Special set fertilizer for apple trees in Shandong producing area
Through the scientifically proportioned apple tree special set fertilizer, the problem of unreasonable fertilization of apple trees in Shandong production areas has been solved, the nutrient absorption and seedling growth of apple trees has been improved, the yield and quality of apples has been increased, and fertilizer investment and labor costs have been reduced. It has improved soil acidification and environmental pollution, and achieved green, efficient and sustainable development of the apple industry.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411330363.1
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-09-24
- Publication Date
- 2024-12-17
AI Technical Summary
The existing technology of apple tree fertilization in Shandong produces areas has problems such as low fertilizer utilization rate, high cost, poor fruit quality, imbalance of soil nutrients and environmental pollution. The market lacks package fertilizer products suitable for the entire growth period of apple trees, resulting in unreasonable fertilization.
Provide a special set fertilizer for apple trees in Shandong producing areas, including base fertilizer, germination fertilizer, first-time fruit fertilizer and second-time fruit fertilizer. Through scientifically proportioned microbial compound fertilizer, balanced potassium sulfate compound fertilizer and inorganic fiber soil Improvers meet the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium needs of apple trees during different growth periods and improve soil structure and environment.
It improves nutrient absorption and seedling growth of apple trees, increases apple yield and quality, reduces fertilizer investment and labor costs, improves soil acidification and environmental pollution problems, and achieves green, efficient and sustainable development of the apple industry.
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Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention relates to the field of fruit tree planting, in particular to a special package fertilizer for apple trees in a Shandong production area. Background Art
[0002] Shandong Province is planned by the state as a superior production area for apples in China due to its superior geographical and ecological conditions. In 2022, the apple planting area in Shandong Province is 240,200 hectares, accounting for 12% of the national apple planting area; the apple output is 10.064 million tons, accounting for 21.2% of the national total apple output. By 2024, the apple planting area in Shandong Province is nearly 4 million mu, of which more than 600,000 mu are apple orchards with modern cultivation models, and the apple yield and apple export volume have been ranked first in the country for many years. However, Shandong is restricted by the shortage of land resources, resulting in the current planting status of fruit trees "going up the mountains and down the beaches, not competing with grain and cotton for good land". Therefore, the orchard construction conditions in Shandong production areas are relatively poor, and usually require a large amount of artificial nutrients to maintain the yield and quality of the orchard. In recent years, as the economic benefits of apple planting are higher than those of crops, and many fruit farmers lack scientific knowledge of fertilization and management, and pursue the concept of "high input, high output", they have caused serious problems of over-fertilization. This has not only reduced the fertilizer utilization rate year by year, but also increased the fertilizer input cost, and caused the fruit quality to gradually deteriorate. At the same time, it has also caused soil nutrient imbalance, environmental pollution problems such as water, soil and atmosphere, which seriously restricted the green, efficient and sustainable development of the apple industry.
[0003] From the perspective of fertilization structure, fruit farmers mainly use chemical fertilizers, with less organic fertilizers and a low nutrient content. The results of the investigation of the fertilization structure in Shandong apple producing areas show that 57.2% of fruit farmers use organic fertilizers, and more than 40% of farmers do not use organic fertilizers. The amount of organic fertilizer used varies greatly among orchards. Among fruit farmers who use organic fertilizers, 66% use chicken manure, followed by soil fertilizer, cow manure, pig manure, sheep manure, pen manure, commercial organic fertilizer, fish protein organic fertilizer, etc., while the proportion of biofertilizer and crop straw is very small, less than 1%. From the perspective of the number of fertilizations, fruit farmers mostly fertilize 5-6 times, which not only causes a waste of fertilizer resources, but also increases the demand for agricultural labor. The shortage of agricultural labor is a common problem in current agricultural production, especially in the cultivation and management of fruit trees. From the perspective of the fertilizer market, the market competition is fierce, and the formula of fertilizer types mainly based on compound fertilizers is unreasonable. It is difficult for farmers to select fertilizers suitable for the growth of apple trees, resulting in the purchased fertilizers not necessarily being suitable for the growth needs of apple trees.
[0004] At the same time, the fertilization of apple trees in Shandong production areas does not fully consider the appropriate proportion of fertilizer for apple trees throughout the entire growth period, and there are not many package products suitable for the entire growth period of apple trees in Shandong production areas on the market. The application amount and period of existing special fertilizers for fruit trees are poorly matched with the nutrient needs of apples. The apple fertilizer products on the market are mainly focused on fertilizing apples in a certain period, and there is no special design of fertilizers required by fruit trees at different periods in combination with the growth needs of fruit trees. Therefore, a rationalized package fertilizer for apple trees in Shandong production areas is urgently needed. Summary of the invention
[0005] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a special package fertilizer for apple trees in Shandong production area. The special package fertilizer for apple trees provided by the present invention helps to achieve green development of Shandong apple industry by improving soil, saving costs, promoting growth, improving quality, increasing efficiency, increasing production and increasing income.
