Perovskite solar cell and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of solar cells, in particular to a perovskite solar cell and a preparation method thereof. The perovskite solar cell comprises a glass substrate which comprises a first area and a third area, and a plurality of perovskite sub-cells which are connected in series through a first conductive layer are formed on the first area through the first conductive layer, a cell function layer and a second conductive layer; the third region is arranged on any side of the cell region, and a plurality of sub-cell auxiliary test structures which are formed by cell function layers and second conductive layers, are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the perovskite sub-cells and are electrically connected with the perovskite sub-cells are formed in the third region. According to the perovskite solar cell provided by the invention, the power generation efficiency and uniformity of each perovskite sub-cell can be detected, so that the sub-cells of the perovskite cell can be adjusted according to performance index requirements of an actual cell, and the stability of a device is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of solar cells, and in particular to a perovskite solar cell and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Among many emerging energy sources, solar energy is an unlimited and widely distributed natural resource. Its unique advantages make it increasingly prominent in the process of global energy transformation. Perovskite solar cells are widely cited due to their amazing efficiency growth rate, significant cost advantages and easy large-scale production.

[0003] Perovskite cells in the prior art are often composed of multiple sub-cells connected in series, and the efficiency of the entire perovskite cell is often determined by the sub-cell with the lowest efficiency. However, due to the structure of existing perovskite cells, when testing their efficiency, only the efficiency of the entire module can be tested, and the working efficiency of each sub-cell in the perovskite cell cannot be tested, so that sub-cells with poor efficiency cannot be adjusted in a targeted manner to improve the efficiency of the entire device. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the deficiencies in the prior art, the purpose of the present application is to provide a perovskite solar cell to improve the stability of the device.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present application provides a perovskite solar cell, comprising:

[0006] A glass substrate comprises a first region, a second region and a third region, wherein a plurality of perovskite sub-cells connected in series through a first conductive layer are formed on the first region through a first conductive layer, a battery functional layer and a second conductive layer; one second region is respectively arranged at both ends of the battery region, and each second region forms a total battery auxiliary test structure connected to the perovskite sub-cells located at the both ends through the stacked first conductive layer and the second conductive layer; the third region is arranged on either side of the battery region, and a plurality of sub-battery auxiliary test structures composed of a battery functional layer and a second conductive layer are formed in the third region, which are arranged one by one in correspondence with the perovskite sub-cells and electrically connected.

[0007] Furthermore, each of the perovskite sub-cells includes a first groove that penetrates and extends out of the first conductive layer, and the cell functional layer extends into the first groove.

[0008] Furthermore, each of the perovskite sub-cells includes a second groove that penetrates and extends out of the battery functional layer, and the second conductive layer extends into the second groove.

[0009] Furthermore, a third groove penetrating through and extending out of the battery functional layer and the second conductive layer is provided between the perovskite sub-cells.

[0010] Furthermore, the third groove extends to the third region to separate each of the sub-battery test structures.

[0011] To achieve the above objectives, the present application provides a method for preparing a perovskite solar cell, comprising:

[0012] preparing a first conductive layer on a glass substrate;

[0013] Using a laser to cut the first conductive layer to form a plurality of first grooves penetrating through and extending out of the first conductive layer;

[0014] removing the first conductive layer located in the third region of the device;

[0015] Prepare a battery functional layer on the upper surface of the device;

[0016] Cutting the battery functional layer using a laser to form second grooves corresponding to the first grooves and penetrating through and extending out of the battery functional layer;

[0017] removing the battery functional layer located in the second region on the device;

[0018] Preparing a second conductive layer on the upper surface of the device;

[0019] The second conductive layer and the battery functional layer are cut by using a laser to form third grooves which are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with each of the first grooves and penetrate through and extend out of the second conductive layer and the battery functional layer.

[0020] Furthermore, the glass substrate includes a flexible PET substrate or a PEN substrate.

[0021] Furthermore, the first conductive layer includes any one of an ITO transparent conductive electrode, a FTO electrode and an AZO electrode, and the second conductive layer includes any one of a Cu electrode, an Au electrode and a C electrode.

