Visual test system for verifying heat dissipation principle of water evaporator and use method

Abstract

The invention discloses a visual test system for verifying the heat dissipation principle of a water evaporator and a use method, and the system comprises a water evaporation generation module which is mainly composed of a transparent test bottle, a ball valve and a multi-layer silk screen, and provides a water evaporation test generation place; the heat source simulation module mainly comprises a water pump, a regulating valve, an electric heater, a copper coil pipe and a flow meter and is used for heat simulation; the exhaust control module mainly comprises a precision pressure gauge, a PLC (Programmable Logic Controller), a needle valve, a glass tube, an electromagnetic valve and a gas flowmeter, and is used for controlling the exhaust process of the test bottle and realizing effective heat dissipation; the vacuum simulation module is provided with a vacuum pump, a corrugated pipe, a cold trap and a liquid nitrogen container and can simulate a vacuum environment; and the measuring module mainly comprises a computer, a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, a flow sensor and a data acquisition instrument and is used for acquiring and recording test data. The test system can realize visual observation of the water evaporation process, and has the function of acquiring each key parameter reflecting the heat dissipation performance of the water evaporator.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a visual test system for verifying the heat dissipation principle of a water evaporator and a use method thereof, belonging to the technical field of spacecraft heat dissipation devices. Background Art

[0002] The operating temperature of lunar surface activity equipment generally needs to be maintained below 50°C. The lunar environment is harsh during lunar noon and the heat dissipation capacity of the heat dissipation surface is limited, so auxiliary heat dissipation measures are needed. The boiling point of water in the low-pressure range of 4 to 5 Kpa is about 30°C. The vacuum environment of space can be used to achieve water evaporation and exhaust to absorb heat, meeting the heat dissipation needs of general electronic equipment.

[0003] The principle of water evaporation heat dissipation technology is that the saturated vapor pressure of water corresponds to the boiling point of water. When the water temperature is constant, if the pressure on the water surface is lower than the saturated vapor pressure corresponding to the water temperature, the water will boil and absorb heat. By adjusting the opening and closing of the solenoid valve on the pipe leading to the vacuum environment of the water evaporator, the exhaust heat dissipation of the water evaporator at the set temperature can be stably controlled to meet the heat dissipation requirements of the equipment. This technology has not yet been actually applied in space. In the current application scenarios of water evaporator technology, the water vapor exhaust space has not reached the 1Pa level. Therefore, it is necessary to verify the feasibility of this technology on the ground, and ensure the safety and controllability of the test process through visual and controllable operations. Summary of the invention

[0004] The technical problem solved by the present invention is: to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a visual test system and a method for using the system for verifying the heat dissipation principle of a water evaporator, which is feasible and reliable in ground tests.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is: in the first aspect, a visual test system for verifying the heat dissipation principle of a water evaporator is provided, comprising a water evaporation generation module, a simulated heat source module, an exhaust control module, a vacuum simulation module and a measurement module, wherein:

[0006] The water evaporation generation module is used to provide a place for water evaporation test, output water vapor, and simultaneously measure the water temperature and water vapor temperature and output them to the measurement module;

[0007] The simulated heat source module is used to provide heat to the water evaporation module, measure various temperatures of heating, and output the measured values ​​to the measurement module;

[0008] The exhaust control module is used to control the exhaust process of the water evaporation module to the vacuum manufacturing module, and measures the pressure and flow value during the exhaust process and outputs them to the measurement module;

[0009] The vacuum simulation module is used to create a constant pressure vacuum environment and a low temperature environment;

[0010] The measurement module is used to collect and record the test data of each module.

[0011] Preferably, the water evaporation module comprises: a transparent glass test bottle, two multi-layer screens, a first thermometer, a second thermometer, and a manual switch ball valve; specifically:

[0012] Deionized water is added to a transparent glass test bottle. Two multi-layer screens are placed above and below the water surface respectively. The second thermometer temperature head is extended into the water to measure the water temperature T1. The first thermometer temperature head is placed above the water surface to measure the gas temperature T2 in the bottle. The manual switch ball valve is connected to the mouth of the glass test bottle through a pipe to release gas or add liquid to the bottle.