[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:
[0007] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a special fertilizer package for apple trees in Shandong production area, the special fertilizer package comprising base fertilizer, budding fertilizer, first fruit swelling fertilizer and second fruit swelling fertilizer;
[0008] The base fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 8-16 parts of microbial compound fertilizer, 1-5 parts of balanced potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, and 25-35 parts of inorganic fiber soil conditioner.
[0009] The germination fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of nitric-sulfur-based high-nitrogen compound fertilizer and 10-15 parts of humic acid urea.
[0010] The first fruit swelling fertilizer is a nitric-sulfur based high nitrogen compound fertilizer.
[0011] The second fruit swelling fertilizer includes the following components in parts by weight: 1-2 parts of nitric-sulfur-based high-potassium compound fertilizer and 1-2 parts of potassium sulfate.
[0012] The base fertilizer provides 37±3% nitrogen, 76±3% phosphorus and 25±3% potassium throughout the growth period; the bud fertilizer provides 33±3% nitrogen, 8±3% phosphorus and 6±3% potassium throughout the growth period; the first topdressing during the fruit swelling period provides 18±3% nitrogen, 8±3% phosphorus and 6±3% potassium throughout the growth period; the second topdressing during the fruit swelling period provides 12±3% nitrogen, 8±3% phosphorus and 63±3% potassium throughout the growth period.
[0013] The present invention determines the amount and scientific ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium chemical nutrients in special fertilizers based on the nutrient supply characteristics of Shandong apple producing areas and the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient absorption characteristics of apples. It is finally determined that the base fertilizer period is mainly to promote nutrient return and enhance tree resistance, and 37% nitrogen, 76% phosphorus and 25% potassium are applied during the whole growth period; the budding period is mainly to promote budding and flowering, and 33% nitrogen, 8% phosphorus and 6% potassium are applied; the first fruit-swelling fertilizer is mainly to promote germination differentiation and fruit growth, and 18% nitrogen, 8% phosphorus and 6% potassium are applied; the second fruit-swelling fertilizer is mainly to expand the fruit, and 12% nitrogen, 8% phosphorus and 63% potassium are applied; (wherein, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in each period can have a deviation of ±3%, but it is still necessary to ensure that the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in each period is equal to 100% of the fertilizers required for the whole growth period). The nitrogen dosage design fully considers the target apple yield absorption and environmental nutrient input (such as atmospheric nitrogen deposition and irrigation) in the region; the phosphorus and potassium dosage design fully considers the target apple yield absorption and soil nutrient supply in the region.
[0014] The organic matter content of the microbial compound fertilizer is greater than 20%, and the effective active bacteria content is greater than 20 million per gram; the fulvic acid content of the balanced potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is greater than 0.1%, and the total sulfur content is greater than 4%; the SiO2 content of the inorganic fiber soil conditioner is 50%-70%, the CaO content is 20%-40%, and the MgO content is 5%-25%.
[0015] The effective active bacteria are one or a mixture of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens.
[0016] Since most of the existing packaged special fertilizers do not take into account the problems of poor organic matter in orchard soil and soil acidification, the present invention adopts a combination of microbial compound fertilizer, balanced potassium sulfate compound fertilizer and inorganic fiber soil conditioner. When the base fertilizer for fruit trees is applied, the addition of microbial compound fertilizer can improve the soil and increase the level of soil organic matter. Microbial compound fertilizer has comprehensive nutrient elements, slow and long-lasting fertilizer effect, while balanced potassium sulfate compound fertilizer has comprehensive ingredients, high nutrient content, and fast fertilizer effect. The application of organic fertilizer and quick-acting chemical fertilizer can help each other in time and complement each other. At the same time, the humus produced by the decomposition of organic matter has the ability to absorb ions such as ammonium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, and iron, thereby reducing the loss of chemical fertilizers and improving fertilizer effect; inorganic fiber soil conditioner is a green inorganic alkaline material with a wide source of raw materials and low cost. It contains sufficient calcium, magnesium, silicon and other medium elements to provide the required nutrition for apple growth and development; the calcium, magnesium, silicon and other elements contained can interact with soil acidic substances through ion reactions to increase the pH value of the soil. The loose and porous physical properties can improve soil structure, increase soil porosity, improve soil water retention capacity, and improve soil acidification in Shandong apple orchards.
[0017] In the base fertilizer, the mass ratio of nitrogen provided by the microbial compound fertilizer and the balanced potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is 1:0.5-0.6; the mass ratio of phosphorus provided by the microbial compound fertilizer and the balanced potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is 1:0.5-0.6; the mass ratio of potassium provided by the microbial compound fertilizer and the balanced potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is 1:0.9-1.
[0018] The balanced potassium sulfate compound fertilizer (17-17-17) contains relatively balanced ratios of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, which can meet the comprehensive nutritional needs of plants and promote the growth and development of plants in all growth stages. The balanced potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is matched with a plant growth regulator humic acid (content of more than 0.1%) and a trace element sulfur (content of more than 4%) required by apples. The applied balanced potassium sulfate compound fertilizer and inorganic fiber soil conditioner improve the physical properties of the soil, alleviate soil acidification, thereby enhancing the stress resistance of apple trees, and increasing the storage nutrition of fruit trees, enhancing tree vigor, and improving soil and root nourishment.
