Preparation method of chitosan mushroom dreg biological material plate

Abstract

The invention provides a preparation method of a chitosan mushroom dreg biological material plate, which comprises the following steps: preparing an oyster mushroom cultivation culture medium which is prepared by adding water into the following raw materials: cotton seed hulls, corncobs, shrimp shell wastes, wheat bran, lime and gypsum; the method comprises the following steps: uniformly stirring an oyster mushroom cultivation medium, fermenting for 11 days in a natural state to obtain a fermented culture material, putting the fermented culture material into a polypropylene fungus bag, pasteurizing at 90 DEG C, inoculating an oyster mushroom strain into the sterilized culture material, fermenting, managing fruiting of oyster mushrooms, drying fungus residues, crushing, screening, uniformly putting the screened fungus residues into a rigid mold, and carrying out hot pressing to obtain the oyster mushroom culture medium. The chitosan mushroom dreg biological material plate is obtained. The biological composite material plate prepared by the invention has good antibacterial property, mechanical property and thermal stability, and can be used in daily environment without additionally adding a bacteriostatic agent.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of biocomposite material boards, and in particular relates to a method for preparing a chitosan bacterial residue biomaterial board. Background Art

[0002] Particleboard is a man-made board made by mixing wood chips with adhesives and then pressing them under high temperature and pressure. Due to the low cost of raw materials and relatively simple production process, particleboard is widely used in furniture manufacturing and architectural decoration. However, the phenolic resin adhesive used in the production process of particleboard contains harmful substances, which may release gases that are harmful to the human body and affect indoor air quality. In addition, particleboard uses traditional wood cellulose resources such as wood chips and sawdust, and large-scale production will consume a large amount of wood resources. Summary of the invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a chitosan bacterial residue biomaterial board in view of the deficiencies of the above-mentioned prior art. The biocomposite material board prepared by this method has good antibacterial properties, mechanical properties and thermal stability, and can be used in daily environment without adding additional antibacterial agents.

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a method for preparing a chitosan bacterial residue biomaterial board, the method comprising:

[0005] S1. Preparation of Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation medium:

[0006] The oyster mushroom cultivation medium is prepared by adding water to the following raw materials in parts by weight: 58 parts of cottonseed hulls, 20 parts of corn cobs, 10 to 20 parts of shrimp shell waste, 0 to 10 parts of wheat bran, 1 part of lime, and 1 part of gypsum; the mass fraction of water in the oyster mushroom cultivation medium is 60% to 65%;

[0007] S2, stirring the Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation medium described in S1 evenly, and fermenting it under natural conditions for 11 days to obtain a fermentation culture material;

[0008] S3, placing the fermentation culture material obtained in S2 into a polypropylene bacteria bag, and pasteurizing it at a temperature of 90° C. for 30 minutes to obtain a sterilized culture material;

[0009] S4, inoculating the oyster mushroom strains with the sterilized culture medium obtained in S3 and performing solid-state fermentation in a dark environment at 20° C. After the oyster mushrooms are grown, drying and crushing the mushroom residues, and screening them with a 60 mm mesh to obtain screened mushroom residues;

[0010] S5. Place the fungus residue screened in S4 evenly in a rigid mold, and hot-press for 20 minutes at a temperature of 160° C. and a pressure of 10 MPa to obtain a chitosan fungus residue biomaterial plate.

[0011] Preferably, the specification of the rigid mold in S5 is 10 cm (length)×10 cm (width)×5 cm (height).

[0012] Preferably, the density of the chitosan residue biomaterial board in S5 is 1.1 g·mm -3 ~1.2g·mm -3 ， The elastic modulus is 1370.65MPa~1383.6MPa, the internal bonding strength is 0.57MPa~0.58MPa, and the expansion rate is 24.87%~25.6%.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0014] The biocomposite material board of the present invention utilizes the mycelium of Pleurotus ostreatus as a bioadhesive, and compared with the main formaldehyde-containing adhesive of the traditional particleboard, the experiment has achieved zero harmful substance addition. The solid fermentation of shrimp shell waste is used to produce mushroom food, and the mushroom residue products are made into composite materials boards, thereby realizing the comprehensive utilization of waste, reducing production costs and achieving the purpose of economic savings. The biocomposite material board of the present invention has good antibacterial properties, mechanical properties and thermal stability, and can be used in daily environments without the need to add additional antibacterial agents. The chitosan mushroom residue biomaterial board prepared by the present invention has an excellent flame retardant effect, quickly extinguishes after burning, has no toxic smoke during burning, and has good safety performance.