[0013] Preferably, the simulated heat source module includes: a driving pump, a regulating valve, an electric heater, a first thermistor, a copper coil, a second thermistor, and a flow meter, wherein the above structures are sequentially connected by pipes to form a loop; a third thermocouple is also provided on the electric heater; the copper coil is located in the water of a transparent glass test bottle:

[0014] During the test, coolant is added to the pipeline of the loop, and the driving pump is started to make the coolant circulate in the loop, and the coolant flows through the driving pump, the regulating valve, the electric heater, the first thermistor, the copper coil, the second thermistor, the second gas flow meter in sequence, and finally returns to the driving pump; the coolant absorbs heat at the electric heater and transfers the heat to the water in the transparent glass test bottle at the copper coil;

[0015] The flow meter measures the flow rate M1 of the coolant, the third thermocouple measures the temperature T7 at the electric heater, the first thermistor measures the inlet temperature T6 of the coolant at the copper coil, and the second thermistor measures the outlet temperature T5 of the coolant at the copper coil.

[0016] Preferably, the exhaust control module comprises: an exhaust measurement and control passage, a second thermocouple and a PLC controller; wherein:

[0017] The exhaust measurement and control passage includes: a first thermocouple, a first precision pressure sensor, a needle valve, a glass tube, a solenoid valve, a first gas flow meter, and a second precision pressure sensor, and the above structures are connected in sequence by pipelines; the second thermocouple is arranged in the glass tube, one end of the PLC controller is connected to the first precision pressure sensor, and the other end is connected to the solenoid valve;

[0018] During the test, water vapor enters the cold trap of the vacuum simulation module through the exhaust measurement and control passage; the first thermocouple measures and records the outer wall temperature T3 of the pipe at the front end of the first precision pressure sensor, the second thermocouple measures the air temperature T4 in the glass tube, the first precision pressure sensor measures the air pressure P1, the second precision pressure sensor measures the water vapor exhaust pressure P2, and the first gas flowmeter measures the flow rate M2 of water vapor in the exhaust measurement and control passage; one end of the PLC controller is connected to the first precision pressure sensor, and receives the outlet pressure parameter of the transparent glass test bottle, that is, the pressure P in the bottle, through the first precision pressure sensor, and at the same time adjusts the switch of the solenoid valve.

[0019] Preferably, the first gas flow meter has an integration function.

[0020] Preferably, the method for the PLC controller to control the solenoid valve switch is specifically:

[0021] Set the saturation pressure P corresponding to the target temperature of water evaporation control sat After that, when the pressure P in the bottle is greater than P sat When the pressure P in the bottle is less than P sat When the temperature is low, the PLC controller controls the solenoid valve to close, thereby controlling the water temperature to be stable at the set value.

[0022] Preferably, the vacuum simulation module includes: a liquid nitrogen container, a cold trap, a bellows, a vacuum valve, and a vacuum pump; specifically:

[0023] The cold trap is immersed in a liquid nitrogen container to create a low-temperature environment; one end of the bellows is extended into the cold trap, and the other end is connected to a vacuum valve; a vacuum pump is connected to and controls the vacuum valve to evacuate the cold trap and create a constant-pressure vacuum environment.

[0024] Preferably, the measurement module includes: a computer and a data acquisition instrument; specifically:

[0025] The data acquisition instrument collects data measured by the first thermometer, the second thermometer, the first thermocouple, the second thermocouple, the third thermocouple, the first thermistor, the second thermistor, the first precision pressure sensor, the second precision pressure sensor, the first gas flow meter, and the second gas flow meter through the signal line, and sends it to the computer for recording.

[0026] In a second aspect, a method for using a visualization test system for verifying the heat dissipation principle of a water evaporator is provided, comprising the following steps:

[0027] Step 1: immerse the cold trap in a liquid nitrogen container, turn on the vacuum simulation module, and reduce the air pressure in the cold trap to 1Pa. Then, remove the air from the exhaust control passage of the exhaust control module and the transparent glass test bottle; close the needle valve and the solenoid valve;

[0028] Step 2: Add deionized water to the transparent glass test bottle, then turn on the electric heater of the simulated heat source module, set the heating power Q and start the drive pump, control the opening of the regulating valve to stabilize the flow at the target value; record the inlet and outlet coolant temperatures T6 and T5 of the copper coil, the coolant flow M1 measured by the flowmeter, the specific heat capacity C of the coolant, calculate the actual heat exchange Q1 per unit time, and compare it with the heat exchange Q1' measured by the electric heater to determine whether the heating pipeline is operating normally;

