Device and method for in-situ capturing of functional microorganisms in water body
By using filter bottles and solid materials in water bodies, the problems of low capture efficiency and insufficient flexibility in the prior art are solved, and precise capture and efficient functional microbial capture are achieved, adapting to complex water environments, and improving Research accuracy and efficiency.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411672607.4
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-11-21
- Publication Date
- 2025-01-03
AI Technical Summary
The prior art has low efficiency in capturing functional microorganisms in water bodies, and insufficient equipment flexibility and adaptability, making it difficult to accurately enrich specific functional microorganisms in complex natural water environments, affecting research accuracy and efficiency.
A device including filter bottles and solid materials is designed. The solid materials are used as culture medium to determine the material according to the types of microorganisms captured. Combined with the filter structure and adjustable design, it can adapt to different water quality and water flow conditions, reduce microbial damage and Improve capture accuracy.
It achieves accurate capture, reduces microbial damage, improves adaptability and flexibility, shortens the time for obtaining microbial samples, improves capture efficiency and research accuracy, and meets the needs of scientific research in complex environments.
Smart Images
Figure CN119242423A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to the field of biological sampling technology, and in particular to a device and method for in-situ capturing functional microorganisms in water. Background Art
[0002] With the development of modern industry and the intensification of human activities, environmental pollution and ecological damage are becoming increasingly serious, and the water environment is the first to be affected. In the study of aquatic ecosystems, microorganisms play a vital role. As an important part of aquatic ecosystems, microorganisms have many important significances. On the one hand, microorganisms can be used as indicator organisms of water quality conditions. Different types and quantities of microorganisms can reflect the quality of water. For example, the large-scale appearance of certain specific microorganisms may indicate that the water body is polluted by specific pollutants. On the other hand, microorganisms actively participate in the water purification process. They can decompose organic pollutants in water bodies and transform harmful substances. They play a key role in maintaining the ecological balance and self-purification ability of water bodies. Therefore, the study of microorganisms in water bodies, especially functional microorganisms, is of indispensable value for water quality monitoring and ecological restoration, and also has far-reaching significance in related application fields such as sewage treatment and bioremediation.
[0003] At present, traditional methods dominate the field of water microbial capture. Among them, laboratory culture method and membrane separation technology are more commonly used methods. The laboratory culture method requires the collected water sample to be placed in a specific culture medium and culture the microorganisms under suitable temperature, light and other conditions. However, this method has obvious limitations. First, many microorganisms are difficult to culture under laboratory conditions. Studies have shown that culturable microorganisms in nature only account for a small part of the total number of microorganisms, which leads to the loss of a large amount of microbial information. Secondly, the entire culture process is time-consuming, and it takes a lot of time and effort from water sample collection to the completion of microbial culture.
[0004] Membrane separation technology filters water samples through a membrane with a certain pore size, retaining microorganisms on the membrane. However, this method also has many problems. On the one hand, multiple operations during the water sample processing process can easily damage the microorganisms, change their original natural state, and thus affect the accuracy of subsequent research. On the other hand, whether it is laboratory culture or membrane separation technology, in practical applications, it is often necessary to use some special equipment. These devices are seriously lacking in flexibility and adaptability when facing different water environments and research needs. For example, in a complex natural water environment, the water quality composition, water flow rate, temperature and other conditions of different water bodies vary greatly. Existing devices are difficult to make corresponding adjustments based on these changes, and thus cannot accurately enrich specific functional microorganisms, resulting in low capture efficiency and unable to meet the increasingly complex needs of environmental science research. Summary of the invention
[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a device and method for in-situ capturing of functional microorganisms in water, so as to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art and improve the efficiency of in-situ capturing of functional microorganisms in water.
