Method for planting Amomum villosum under forest

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for planting Amomum villosum under a forest. The method comprises the following steps: selecting a variety, and determining an Amomum villosum stock plant; cutting Amomum villosum seedlings of stolons with buds from the stock plant of Amomum villosum; land preparation is conducted on the sloping field with the canopy density reaching 0.5-0.7 under the landscape forest; amomum villosum seedlings are planted under the moist landscape forest; field planting management of Amomum villosum seedlings comprises water and fertilizer management, pest control and land parcel cleaning; insect pollination is combined with artificial pollination; and harvesting. The method has the advantages that the landscape tree is matched with the Amomum villosum planting mode, maintenance management of the Amomum villosum can be more concentrated, growth of the Amomum villosum can be guaranteed, the yield of the Amomum villosum can be increased, stolons of excellent stock plants are cut into seedlings after rooting, the seedlings are separated from the stock plants and then developed into new plants, and the yield of the Amomum villosum can be increased. The method has the advantages of high motility rate, fast seedling, low cost and maintenance of excellent characters of stock plants, can guarantee excellent hereditary characters of Amomum villosum L. planted in a large area, and can solve the problems of difficult pollination and unstable maturing rate of Amomum villosum L..

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a method for planting Amomum villosum, in particular to a method for planting Amomum villosum under a forest. Background Art

[0002] Amomum villosum Lour. is a perennial evergreen herb of the genus Cardamom in the ginger family. It is mainly produced in Guangdong, Fujian, Yunnan and other provinces, among which Yangchun, Guangdong is the most famous. Its flowering period is from May to June, and its fruiting period is from August to September. The capsule is oval, purple-red when mature, brown after drying, with soft thorns on the surface that are undivided or divided, and the seeds are polygonal, accompanied by a strong aroma. Amomum villosum is the origin of the Chinese medicinal material Amomum villosum included in the "Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China" of all dynasties. It is one of the four major southern medicines, and its dried and mature fruits can be used as medicine. According to the "Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China" (2020 edition), Amomum villosum has the functions of removing dampness and appetizing, warming the spleen and stopping diarrhea, regulating qi and stabilizing the fetus. It can be used to treat dampness and turbidity in the middle, abdominal distension without hunger, spleen and stomach deficiency and cold, vomiting and diarrhea, nausea during pregnancy, and fetal movement disorder. In addition, Amomum villosum is also one of the raw materials for soup bags and spice bags for medicinal diets, and is a typical variety of medicine and food.

[0003] Amomum villosum is a semi-shade plant with special requirements for its living environment. In recent years, due to the development and utilization of the region, the ecological environment has been severely damaged, and the planting environment has undergone drastic changes, resulting in a decrease in the living environment resources suitable for Amomum villosum year by year. In addition, the natural pollination rate of Amomum villosum is extremely low, and artificial pollination is mostly used for planting, which has high labor costs. Therefore, the per-acre yield of Amomum villosum is unstable, and farmers are not very enthusiastic about planting. From the perspective of the long-term development of the Amomum villosum industry chain, the planting situation of Amomum villosum is not optimistic. Amomum villosum seedlings are mainly propagated by seed seedlings and division, supplemented by plant tissue culture. Amomum villosum is often planted under natural forests or artificial forests, such as "longan + Amomum villosum", "Oil tea + Amomum villosum" and other under-forest planting models, which are mostly matched with economic tree species such as longan and oil tea. The purpose is often to increase the per-acre yield of Amomum villosum and economic tree species. Therefore, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the growth characteristics of the two varieties and strictly manage water and fertilizer to avoid the situation of "one rises and the other falls", which is not conducive to the large-scale promotion of planting in actual production applications. Summary of the invention

[0004] The invention aims to provide a method for planting Amomum villosum under forests, so as to solve the problem in the prior art that the water and fertilizer management of Amomum villosum under economic forests is strict and is not conducive to large-scale promotion of planting.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] A method for planting Amomum villosum under a forest, the process comprising:

[0007] (1) Select the variety and determine the mother plant of Amomum villosum;

[0008] (2) cutting the runners with buds from the Amomum villosum mother plant;

[0009] (3) To organize the slopes under the landscape trees with a canopy density of 0.5-0.7;

[0010] (4) Planting Amomum villosum seedlings under moist landscape trees;

[0011] (5) Planting and management of Amomum villosum seedlings, including water and fertilizer management, pest and disease control, and land cleaning;

[0012] (6) Insect pollination combined with artificial pollination;

[0013] (7) Harvesting.