[0029] Step 3: Heat the water temperature of the water evaporation module to the preset value T1, open the needle valve and solenoid valve of the exhaust control module to start exhausting. In the first 10 seconds of the exhaust process, the PLC controller is controlled to adjust the switch of the solenoid valve so that the solenoid valve is opened in a pulsed manner according to a certain timing to control the evaporation process. When the boiling phenomenon weakens, the solenoid valve is continuously opened. During the exhaust process, the electric heater is kept in a heating state, and the temperature and pressure changes are recorded to observe the boiling phenomenon in the glass bottle; the water evaporation control target temperature T of the water evaporation module is recorded. aim The corresponding saturation pressure is P sat , when the pressure P in the bottle is less than P sat When the solenoid valve is closed, the pressure P in the bottle rises;

[0030] Step 4, repeat step 3 to obtain three cycles of exhaust process, measure the first gas flowmeter of the three cycles of exhaust process to measure the flow rate M2 of water vapor in the exhaust measurement and control passage, and obtain the average flow data M2 of the three water vapor flow rates, and at the same time obtain the three actual heat exchange per unit time obtained by theoretical calculation, and then obtain the average value Q1 of the three actual heat exchange per unit time; let the latent heat of water vaporization corresponding to the absolute pressure in the bottle be r, then the ideal heat taken away by water evaporation per unit time is: Q2=r*M2; the heat exchange efficiency of the water evaporator is obtained as n=Q1 / Q2.

[0031] Preferably, the method for judging whether the heating pipeline is operating normally is:

[0032] Calculate the actual heat exchange per unit time Q1: Q1 = C*M1*(T6-T5);

[0033] Compare Q1 with the electric heater measurement value Q1'. If the error between Q1 and Q1' is within 5%, it means that the heating pipeline is operating normally.

[0034] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0035] (1) The vacuum simulation module in the embodiment of the present invention can create a vacuum environment of the order of 1Pa, providing experimental verification for the application of water evaporator heat dissipation technology in space environment.

[0036] (2) In the embodiment of the present invention, the water evaporation module is provided with a glass test bottle as the place where water evaporation occurs, so that the process of water boiling and absorbing heat can be directly observed, the generation and movement of bubbles and the changes in the gas-liquid interface can be observed, and whether there is a phenomenon of exhaust and liquid inclusion can be visually observed; the glass tube provided in the exhaust control module can observe the process of water vapor discharge and observe whether there is a phenomenon of direct discharge of liquid water; the above design makes the experiment more intuitive and controllable.

[0037] (3) In the embodiment of the present invention, a multi-layer screen is arranged inside the glass test bottle in the water evaporation module, which can reduce the intensity of boiling of water in the bottle, inhibit the generation of large bubbles, reduce the phenomenon of exhaust liquid, and improve the heat dissipation efficiency of the water evaporator.

[0038] (4) The precision pressure gauge / sensor provided in the exhaust control module in the embodiment of the present invention has high pressure measurement accuracy, can measure the pressure drop of the exhaust pipeline, and obtain the exhaust pressure drop range of the water evaporator for stable exhaust through experiments; the flow meter provided has an integration function, which can intuitively measure the water vapor exhaust volume.

[0039] (5) The exhaust control module in the embodiment of the present invention is provided with a PLC controller, which can receive the outlet pressure parameters of the glass test bottle to adjust the solenoid valve switch, making the test process more controllable. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0040] Figure 1 It is an overall schematic diagram of the system of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] The present invention designs a visualization test system for verifying the heat dissipation principle of a water evaporator, simulates a vacuum environment on the ground and designs a visualization device to directly observe the gas-liquid boiling process of water evaporation, explores the various functions and performances of the water evaporator in space applications, verifies the feasibility of the water evaporator in space applications, and lays a technical foundation for realizing the space application of the water evaporator.