[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:
[0007] The present invention provides a device for in-situ capturing functional microorganisms in water, comprising:
[0008] A bottle body, wherein the bottle body comprises a bottle body and a bottle bottom, wherein the bottle body and the bottle bottom are respectively made of filter screens, and the bottle bottom is welded to the bottom end of the bottle body;
[0009] A bottle cap, the bottle cap comprising an upper cover and a lower cover, the lower cover being cylindrical, one end of the lower cover being sealed and connected to all edges of the top end of the bottle body, and the other end being threadedly connected to the upper cover, the upper cover being provided with a through hole and a hanging ring, the upper cover being fixedly provided with an inlet filter screen, and the inlet filter screen covering the through hole;
[0010] A solid material is disposed in the bottle, wherein the solid material serves as a culture medium;
[0011] A sling rope, one end of which is connected to the sling ring.
[0012] Preferably, the material of the solid material is determined according to the type of functional microorganisms to be captured.
[0013] Preferably, the solid material is microplastic, biochar, ceramsite, rough glass flakes, activated carbon or volcanic rock particles.
[0014] Preferably, the bottle body, the bottle cap and the hanging ring are all made of stainless steel.
[0015] Preferably, it further comprises a fixed mesh bag fixed in the bottle body, wherein the solid material is arranged in the fixed mesh bag.
[0016] Preferably, it also includes a counterweight block, which is fixedly connected to one end of the lifting rope close to the lifting ring.
[0017] Preferably, it also includes a buoy connected to the other end of the suspension rope.
[0018] Preferably, the sling is made of fishing line, multi-strand braided nylon rope or high-strength polyester line.
[0019] Preferably, the bottle body and the bottle bottom are respectively made of 30-mesh filter screens, and the mesh number of the inlet filter screen is 30;
[0020] The particle size of the solid material is greater than 0.7 mm.
[0021] The present invention also provides a method for in-situ capturing functional microorganisms in water, based on the above-mentioned device for in-situ capturing functional microorganisms in water, comprising the following steps:
[0022] S1. preparing the solid material, and determining the material of the solid material according to the type of functional microorganisms to be captured; and then placing the prepared solid material in the bottle;
[0023] S2, placing the device for in-situ capturing of functional microorganisms in water in the target water body, and connecting the fixing object with the hanging rope to ensure the stability of the device for in-situ capturing of functional microorganisms in water in the target water body;
[0024] S3. After waiting for a set time, take out the device for in-situ capturing functional microorganisms in water from the target water body, open the upper cover, pour out the water in the bottle, and take out the solid material.
[0025] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has achieved the following technical effects:
[0026] The device and method for in-situ capturing of functional microorganisms in water bodies of the present invention have many good technical effects such as accurate capture, reduction of microbial damage, improved adaptability and flexibility, enhanced device stability and operability, and can better meet the needs of environmental science research and other fields for capturing functional microorganisms in water bodies.
[0027] Furthermore, the present invention uses a solid material set in the bottle as a culture medium, and the material of the solid material can be determined according to the type of functional microorganisms that need to be captured, and uses a variety of optional materials such as microplastics, biochar, and ceramsite. This in-situ capture method does not require the microorganisms to be placed under specific laboratory culture conditions, and can more widely capture microorganisms in nature that are originally difficult to culture in the laboratory, effectively reducing the problem of losing microbial information due to culture condition restrictions. The in-situ capture device of the present invention can complete the capture operation after being placed in the target water body and waiting for a set time, which greatly shortens the time to obtain microbial samples and improves work efficiency.
[0028] Furthermore, the present invention allows microorganisms to naturally attach to the solid material as a culture medium through structures such as a bottle body (made of a filter screen) and an inlet filter screen, thereby avoiding damage to microorganisms caused by frequent filtering and other operations like membrane separation technology, and can better maintain the natural state of microorganisms, thereby improving the accuracy of subsequent research. The device of the present invention has a simple structure and a variety of adjustable designs, such as the ability to select suitable solid materials as culture media according to different situations, equipped with counterweights to adapt to water bodies with different water flow rates, and buoys for easy positioning, etc., which can better adapt to complex natural water environments, such as situations with huge differences in conditions such as different water quality components, water flow rates, and temperatures, so as to more accurately enrich specific functional microorganisms, improve capture efficiency, and meet the increasingly complex needs of environmental science research.
