containing Bacillus Velez, Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma, 0.9-1.1 parts of microbial agents containing aminobutyric acid, and 4.8-5.2 parts of microbial agents containing polyglutamic acid; The konjac controlled-release formula fertilizer comprises a high-nitrogen controlled-release fertilizer and a high-phosphorus and high-potassium blended fertilizer; The high nitrogen controlled release fertilizer is prepared from the following components by weight: 600-700 parts of urea, 280-320 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and 48-52 parts of tung oil rosin coating material; The high-phosphorus and high-potassium blended fertilizer is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 75-85 parts of superphosphate, 550-650 parts of potassium sulfate and 300-350 parts of monoammonium phosphate.

[0017] Preferably, the amount of the application in step (1) is 400-600 kg / mu.

[0018] Preferably, the amount of the application in step (2) is 40-60 kg / mu.

[0019] Preferably, the carbon content of the biochar in the novel biochar soil conditioner is greater than or equal to 60%; The microbial agent containing Bacillus Velez, Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma is obtained by mixing Bacillus Velez YWF-17-0003, Bacillus subtilis YWS-20-2072 and Trichoderma WSWFJ-17 according to a mass ratio of 1.8-2.2:1.8-2.2:0.8-1.2; The concentration of the Bacillus Velezii YWF-17-0003 is 250-350 billion CFU / mL; the concentration of the Bacillus subtilis YWS-20-2072 is 250-350 billion CFU / mL; the concentration of the Trichoderma WSWFJ-17 is 75-85 billion CFU / mL; The aminobutyric acid-containing microbial agent is obtained by mixing Bacillus licheniformis WSWFJ40 and Bacillus subtilis WSWFJ44 in a mass ratio of 0.8-1.2:0.8-1.2; The concentration of the Bacillus licheniformis WSWFJ40 is 1.8-2.2 billion CFU / g; the concentration of the Bacillus subtilis WSWFJ44 is 1.8-2.2 billion CFU / g; the content of gamma-aminobutyric acid in the aminobutyric acid-containing microbial agent is 0.1-1.0%, and the content of glutathione is 0.05-0.2%; The polyglutamic acid-containing microbial agent is obtained by mixing Bacillus licheniformis WSWFJ40, Bacillus subtilis YWS-20-2071 and Bacillus WSWFJ41 according to a mass ratio of 0.8-1.2:1.8-2.2:0.8-1.2; The concentration of the Bacillus licheniformis WSWFJ40 is 95 to 105 billion CFU / g; the concentration of the Bacillus subtilis YWS-20-2071 is 95 to 105 billion CFU / g; the concentration of the Bacillus WSWFJ41 is 95 to 105 billion CFU / g.

[0020] Preferably, the mass ratio of the high-nitrogen controlled-release fertilizer to the high-phosphorus and high-potassium blended fertilizer is 0.8-1.2:0.8-1.2; The N content of urea in the high nitrogen controlled release fertilizer is 40-50%; the K2O content of the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is 12-16%, the MgO content is 10-15%, the CaO content is 25-30%, the Fe2O3 content is 15-18%, and the SiO2 content is 25-40%; the N content of the tung oil rosin coating material is 10-12%, and the P2O5 content is 45-61%; The P2O5 content of the superphosphate in the high-phosphorus and high-potassium blended fertilizer is 12-16%; the K2O content of the potassium sulfate is 50-52%; the N content of the monoammonium phosphate is 10-12%, and the P2O5 content is 45-61%.

[0021] Preferably, the konjac is pretreated before planting in step (3), and the pretreatment method is: after drying the konjac in sunlight, soaking it in seed treatment solution for 3 to 7 minutes.

[0022] Preferably, the sunlight drying time is 20 to 30 days, and the seeds are turned 3 to 5 times a day during the drying period.

[0023] Preferably, the seed treatment solution is prepared by mixing leidacloprid·fludioxonil, purgthiamicin·high chlorpyrifos and imidacloprid in a mass volume ratio of 0.8~1.2 L:0.8~1.2 L:650~750 g and diluting the mixture 800~1200 times.

[0024] The invention provides a novel biochar soil conditioner used in the method.

[0025] The invention provides a konjac controlled-release formula fertilizer used in the method.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The present invention significantly reduces the incidence and disease index of konjac soft rot and increases konjac yield by spreading a new biochar soil conditioner on the planting land, making ridges on the planting land, spreading konjac controlled-release formula fertilizer on the ridges, and making ponds on the ridges and planting konjac. The present invention effectively solves the technical problem that the soft rot of konjac in continuous cropping is very easy to breed and spread, and provides a technical basis for fundamentally solving the outbreak of the soft rot of konjac in continuous cropping. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0028] Example 1

[0029] The purpose of this embodiment is to prepare a new type of product for improving soil properties, including localized functional bacterial agents, new biochar soil conditioners, konjac controlled-release formula fertilizers, straw bio-organic fertilizers, straw composite microbial fertilizers, charcoal-based straw bio-organic fertilizers, charcoal-based straw composite microbial fertilizers, bio-organic fertilizers containing livestock and poultry manure (duck manure), and composite microbial fertilizers containing livestock and poultry manure (duck manure). The specific preparation method is as follows.

[0030] 1. The preparation method of localized functional bacterial agent, the steps are as follows: (1) Bacillus Velez subtilis YWF-17-0003 with a concentration of 300 billion CFU / mL, Bacillus subtilis YWS-20-2072 with a concentration of 300 billion CFU / mL, and Trichoderma WSWFJ-17 with a concentration of 80 billion CFU / mL were mixed in a volume ratio of 2:2:1 to obtain a microbial agent containing Bacillus Velez subtilis, Bacillus subtilis, and Trichoderma; (2) Bacillus licheniformis WSWFJ40 with a concentration of 2 billion CFU / g and Bacillus subtilis WSWFJ44 with a concentration of 2 billion CFU / g were mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1 to obtain an aminobutyric acid-containing microbial agent, wherein the content of gamma-aminobutyric acid was 0.5% and the content of glutathione was 0.1%; (3) Bacillus licheniformis WSWFJ40 with a concentration of 100 billion CFU / mL, Bacillus subtilis YWS-20-2071 with a concentration of 100 billion CFU / mL, and Bacillus WSWFJ41 with a concentration of 100 billion CFU / mL were mixed in a volume ratio of 1:2:1 to obtain a microbial agent containing polyglutamic acid; (4) Mix the microbial agent containing Bacillus velezensis, Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma, the microbial agent containing aminobutyric acid and the microbial agent containing polyglutamic acid in a volume ratio of 4:1:5 to obtain a localized functional microbial agent (the effective viable count is 40 to 50 billion CFU / g, ready for use).