[0022] Furthermore, the battery functional layer includes a hole transport layer, a perovskite layer and an ion transport layer; wherein the hole transport layer includes any one of PTAA, Meo-2PACZ, 2PACZ and 4PACZ, the perovskite layer includes any one of FAPbI3, CsFAMA and MAPbI3, and the ion transport layer is one or more of C60, BCP, PCBM, Bphen, Alq3, ZnO, SnO2.

[0023] To achieve the above objectives, the present application also provides a perovskite solar cell, which is prepared using the above-mentioned method for preparing a perovskite solar cell.

[0024] A perovskite solar cell of the present application can detect the power generation efficiency and uniformity of each perovskite sub-cell, thereby facilitating adjustment of the sub-cells of the perovskite cell according to the performance index requirements of the actual cell, thereby improving the stability of the device.

[0025] Other features and advantages of the present application will be set forth in the following description, and in part will become apparent from the description, or may be understood by practicing the present application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present application and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the embodiments of the present application, they are used to explain the present application and do not constitute a limitation of the present application. In the accompanying drawings:

[0027] Figure 1 A top view of the perovskite solar cell of Example 1 of the present application;

[0028] Figure 2 It is a front view of the perovskite solar cell of Example 1 of the present application;

[0029] Figure 3 It is a left view of the perovskite solar cell of Example 1 of the present application;

[0030] Figure 4 for Figure 1 Sectional view along AA direction;

[0031] Figure 5 for Figure 1 Cross-sectional view along the BB direction;

[0032] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the test of perovskite sub-cell;

[0033] Figure 7 This is a front view of the perovskite solar cell according to Example 2 of the present application;

[0034] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a process for preparing a perovskite solar cell according to Example 3 of the present application;

[0035] Fig. 9 is a top view of the device after step S102;

[0036] Fig.10 is a front view of the device after step S102;

[0037] Fig.11 It is a left view of the device after step S102;

[0038] Fig.12 is a top view of the device after step S103;

[0039] Fig.13 for Fig.12 Cross-sectional view along the BB direction;

[0040] Fig.14 is a top view of the device after step S104;

[0041] Fig.15 is a front view of the device after step S104;

[0042] Fig.16 It is a left view of the device after step S104;

[0043] Fig.17 for Fig.12 Sectional view along AA direction;

[0044] Fig.18 is a top view of the device after step S105;

[0045] Fig.19 is a front view of the device after step S105;

[0046] Fig. 20 for Fig.18 Sectional view along AA direction;

[0047] Fig.21 is a top view of the device after step S106;

[0048] Fig. 22 is a front view of the device after step S106;

[0049] Fig.23 for Fig.21 Sectional view along AA direction;

[0050] Fig.24 for Fig.21 Cross-sectional view along the BB direction;

[0051] Fig.25 is a top view of the device after step S107;

[0052] Fig.26 is a front view of the device after step S107;

[0053] Fig. 27 It is a left view of the device after step S107;

[0054] Fig.28 for Fig.25 Sectional view along AA direction;

[0055] Fig.29 for Fig.23 Cross-sectional view along the BB direction;

[0056] Fig.30 is a top view of the device after step S108;

[0057] Fig.31 is a front view of the device after step S108;

[0058] Fig.32 It is a left view of the device after step S108;

[0059] Fig.33 for Fig.30 Sectional view along AA direction;

[0060] Fig.34 for Fig.30 Cross-sectional view along the BB direction;

[0061] In the figure: 100 - glass substrate, 200 - first conductive layer, 201 - first groove, 300 - battery functional layer, 301 - second groove, 400 - second conductive layer, 401 - third groove, 500 - silver layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0062] The embodiments of the present application will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although certain embodiments of the present application are shown in the accompanying drawings, it should be understood that the present application can be implemented in various forms and should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments described herein. Instead, these embodiments are provided to provide a more thorough and complete understanding of the present application. It should be understood that the drawings and embodiments of the present application are only for exemplary purposes and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present application.

[0063] It should be understood that the various steps described in the method implementation of the present application can be performed in different orders and / or performed in parallel. In addition, the method implementation may include additional steps and / or omit the steps shown. The scope of the present application is not limited in this respect.