[0029] Furthermore, the bottle body (including the bottle body and the bottle bottom made of a filter), the bottle cap (provided with an inlet filter), and the solid material of suitable material selected as the culture medium of the present invention can be designed as a structure such as the in-situ capture of functional microorganisms in the water body, so that specific types of functional microorganisms can be attracted and captured in a targeted manner, and impurities such as pollutants can be prevented from entering the bottle body, thereby improving the accuracy of capture.
[0030] Furthermore, the present invention connects the device to a lifting ring at one end through a lifting rope, and the other end can be connected to a fixed object. A counterweight block can also be provided to adapt to different water flow conditions, thereby ensuring that the device can maintain a stable state in the target water body, which is beneficial to the normal capture process of microorganisms and will not affect the capture effect due to shaking or displacement of the device caused by factors such as water flow.
[0031] Furthermore, the connection between the upper and lower covers of the bottle cap facilitates opening and closing operations, and is convenient for removing solid materials after capture for subsequent research; the sling adopts common fishing line, multi-strand braided nylon rope or high-strength polyester line, etc., which not only ensures strength but also facilitates operation; the buoy facilitates the positioning of the device in the water, and overall improves the operability of the device.
[0032] Furthermore, the bottle body, bottle cap and hanging ring materials: the bottle body, bottle cap and hanging ring are made of stainless steel, which has good corrosion resistance, can adapt to different water environments, and ensure the service life and normal use of the device.
[0033] Furthermore, it is stipulated that the mesh number of the filter on the bottle body and the bottom of the bottle is 30 mesh, the mesh number of the inlet filter is also 30 mesh, and the particle size of the solid material is greater than 0.7mm. Such a setting is conducive to ensuring that microorganisms can enter the bottle body and attach to the solid material, while preventing the solid material from leaking out of the bottle body, thereby ensuring the normal operation and capture effect of the device. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0034] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.
[0035] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of a device for in-situ capturing of functional microorganisms in water according to the present invention;
[0036] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of the upper cover of the device for in-situ capturing of functional microorganisms in water of the present invention;
[0037] In the figure: 10, bottle cap; 11, upper cover; 12, lower cover; 13, hanging ring; 14, through hole;
[0038] 20. Bottle body; 21. Bottle body; 22. Bottle bottom. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0039] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0040] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a device and method for in-situ capturing functional microorganisms in water bodies, so as to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art and improve the efficiency of in-situ capturing functional microorganisms in water bodies.
[0041] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
[0042] Embodiment 1
[0043] like Figure 1 to Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment provides a device for in-situ capturing functional microorganisms in water, comprising:
[0044] The bottle body 20 includes a bottle body 21 and a bottle bottom 22. The bottle body 21 and the bottle bottom 22 are respectively made of filter screens, and the bottle bottom 22 is welded to the bottom end of the bottle body 21;
[0045] The bottle cap 10 includes an upper cover 11 and a lower cover 12. The lower cover 12 is cylindrical, one end of the lower cover 12 is sealed and connected to the entire edge of the top of the bottle body 21, and the other end is threadedly connected to the upper cover 11. The upper cover 11 is provided with a plurality of through holes 14 and a hanging ring 13. The upper cover 11 is fixedly provided with an inlet filter screen, and the inlet filter screen covers the through holes 14.
[0046] A solid material is disposed in the bottle 20, the solid material serving as a culture medium;
[0047] A sling, one end of which is connected to a sling ring 13.
[0048] The upper cover 11 is provided with an internal thread at the bottom, and the lower cover 12 is provided with an external thread at the top. The internal thread at the bottom of the upper cover 11 can be threadedly connected with the external thread at the top of the lower cover 12, which is convenient for opening and closing operations and for taking out solid materials for subsequent research after the capture is completed. In this embodiment, the inlet filter is arranged close to the inner wall of the top of the upper cover 11.