[0014] Furthermore, the method for selecting varieties in step (1) is: taking the main stem length, main stem thickness, average leaf length, average leaf width, leaf greenness, number of florets, fruit size, average fruit longitudinal diameter, average fruit transverse diameter, average weight of a single fruit, number of fruit seeds, average seed longitudinal diameter, average seed transverse diameter, gap between fruit and seed cluster, volatile oil content of seed cluster, and borneol acetate content of dry and mature fruit as main indicators, specifying the Yangchunsha variety evaluation standard, and the Yangchunsha plant with a score that reaches the standard is the Yangchunsha mother plant.

[0015] Furthermore, the evaluation standard for the Amomum villosum variety is shown in Table 1, with a full score of 50 points, and the Amomum villosum plant that reaches at least 40 points, and both the volatile oil and borneol acetate indicators must reach 3 points is considered a Amomum villosum mother plant.

[0016] Furthermore, in step (3), the slope under the landscape tree forest with a density of 0.5-0.7 is not cut down in the short term, the height of the landscape trees is more than 3m, the thickness of the soil layer is more than 40cm, there is no large-scale disease and insect pests, good ventilation, sufficient water sources, complete irrigation facilities and the slope does not exceed 30°;

[0017] The process of land preparation is: pruning in areas where the density is too high, weeding and tilling in the gaps between landscape trees according to the terrain under the landscape forest, and planting in ridges. The width of the ridge should be 2-5m, leaving a working path of 40-60cm between ridges, and arranging a field irrigation system.

[0018] Furthermore, the landscape tree is a Ficus microcarpa with a height of more than 3 meters.

[0019] Furthermore, in step (4), the seedlings are planted on rainy days from March to May. If the ramet seedlings need to be transported for a long time, they can be cut. Before planting, water can be sprayed on the ramet seedlings. The ramet seedlings are planted in the gaps between the Ficus microcarpa trees. The spacing between rows and plants should be 1.0-2.0 m. They are shallowly buried in the soil matrix. The planting depth should not exceed 10 cm. The base of the erect stem is exposed to the soil matrix, and the runners can be partially exposed on the surface of the matrix or shallowly buried with loose soil and compacted.

[0020] Or choose to plant on a sunny day with plenty of sunshine. Water immediately after planting to keep the soil moist and ensure the survival of the seedlings.

[0021] Within 1-2 months after transplanting, count the germination rate and plant additional seedlings in time according to the survival rate.

[0022] Furthermore, the operation of water and fertilizer management includes: keeping the soil moist, especially during the seedling period and the flowering and fruiting period, the soil moisture content should reach 25%-30%; within 1-2 months of planting, 0.5-2.0 kg of compound fertilizer can be applied per mu according to the type and brand of compound fertilizer; in the early flowering period of February to March, nitrogen fertilizer, potassium fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer should be used in combination to promote flower bud differentiation, 1-3 kg of urea, 15-25 kg of potassium sulfate, 20-30 kg of calcium phosphate can be applied per mu, and 0.3%-0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be sprayed on the leaves and flower buds appropriately; in October to December, that is, after the fruit is harvested, organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer are applied in combination, and 300-500 kg of organic fertilizer and 15-25 kg of compound fertilizer can be applied per mu.

[0023] Furthermore, the pest control operation includes:

[0024] For damping-off disease: remove seriously diseased plants; maintain good soil drainage; use any one or two of 0.1%-0.2% pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB) solution, Bordeaux mixture of copper sulfate: lime: water = 1:1:120, and 0.05%-0.1% thiophanate-methyl to irrigate the roots of Amomum villosum plants;

[0025] For leaf spot disease: remove seriously diseased plants and dead branches and leaves; maintain appropriate density and ventilation, and reduce environmental humidity; use Bordeaux mixture of copper sulfate: lime: water = 1:1:120-140, 50% carbendazim wettable powder 800-1000 times diluted, or two or more to spray on the leaves;

[0026] For stem rot: remove seriously diseased plants, and spray leaves and stems with 600-800 times dilution of 50% carbendazim wettable powder or 0.1%-0.3% chlorothalonil;

[0027] For anthracnose: remove and burn diseased plants; maintain good soil drainage; use any one or two of 70% methyl thiophanate diluted 1500-2000 times, 50% chlorobromoisocyanuric acid diluted 1000-1500 times, 10% difenoconazole diluted 1000-1500 times to spray the affected area;

[0028] As well as placing mousetraps to catch mice manually or using rat poison to kill mice; setting up scarecrows to guard against birds.

[0029] Furthermore, the operation process of the plot cleaning includes: manual weeding and mechanical weeding, regularly cleaning dead branches and leaves in the planting plot, pruning diseased and insect-infested branches, and controlling the density to maintain the density at 0.5-0.7. After harvesting in autumn, old, weak, and diseased Amomum villosum seedlings are dug out or cut according to actual conditions to ensure that Amomum villosum has sufficient growth space and ventilation environment;

[0030] If Amomum villosum has been planted for more than 10 years, the planting should be updated in a timely and comprehensive manner based on the flowering and fruiting conditions.