[0031] 2. The preparation method of the new biochar soil conditioner is as follows: After 680 parts by mass of biochar (screened product of rubber charcoal, screened particle size ≤4 mm, moisture ≤20%, C content ≥60%) were sprayed with 320 parts by mass of water and stirred evenly, 10 parts by mass of localized functional bacterial agent were added and mixed again to obtain a new biochar soil conditioner.

[0032] The novel biochar soil conditioner prepared by the present invention using biochar has high carbon content, low salt, and strong adsorption. The novel biochar soil conditioner is compounded with aminobutyric acid and polyglutamic acid with strong water-retaining and fertilizer-retaining properties, and is compounded with microbial functional bacteria agents, with high biological activity, strong water-retaining and fertilizer-retaining properties, and good adsorption, and the soil improvement, fertilization, and disease inhibition properties are greatly improved.

[0033] 3. The preparation method of konjac controlled-release formula fertilizer comprises the following steps: (1) Large granular urea (N content of 46%), calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer (K2O content of 12%, MgO content of 12%, CaO content of 26%, Fe2O3 content of 16%, SiO2 content of 30%) and tung oil rosin coating material (N content of 10%, P2O5 content of 45%) were mixed in a mass ratio of 650:300:50 to obtain a high nitrogen controlled release fertilizer; (2) superphosphate (P2O5 content of 14%), potassium sulfate (K2O content of 50%) and monoammonium phosphate (N content of 10%, P2O5 content of 45%) were crushed and mixed in a mass ratio of 80:600:320 to obtain a high-phosphorus and high-potassium blended fertilizer with a N:P2O5:K2O ratio of 2:15:30; (3) The high-nitrogen controlled-release fertilizer and the high-phosphorus and high-potassium blended fertilizer are uniformly mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1 to obtain a konjac controlled-release formula fertilizer with a N:P2O5:K2O ratio of 15:8:17.

[0034] 4. The preparation method of straw bio-organic fertilizer, the steps are as follows: (1) Mixing distiller's grains, fish protein, rapeseed oil cake, potassium humate and tobacco potassium (substances left after burning tobacco stems) in a mass ratio of 3:3:6:4:4 to obtain an auxiliary material for adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio of fertilizers and promoting fertilizer fermentation; (2) 30 parts by weight of chrysanthemum wither (a waste product discharged from the extraction of chrysanthemum medicinal ingredients), 30 parts by weight of tobacco foam (waste discharged from the tobacco industry), 30 parts by weight of humic acid (pure humic acid content ≥ 40%), 5 parts by weight of organic matter composting agent (purchased from Zhongnong Lvkang Biotechnology Co., Ltd.) and 10 parts by weight of auxiliary materials were mixed and then piled for fermentation. During the fermentation process, a double-head mixer (model: JAQ350) was used for stirring (the stirring drum was 2 m long, the stirring speed was 1440 r / min, and the stirring time was 20 s), and the mixture was placed in a fermentation bin for fermentation; (3) On the 4th day of composting, the temperature of the fermented materials rises and remains constant at 55-60°C, and the first compost turning is performed; the second compost turning is performed after 7 more days of composting; the third compost turning is performed after 7 more days of composting, when the temperature of the fermented materials is 35-40°C; the compost turning is performed once every 7 days, and the compost turning operation is completed after 5 times of compost turning; (4) The turned materials are shoveled into the aging bin by a loader, and are stacked and aged at 38°C for 25 days to end the fermentation; (5) The fermented material was moved to a crusher (model: Y2X280M-4) for crushing, and then moved to a rolling screen (model: JZQ350) with a screen size of 6 mm at the front and 4 mm at the rear through a belt conveyor for screening. 1 part by mass of local functional bacterial agent was added to the screened fertilizer, and firstly mixed with a loader, and then transferred to a drum mixer with a belt conveyor (width 60-80 cm) for mixing, thereby obtaining a new type of straw bio-organic fertilizer.

[0035] The raw material of the straw bio-organic fertilizer prepared by the present invention does not use common straw or livestock and poultry excrement. The main ingredients are chrysanthemum wither, smoke foam, humic acid, etc., which are rich in active ingredients for killing nematodes and inhibiting bacteria. The bio-organic fertilizer has stable ingredients, high standardization, no bad smell, and no problems of toxic bacteria. Functional microorganisms such as nitrogen fixation, phosphorus solubilization, and disease inhibition are also added, as well as microbial metabolites (polyglutamic acid and aminobutyric acid) with water and fertilizer retention, chelation and complexation of trace elements. After being applied on konjac, diseases can be effectively inhibited, and the fertilizer effect is stable, efficient and lasting, and it does not contain livestock and poultry excrement, which greatly controls the potential ecological risks of hormones, heavy metals and antibiotics. The straw bio-organic fertilizer has distinct low-salt, nitrogen control, phosphorus promotion and potassium increase characteristics. It can be used in konjac planting to coordinate and improve nutrient supply, and effectively reduce continuous cropping diseases, providing strong technical support for efficient continuous cropping production of konjac.

[0036] 5. The preparation method of straw composite microbial fertilizer is as follows: The straw bio-organic fertilizer and the konjac controlled-release formula fertilizer were mixed in a mass ratio of 11.5:1 to obtain the straw composite microbial fertilizer.

[0037] The present invention prepares straw composite microbial fertilizer by compounding straw bio-organic fertilizer and konjac controlled-release formula fertilizer, wherein, the salt content of low chemical fertilizer ratio can reduce the inhibitory effect of chemical fertilizer on the functional microorganism of composite microbial fertilizer to the greatest extent. The preparation process adopts nitrogen controlled-release technology, effectively alleviates the technical defect that nitrogen is easily leached, and makes full use of the activation effect of functional microorganisms and organic matter on phosphorus and potassium nutrients, and has the distinct technical advantages of typical low salt, nitrogen control, phosphorus promotion and potassium increase. Because of the application of localized functional bacterial agent and aminobutyric acid and polyglutamic acid with great water retention, fertilizer retention, promotion effect and crop growth performance, the fertilizer supply characteristics, disease resistance and disease inhibition, and growth promotion of the straw composite microbial fertilizer of the present invention are fully utilized. The straw composite microbial fertilizer technology can be coordinated with soil nutrient supply in the continuous cropping of konjac, and effectively control konjac soil-borne diseases.

[0038] 6. The preparation method of carbon-based straw bio-organic fertilizer, the steps are as follows: The new straw bio-organic fertilizer and the new biochar soil conditioner were mixed in a mass ratio of 5:1 to obtain the charcoal-based straw bio-organic fertilizer.