[0019] The total sulfur content of the nitric-sulfur-based high-nitrogen compound fertilizer in the germination fertilizer is greater than 2.5%, and the humic acid content of the humic acid urea is greater than 0.12%.
[0020] In the germination fertilizer, the mass ratio of nitrogen provided by the nitrate-sulfur-based high-nitrogen compound fertilizer and humic acid urea is 1:0.6-0.7; phosphorus is provided by the nitrate-sulfur-based high-nitrogen compound fertilizer; and potassium is provided by the nitrate-sulfur-based high-nitrogen compound fertilizer.
[0021] Nitrate-sulfur-based high nitrogen compound fertilizer (23-5-8) is a compound fertilizer composed of multiple nutrient elements such as potassium nitrate and ammonium sulfate. The potassium, nitrogen, sulfur and other elements contained in potassium nitrate and ammonium sulfate are all essential elements for plant growth. The reasonable proportion can provide balanced nutrition for plants, enhance the immunity and resistance of fruit trees, optimize the soil nutrient structure, and improve fertilizer efficiency. It can reduce the number of fertilization and the amount of fertilizer used, thereby reducing costs and improving economic benefits. It is applied during the budding period of fruit trees, when the temperature is relatively low, and the rapid release of quick-acting nitrogen can meet the needs of apple budding and flowering in time.
[0022] Humic acid urea contains organic matter, humic acid, nitrogen, secondary elements (calcium, magnesium, sulfur) and various trace elements, providing various nutrients for crops. Humic acid can reduce the volatilization of ammonia in urea, inhibit the activity of soil urease, and improve the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer. At the same time, it can alleviate the soil acidification problem caused by the application of chemical fertilizers and improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil. Applying humic acid urea during the budding period of fruit trees can achieve the effects of adjusting the soil and rooting, increasing the size of the fruit, reducing losses and increasing efficiency.
[0023] The first fruit swelling fertilizer provided by the present invention is a nitrate-sulfur-based high-nitrogen compound fertilizer, in which nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are provided by the nitrate-sulfur-based high-nitrogen compound fertilizer. The nitrate-sulfur-based high-nitrogen compound fertilizer is applied during the first fruit swelling period of the fruit tree to prevent nutrient deficiency and promote germination differentiation.
[0024] The total sulfur content of the nitric-sulfur-based high-potassium compound fertilizer in the second fruit-swelling fertilizer is greater than 7%, the nitrate nitrogen content is greater than 6%, the boron content is greater than 0.02%, the zinc content is greater than 0.04%, and the total amount of trace elements is greater than 0.06%.
[0025] In the second fruit-swelling fertilizer, phosphorus, nitrogen and potassium are provided by nitrate-sulfur-based high-potassium compound fertilizer; wherein the mass ratio of potassium provided by the nitrate-sulfur-based high-potassium compound fertilizer and potassium sulfate is 1:2-2.1.
[0026] The fruit expansion period is the period when potassium is most needed. Insufficient potassium at this time will seriously affect the expansion speed and size of the fruit. Nitrosulfur-based high-potassium compound fertilizer is a compound fertilizer composed of multiple nutrients such as potassium nitrate and ammonium sulfate. The potassium, nitrogen, sulfur, boron, zinc and other elements contained in potassium nitrate and ammonium sulfate are all essential elements for plant growth. The reasonable proportion can provide balanced nutrition for plants, enhance the immunity and resistance of fruit trees, optimize the soil nutrient structure, and improve fertilizer efficiency. It can reduce the number of fertilizations and the amount of fertilizers used, thereby reducing costs and improving economic benefits. When the second fruit expansion fertilizer is applied to fruit trees, sufficient quick-acting potassium can promote the rapid transportation of leaf photosynthetic products to new branches and fruits, and promote the expansion of fruits.
[0027] In a second aspect, the present invention provides the use of the above-mentioned special package fertilizer for apple trees in the Shandong production area in any one of the following (1)-(4):
[0028] (1) Increase apple production;
[0029] (2) Improve apple quality;
[0030] (3) Promote the growth of apple tree seedlings;
[0031] (4) Improve soil acidification.
[0032] In a third aspect, the present invention provides a method for increasing the yield and improving the quality of apple trees in Shandong production area, comprising the following steps:
[0033] (1) During the fruit ripening period of the previous season, apply 1.8-2.0 kg of basal fertilizer to each tree;
[0034] (2) During the budding period, apply 0.4-0.6 kg of budding fertilizer to each tree;
[0035] (3) During the first fruit expansion period, apply 0.3-0.5 kg of the first fruit expansion fertilizer to each tree;
[0036] (4) During the second fruit expansion period, apply 0.6-0.8 kg of second fruit expansion fertilizer to each tree.