[0064] The term "including" and its variations used herein are open inclusions, i.e., "including but not limited to". The term "based on" means "based at least in part on". The term "one embodiment" means "at least one embodiment"; the term "another embodiment" means "at least one additional embodiment"; the term "some embodiments" means "at least some embodiments". The relevant definitions of other terms will be given in the following description.

[0065] It should be noted that the modifications of "one" and "plurality" mentioned in this application are illustrative rather than restrictive, and those skilled in the art should understand that unless otherwise clearly indicated in the context, it should be understood as "one or more". "Plurality" should be understood as two or more.

[0066] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present application will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0067] Example 1

[0068] An embodiment of the present application provides a perovskite solar cell, referring to Figure 1-Figure 5 ,include:

[0069] The glass substrate 100 includes a first area (i.e., a battery area), a second area (test area 1A and test area 1B) and a third area (test areas 2A and 2B). The first area is formed with a plurality of perovskite sub-cells connected in series through the first conductive layer 200, the battery functional layer 300 and the second conductive layer 400; the second area is respectively provided with one at each end of the battery area, and each of the second areas forms a total battery auxiliary test structure connected to the perovskite sub-cells located at the end through the stacked first conductive layer 200 and the second conductive layer 400; the third area is provided on either side of the battery area, and the third area is formed with a plurality of sub-battery auxiliary test structures composed of the battery functional layer 300 and the second conductive layer 400, which are arranged one by one in correspondence with the perovskite sub-cells and electrically connected.

[0070] In this embodiment, two third areas are provided, namely, the test area 2A and the test area 2B. In other embodiments, only one third area may be provided on any side of the battery area.

[0071] In this embodiment, each perovskite sub-cell includes a first groove 201 penetrating through and extending out of the first conductive layer 200 , and the cell functional layer 300 extends into the first groove 201 .

[0072] In this embodiment, each perovskite sub-cell includes a second groove 301 penetrating through and extending out of the cell functional layer, and the second conductive layer 400 extends into the second groove 301 .

[0073] In this embodiment, a third groove 401 penetrating through and extending out of the battery functional layer 300 and the second conductive layer 400 is provided between the perovskite sub-cells, and the third groove 401 extends to the third region to divide each sub-cell test structure.

[0074] In some other embodiments, a hole transport layer and an ion transport layer may be further provided in the overall battery auxiliary test structure.

[0075] For example, see Figure 6In an embodiment of the present application, when testing the efficiency of a perovskite sub-cell, the positive electrode of the testing instrument is connected to the second conductive layer of the sub-cell auxiliary test structure corresponding to the perovskite sub-cell being tested, and the negative electrode is connected to the second conductive layer of the adjacent sub-cell auxiliary test structure. When testing the entire perovskite solar cell, the positive and negative ends are respectively connected to the second conductive layer of the total battery auxiliary test structure located at both ends.

[0076] Example 2

[0077] An embodiment of the present application provides a perovskite solar cell, referring to Figure 7 The difference between the perovskite solar cell of Example 2 of the present application and Example 1 is that a silver layer 500 is also filled in the third groove 401 between the perovskite sub-cells.

[0078] In this embodiment, the silver layer 500 is filled in the third groove 401 corresponding to the perovskite sub-cell with poor efficiency after efficiency testing, so that it is combined with the adjacent perovskite sub-cell into a sub-cell without affecting the efficiency of the entire perovskite solar cell.

[0079] In some other embodiments, other conductive materials may also be filled.

[0080] Example 3

[0081] One embodiment of the present application provides a method for preparing a perovskite solar cell, referring to Figure 8 ,include:

[0082] Step S101: preparing a first conductive layer on a glass substrate;

[0083] In this embodiment, the prepared first conductive layer is a transparent conductive indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode with a thickness of 150 nanometers.

[0084] In some other embodiments, the prepared first conductive layer may also be any one of a FTO electrode and an AZO electrode.

[0085] Step S102: using a laser to cut the first conductive layer to form a plurality of first grooves penetrating through and extending out of the first conductive layer.