[0039] The present invention prepares the charcoal-based straw bio-organic fertilizer by mixing the novel straw bio-organic fertilizer with the novel biochar soil conditioner, and does not add livestock and poultry excrement, thereby overcoming the old problem that livestock and poultry excrement carries toxins and bacteria. Since the straw bio-organic fertilizer having the ability to effectively inhibit soil-borne diseases and having excellent water and fertilizer retention performance is compounded with the novel biochar soil conditioner having high biological activity, water and fertilizer retention, and good disease inhibition performance, the charcoal-based straw bio-organic fertilizer prepared by the present invention has more excellent soil improvement and fertilization performance and more effective potential for inhibiting soil-borne diseases of konjac in continuous cropping technology, and is extremely beneficial to reducing diseases of continuous cropping of konjac.

[0040] 7. The preparation method of carbon-based straw composite microbial fertilizer, the steps are as follows: The charcoal-based straw bio-organic fertilizer and the konjac controlled-release formula fertilizer were mixed in a mass ratio of 11.5:1 to obtain a charcoal-based straw composite microbial fertilizer.

[0041] The charcoal-based straw composite microbial fertilizer is prepared by compounding charcoal-based straw bio-organic fertilizer with konjac controlled-release formula fertilizer. The fertilizer not only has the advantages of the above-mentioned straw composite microbial fertilizer, but also has more prominent functions of water conservation, fertilizer conservation, efficiency promotion, crop growth stimulation and disease inhibition due to compounding of a novel biochar soil improver with high biological activity, good water and fertilizer conservation and disease inhibition performance. The fertilizer is applied to continuous konjac planting to facilitate directional improvement and fertilization of soil that hinders continuous cropping, and effectively reduce the konjac continuous cropping obstacle.

[0042] 8. The method for preparing bio-organic fertilizer containing livestock and poultry manure (duck manure) (entrusted to Qujing Duck Industry Development Co., Ltd. for preparation) is as follows: (1) Mix fresh duck manure raw materials with a water content of 70% and water 8 times the mass of duck manure, and transport them to an anaerobic fermentation tank through a feed pump for natural anaerobic fermentation for 3 months, extract and separate the solid and liquid to obtain duck manure sludge; spread the duck manure sludge flat, pile it, and dry it for aerobic fermentation for 30 days, and control the moisture content to ≤30%, to obtain duck manure organic fertilizer after natural anaerobic and aerobic fermentation; (2) mixing distiller's grains, fish protein, rapeseed oil cake, potassium humate and tobacco potassium in a mass ratio of 3:3:6:4:4 to obtain an auxiliary material for adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the fertilizer and promoting the fermentation of the fertilizer; (3) 25 parts by weight of duck manure organic fertilizer, 23.75 parts by weight of chrysanthemum blight (waste product discharged from the extraction of chrysanthemum medicinal ingredients), 36.25 parts by weight of tobacco foam (waste discharged from the tobacco industry), 11.25 parts by weight of humic acid (pure humic acid content ≥ 40%), 5 parts by weight of organic matter composting agent (straw type, purchased from Zhongnong Lvkang Biotechnology Co., Ltd.), and 3.75 parts by weight of auxiliary materials were mixed and then piled for fermentation. During the fermentation process, a double-head mixer (model: JAQ350) was used for stirring (the stirring drum was 2 m long, the stirring speed was 1440 r / min, and the stirring time was 20 s), and the mixture was placed in a fermentation bin for fermentation; (4) On the 4th day of composting, the temperature of the fermented materials rises and remains constant at 55-60°C, and the first compost turning is performed; the second compost turning is performed after 7 days of composting; the third compost turning is performed after 7 days of composting, when the temperature of the fermented materials is 35-40°C; the compost turning is performed every 7 days thereafter, and the compost turning operation is completed after 5 times in total; (5) The turned materials are shoveled into the aging bin by a loader, and are stacked and aged at 38°C for 25 days to end the fermentation; (6) The fermented material is moved to a crusher (model: Y2X280M-4) for crushing, and then moved to a rolling screen (model: JZQ350) with a screen size of 6 mm at the front end and 4 mm at the rear end through a belt conveyor for screening. 1 part by mass of local functional bacteria agent is added to the screened fertilizer, and firstly mixed with a loader, and then transferred to a drum mixer with a belt conveyor (width 60-80 cm) for mixing, to obtain a biological organic fertilizer containing livestock and poultry manure (duck manure).

[0043] The method firstly performs natural anaerobic fermentation of duck manure for 3 months and natural aerobic fermentation for 1 month, and then, a proper proportion of chrysanthemum wither, smoke foam, humic acid and other components with antibacterial and insecticidal effects and fermentation agents are compounded for aerobic fermentation again, so as to prepare a biological organic fertilizer with complete fermentation, stable components, high standardization, and no stench, toxicity or bacteria. Meanwhile, disease-inhibiting microbial functional bacterial agents and aminobutyric acid and polyglutamic acid with excellent water-retaining and fertilizer-retaining properties are compounded, and after being applied to konjac planting, konjac diseases can be effectively inhibited, and the fertilizer has excellent water-retaining and fertilizer-retaining properties.

[0044] 9. The preparation method of compound microbial fertilizer containing livestock and poultry manure (duck manure) is as follows: The bio-organic fertilizer containing livestock and poultry excrement (duck excrement) and the konjac controlled-release formula fertilizer are mixed in a mass ratio of 11.5:1 to obtain a composite microbial fertilizer containing livestock and poultry excrement (duck excrement).

[0045] The present invention obtains a composite microbial fertilizer containing livestock and poultry excrement (duck excrement) by compounding a biological organic fertilizer containing livestock and poultry excrement (duck excrement) with a konjac controlled-release formula fertilizer. The obtained fertilizer not only has the advantages of the low-salt composite microbial fertilizer, but also has complete fermentation of livestock and poultry excrement and high fertilizer efficiency. The application of the fertilizer on konjac has important effects of reducing weight, improving quality, increasing production and increasing efficiency.

[0046] Example 2 The purpose of this embodiment is to determine the nutrient indexes, heavy metal content and microbial content of the new biochar soil conditioner, straw bio-organic fertilizer, straw composite microbial fertilizer, charcoal-based straw bio-organic fertilizer, charcoal-based straw composite microbial fertilizer, livestock and poultry manure (duck manure) raw materials, livestock and poultry manure (duck manure) organic fertilizer, bio-organic fertilizer containing livestock and poultry manure (duck manure), and composite microbial fertilizer containing livestock and poultry manure (duck manure) in Example 1, as well as the high-throughput sequencing indicators of the new biochar soil conditioner, livestock and poultry manure (duck manure) raw materials, livestock and poultry manure (duck manure) organic fertilizer, bio-organic fertilizer containing livestock and poultry manure (duck manure), straw bio-organic fertilizer and charcoal-based straw bio-organic fertilizer.