[0037] The special package fertilizer for apple trees in Shandong production area provided by the present invention is applied 4 times in total during the whole growth period of apples, wherein the total nitrogen dosage is 0.30-0.40 kg / tree, the total phosphorus dosage is 0.15-0.2 kg / tree, and the total potassium dosage is 0.30-0.40 kg / tree;
[0038] The amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is calculated based on the mass of the N element, the amount of the phosphate fertilizer is calculated based on the mass of P2O5, and the amount of the potash fertilizer is calculated based on the mass of K2O.
[0039] The balanced potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, nitrate-sulfur based high nitrogen compound fertilizer and nitrate-sulfur based high potassium compound fertilizer in the special package fertilizer for apple trees in the Shandong production area are prepared by a high tower granulation process, and the production process includes: feeding - crushing - metering - mixing - granulation - screening - packaging; the remaining fertilizers are prepared by an extrusion granulation process, and the production process includes: crushing - blending - extrusion - cooling - packaging.
[0040] The apple tree-specific fertilizer package provided by the present invention provides different forms of nitrogen and numerous medium and trace elements in different growth periods of apples. The nitrosulfur-based compound fertilizer applied in the budding period and the fruit expansion period is a compound fertilizer composed of multiple nutrient elements such as potassium nitrate and ammonium sulfate, contains medium and trace elements, and has a reasonable nutrient ratio, which can optimize the soil nutrient structure and provide balanced nutrition for plants. The humic acid urea applied in the budding period contains ammonium nitrogen, humic acid and medium and trace elements, providing sufficient nutrients for plants; at the same time, it can also reduce the volatilization of ammonia in urea, inhibit the activity of soil urease, improve the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer, and extend the nitrogen supply time. In the base fertilizer period, a combination of microbial compound fertilizer, balanced potassium sulfate compound fertilizer and inorganic fiber soil conditioner is selected, and the addition of microbial compound fertilizer can improve the soil and improve the level of soil organic matter; the balanced potassium sulfate compound fertilizer has comprehensive ingredients, high nutrient content, fast fertilizer effect, promotes the nutrient return of fruit trees, and increases nutrient storage; the inorganic fiber soil conditioner can effectively solve the problem of soil acidification in the orchard, improve the soil structure, enhance the ability to retain water and fertilizer, and improve the effectiveness of nutrients.
[0041] Beneficial effects of the present invention:
[0042] 1. The special package fertilizer for apple trees in Shandong production area provided by the present invention can enhance nutrient absorption of apple trees, promote the growth of apple tree seedlings, and improve apple yield and quality. According to the apple tree planting area, the special package fertilizer for apple trees in Shandong production area proposed can avoid the phenomenon of unreasonable fertilizer application, give apple trees a suitable and stable nutrient ratio throughout the growth period, and help achieve the green development of Shandong apple industry.
[0043] 2. The apple tree fertilizer package provided by the present invention avoids the problems of poor organic matter and soil acidification in orchards that are not considered in most existing fertilizer packages, and can be widely used in apple orchard soil acidification improvement. By formulating a reasonable formula and reducing fertilizer input, while ensuring the nutrient supply of apples at different growth stages, the fertilizer cost is saved, the number of fertilizations is reduced, and the labor cost in the orchard is reduced. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0044] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are illustrative and are intended to provide further explanation of the present application. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present application belongs.
[0045] As mentioned above, Shandong Province is classified as an advantageous production area for apple production in China due to its superior geographical environment. Fertilization is crucial to the growth of apple trees and is a key factor affecting the development of the apple industry. Irrational fertilization increases the input cost of fertilizers and also causes the quality of the fruit to gradually deteriorate. The amount and period of application of existing special fertilizers for fruit trees are poorly matched with the nutrient requirements of apples. Few fertilizers are specially designed for fruit trees at different stages in combination with the growth needs of fruit trees. Patent CN115093293A discloses a special package fertilizer for apple trees, which provides a fertilizer package for the entire growth period of apple trees. According to the nutrient demand characteristics of apple trees, the previous Fruit trees need to fully photosynthesize and promote flower bud differentiation. Therefore, apple trees have a large demand for phosphorus in the early stage. The peak period of potassium demand is in the middle and late stages of apple tree growth. In the early stage, the absorption of potassium is less. The patent applies 50±3% of phosphorus in the whole growth period during the basal fertilizer period. For the nutrient needs of fruit trees, the amount of phosphorus applied in the early stage is not enough to fully meet the needs of fruit trees for photosynthesis and flower bud differentiation. For potassium, the patent applies 20±3% of potassium in the whole growth period during the basal fertilizer period and the budding period, respectively, and only applies 30±3% of potassium in the whole growth period during the later fruit expansion period. There is a problem of excessive potassium application in the early stage and insufficient potassium supply in the later stage, which is prone to premature aging of fruits. The phosphorus application amount and potassium application amount in the package fertilizer provided by the patent do not fully consider the nutrient absorption characteristics of apple trees. Therefore, a rational package fertilizer for apple trees in Shandong production area is urgently needed to meet the appropriate nutrient needs of apple trees throughout the growth period.