[0015] The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 This is a PCA spatial distribution diagram of the chemical composition on the surface of the chitosan bacterial residue biomaterial board of Example 1 of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 2 It is the oxidative phosphoric acid metabolism characteristic of the chemical composition on the surface of the chitosan bacteria residue biomaterial board of Example 1 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The Pleurotus ostreatus strain used in the examples is an existing strain of Jilin Agricultural University, CCMJ520.

[0019] Example 1

[0020] The preparation method of the chitosan bacteria residue biomaterial board of this embodiment is as follows:

[0021] S1. Preparation of Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation medium:

[0022] The oyster mushroom cultivation medium is prepared by adding water to the following raw materials in parts by weight: 58 parts of cottonseed hulls, 20 parts of corn cobs, 10 parts of shrimp shell waste (crayfish shells), 10 parts of wheat bran, 1 part of lime, and 1 part of gypsum; the mass fraction of water in the oyster mushroom cultivation medium is 60%;

[0023] In this embodiment, the chitin and protein content of the crayfish shells are high, which can increase the antibacterial ability of the board while promoting the yield of oyster mushrooms; after the crayfish shells are solid-state fermented by mycelium, the chitin in the crayfish shells is degraded into chitosan and chitobiose, and then the chitosan is modified by the Maillard reaction during the hot pressing process, so that it has antibacterial properties in a humid environment.

[0024] S2, stirring the Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation medium described in S1 evenly, and fermenting it under natural conditions for 11 days to obtain a fermentation culture material;

[0025] S3, placing the fermentation culture material obtained in S2 into a polypropylene bacteria bag, and pasteurizing it at a temperature of 90° C. for 30 minutes to obtain a sterilized culture material;

[0026] S4, inoculating the oyster mushroom strains with the sterilized culture medium obtained in S3 and fermenting the oyster mushrooms, drying and crushing the mushroom residue after the mushrooms are grown, and screening them with a 60 mm mesh to obtain screened mushroom residue;

[0027] Fungal hyphae act as a binder for biomaterials, increasing the bonding properties of the board after high-temperature hot pressing. The chitosan in the fungus residue comes from the degradation of the hyphae after solid-state fermentation.

[0028] S5. Place the fungus residue screened in S4 evenly in a rigid mold with a specification of 10 cm (length) × 10 cm (width) × 5 cm (height), and hot-press for 20 minutes at a temperature of 160°C and a pressure of 10 MPa to obtain a chitosan fungus residue biomaterial board.

[0029] The density of the chitosan bacterial residue biomaterial board prepared in this example is 1.1 g·mm -3 ， The elastic modulus is 1383.6MPa, the internal bonding strength is 0.57MPa, and the expansion rate is 25.6%.

[0030] In this embodiment, no toxic adhesive is used, and mycelium is used as a biological adhesive to make a biocomposite material, which effectively reduces the release of harmful gases in the air environment and is green, environmentally friendly and pollution-free.

[0031] Agricultural waste such as corn cobs, shell waste, and wheat bran are used as the main raw materials. After solid fermentation of oyster mushrooms, the mycelium of oyster mushrooms is fully combined with the substrate, which can improve the stability of the material. During the cultivation process of oyster mushrooms, the shrimp shell material is fermented twice, which further increases the content of mycelium in the mushroom residue, making the shrimp shell fully degradable.

[0032] This embodiment uses the addition method of natural chitosan, and the chitosan in the fungus residue comes from the degradation material after the mycelium solid fermentation, which enhances the antibacterial ability and thermal stability of the board.

[0033] The use of mycelium as a non-toxic adhesive and a natural antimicrobial chitosan coating in materials expands the potential application range of biocomposites such as furniture, interior building materials, toys or childcare products.

[0034] Comparative Example 1

[0035] The preparation method of the common fungus residue bio-board in this comparative example is as follows: no crayfish shell is added as the fermentation substrate of mycelium, and the rest of the operations are the same as those in Example 1;

[0036] (I) The antibacterial property of the chitosan residue biomaterial board prepared in Example 1 was tested, and the ordinary residue biomaterial board of Comparative Example 1 was used as a control, and a blank control was set up, and the blank control was an experimental group without added materials; the bacterial solution was diluted to 10 with a sterile PBS solution. 6 CFU / mL, add 3mL of bacterial solution to each sample tube to make the sample concentration 0.2g / mL, and use an equal amount of bacterial solution without sample as a white control.

[0037] Table 1 Test of resistance of bacterial residue bio-board to Escherichia coli

[0038]

[0039] Note: “ / ” indicates blank control.