[0047] 1. Nutrient index The results of nutrient index determination are shown in Table 1.

[0048] Table 1 Nutrient index determination results of different fertilizers

[0049] As can be seen from Table 1, the total nutrient content of the novel biochar soil conditioner prepared by the present invention is 1.98%, which is significantly lower than that of commercially available bio-organic fertilizers. It is a typical biochar soil conditioner with low salt content, which can minimize the inhibitory effect of salt on functional microorganisms. At the same time, the pH of the fertilizer is alkaline, which is conducive to the improvement and repair of acidified soil. The bio-organic fertilizer containing livestock and poultry manure (duck manure), straw bio-organic fertilizer, and charcoal-based straw bio-organic fertilizer prepared by the present invention are all typical bio-organic fertilizers with low salt content. Straw composite microbial fertilizer, charcoal-based straw composite microbial fertilizer, and composite microbial fertilizer containing livestock and poultry manure (duck manure) all have the distinctive characteristics of typical low-salt, nitrogen-controlling, phosphorus-promoting, and potassium-increasing composite microbial fertilizers. The above fertilizers can coordinate and improve the current situation in which konjac crops are generally biased towards nitrogen fertilizers and the soil nutrient supply is not coordinated.

[0050] At the same time, the tung oil rosin coated controlled release nitrogen fertilizer technology adopted by the present invention can strengthen the adsorption and fixation capacity of the composite microbial fertilizer on active nitrogen, especially nitrate nitrogen, and can effectively solve the big problem that the nitrate nitrogen of the biological organic fertilizer is still very easy to lose. The low-proportion fertilizer and powdered high-phosphorus and high-potassium blending are conducive to the fertilizer phosphorus and potassium nutrients being wrapped and activated layer by layer by organic matter containing active biological bacteria, which is conducive to the fertilizer functional microorganisms to give full play to the effect of activating phosphorus and potassium, and promote the absorption of nutrients by konjac crops. In the biological fertilizer preparation process, the present invention is compounded with aminobutyric acid and polyglutamic acid that have great water retention, fertilizer retention, promotion, and crop growth stimulation performance, so that the fertilizer effect and microbial efficacy of the biological fertilizer of the present invention can be fully exerted, and there is a distinct "low fertilizer and high efficiency" feature, which is very beneficial for giving full play to the microbial fertilizer effect and improving crop nutrition.

[0051] 2. Heavy metal indicators The results of heavy metal determination are shown in Table 2.

[0052] Table 2 Determination results of heavy metal indicators of different fertilizers

[0053] It can be seen from Table 2 that the heavy metal contents of the new biochar soil conditioner, straw bio-organic fertilizer, straw composite microbial fertilizer, charcoal-based straw bio-organic fertilizer, charcoal-based straw composite microbial fertilizer, bio-organic fertilizer containing livestock and poultry manure (duck manure), composite microbial fertilizer containing livestock and poultry manure (duck manure) and other biofertilizers prepared by the present invention are much lower than the NYT525-2021 standard and NYT798-2015 standard. The application of this technology can effectively reduce the environmental risk of heavy metal pollution.

[0054] 3. Microbial Quantity The results of microbial count determination are shown in Table 3.

[0055] Table 3 Results of determination of microbial numbers in different fertilizers

[0056] As can be seen from Table 3, the effective live bacteria counts of bacteria, actinomycetes, and fungi in the novel biochar soil conditioner prepared by the present invention reached the level of 10 billion, 100 million, and 10 million, respectively, far exceeding the NYT525-2021 standard; the effective live bacteria counts of bacteria, actinomycetes, and fungi in the bio-organic fertilizer containing livestock and poultry manure (duck manure) reached the level of 100 billion, 1 billion, and 10 million, respectively, and the effective live bacteria counts of bacteria, actinomycetes, and fungi in the straw bio-organic fertilizer and the charcoal-based straw bio-organic fertilizer reached the level of 100 billion, 1 billion, and 100 million, respectively, far exceeding the biological organic fertilizer-NY884-2012 standard and the compound microbial fertilizer-NYT798-2015 standard. However, due to the inhibitory effect of chemical fertilizers, the effective live bacteria count of the compound microbial fertilizer of livestock and poultry manure (duck manure) was reduced to the level of one million, and the live bacteria counts of the straw compound microbial fertilizer and the charcoal-based straw compound microbial fertilizer were also reduced to the level of 10 million, which did not meet the compound microbial fertilizer-NYT798-2015 standard. It can be seen that the inhibition of chemical fertilizers on microorganisms in compound microbial fertilizers is an issue worthy of attention.

[0057] 4. High-throughput sequencing The novel biochar soil conditioner prepared by the present invention, livestock and poultry manure (duck manure) raw materials, livestock and poultry manure (duck manure) organic fertilizer, livestock and poultry manure (duck manure) biological organic fertilizer, straw biological organic fertilizer, and charcoal-based straw biological organic fertilizer were sent to Sichuan Panomik Biotechnology Co., Ltd. for high-throughput sequencing to analyze the diversity of bacteria and fungi in the fertilizers. The results of the determination of the relative abundance of the bacterial genus level in the fertilizers are shown in Table 4, and the results of the determination of the relative abundance of the fungal genus level are shown in Table 5.

[0058] Table 4 Determination results of relative abundance of fertilizer bacteria at genus level

[0059] Table 5 Determination results of relative abundance of fertilizer fungi at genus level