[0046] Based on this, the present invention provides a special package fertilizer for apple trees in Shandong production area based on the nutrient supply characteristics of Shandong apple production area and the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient absorption characteristics of apples. The special package fertilizer for apple trees provided by the present invention provides different forms of nitrogen and many medium and trace elements in different growth periods of apples. In the base fertilizer period, a combination of microbial compound fertilizer, balanced potassium sulfate compound fertilizer and inorganic fiber soil conditioner is selected. The addition of microbial compound fertilizer can improve the soil and increase the level of soil organic matter; balanced potassium sulfate compound fertilizer has comprehensive ingredients, high nutrient content, fast fertilizer effect, promotes nutrient return of fruit trees, and increases nutrient storage; inorganic fiber soil conditioner can effectively solve the problem of acidification of orchard soil, improve soil structure, enhance water and fertilizer retention capacity, and improve nutrient effectiveness. The nitro-sulfur-based compound fertilizer applied in the budding period and fruit expansion period is a compound fertilizer composed of multiple nutrient elements such as potassium nitrate and ammonium sulfate, contains medium and trace elements, and has a reasonable nutrient ratio. It can optimize the soil nutrient structure and provide balanced nutrition for plants. The humic acid urea applied during the budding period contains ammonium nitrogen, humic acid and trace elements, which can provide sufficient nutrients for plants; at the same time, it can also reduce the volatilization of ammonia in urea, inhibit the activity of soil urease, improve the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer, and prolong the nitrogen supply time.
[0047] By improving the fertilizer composition of base fertilizer, bud fertilizer, first fruit swelling fertilizer and second fruit swelling fertilizer as well as the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium supply ratio during the growth period, the present application has at least the following three outstanding technical effects compared with the prior art:
[0048] 1. The package fertilizer uses humic acid enhanced urea to optimize the nitrogen fertilizer components and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratios, has certain synchronous nutritional performance, and is in line with the nutrient demand laws of fruit tree growth and development and the climate and soil conditions of Shandong production areas.
[0049] 2. The base fertilizer components include microbial compound fertilizer and calcium magnesium silicate soil conditioner, which can effectively solve the soil acidification problem in the apple orchard, provide medium-amount nutrients, and improve the physical and chemical properties of the orchard soil.
[0050] 3. The package fertilizer increased the amount of phosphorus applied in the early stage, which can promote photosynthesis and flower bud differentiation, and promote the growth of fruit trees. For potassium, the amount of potassium applied in the early stage was reduced, and two topdressings for fruit swelling were added in the later stage. Sufficient quick-acting potassium can promote the expansion of fruits and improve the quality of apples.
[0051] The following detailed description is for illustrative purposes only and is intended to provide further explanation of the present application, rather than to limit the scope of the present invention.
[0052] The microbial compound fertilizer, balanced potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, nitrate-sulfur-based high nitrogen compound fertilizer, humic acid urea, nitrate-sulfur-based high potassium compound fertilizer, nitrate-sulfur-based high potassium compound fertilizer, and potassium sulfate used in the examples were all purchased from Henan Xinlianxin Chemical Industry Group Co., Ltd.; the inorganic fiber soil conditioner was purchased from Zibo Huayuan Technology Innovation Development Co., Ltd.
[0053] Example 1: Preparation of base fertilizer, bud fertilizer, first fruit swelling fertilizer, and second fruit swelling fertilizer
[0054] 1. Preparation of basal fertilizer
[0055] To prepare 50 kg of the above-mentioned base fertilizer product, 12.9 kg of microbial compound fertilizer (nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium: 6-6-3) is needed; 2.6 kg of balanced potassium sulfate compound fertilizer (nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium: 17-17-17) is needed; and 34.5 kg of inorganic fiber soil conditioner is needed.
[0056] The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of the base fertilizer is 8-8-5. In the base fertilizer, the nitrogen mass ratio provided by the microbial compound fertilizer and the balanced potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is 1:0.5-0.6; the phosphorus mass ratio provided by the microbial compound fertilizer and the balanced potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is 1:0.5-0.6; the potassium mass ratio provided by the microbial compound fertilizer and the balanced potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is 1:0.9-1.
[0057] 2. Preparation of germination fertilizer
[0058] To prepare 50 kg of the above-mentioned germination fertilizer product, 37.6 kg of nitric-sulfur-based high-nitrogen compound fertilizer (nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium: 23-5-8) and 12.4 kg of humic acid urea (nitrogen content 46%) are needed.
[0059] The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of the sprout fertilizer is 29-4-6. In the sprout fertilizer, the nitrogen mass ratio provided by the nitrate-sulfur-based high nitrogen compound fertilizer and humic acid urea is 1:0.6-0.7; phosphorus is provided by the nitrate-sulfur-based high nitrogen compound fertilizer; potassium is provided by the nitrate-sulfur-based high nitrogen compound fertilizer.