[0042] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The advantages and features of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description and claims. It should be noted that the drawings are all in a very simplified form and use non-precise ratios, which are only used to conveniently and clearly assist in explaining the purpose of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0043] See also Figure 1 The core of the present invention is to provide a visual test system for verifying the heat dissipation principle of a water evaporator, which is specifically divided into:

[0044] The water evaporation module specifically includes: a transparent glass test bottle 19, a multi-layer screen 20, a first thermometer 21, a second thermometer 22, and a manual switch ball valve 29;

[0045] During the test, deionized water accounting for 40% to 60% of the volume of the transparent glass test bottle 19 is added, and two multi-layer screens 20 are placed at appropriate positions above and below the water surface respectively. The temperature measuring head of the second thermometer 22 is extended into the water to measure the water temperature T1, and the temperature measuring head of the first thermometer 21 is placed in the gas in the bottle to measure the gas temperature T2 in the bottle. The manual switch ball valve 29 is connected to the pipeline to the mouth of the glass test bottle 19 for degassing or adding liquid to the bottle.

[0046] The simulated heat source module specifically includes: a driving pump 14, a regulating valve 15, an electric heater 16, a third thermocouple 25, a first thermistor 26, a copper coil 17, a second thermistor 27, and a flow meter 18; wherein the third thermocouple 25 is arranged on the electric heater 16, and the copper coil 17 is located in the water of a transparent glass test bottle 19; the driving pump 14, the regulating valve 15, the electric heater 16, the first thermistor 26, the copper coil 17, the second thermistor 27, and the flow meter 18 are sequentially formed into a loop by pipelines:

[0047] During the test, ethylene glycol coolant is added to the pipeline of the loop, and the driving pump 14 is started to make the coolant circulate in the loop, and flow through the driving pump 14, the regulating valve 15, the electric heater 16, the first thermistor 26, the copper coil 17, the thermistor 27, the second gas flowmeter 18, and the driving pump 14 in sequence; the coolant absorbs heat at the electric heater 16 and transfers the heat to the water at the copper coil 17, and the coolant flow M1 measured by the flowmeter 18, the temperature T7 at the electric heater 16 measured by the third thermocouple 25, the inlet temperature T6 of the coolant at the copper coil 17 measured by the first thermistor 26, and the outlet temperature T5 of the coolant at the copper coil 17 measured by the second thermistor 27. The heating power Q1' of the electric heater 16 can be measured.

[0048] The exhaust control module specifically includes a first precision pressure sensor 3, a needle valve 4, a glass tube 5, a solenoid valve 6, a first gas flow meter 7, a second precision pressure sensor 8, a first thermocouple 23, a second thermocouple 24, and a PLC controller 28; the first thermocouple 23, the first precision pressure sensor 3, the needle valve 4, the glass tube 5, the solenoid valve 6, the first gas flow meter 7, and the second precision pressure sensor 8 are sequentially connected by pipelines to form an exhaust measurement and control path, and the second thermocouple 24 is arranged in the glass tube 5;

[0049] During the test, water vapor enters the cold trap 10 from the transparent glass test bottle 19 through the passage, and flows through the first precision pressure sensor 3, the needle valve 4, the glass tube 5, the solenoid valve 6, the first gas flow meter 7, and the second precision pressure sensor 8 in sequence. The first thermocouple 23 is located at the front end of the first precision pressure sensor 3, and measures and records the outer wall temperature T3 of the pipeline measured by the first thermocouple 23. The second thermocouple 24 in the glass tube measures the air temperature T4, the air pressure P1 measured by the first precision pressure sensor 3, and the water vapor exhaust pressure P2 measured by the second precision pressure sensor 8. The first gas flow meter 7 measures the flow rate M2 of water vapor in the exhaust measurement and control passage. The first gas flow meter 7 has an integration function; the PLC controller 28 is connected to the first precision pressure sensor 3 at one end, and can receive the outlet pressure parameter of the transparent glass test bottle 19, that is, the pressure P in the bottle, through it. The other end is connected to and regulates the switch of the solenoid valve 6: after the saturation pressure P corresponding to the target temperature of water evaporation control is set, sat After that, when the pressure P in the bottle is greater than P sat When the pressure P in the bottle is less than P sat When the PLC controller controls the solenoid valve 6 to close, the water temperature is controlled to be stable at the set value.