[0060] As can be seen from Table 4, at the bacterial genus level, the main bacterial species in livestock and poultry manure (duck manure) organic fertilizer are Paracoccus ( Paracoccus ) and Bacillus ( Bacillaceae ), compared with the raw materials of livestock and poultry manure (duck manure), the relative abundance of Paracoccus in the organic fertilizer of livestock and poultry manure (duck manure) was 0.32%, while there was no Paracoccus in the raw materials; the bacterial community of the biological organic fertilizer containing livestock and poultry manure (duck manure) was mainly composed of Nocardia ( Nocardiopsis ), Paracoccus ( Paracoccus ) and Bacillus ( Bacillaceae ) was the main component, and compared with the organic fertilizer of livestock and poultry manure (duck manure), the abundance of Bacillus increased by 3761.11%; the bacterial community of the new biochar soil conditioner was mainly composed of Nocardia ( Nocardiopsis ), Saccharopolyspora ( Saccharopolyspora ), Paracoccus ( Paracoccus ) and Bacillus ( Bacillaceae ), compared with the bio-organic fertilizer containing livestock and poultry manure (duck manure), the relative abundance of Nocardia decreased by 3305.78%, and the abundance of Bacillus decreased by 23066.70%; the bacterial community of straw bio-organic fertilizer was mainly composed of Nocardia ( Nocardiopsis ) and Bacillus ( Bacillaceae ), compared with the bio-organic fertilizer with the same fermentation process and compound containing livestock and poultry manure (duck manure), the abundance of beneficial Bacillus bacteria in the straw bio-organic fertilizer of the present invention increased by 494.10%, indicating that the addition of localized functional bacteria (mainly Bacillus) effectively promoted the reproduction and proliferation of Bacillus in the straw bio-organic fertilizer, which is extremely beneficial to give full play to the role of localized functional bacteria; the relative abundance of Nocardia bacteria in the charcoal-based straw bio-organic fertilizer increased by 45525.01% compared with the straw bio-organic fertilizer, and the relative abundance of Saccharopolyspora and Paracoccus bacteria in the charcoal-based straw bio-organic fertilizer reached 1.64% and 18.72% respectively, and the relative abundance of Staphylococcus bacteria with antibiotic degradation ability reached 5.83%, but the Bacillus bacteria in the charcoal-based straw bio-organic fertilizer decreased by 197.48% compared with the straw bio-organic fertilizer.

[0061] As can be seen from Table 5, at the fungal genus level, the main fungal species in the organic fertilizer of livestock and poultry manure (duck manure) are Botrytis cinerea ( Botryotrichum ), Archaea ( Archaeorhizomyces ), Thermophilic fungi ( Thermomyces ), Microcystis ( Microascus )、Aspergillus spp. Aspergillus ) and Acremonium ( Acremonium ), compared with the raw materials of livestock and poultry manure (duck manure), the relative abundance of thermophilic fungi increased by 115.38%, Aspergillus increased by 97.71%, and the relative abundance of harmful Botryosporium decreased by 85.53%; the fungal community of bio-organic fertilizer containing livestock and poultry manure (duck manure) was mainly composed of Botryosporium ( Botryotrichum ), Archaea ( Archaeorhizomyces ), Thermophilic fungi ( Thermomyces ), Microcystis ( Microascus )、Aspergillus spp. Aspergillus ) and Acremonium ( Acremonium ) was the main fertilizer. Compared with livestock and poultry manure (duck manure) organic fertilizer, the relative abundance of Botrytis cinerea decreased by 95.84%; the new biochar soil conditioner was mainly composed of Botrytis cinerea ( Botryotrichum ), Archaea ( Archaeorhizomyces ), Thermophilic fungi ( Thermomyces ), Microcystis ( Microascus )、Aspergillus spp. Aspergillus ) and Acremonium ( Acremonium ), compared with the bio-organic fertilizer containing livestock and poultry manure (duck manure), the relative abundance of Botrytis cinerea increased by 99.74%, the abundance of Archaea with good antibacterial activity, the beneficial bacteria Thermomyces, the Aspergillus with anti-bacterial activity, and the abundance of Acremonium that can inhibit the pathogenic fungus Fusarium were 199.87%, 9362.17%, 18070.57%, and 161.54% higher than those of the bio-organic fertilizer containing livestock and poultry manure (duck manure), respectively. At the same time, Microcystis with potential biocontrol ability was detected, with a relative abundance of 0.78%; the straw bio-organic fertilizer was mainly composed of Botrytis cinerea ( Botryotrichum ), Archaea ( Archaeorhizomyces ), Thermophilic fungi ( Thermomyces ), Microcystis ( Microascus )、Aspergillus spp. Aspergillus ) and Acremonium ( Acremonium ), compared with the bio-organic fertilizer with the same fermentation process and compounded with livestock and poultry manure (duck manure), the relative abundance of Botrytis cinerea in the straw bio-organic fertilizer decreased by 87.43%, the Archaea fungi with good antibacterial activity increased by 558825.85%, the abundance of beneficial thermophilic fungi increased by 940.24%, and the abundance of Aspergillus fungi that can effectively inhibit crop wilt increased by 105.88%, but the abundance of Fusarium spp. that can inhibit pathogenic fungi ( Fusarium) abundance decreased by 225.22%. Potential biocontrol and growth-promoting Microstomyces fungi were also detected in the straw bio-organic fertilizer, with an abundance of 0.03%, while no Microstomyces fungi were detected in the bio-organic fertilizer with the same fermentation process and compounded with livestock and poultry manure (duck manure); the relative abundance of the harmful Botrytis in the charcoal-based straw bio-organic fertilizer increased by 99.97% compared with the straw bio-organic fertilizer, the beneficial Archarrhiza decreased by 894765.60%, the relative abundance of the beneficial Thermomyces decreased by 1200.86%, the relative abundance of the beneficial Microstomyces decreased by 118.18%, and the relative abundance of the beneficial Aspergillus decreased by 191.67%.

[0062] From the above, it can be seen that the livestock and poultry manure (duck manure) organic fertilizer prepared by the natural anaerobic and aerobic fermentation process of livestock and poultry manure (duck manure) raw materials has greatly increased the number of most beneficial bacteria. The natural anaerobic and aerobic fermentation process is indeed beneficial to reducing the "long-standing" problem of livestock and poultry manure (duck manure) carrying toxins and bacteria; the biological organic fertilizer containing poultry manure (duck manure) has indeed reduced the abundance of Aspergillus fungi and thermophilic fungi with resistance to bacterial wilt, and obviously does not have the function of resisting bacterial wilt. It should be used with caution for crops that are prone to frequent bacterial wilt; the new biochar soil conditioner has indeed reduced the abundance of some beneficial bacteria, especially bacteria such as Nocardia and Bacillus, and Botrytis cinerea, but stimulated the abundance of Archaea, beneficial bacteria thermophilic fungi, Aspergillus with anti-bacterial activity, and Fusarium spp. that can inhibit pathogenic fungi. The expansion and proliferation of Acremonium and Microsporum with biocontrol function are generally beneficial to the prevention and control of soil-borne diseases, especially fungal diseases; straw bio-organic fertilizer has the effect of expanding beneficial bacteria such as Bacillus, inhibiting harmful Botrytis cinerea fungi, stimulating the expansion and proliferation of beneficial Archarrhiza genus, thermophilic fungi, Aspergillus, and Microsporum. Although it also has a certain effect of inhibiting beneficial Acremonium fungi, it generally promotes the reproduction and proliferation of most beneficial bacteria, especially Bacillus with biocontrol function and most beneficial fungi, which is extremely beneficial to the prevention and control of soil-borne diseases, especially fungal diseases; charcoal-based straw bio-organic fertilizer significantly inhibited beneficial Bacillus bacteria compared with straw bio-organic fertilizer, increased harmful Botrytis cinerea fungi, and at the same time inhibited the expansion and proliferation of beneficial Archarrhiza genus, thermophilic fungi, Aspergillus, and Microsporum. Although charcoal-based straw bio-organic fertilizer also has a significant effect on stimulating the expansion and proliferation of beneficial Nocardia, Saccharopolyspora, Paracoccus and Staphylococcus bacteria compared with straw bio-organic fertilizer, it generally inhibits the reproduction and proliferation of most beneficial bacteria, especially Bacillus with biocontrol functions and most beneficial fungi. Therefore, compared with straw bio-organic fertilizer, charcoal-based straw bio-organic fertilizer is not conducive to the prevention and control of soil-borne diseases.