[0060] 3. Preparation of the first fruit-swelling fertilizer
[0061] To prepare 50 kg of the above-mentioned first fruit swelling fertilizer product, 50 kg of nitrate-sulfur-based high-nitrogen compound fertilizer (23-5-8) is needed.
[0062] The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of the first fruit-swelling fertilizer is 23-5-8. In the first fruit-swelling fertilizer, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are provided by nitric-sulfur-based high-nitrogen compound fertilizer.
[0063] 4. Preparation of the second fruit-swelling fertilizer
[0064] To prepare 50 kg of the above-mentioned second fruit-swelling fertilizer product, you need 25 kg of nitrate-sulfur-based high-potassium compound fertilizer (15-5-25) and 25 kg of potassium sulfate (potassium content 50%).
[0065] The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of the second fruit-swelling fertilizer is 8-3-38. In the second fruit-swelling fertilizer, nitrogen is provided by nitrate-sulfur-based high-potassium compound fertilizer; phosphorus is provided by nitrate-sulfur-based high-potassium compound fertilizer; the mass ratio of potassium provided by nitrate-sulfur-based high-potassium compound fertilizer and potassium sulfate is 1:2-2.1.
[0066] Example 2: Verification of the effect of apple tree fertilizer package on apple trees under field conditions
[0067] (1) Test method
[0068] A field test of apple tree planting was carried out in Qixia, Shandong Province. Seven-year-old Jinshuai apple trees were divided into a control group and an experimental group. Both the control group and the experimental group were 1 mu, and the planting density of the apple trees was 100 trees / mu. The fruit trees in the control group and the experimental group were only different in the fertilizers applied. The control group applied traditional package fertilizers, and the experimental group applied the package fertilizers provided by the present invention. Other culture conditions remained the same, wherein the specific fertilization treatments of the control group and the experimental group were as follows:
[0069] Control group: Base fertilizer product with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of 5-4-4, prepared from sheep manure and Xinlianxin balanced compound fertilizer (nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium: 17-17-17), 1.8 kg per tree; Bud fertilizer product with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of 17-4-16, prepared from Xinlianxin urea (nitrogen content 46%), Xinlianxin monoammonium phosphate (nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium: 11-44-0), Xinlianxin potassium sulfate (potassium content 50%), 1.3 kg per tree; First fruit expansion fertilizer product with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium The ratio is 17-17-17, which is made of Xinlianxin balanced compound fertilizer (nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium: 17-17-17), and each tree is 0.3 kg; the second fruit-swelling fertilizer product has a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of 12-10-18, which is made of Xinlianxin high potassium compound fertilizer (nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium: 12-10-18), and each tree is used 0.3 kg; the final control group has a nitrogen dosage of 550 kg / ha, a phosphorus dosage of 275 kg / ha, and a potassium dosage of 550 kg / ha during the entire growth period. The base fertilizer and bud fertilizer are applied in furrows, and the two fruit-swelling fertilizers are applied by surface broadcasting, and watering is applied after fertilization.
[0070] Experimental group: The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the base fertilizer product is 8-8-5, and the amount used for each tree is 1.8 kg; the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the bud fertilizer product is 29-4-6, and the amount used for each tree is 0.4 kg; the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the first fruit expansion fertilizer product is 23-5-8, and the amount used for each tree is 0.3 kg. The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the second fruit expansion fertilizer is 8-3-38, and the amount used for each tree is 0.6 kg. In the end, the nitrogen dosage of apples in the experimental group during the entire growth period is 550 kg / ha, the phosphorus dosage is 275 kg / ha, and the potassium dosage is 550 kg / ha. The base fertilizer and bud fertilizer are applied in furrows, and the two fruit expansion fertilizers are applied by surface broadcasting, and water is applied after fertilization.
[0071] After the apple trees in the control group and the experimental group matured, the experimental effect of each group of apples was counted, where: yield increase rate (%) = (apple yield of the experimental group - apple yield of the control group) / apple yield of the control group × 100%;
[0072] Single fruit weight growth rate (%) = (single fruit weight of experimental group - single fruit weight of control group) / single fruit weight of control group × 100%;
[0073] Fruit shape index growth rate (%) = (transverse diameter of fruit in experimental group - transverse diameter of fruit in control group) / transverse diameter of fruit in control group × 100;
[0074] Soluble solid content growth rate (%) = (soluble solid content of experimental group - soluble solid content of control group) / soluble solid content of control group × 100%;
[0075] Solid acid ratio growth rate (%) = (solid acid ratio of experimental group - solid acid ratio of control group) / solid acid ratio of control group × 100%;
[0076] Vc content growth rate (%) = (Vc content in the experimental group - Vc content in the control group) / Vc content in the control group × 100%;
[0077] Growth rate of new shoot nitrogen accumulation (%) = (nitrogen accumulation of new shoots in the experimental group - nitrogen accumulation of new shoots in the control group) / nitrogen accumulation of new shoots in the control group × 100%;
[0078] Income increase rate (%) = (income of fruit farmers in the experimental group - income of fruit farmers in the control group) / income of fruit farmers in the control group × 100%;
[0079] Soil pH growth rate (%) = (soil pH of experimental group - soil pH of control group) / soil pH of control group × 100%;
[0080] Soil moisture growth rate (%) = (soil moisture content of the experimental group - soil moisture content of the control group) / soil moisture content of the control group × 100%;
[0081] Soil bulk density reduction rate (%) = (soil bulk density of the control group - soil bulk density of the experimental group) / soil bulk density of the control group × 100%;
[0082] Soil organic matter growth rate (%) = (soil organic matter in the experimental group - soil organic matter in the control group) / soil organic matter in the control group × 100%;
[0083] Soil urease activity reduction rate (%) = (soil urease activity in the control group - soil urease activity in the experimental group) / soil urease activity in the control group × 100%.