[0049] The device and method for in situ capturing of functional microorganisms in water bodies of this embodiment have many good technical effects such as accurate capture, reducing microbial damage, improving adaptability and flexibility, and enhancing device stability and operability, and can better meet the needs of environmental science research and other fields for capturing functional microorganisms in water bodies.
[0050] In the optional scheme of this embodiment, it is more preferred that the material of the solid material is determined according to the type of functional microorganisms that need to be captured. For example: cyanobacteria, green algae and diatoms have strong attachment and colonization capabilities, and can grow on the surface of solid materials such as microplastics; heterotrophic bacteria live on the decomposition of organic matter, such as biochar or other organic materials, and typical species include Bacillus, Pseudomonas, etc.; fungi usually exist in the form of filamentous fungi, yeasts and molds in water bodies, and these microorganisms often participate in the decomposition of organic matter and nutrient cycles in water bodies. The following common fungi can be enriched by organic solid materials (such as biochar) inside the device.
[0051] In this embodiment, the solid material is microplastics, biochar, ceramsite, rough glass flakes, activated carbon or volcanic rock particles; microplastics are more likely to absorb microplastic microalgae such as cyanobacteria, green algae and diatoms and some heterotrophic bacteria that are fond of organic matter. Biochar: suitable for capturing nitrifying bacteria, heterotrophic bacteria and filamentous fungi.
[0052] In the optional scheme of this embodiment, it is more preferred that the materials of the bottle body 20, the bottle cap 10 and the hanging ring 13 are all stainless steel; the bottle body 20, the bottle cap 10 and the hanging ring 13 are made of stainless steel material, which has good corrosion resistance, can adapt to different water environments, and ensure the service life and normal use of the device.
[0053] In the optional scheme of this embodiment, it is more preferred to further include a fixed mesh bag fixed in the bottle body 20, and the solid material is arranged in the fixed mesh bag; the mesh bag can be made of corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant materials, and the fixed mesh bag can ensure the stability of the solid material without hindering the free flow of water.
[0054] In the optional scheme of this embodiment, it is more preferred to further include a counterweight block, which is fixedly connected to one end of the lifting rope close to the lifting ring 13; when the water flow speed of the water body is relatively large, the counterweight block is added to ensure that the device remains stable in the water body and is not washed away by the water flow.
[0055] In the optional scheme of this embodiment, it is more preferred to further include a buoy connected to the other end of the suspension rope; when it is necessary to catch in shallow water, the buoy can be connected to one end of the fishing line to ensure that the device is suspended in a predetermined water layer. The buoy not only plays a positioning role, but also can maintain the stability of the device when the water flow changes.
[0056] In the optional scheme of this embodiment, preferably, the suspension rope adopts fishing line, multi-strand braided nylon rope or high-strength polyester line. The suspension rope should be corrosion-resistant, wear-resistant and have sufficient strength.
[0057] In the optional scheme of this embodiment, it is more preferred that the bottle body 21 and the bottle bottom 22 are respectively made of 30-mesh filter screens, and the mesh number of the inlet filter screen is 30; the particle size of the solid material is greater than 0.7 mm; such a setting is beneficial for ensuring that microorganisms can enter the bottle body 20 and adhere to the solid material, while preventing the solid material from leaking out of the bottle body 20, thereby ensuring the normal operation and capture effect of the device.
[0058] Embodiment 2
[0059] This embodiment provides a method for in-situ capturing functional microorganisms in water, based on the device for in-situ capturing functional microorganisms in water of embodiment 1, comprising the following steps:
[0060] S1. Prepare solid materials, and determine the material of the solid materials according to the types of functional microorganisms to be captured; and then place the prepared solid materials in a bottle 20;
[0061] S2. placing the device for in-situ capturing functional microorganisms in water in the target water, and connecting the device to a fixed object by a hanging rope to ensure the stability of the device for in-situ capturing functional microorganisms in water in the target water;
[0062] S3. After waiting for a set time, take out the device for in-situ capturing functional microorganisms in the water body from the target water body, open the upper cover 11, pour out the water in the bottle body 20, and take out the solid material.