[0063] Test Example 1 The test site is Longhua Street, Zhanyi District, Qujing City, and the konjac planting base of Qujing Kaimei Guan Agricultural Farmers Professional Cooperative. The test variety is flower konjac, second-generation bulbs, 300-500g / piece, commercially available. This test case has 3 parallels, and the planting area is 0.5 mu / test case. The test started on April 10, 2023 and the excavation was completed on October 20, 2023. The test method is as follows: (1) Ploughing and ridge forming: The experiment was conducted on April 10, 2023, with deep tillage to a depth of 25 cm. Ridges were formed after drying for one week. The ridge width was 80 cm, the ridge height was 20 cm, and the furrow width was 30 cm. (2) Pond digging: dig two rows of ponds on the ridges. The length of the ponds is 30 cm, the width is 25 cm, and the depth is 18 cm. The interval between two rows of ponds on the same ridge is 50 cm, and the interval between two adjacent ponds in the same direction as the ridge is 40 cm. 2,400 ponds are dug per mu. (3) Pond fertilization: The fertilizer used is Kaimeiguan biological organic fertilizer (commercially available, organic matter (dry basis) ≥ 40%, total nutrients ≥ 4%, effective viable bacteria ≥ 20 million / g, fermented with humic acid, oil cake, wheat bran, and chrysanthemum cake as the main ingredients), and the amount of fertilizer applied per pond is 400 g; (4) Bulb treatment: Select konjac bulbs that are free of pests and diseases, mechanical damage, strong main buds, shallow bud nests, smooth surfaces, and uniform fruit shapes (second-generation bulbs, 300-500 g / bulb, 400 g / bulb on average). Place the konjac bulbs under a rain shelter (plastic shed) for 25 days, turning them over four times a day during the drying period to complete sunlight disinfection and bulb dehydration. Store the disinfected and dehydrated bulbs in a cool and dry warehouse, and keep the warehouse fully ventilated during storage. (5) Pretreatment before sowing: Use 1L of leuprocel (fungicide, forms seed coating; commercially available), 1L of purgedia cypermethrin (insecticide for scale insects; commercially available), and 700g of imidacloprid (insecticide for spiny-legged root mites; commercially available). Treatment method: Dilute leuprocel and purgedia cypermethrin 1000 times, add imidacloprid, and prepare a seed treatment solution with coating, bactericidal, and insecticidal effects; soak the konjac bulbs in a frame for 5 minutes, then remove the frame from the water and air dry for later use; (6) Planting, covering and tidying the furrows: Place the konjac bulbs directly in the pond with base fertilizer, with the bud mouth tilted outward at about 45 degrees. The spacing between konjac bulbs is 50 cm and the row spacing is 40 cm. After planting, tidy the furrows and cover the seeds. The covering depth is 15 cm and the ridge height after tidying the furrows is 40 cm. The pond digging, pond base fertilizer application, planting, covering and tidying the furrows will be completed from April 17 to April 19, 2023. (7) Intercropping with corn: intercrop one row of corn per ridge, with a spacing of 1 m between corn plants, and complete the process within 2 weeks after planting konjac; (8) Applying weed sealant and covering with pine needles: Applying weed sealant and covering with pine needles should be completed within one month after konjac is planted. The amount of pine needles used is 1 t / mu and the covering thickness is about 5 cm. (9) Topdressing: Topdress twice, once during the head replacement period and once during the critical period of underground bulb expansion. Use Autel balanced compound fertilizer (N: P2O5: K2O ratio of 17:17:17) for topdressing. The amount of topdressing is 90 kg / mu each time. When applying, mix 40% (36 kg) of Kaimeiguan biological organic fertilizer per mu; place the fertilizer at the base of the main stem of the konjac about 8 cm away, and then take a little soil from the ridge to cover the fertilizer to complete the topdressing operation; (10) Spraying: The types, ingredients and usage of pesticides used during spraying are shown in Table 6. The dosage of all pesticides after dilution with water is 90 L / mu. They are sprayed on the leaves once every 7 days for a total of 3 times.

[0064] Table 6 Types, ingredients and usage of pesticides used in spraying

[0065] Test Example 2

[0066] This experiment used a new biochar soil conditioner, konjac controlled-release formula fertilizer, and carbon-based straw composite microbial fertilizer to grow konjac. The test site was Longhua Street, Zhanyi District, Qujing City, and the konjac planting base of Qujing Kaimei Guan Agricultural Farmers Professional Cooperative. The test variety was flower konjac, second-generation bulbs, 300-500g / piece, commercially available. This experiment set up 3 parallels, and the planting area was 40 m 2 / Test example. The test method is as follows: (1) Lime disinfection: quicklime was applied to the test site one month before planting (March 10, 2023) for disinfection. The application rate of quicklime was 50 kg / mu. After quicklime was applied, the soil was deep-turned and mixed with rotary tillage to a depth of 25 cm, and then naturally dried for one month. (2) Applying base fertilizer, tilling and ridge-forming: On April 10, 2023, the novel biochar soil conditioner of the present invention was spread at a dosage of 500 kg / mu, and then rotary tillage and deep ploughing were performed to mix the soil. The rotary tillage and deep ploughing depth was 25 cm. After drying for one week, ridges were formed. The ridge width was 80 cm, the ridge height was 20 cm, and the furrow width was 30 cm. (3) spreading controlled-release formula fertilizer: immediately spreading the konjac controlled-release formula fertilizer of the present invention on the ridges after ridging, with a spreading rate of 50 kg / mu; (4) Pond digging, bulb treatment, pre-planting treatment, seed planting, seed covering, furrow management, intercropping corn, application of weed sealant, and pine needle covering were the same as in Experiment 1; (5) Topdressing: Topdress twice, once during the head replacement period and once during the critical period of underground bulb expansion. Use Autel balanced compound fertilizer (N: P2O5: K2O ratio of 17:17:17) for topdressing. The amount of topdressing each time is 90 kg / mu. When applying, mix 40% (36 kg) of Kaimeiguan biological organic fertilizer per mu; place the fertilizer at the base about 8 cm away from the main stem of the konjac, and then take a little soil from the ridge to cover the fertilizer to complete the topdressing operation; (6) Spraying: The types, ingredients and usage of pesticides used in spraying are the same as those in Example 1. The dosage of all pesticides after dilution with water is 180 L / mu. When used, they are sprayed on the leaves and irrigated with roots (the dosage for foliar spraying is 90 L / mu, and the dosage for root irrigation is 90 L / mu). The pesticides are sprayed once every 7 days, for a total of 3 times.