[0050] The vacuum simulation module specifically includes a liquid nitrogen container 9, a cold trap 10, a bellows 11, a vacuum valve 12, and a vacuum pump 13; the cold trap 10 is immersed in the liquid nitrogen container 9 to create a low-temperature environment; one end of the bellows 11 extends into the cold trap 10, and the other end is connected to the vacuum valve 12; the vacuum pump 13 is connected to and controls the vacuum valve 12 to evacuate the cold trap 10 to create a constant-pressure vacuum environment. During the test, the vacuum pump 13 is turned on, the vacuum valve 12 is opened, and the cold trap 10 is evacuated through the bellows 11 to create a constant-pressure vacuum environment; the cold trap 10 is immersed in the liquid nitrogen container 9 to create a low-temperature environment, so that the water vapor entering the cold trap 10 is quickly condensed to maintain the vacuum degree of the cold trap 10.

[0051] The measuring module specifically includes a computer 1 and a data acquisition instrument 2; during the test, the data measured by the first thermometer 21, the second thermometer 22, the first thermocouple 23, the second thermocouple 24, the third thermocouple 25, the first thermistor 26, the second thermistor 27, the first precision pressure sensor 3, the second precision pressure sensor 8, the first gas flow meter 7, and the second gas flow meter 18 are transmitted to the data acquisition instrument 2 through the signal line and recorded by the computer 1.

[0052] Combine the following Figure 1 The specific working process of the present invention is described as follows:

[0053] Step 1: First, immerse the cold trap in a liquid nitrogen container, turn on the vacuum simulation module, and reduce the air pressure in the cold trap 10 to the order of 1Pa. Then, remove the air from the exhaust pipeline (exhaust measurement and control path) in the exhaust control module and the transparent glass test bottle 19, and then close the needle valve 4 and the solenoid valve 6.

[0054] Step 2: Add deionized water to the transparent glass test bottle 19, then turn on the electric heater 16 of the simulated heat source module, set the heating power Q and turn on the drive pump 14, control the opening of the regulating valve 15, so that the flow rate is stable at the target value. Record the inlet and outlet coolant temperatures T6 and T5 (℃) of the copper coil 17, the coolant flow rate M1 (kg / s) measured by the flowmeter 18, and the coolant specific heat capacity C (J / kg / ℃), then the actual heat exchange per unit time Q1 (W) is calculated as: Q1 = C*M1*(T6-T5); the calculated value is compared with the electric heater measurement value Q1', and the error between the two values ​​is within 5%, indicating that the heating pipeline is operating normally.

[0055] Step 3: Heat the water temperature to the preset value T1, open the needle valve 4 and the solenoid valve 6 to start exhausting. In the first 10 seconds of the exhausting process, the PLC controller 28 is controlled to adjust the switch of the solenoid valve 6, so that the solenoid valve 6 is opened in a pulsed manner according to a certain timing to control the evaporation process. When the boiling phenomenon weakens, the solenoid valve 6 is continuously opened. During the exhausting process, the electric heater 16 is kept heated, and the temperature and pressure changes are recorded to observe the boiling phenomenon in the glass bottle. Record the water evaporation control target temperature T of the water evaporation module aim The corresponding saturation pressure is P sat , when the pressure P in the bottle is less than P sat The solenoid valve is closed, and then the pressure P in the bottle rises;

[0056] Step 4: Repeat step 3 to obtain three cycles of exhaust process, measure the average flow data M2 and average heating power Q1 of the three cycles of exhaust process, and let the latent heat of water vaporization corresponding to the absolute pressure in the bottle be r, then the ideal heat taken away by water evaporation per unit time is: Q2=r*M2; therefore, the heat exchange efficiency of the water evaporator is n=Q1 / Q2.

[0057] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Even if various changes are made to the present invention, if these changes fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, they still fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0058] The contents not described in detail in the specification of the present invention belong to the prior art known to the professional and technical personnel in this field.

Claims

1. A visual test system for verifying the heat dissipation principle of a water evaporator, characterized in that include: Water evaporation generation module, simulated heat source module, exhaust control module, vacuum simulation module and measurement module, wherein: The water evaporation generation module is used to provide a place for water evaporation test, output water vapor, and simultaneously measure the water temperature and water vapor temperature and output them to the measurement module; The simulated heat source module is used to provide heat to the water evaporation module, measure various temperatures of heating, and output the measured values ​​to the measurement module; The exhaust control module is used to control the exhaust process of the water evaporation module to the vacuum manufacturing module, and measures the pressure and flow value during the exhaust process and outputs them to the measurement module; The vacuum simulation module is used to create a constant pressure vacuum environment and a low temperature environment; The measurement module is used to collect and record the test data of each module.