[0040] (ii) PCA spatial distribution analysis was performed on the chemical components of the chitosan bacterial residue biomaterial board (red dots) prepared in Example 1 and the common bacterial residue biomaterial board (blue dots) of Comparative Example 1. Figure 1 As shown, the results show that the chemical composition of the materials before and after hot pressing is divided into two space groups, indicating the influence of the hot pressing process on the chemical composition of the biomaterials and proving the occurrence of the Maillard reaction.

[0041] (III) The chemical components of the chitosan bacterial residue biomaterial board (red dots) prepared in Example 1 and the common bacterial residue biomaterial board (blue dots) in Comparative Example 1 were analyzed for oxidative phosphoric acid metabolism characteristics. Figure 2 As shown, the results show that the chemicals in the chitosan bacterial residue biomaterial board can potentially inhibit the activity of miscellaneous bacteria, thereby achieving an antibacterial effect.

[0042] The chitosan bacterial residue biomaterial board prepared in this embodiment can use mycelium as a non-toxic adhesive, which expands the potential application range of biocomposite materials, such as furniture, indoor building materials, toys or childcare products.

[0043] Example 2

[0044] The preparation method of the chitosan bacteria residue biomaterial board of this embodiment is as follows:

[0045] S1. Preparation of Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation medium:

[0046] The oyster mushroom cultivation medium is prepared by adding water to the following raw materials in parts by weight: 58 parts of cottonseed hulls, 20 parts of corn cobs, 20 parts of shrimp shell waste (crayfish shells), 1 part of lime, and 1 part of gypsum; the mass fraction of water in the oyster mushroom cultivation medium is 65%;

[0047] S2, stirring the Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation medium described in S1 evenly, and fermenting it under natural conditions for 11 days to obtain a fermentation culture material;

[0048] S3, placing the fermentation culture material obtained in S2 into a polypropylene bacteria bag, and pasteurizing it at a temperature of 90° C. for 30 minutes to obtain a sterilized culture material;

[0049] S4, inoculating the oyster mushroom strains into the sterilized culture medium obtained in S3 and performing solid-state fermentation in a dark environment at 20° C. After the oyster mushrooms are grown, the mushroom residues are dried and crushed, and screened using a 60 mm mesh to obtain screened mushroom residues;

[0050] S5. Place the fungus residue screened in S4 evenly in a rigid mold with a specification of 10 cm×10 cm×5 cm, and hot-press for 20 minutes at a temperature of 160° C. and a pressure of 10 MPa to obtain a chitosan fungus residue biomaterial plate.

[0051] The density of the chitosan bacterial residue biomaterial board prepared in this example is 1.2 g·mm -3 ， The elastic modulus is 1370.65MPa, the internal bonding strength is 0.58MPa, and the expansion rate is 24.87%.

[0052] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the present invention in any way. Any simple modification, change and equivalent change made to the above embodiment according to the technical essence of the invention still falls within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a chitosan bacterial residue biomaterial board, characterized in that: The method is: S1. Preparation of Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation medium: The oyster mushroom cultivation medium is prepared by adding water to the following raw materials in parts by weight: 58 parts of cottonseed hulls, 20 parts of corn cobs, 10 to 20 parts of shrimp shell waste, 0 to 10 parts of wheat bran, 1 part of lime, and 1 part of gypsum; the mass fraction of water in the oyster mushroom cultivation medium is 60% to 65%; S2, stirring the Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation medium described in S1 evenly, and fermenting it under natural conditions for 11 days to obtain a fermentation culture material; S3, placing the fermentation culture material obtained in S2 into a polypropylene bacteria bag, and pasteurizing it at a temperature of 90° C. for 30 minutes to obtain a sterilized culture material; S4, inoculating the oyster mushroom strains with the sterilized culture medium obtained in S3 and performing solid-state fermentation in a dark environment at 20° C. After the oyster mushrooms are grown, drying and crushing the mushroom residues, and screening them with a 60 mm mesh to obtain screened mushroom residues; S5. Place the fungus residue screened in S4 evenly in a rigid mold, and hot-press for 20 minutes at a temperature of 160° C. and a pressure of 10 MPa to obtain a chitosan fungus residue biomaterial plate.

2. The method for preparing a chitosan bacterial residue biomaterial board according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specification of the rigid mold described in S5 is 10 cm×10 cm×5 cm.

3. The method for preparing a chitosan bacterial residue biomaterial board according to claim 1, characterized in that: The density of the chitosan bacterial residue biomaterial board in S5 is 1.1 g·mm -3 ~1.2g·mm -3 ， The elastic modulus is 1370.65MPa~1383.6MPa, the internal bonding strength is 0.57MPa~0.58MPa, and the expansion rate is 24.87%~25.6%.

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