[0084] (2) Test results
[0085] As can be seen from Table 1, the experimental group using the apple tree special package fertilizer product provided by the present invention, compared with the control group using the traditional package fertilizer product, increased production by 25.9%, single fruit weight increased by 9.5%, fruit shape index increased by 8.7%, soluble solid content increased by nearly 12.0%, solid-acid ratio increased by 22.8%, Vc content increased by 31.1%, and income increased by 25.9%. It fully illustrates that the apple tree special package fertilizer product provided by the present invention has the effect of increasing production and improving quality of apples in Shandong apple producing areas, and promotes fruit farmers to increase production and income.
[0086] As can be seen from Table 2, the experimental group using the apple tree special fertilizer package provided by the present invention, compared with the control group using the traditional fertilizer package, the soil pH increased by 9.5%, the soil moisture content increased by 13.4%, the soil bulk density decreased by 6.2%, the soil organic matter increased by 5.3%, and the soil urease activity decreased by 16.4%. It fully demonstrates that the apple tree special fertilizer package provided by the present invention has the effect of alleviating and improving the soil acidification in the Shandong apple producing area, improving the soil physical properties, increasing the soil porosity, and improving the soil water retention capacity.
[0087] Table 1: Comparison of apple test results of different fertilizer products
[0088]
[0089] Table 2: Comparison of soil test results of different fertilizer products in apple orchards
[0090]
[0091] Example 2: Potted plant test verification of the effect of apple tree special package fertilizer on apple trees
[0092] (1) Test method
[0093] A potted experiment was carried out in Tai'an, Shandong. First, 2-year-old Yanfu 3 / M26 / Pingyi Tiancha apple saplings were transplanted into clay pots (33 cm in height / 52 cm in outer diameter / 28.5 cm in bottom diameter). 25 kg of soil (group ratio) was used in each pot. A total of 12 pots were transplanted and evenly divided into treatment group 1 and treatment group 2. The only difference between treatment group 1 and treatment group 2 was the fertilizer applied. Treatment group 1 applied traditional package fertilizer, and treatment group 2 applied the package fertilizer provided by the present invention. The culture conditions were kept consistent. The specific fertilization treatments for treatment group 1 and treatment group 2 were as follows:
[0094] Treatment 1: The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the base fertilizer product was 5-4-4, and the amount used for each pot of fruit trees was 24 grams; the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the bud fertilizer product was 17-4-16, and the amount used for each pot of fruit trees was 17 grams; the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the first fruit expansion fertilizer product was 17-17-17, and the amount used for each pot of fruit trees was 4 grams; the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the second fruit expansion fertilizer product was 12-10-18, and the amount used for each pot of fruit trees was 4 grams; finally, the farmers' traditional nitrogen fertilizer usage during the whole growth period was 4.8 grams / pot, phosphorus fertilizer usage was 2.4 grams / pot, and potassium fertilizer usage was 4.8 grams / pot. The base fertilizer and bud fertilizer were applied in furrows, and the two fruit expansion fertilizer applications were applied by surface broadcasting, and watering was applied after fertilization.
[0095] Treatment 2: The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the base fertilizer product is 8-8-5, and the amount used for each pot of fruit trees is 24 grams; the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the bud fertilizer product is 29-4-6, and the amount used for each pot of fruit trees is 5 grams; the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the first fruit expansion fertilizer product is 23-5-8, and the amount used for each pot of fruit trees is 4 grams. The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the second fruit expansion fertilizer is 8-3-38, and the amount used for each pot of fruit trees is 8 grams. The final optimized package is 4.8 grams of nitrogen fertilizer per pot, 2.4 grams of phosphorus fertilizer per pot, and 4.8 grams of potassium fertilizer per pot during the entire growth period of apples. The base fertilizer and bud fertilizer are applied in furrows, and the two fruit expansion fertilizers are applied by surface broadcasting, and water is applied after fertilization.