[0086] It can be understood that the number of first trenches corresponds to the number of perovskite subcells formed.

[0087] In this embodiment, the laser used is an infrared laser with a wavelength of 1064 nanometers.

[0088] See also Figure 9-11 , the structure of the device after step S102 is shown in the figure.

[0089] Step S103: removing the first conductive layer located in the third region of the device;

[0090] In this embodiment, an infrared laser with a wavelength of 1064 nanometers is used to remove the ITO electrodes on the upper part (corresponding to the test area 2A in the figure) and the lower part (the test area 2B) of the device.

[0091] The device structure after removing the ITO electrodes of the test area 2B and the test area 2A is shown in FIG. Figure 12-13 .

[0092] Step S104: preparing a battery functional layer on the upper surface of the device;

[0093] In this embodiment, before preparing the battery functional layer, the device is ultrasonically cleaned using deionized water, acetone and isopropanol, and then subjected to ultraviolet ozone treatment to ensure the wettability of the ITO electrode.

[0094] In this embodiment, the battery functional layer 300 includes a hole transport layer, a perovskite layer and an ion transport layer.

[0095] In this embodiment, first, poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine] (PTAA) as a hole transport layer is deposited in the first groove and on the ITO electrode by a slit coating method at a concentration of 2 mg / ml and annealed at 100° C. for 10 minutes.

[0096] Then, a FAPbI3 perovskite layer was deposited on the hole transport layer with a perovskite precursor solution concentration of 1.1 M and annealed at 150 °C for 15 min.

[0097] Finally, 20 nm of C60 and 8 nm of BCP were deposited on the FAPbI3 perovskite layer by thermal evaporation as ion transport layers.

[0098] In some other embodiments, the hole transport layer may also be any one of Meo-2PACZ, 2PACZ and 4PACZ.

[0099] In some other embodiments, the perovskite layer may also be any one of CsFAMA and MAPbI3.

[0100] In other embodiments, the ion transport layer may also be one or more of C60, BCP, PCBM, Bphen, Alq3, ZnO, and SnO2.

[0101] The device structure after preparing the battery functional layer 300 is as follows: Figure 14-17 shown.

[0102] Step S105: using a laser to cut the battery functional layer to form second grooves that are arranged one-to-one with each of the first grooves and penetrate through and extend out of the battery functional layer;

[0103] In this embodiment, a green laser with a wavelength of 532 nm is used for cutting.

[0104] The structure of the device after cutting the second trench 301 is as follows: Figure 18-Figure 20 shown.

[0105] Step S106: removing the battery functional layer located in the second area on the device;

[0106] In this embodiment, a green laser with a wavelength of 532 nm is used to cut and remove the battery functional layer 300 located in the test area 1A and the test area 1B.

[0107] See also Figure 21-24 , the device structure after removing the battery functional layer 300 located in the test area 1A and the test area 1B is shown in the figure.

[0108] Step S107: preparing a second conductive layer on the upper surface of the device;

[0109] In this embodiment, silver is deposited on the ion transport layer and in the second groove to a thickness of 80 nm as the second conductive layer by thermal evaporation.

[0110] In some other embodiments, the second conductive layer may also be any one of a Cu electrode, an Au electrode and a C electrode.

[0111] See also Figure 25-Figure 29 The device structure after preparing the second conductive layer 400 is shown in the figure.

[0112] Step S108: using a laser to cut the second conductive layer and the battery functional layer to form third grooves that are arranged one-to-one corresponding to each of the first grooves and penetrate and extend out of the second conductive layer and the battery functional layer;

[0113] In this embodiment, a green laser with a wavelength of 532 nm is used for cutting.

[0114] The structure of the perovskite solar cell prepared after step S107 is as follows: Figure 30-Figure 34 shown.

[0115] In some other embodiments, the silver layer 500 is also filled in the third groove 401 corresponding to the perovskite sub-cell with poor efficiency, so that it is combined with the adjacent perovskite sub-cell into a sub-cell without affecting the efficiency of the entire perovskite solar cell.