[0067] Test Example 3

[0068] The difference between this test example and test example 2 is that the types and amounts of the base fertilizer spread in step (2) and the fertilizer spread in step (3) are different. The base fertilizer spread in step (2) of this test example is straw bio-organic fertilizer, with an amount of 1000 kg / mu; the base fertilizer spread in step (3) is straw compound microbial fertilizer and konjac controlled-release formula fertilizer, with the application amount of straw compound microbial fertilizer being 450 kg / mu and the application amount of konjac controlled-release formula fertilizer being 50 kg / mu. Other treatments are the same as in test example 2.

[0069] Test Example 4

[0070] The difference between this test example and test example 2 is that the type and amount of the base fertilizer spread in step (2) and the fertilizer spread in step (3) are different. The base fertilizer spread in step (2) of this test example is charcoal-based straw bio-organic fertilizer, and the amount is 1000 kg / mu; the base fertilizer spread in step (3) is charcoal-based straw composite microbial fertilizer and konjac controlled-release formula fertilizer, and the amount of charcoal-based straw composite microbial fertilizer spread is 450 kg / mu, and the amount of konjac controlled-release formula fertilizer spread is 50 kg / mu. Other treatments are the same as in test example 2.

[0071] Test Example 5

[0072] The difference between this test example and test example 2 is that the types and amounts of the base fertilizer spread in step (2) and the fertilizer spread in step (3) are different. The base fertilizer spread in step (2) of this test example is a biological organic fertilizer containing livestock and poultry manure (duck manure), and the amount is 1000 kg / mu; the fertilizer spread in step (3) is a compound microbial fertilizer containing livestock and poultry manure (duck manure) and a konjac controlled-release formula fertilizer, and the amount of the compound microbial fertilizer containing livestock and poultry manure (duck manure) is 450 kg / mu, and the amount of the konjac controlled-release formula fertilizer is 50 kg / mu. Other treatments are the same as in test example 2.

[0073] Test Example 6 The soft rot incidence, disease index and yield index of the konjac planted in Experimental Examples 1 to 5 were statistically analyzed. The statistical results are shown in Table 7.

[0074] Among them, the soft rot investigation method adopts the field investigation method, which counts the disease severity of the test cases during the entire growth period and makes classifications. Finally, the incidence rate and disease index are counted and data analysis is performed.

[0075] The classification standards for konjac soft rot are as follows: Level 0, the plant is in normal growth condition; Level 1, there are water-soaked spots on one side of the petiole of the plant, and the leaves on the same side are slightly yellow; Level 2, there are water-soaked spots larger than 2 cm on one side of the petiole of the plant, and the leaves on the same side are yellowing; Level 3, there are water-soaked spots on one side of the petiole of the plant, and most of the leaves are yellowing and dying; Level 4: All leaves of the plant are dead, and the seedlings fall over and rot.

[0076]

[0077]

[0078] Table 7 Soft rot incidence, disease index and yield index of konjac planted in Experimental Examples 1 to 5

[0079] As shown in Table 7, the use of new soil conditioner and konjac controlled-release formula fertilizer in Experimental Example 2 has the best effect on preventing and controlling konjac soft rot and increasing konjac yield. Compared with Experimental Example 1, the incidence and disease index of konjac soft rot in the planting method of Experimental Example 2 were reduced by 42.32% and 41.48% respectively, and the yield increased by 24.15%.

[0080] The reason is that, first of all, based on high-throughput analysis, compared with charcoal-based straw bio-organic fertilizer, the new biochar soil conditioner has the effect of inhibiting beneficial Nocardia bacteria, Saccharopolyspora and Paracoccus bacteria, Staphylococcus bacteria, and Bacillus bacteria, and indeed inhibits the expansion and proliferation of bacterial beneficial bacteria. However, compared with charcoal-based straw bio-organic fertilizer, the new biochar soil conditioner has a 23.85% reduction in harmful Botrytis fungi, an increase of 380.11% in the abundance of Archaea with good antibacterial activity, an increase of 11732.87% in the abundance of beneficial thermophilic fungi, an increase of 6072.73% in the relative abundance of Microcystis, which has a strong biocontrol and growth-promoting effect, and an increase of 25641.60% in the relative abundance of Aspergillus, which can effectively inhibit crop pathogens. It can be seen that it generally promotes the reproduction and proliferation of beneficial fungi with disease prevention, antibacterial and growth-promoting functions, and is still relatively beneficial for the prevention and control of soil-borne diseases. This is an important reason why the new biochar soil conditioner of the present invention can more effectively reduce the soft rot of konjac in continuous cropping and increase yield.

[0081] Secondly, before the new biochar soil conditioner of the present invention is used to improve the soil, quicklime is also spread to disinfect. In this way, the alkaline quicklime and alkaline biochar produce a superimposed effect, which should strengthen and amplify the effect of quicklime in disinfecting soil-borne pathogens; at the same time, the rich pores contained in the new biochar soil conditioner become a "refuge" for beneficial bacteria, which is conducive to the retention and effectiveness of the beneficial bacteria fixed on the conditioner. This is different from the situation where organic matter becomes a "protective area" for pathogens under the conditions of biofertilizer soil improvement, which weakens the lime to disinfect soil-borne pathogens and promotes the disinfecting of beneficial pathogens. This is also the important reason why the continuous crop konjac planting method of the new biochar soil conditioner of the present invention can effectively and significantly reduce the incidence of continuous crop konjac soft rot and increase the continuous crop konjac yield relative to straw and non-straw, charcoal-based and non-charcoal-based biofertilizers.