2. A visual test system for verifying the heat dissipation principle of a water evaporator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water evaporation generation module comprises: a transparent glass test bottle (19), two multi-layered screens (20), a first thermometer (21), a second thermometer (22), and a manual switch ball valve (29); specifically: Deionized water is added to a transparent glass test bottle (19), two multilayer screens (20) are respectively placed above and below the water surface, a second thermometer (22) temperature measuring head is inserted into the water to measure the water temperature T1, a first thermometer (21) temperature measuring head is placed above the water surface to measure the gas temperature T2 in the bottle, and a manual switch ball valve (29) is connected to the bottle mouth of the glass test bottle (19) through a pipeline for releasing gas or adding liquid in the bottle.

3. A visual test system for verifying the heat dissipation principle of a water evaporator according to claim 2, characterized in that: The simulated heat source module comprises: a driving pump (14), a regulating valve (15), an electric heater (16), a first thermistor (26), a copper coil (17), a second thermistor (27), and a flow meter (18), wherein the above structures are sequentially connected by pipelines to form a loop; a third thermocouple (25) is also arranged on the electric heater (16); the copper coil (17) is located in the water of a transparent glass test bottle (19): During the test, a coolant is added to the pipeline of the loop, and the driving pump (14) is started to allow the coolant to circulate in the loop, and the coolant flows through the driving pump (14), the regulating valve (15), the electric heater (16), the first thermistor (26), the copper coil (17), the second thermistor (27), the second gas flow meter (18) in sequence, and finally returns to the driving pump (14); the coolant absorbs heat at the electric heater (16) and transfers the heat to the water in the transparent glass test bottle (19) at the copper coil (17); The flow meter (18) measures the flow rate M1 of the coolant, the third thermocouple (25) measures the temperature T7 at the electric heater (16), the first thermistor (26) measures the inlet temperature T6 of the coolant at the copper coil (17), and the second thermistor (27) measures the outlet temperature T5 of the coolant at the copper coil (17).

4. A visual test system for verifying the heat dissipation principle of a water evaporator according to claim 3, characterized in that: The exhaust control module comprises: an exhaust measurement and control passage, a second thermocouple (24) and a PLC controller (28); wherein: The exhaust gas measurement and control passage comprises: a first thermocouple (23), a first precision pressure sensor (3), a needle valve (4), a glass tube (5), a solenoid valve (6), a first gas flow meter (7), and a second precision pressure sensor (8), wherein the above structures are sequentially connected by pipelines; the second thermocouple (24) is arranged in the glass tube (5); one end of the PLC controller (28) is connected to the first precision pressure sensor (3), and the other end is connected to the solenoid valve (6); During the test, water vapor enters the cold trap of the vacuum simulation module through the exhaust measurement and control passage; the first thermocouple (23) measures and records the temperature T3 of the outer wall of the pipeline at the front end of the first precision pressure sensor (3), the second thermocouple (24) measures the air temperature T4 in the glass tube (5), the first precision pressure sensor (3) measures the air pressure P1, the second precision pressure sensor (8) measures the water vapor exhaust pressure P2, and the first gas flow meter (7) measures the flow rate M2 of the water vapor in the exhaust measurement and control passage; one end of the PLC controller (28) is connected to the first precision pressure sensor (3), and receives the outlet pressure parameter of the transparent glass test bottle (19), that is, the pressure P in the bottle, through the first precision pressure sensor (3), and at the same time adjusts the switch of the solenoid valve (6).

5. A visual test system for verifying the heat dissipation principle of a water evaporator according to claim 4, characterized in that: The first gas flow meter (7) has an integration function.

6. A visual test system for verifying the heat dissipation principle of a water evaporator according to claim 4, characterized in that: The method for the PLC controller (28) to control the switch of the solenoid valve (6) is specifically as follows: Set the saturation pressure P corresponding to the target temperature of water evaporation control sat After that, when the pressure P in the bottle is greater than P sat When the pressure P in the bottle is less than P sat When the temperature reaches 0.040°C, the PLC controller (28) controls the solenoid valve (6) to close, thereby stabilizing the water temperature at the set value.