[0116] Example 4

[0117] One embodiment of the present application provides a perovskite solar cell, which is prepared using the perovskite solar cell preparation method as described above.

[0118] The above description is only a partial embodiment of the present application and an explanation of the technical principles used. Those skilled in the art should understand that the scope of disclosure involved in the present application is not limited to the technical solution formed by a specific combination of the above technical features, but should also cover other technical solutions formed by any combination of the above technical features or their equivalent features without departing from the above disclosed concept. For example, the above features are replaced with the technical features with similar functions disclosed in this application (but not limited to) by each other to form a technical solution.

[0119] In addition, although each operation is described in a specific order, this should not be construed as requiring these operations to be performed in the specific order shown or in a sequential order. Under certain circumstances, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Similarly, although some specific implementation details are included in the above discussion, these should not be construed as limiting the scope of the application. Some features described in the context of a separate embodiment can also be implemented in a single embodiment in combination. On the contrary, the various features described in the context of a single embodiment can also be implemented in multiple embodiments individually or in any suitable sub-combination mode.

[0120] Although the subject matter has been described in language specific to structural features and / or methodological logical actions, it should be understood that the subject matter defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or actions described above. On the contrary, the specific features and actions described above are merely example forms of implementing the claims.

Claims

1. A perovskite solar cell, characterized in that: include: A glass substrate comprises a first region, a second region and a third region, wherein a plurality of perovskite sub-cells connected in series through a first conductive layer are formed on the first region through a first conductive layer, a battery functional layer and a second conductive layer; one second region is respectively arranged at both ends of the battery region, and each second region forms a total battery auxiliary test structure connected to the perovskite sub-cells located at the both ends through the stacked first conductive layer and the second conductive layer; the third region is arranged on either side of the battery region, and a plurality of sub-battery auxiliary test structures composed of a battery functional layer and a second conductive layer are formed in the third region, which are arranged one by one in correspondence with the perovskite sub-cells and electrically connected.

2. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that Each of the perovskite sub-cells includes a first groove penetrating through and extending out of the first conductive layer, and the cell functional layer extends into the first groove.

3. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that Each of the perovskite sub-cells includes a second groove penetrating through and extending out of the cell functional layer, and the second conductive layer extends into the second groove.

4. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: A third groove is arranged between the perovskite sub-cells, penetrating through and extending out of the cell functional layer and the second conductive layer.

5. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 4, characterized in that: The third trench extends to the third region to separate the sub-cell test structures.

6. A method for preparing a perovskite solar cell, characterized in that: include: preparing a first conductive layer on a glass substrate; Using a laser to cut the first conductive layer to form a plurality of first grooves penetrating through and extending out of the first conductive layer; removing the first conductive layer located in the third region of the device; Prepare a battery functional layer on the upper surface of the device; Cutting the battery functional layer using a laser to form second grooves corresponding to the first grooves and penetrating through and extending out of the battery functional layer; removing the battery functional layer located in the second region on the device; Preparing a second conductive layer on the upper surface of the device; The second conductive layer and the battery functional layer are cut by using a laser to form third grooves which are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with each of the first grooves and penetrate through and extend out of the second conductive layer and the battery functional layer.

7. The method for preparing a perovskite solar cell according to claim 6, characterized in that: The glass substrate includes a flexible PET substrate or a PEN substrate.

8. The method for preparing a perovskite solar cell according to claim 6, characterized in that: The first conductive layer includes any one of an ITO transparent conductive electrode, a FTO electrode and an AZO electrode, and the second conductive layer includes any one of a Cu electrode, an Au electrode and a C electrode.

9. The method for preparing a perovskite solar cell according to claim 6, characterized in that: The battery functional layer includes a hole transport layer, a perovskite layer and an ion transport layer; wherein the hole transport layer includes any one of PTAA, Meo-2PACZ, 2PACZ and 4PACZ, the perovskite layer includes any one of FAPbI3, CsFAMA and MAPbI3, and the ion transport layer is one or more of C60, BCP, PCBM, Bphen, Alq3, ZnO, SnO2.

10. A perovskite solar cell, characterized in that: The perovskite solar cell is prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 6 to 9.

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