[0096] Then, after 180 days of the experiment, the potted test effects of each group of apples were counted, among which, the growth rate of new shoot length (%) = (new shoot length of treatment group 2 - new shoot length of treatment group 1) / new shoot length of treatment group 1 × 100%; the growth rate of new shoot leaf SAPD (%) = (new shoot leaf SAPD of treatment group 2 - new shoot leaf SAPD of treatment group 1) / new shoot leaf SAPD of treatment group 1 × 100%; the growth rate of stem diameter (%) = (stem diameter of treatment group 2 - stem diameter of treatment group 1) / stem diameter of treatment group 1 × 100%; the growth rate of plant height (%) = (plant height of treatment group 2 - plant height of treatment group 1) / plant height of treatment group 1 × 100%;
[0097] (2) Test results
[0098] As shown in Table 3, in the treatment group 2 using the apple tree special package fertilizer product provided by the present invention, compared with the treatment group 1 using the traditional package fertilizer product, the length of the new shoots of the apple seedlings increased by 37.20%, the SAPD of the new shoot leaves increased by 32.00%, the stem diameter increased by 47.17%, and the plant height increased by 10.95%. It fully demonstrates that the apple tree special package fertilizer product provided by the present invention has the effect of promoting the growth of apple tree seedlings.
[0099] Table 3: Comparison of apple test results of the same fertilizer products
[0100]
[0101] The above description is only the preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims
1. A special package fertilizer for apple trees in Shandong production area, characterized in that: The special fertilizer package includes base fertilizer, bud fertilizer, first fruit swelling fertilizer and second fruit swelling fertilizer; The base fertilizer includes the following components by weight: 8-16 parts of microbial compound fertilizer, 1-5 parts of balanced potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, and 25-35 parts of inorganic fiber soil conditioner; The bud fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of nitric-sulfur-based high-nitrogen compound fertilizer and 10-15 parts of humic acid urea; The first fruit swelling fertilizer is a nitric-sulfur-based high-nitrogen compound fertilizer; The second fruit swelling fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1-2 parts of nitric-sulfur-based high-potassium compound fertilizer and 1-2 parts of potassium sulfate.
2. The special set fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The base fertilizer provides 37±3% nitrogen, 76±3% phosphorus and 25±3% potassium throughout the growth period; the bud fertilizer provides 33±3% nitrogen, 8±3% phosphorus and 6±3% potassium throughout the growth period; the first topdressing during the fruit swelling period provides 18±3% nitrogen, 8±3% phosphorus and 6±3% potassium throughout the growth period; the second topdressing during the fruit swelling period provides 12±3% nitrogen, 8±3% phosphorus and 63±3% potassium throughout the growth period.
3. The special set fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The organic matter content of the microbial compound fertilizer is greater than 20%, and the effective active bacteria content is greater than 20 million per gram; the fulvic acid content of the balanced potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is greater than 0.1%, and the total sulfur content is greater than 4%; the SiO2 content of the inorganic fiber soil conditioner is 50%-70%, the CaO content is 20%-40%, and the MgO content is 5%-25%.
4. The special set fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the base fertilizer, the mass ratio of nitrogen provided by the microbial compound fertilizer and the balanced potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is 1:0.5-0.6; the mass ratio of phosphorus provided by the microbial compound fertilizer and the balanced potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is 1:0.5-0.6; the mass ratio of potassium provided by the microbial compound fertilizer and the balanced potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is 1:0.9-1.
5. The special set fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The total sulfur content of the nitrosulfur-based high-nitrogen compound fertilizer in the bud fertilizer is greater than 2.5%, and the humic acid content of the humic acid urea is greater than 0.12%.
6. The special set fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the germination fertilizer, the mass ratio of nitrogen provided by the nitrate-sulfur-based high-nitrogen compound fertilizer and humic acid urea is 1:0.6-0.7; phosphorus is provided by the nitrate-sulfur-based high-nitrogen compound fertilizer; and potassium is provided by the nitrate-sulfur-based high-nitrogen compound fertilizer.
7. The special set fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The total sulfur content of the nitric-sulfur-based high-potassium compound fertilizer in the second fruit-swelling fertilizer is greater than 7%, the nitrate nitrogen content is greater than 6%, the boron content is greater than 0.02%, the zinc content is greater than 0.04%, and the total amount of trace elements is greater than 0.06%.
8. The special set fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the second fruit swelling fertilizer, phosphorus is provided by nitrate-sulfur-based high-potassium compound fertilizer; wherein the mass ratio of potassium provided by the nitrate-sulfur-based high-potassium compound fertilizer and potassium sulfate is 1:2-2.
1.
9. Use of the special package fertilizer for apple trees in Shandong production area according to claim 1 in any one of the following (1) to (4): (1) Increase apple production; (2) Improve apple quality; (3) Promote the growth of apple tree seedlings; (4) Improve soil acidification.
10. A method for increasing the yield and improving the quality of apple trees in Shandong production area, characterized in that: The steps include: (1) During the fruit ripening period of the previous season, apply 1.8-2.0 kg of basal fertilizer to each tree; (2) During the budding period, apply 0.4-0.6 kg of budding fertilizer to each tree; (3) During the first fruit expansion period, apply 0.3-0.5 kg of the first fruit expansion fertilizer to each tree; (4) During the second fruit expansion period, apply 0.6-0.8 kg of second fruit expansion fertilizer to each tree.