7. A visual test system for verifying the heat dissipation principle of a water evaporator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vacuum simulation module includes: a liquid nitrogen container (9), a cold trap (10), a bellows (11), a vacuum valve (12), and a vacuum pump (13); specifically: The cold trap (10) is immersed in a liquid nitrogen container (9) to create a low-temperature environment; one end of a bellows (11) extends into the cold trap (10), and the other end is connected to a vacuum valve (12); a vacuum pump (13) is connected to and controls the vacuum valve (12) to evacuate the cold trap (10) to create a constant-pressure vacuum environment.

8. A visual test system for verifying the heat dissipation principle of a water evaporator according to claim 4, characterized in that: The measuring module comprises: a computer (1) and a data acquisition device (2); specifically: The data acquisition instrument (2) collects data measured by the first thermometer (21), the second thermometer (22), the first thermocouple (23), the second thermocouple (24), the third thermocouple (25), the first thermistor (26), the second thermistor (27), the first precision pressure sensor (3), the second precision pressure sensor (8), the first gas flow meter (7), and the second gas flow meter (18) through a signal line, and sends the data to the computer (1) for recording.

9. A method for using a visual test system for verifying the heat dissipation principle of a water evaporator, characterized in that The steps include: Step 1: immerse the cold trap in a liquid nitrogen container, turn on the vacuum simulation module, and reduce the air pressure in the cold trap (10) to the order of 1 Pa. Then, remove the air in the exhaust measurement and control passage of the exhaust control module and the transparent glass test bottle (19); close the needle valve (4) and the solenoid valve (6); Step 2: add deionized water to the transparent glass test bottle (19), then turn on the electric heater (16) of the simulated heat source module, set the heating power Q and start the drive pump (14), control the opening of the regulating valve (15) so that the flow rate is stable at the target value; record the inlet and outlet coolant temperatures T6 and T5 of the copper coil (17), the coolant flow rate M1 measured by the flow meter (18), the coolant specific heat capacity C, calculate the actual heat exchange Q1 per unit time, and compare it with the heat exchange Q1' measured by the electric heater (16) to determine whether the heating pipeline is operating normally; Step 3: Heat the water temperature of the water evaporation module to a preset value T1, open the needle valve (4) and the solenoid valve (6) of the exhaust control module to start exhausting, and control the PLC controller (28) to adjust the switch of the solenoid valve (6) in the first 10 seconds of the exhaust process, so that the solenoid valve (6) is opened in a pulsed manner according to a certain timing to control the evaporation process. When the boiling phenomenon weakens, the solenoid valve (6) is continuously opened. During the exhaust process, the electric heater (16) is kept in a heating state, and the temperature and pressure changes are recorded to observe the boiling phenomenon in the glass bottle; record the water evaporation control target temperature T of the water evaporation module aim The corresponding saturation pressure is P sat , when the pressure P in the bottle is less than P sat When the solenoid valve is closed, the pressure P in the bottle rises; Step 4, repeat step 3 to obtain three cycles of exhaust process, measure the first gas flowmeter (7) of the three cycles of exhaust process to measure the flow rate M2 of water vapor in the exhaust measurement and control passage, and obtain the average flow data M2 of the three water vapor flow rates, and at the same time obtain the actual heat exchange per unit time calculated three times, and then obtain the average value Q1 of the three actual heat exchange per unit time; let the latent heat of water vaporization corresponding to the absolute pressure in the bottle be r, then the ideal heat taken away by water evaporation per unit time is: Q2=r*M2; the heat exchange efficiency of the water evaporator is obtained as n=Q1 / Q2.

10. The method for using the visualization test system for verifying the heat dissipation principle of a water evaporator according to claim 9, characterized in that: The method to judge whether the heating pipeline is operating normally is: Calculate the actual heat exchange per unit time Q1: Q1 = C*M1*(T6-T5); Compare Q1 with the electric heater measurement value Q1'. If the error between Q1 and Q1' is within 5%, it means that the heating pipeline is operating normally.

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