[0082] As can be seen from the above embodiments, the present invention creatively proposes novel biochar soil conditioner or bio-organic fertilizer to improve soil, instead of traditional planting and applying base fertilizer in ponds, and spreading composite microbial fertilizer before digging ponds. The inventive method meets the actual situation that the early growth of konjak mainly relies on bulb nutrition and fertilizer nutrients only as supplements, and the measure of applying base fertilizer in ponds can both avoid the excessive growth of konjak caused by early fertilizer supply without using the measure of applying base fertilizer in ponds, and caters to the main lateral growth characteristics of konjak root system in the middle and late stages, so that the root system of konjak in the middle and late stages is just distributed in the region of spreading composite microbial fertilizer, which is conducive to the supply of konjak nutrients in the middle and late stages. The inventive method has paid attention to the key role of biological fertilizer in improving soil ecology, and builds a stricter biological control circle in the rhizosphere, which is more favorable for controlling the soft rot of konjak continuous cropping. Meanwhile, the nitrogen controlled release technology adopted during the preparation of the composite microbial fertilizer of the present invention, as well as the fertilizer design of nitrogen control, phosphorus promotion and potassium increase, and the fertilizer supply strategy of the composite microbial fertilizer in the critical period are supplemented, so that sufficient nutrients are guaranteed to be absorbed by konjac in the middle and late stages, and the problem of premature aging caused by insufficient fertilizer supply in the middle and late stages of the traditional planting of konjac can be effectively solved, and the problem of causing the konjac to reduce the resistance to pathogens and causing the soft rot of the continuous cropping konjac to break out is effectively solved. On this basis, the present invention also adopts the konjac pesticide root and leaf interface preventive measures of the lime disinfecting combined system in the early stage konjac test site, and the system prevents the soft rot of konjac from breaking out. The present invention effectively solves the technical problem that the soft rot of the continuous cropping konjac is very easy to breed and spread, and provides a technical basis for fundamentally solving the soft rot of the continuous cropping flower konjac.

[0083] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preventing and controlling soft rot of konjac and / or increasing konjac yield, characterized in that: The steps include: (1) Spreading new biochar soil conditioner on the planting land; (2) Make ridges on the planting land and spread konjac controlled-release formula fertilizer on the ridges; (3) Digging ponds on the ridges and planting konjac; The novel biochar soil conditioner is prepared from the following components by weight: 650-700 parts of biochar, 8-12 parts of localized functional bacterial agent, and 300-350 parts of water; The localized functional bacterial agent is prepared from the following components by weight: 3.8-4.2 parts of microbial agents containing Bacillus Velez, Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma, 0.9-1.1 parts of microbial agents containing aminobutyric acid, and 4.8-5.2 parts of microbial agents containing polyglutamic acid; The konjac controlled-release formula fertilizer comprises a high-nitrogen controlled-release fertilizer and a high-phosphorus and high-potassium blended fertilizer; The high nitrogen controlled release fertilizer is prepared from the following components by weight: 600-700 parts of urea, 280-320 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and 48-52 parts of tung oil rosin coating material; The high-phosphorus and high-potassium blended fertilizer is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 75-85 parts of superphosphate, 550-650 parts of potassium sulfate and 300-350 parts of monoammonium phosphate.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The amount of the application in step (1) is 400-600 kg / mu.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that The amount of the application in step (2) is 40-60 kg / mu.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that The carbon content of the biochar in the novel biochar soil conditioner is greater than or equal to 60%; The microbial agent containing Bacillus Velez, Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma is obtained by mixing Bacillus Velez YWF-17-0003, Bacillus subtilis YWS-20-2072 and Trichoderma WSWFJ-17 according to a mass ratio of 1.8-2.2:1.8-2.2:0.8-1.2; The concentration of the Bacillus Velezii YWF-17-0003 is 250-350 billion CFU / mL; the concentration of the Bacillus subtilis YWS-20-2072 is 250-350 billion CFU / mL; the concentration of the Trichoderma WSWFJ-17 is 75-85 billion CFU / mL; The aminobutyric acid-containing microbial agent is obtained by mixing Bacillus licheniformis WSWFJ40 and Bacillus subtilis WSWFJ44 in a mass ratio of 0.8-1.2:0.8-1.2; The concentration of the Bacillus licheniformis WSWFJ40 is 1.8-2.2 billion CFU / g; the concentration of the Bacillus subtilis WSWFJ44 is 1.8-2.2 billion CFU / g; the content of gamma-aminobutyric acid in the aminobutyric acid-containing microbial agent is 0.1-1.0%, and the content of glutathione is 0.05-0.2%; The polyglutamic acid-containing microbial agent is obtained by mixing Bacillus licheniformis WSWFJ40, Bacillus subtilis YWS-20-2071 and Bacillus WSWFJ41 according to a mass ratio of 0.8-1.2:1.8-2.2:0.8-1.2; The concentration of the Bacillus licheniformis WSWFJ40 is 95 to 105 billion CFU / g; the concentration of the Bacillus subtilis YWS-20-2071 is 95 to 105 billion CFU / g; the concentration of the Bacillus WSWFJ41 is 95 to 105 billion CFU / g.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that The mass ratio of the high-nitrogen controlled-release fertilizer to the high-phosphorus and high-potassium blended fertilizer is 0.8-1.2:0.8-1.2; The N content of urea in the high nitrogen controlled release fertilizer is 40-50%; the K2O content of the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is 12-16%, the MgO content is 10-15%, the CaO content is 25-30%, the Fe2O3 content is 15-18%, and the SiO2 content is 25-40%; the N content of the tung oil rosin coating material is 10-12%, and the P2O5 content is 45-61%; The P2O5 content of the superphosphate in the high-phosphorus and high-potassium blended fertilizer is 12-16%; the K2O content of the potassium sulfate is 50-52%; the N content of the monoammonium phosphate is 10-12%, and the P2O5 content is 45-61%.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that Before planting in step (3), the konjac is pretreated, and the pretreatment method is: after the konjac is turned over in the sun, it is soaked in seed treatment liquid for 3 to 7 minutes.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that The time for sunlight drying is 20 to 30 days, and the seeds are turned 3 to 5 times a day during the drying period.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that The seed treatment solution is prepared by mixing levofloxacin·fludioxonil, purgedhiamicin·high chlorfluanid and imidacloprid in a mass volume ratio of 0.8-1.2 L: 0.8-1.2 L: 650-750 g and diluting the mixture by 800-1200 times.

9. A novel biochar soil conditioner for use in the method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. A konjac controlled-release formula fertilizer used in the method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

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