[0063] It is worth noting that in step S2, there are three ways to fix the device for in-situ capture of functional microorganisms in the water body:
[0064] (1) Suspension fixation: The device is suspended at a certain depth in the water body by a suspension rope. The length of the fishing line is adjusted according to the growth level of the target microorganisms to achieve precise suspension.
[0065] (2) Anchored fixation: For water environments with high flow rates, a counterweight or anchor can be added to the end of the suspension rope to keep the device stable in the water and prevent it from being washed away by the current.
[0066] (3) Floating fixation: If you need to capture in shallow water, you can connect a buoy to one end of the suspension rope to ensure that the device is suspended in the predetermined water layer. The buoy not only plays a positioning role, but also maintains the stability of the device when the water flow changes.
[0067] The present invention uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The above examples are only used to help understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the ideas of the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as limiting the present invention.
Claims
1. A device for in-situ capture of functional microorganisms in water, characterized in that: include: A bottle body, wherein the bottle body comprises a bottle body and a bottle bottom, wherein the bottle body and the bottle bottom are respectively made of filter screens, and the bottle bottom is welded to the bottom end of the bottle body; A bottle cap, the bottle cap comprising an upper cover and a lower cover, the lower cover being cylindrical, one end of the lower cover being sealed and connected to all edges of the top end of the bottle body, and the other end being threadedly connected to the upper cover, the upper cover being provided with a through hole and a hanging ring, the upper cover being fixedly provided with an inlet filter screen, and the inlet filter screen covering the through hole; A solid material is disposed in the bottle, wherein the solid material serves as a culture medium; A sling rope, one end of which is connected to the sling ring.
2. The device for in-situ capture of functional microorganisms in water according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material of the solid material is determined according to the type of functional microorganisms that need to be captured.
3. The device for in-situ capture of functional microorganisms in water according to claim 1, characterized in that: The solid material is microplastic, biochar, ceramsite, rough glass flakes, activated carbon or volcanic rock particles.
4. The device for in-situ capture of functional microorganisms in water according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottle body, the bottle cap and the hanging ring are all made of stainless steel.
5. The device for in-situ capturing of functional microorganisms in water according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a fixed mesh bag fixed in the bottle body, and the solid material is arranged in the fixed mesh bag.
6. The device for in-situ capturing of functional microorganisms in water according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a counterweight block, which is fixedly connected to one end of the suspension rope close to the suspension ring.
7. The device for in-situ capturing of functional microorganisms in water according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also included is a buoy connected to the other end of the suspension rope.
8. The device for in-situ capturing of functional microorganisms in water according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sling is made of fishing line, multi-strand braided nylon rope or high-strength polyester line.
9. The device for in-situ capturing of functional microorganisms in water according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottle body and the bottle bottom are respectively made of 30-mesh filter screens, and the mesh number of the inlet filter screen is 30; The particle size of the solid material is greater than 0.7 mm.
10. A method for in situ capture of functional microorganisms in water, characterized in that: The device for in-situ capturing of functional microorganisms in water according to any one of claims 1 to 8 comprises the following steps: S1. preparing the solid material, and determining the material of the solid material according to the type of functional microorganisms to be captured; and then placing the prepared solid material in the bottle; S2, placing the device for in-situ capturing of functional microorganisms in water in the target water body, and connecting the fixing object with the hanging rope to ensure the stability of the device for in-situ capturing of functional microorganisms in water in the target water body; S3. After waiting for a set time, take out the device for in-situ capturing functional microorganisms in water from the target water body, open the upper cover, pour out the water in the bottle, and take out the solid material.