[0031] Furthermore, the pollination operation process includes: selecting blooming flowers from 7:00 to 10:00 in the morning, pushing and pulling the stamens with the thumb and index finger to adhere the stamen pollen to the style, and raising Chinese honey bees to help pollinate at 8000m 2 -10000 m 2 Place 1-2 beehives near the shade and water source of the plot and provide sufficient feed. If 2 or more beehives are needed, the beehives should be kept at a distance and staggered in height.

[0032] The advantages of the present invention are:

[0033] 1. The present invention is based on the "Guide to Plant Variety Specificity (Distinguishability), Consistency and Stability Testing of Amomum villosum" and the "Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China" (2020 edition), and takes into account comprehensive factors such as quality requirements, growth conditions, and environmental requirements of Amomum villosum to formulate a variety evaluation table for Amomum villosum, and adopts a "scoring system" to score the differences in the traits of Amomum villosum, and selects morphological indicators such as leaves, inflorescences, fruits, and seeds as the basis for screening. Each morphological indicator corresponds to different trait indicators and is evaluated from 1 to 3 points according to the excellent shape, among which the higher the score, the better. The scoring standard of the evaluation method is clear, which is conducive to intuitive and rapid judgment of the excellent situation of Amomum villosum.

[0034] 2. The present invention adopts the planting of Amomum villosum under the non-economic forests such as Banyan Tree, which belongs to the Amomum villosum planting pattern of landscape tree collocation, which is different from the Amomum villosum planting pattern of traditional economic forest collocation, and Amomum villosum is planted under the traditional economic forest, which not only needs to consider the yield problem of economic tree species, but also needs to take into account the growth state and yield of Amomum villosum, and the restriction is relatively large. The present invention only needs to consider the quality requirements of growth indicators such as the survival state and tree type of landscape tree, and does not need to consider yield, so it can be more focused on the maintenance and management of Amomum villosum, ensure the growth of Amomum villosum, and contribute to improving the yield of Amomum villosum.

[0035] 3. The present invention selects the method of division propagation, utilizes the runners of excellent mother plants to take root, cuts them into seedlings, separates them from the mother plants, and then develops them into new plants. It has the advantages of high survival rate, fast seedling formation, low cost, and maintaining the excellent traits of the mother plants, and can ensure the excellent genetic characteristics of large-scale planting of Amomum villosum.

[0036] 4. The present invention adopts a combination of artificial breeding insect pollination and artificial pollination, and introduces the breeding of Chinese honey bees on the basis of traditional artificial pollination. The problem of pollination difficulty and unstable fruiting rate of Amomum villosum can be solved. Chinese honey bees are easy to breed and have strong adaptability to the environment, which can effectively reduce the difficulty of breeding and reduce the cost of planting. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention, constitute a part of the present application, and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the drawings:

[0038] Figure 1 This is a photo of a ramet seedling with runners;

[0039] Figure 2 This is a photo of the ramet seedlings after cutting;

[0040] Figure 3 This is a photo of the root system of Amomum villosum when it was just planted;

[0041] Figure 4 This is a photo of the growth status of Amomum villosum seedlings 20 days after being planted under the forest;

[0042] Figure 5 This is a photo of the growth status of Amomum villosum seedlings 60 days after being planted under the forest;

[0043] Figure 6 This is a photo of the root system of Amomum villosum one year after planting;

[0044] Figure 7 This is a photo of the growth status of Amomum villosum planted under the forest for 3 years;

[0045] Figure 8 This is a photo of the Amomum villosum fruit in a harvestable state;

[0046] Fig. 9 This is a photo of the growth status of Amomum villosum seedlings 20 days after being planted outdoors;

[0047] Fig.10 This is a photo of the growth status of Amomum villosum 60 days after being planted in the open air. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The exemplary embodiments and descriptions of the present invention are used to explain the present invention, but are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0049] Embodiment 1 Amomum villosum seed propagation and ramet propagation test

[0050] In this embodiment, full and pest-free Amomum villosum seeds and ramet seedlings with runners were selected from the same cultivation base in Yangchun, Guangdong as propagation materials. Figure 1 The two propagation materials were grouped into treatments 1 to 5, and the propagation materials were treated separately and planted in a shade shed with a shade degree of 60% to 80% under the conditions of rainy weather in April and temperature of 25℃-30℃.

[0051] Treatment 1: 50 seeds were treated by rubbing with fine sand to remove the aril of Amomum villosum seeds and sown in moist soil.

[0052] Treatment 2: Rub with fine sand to remove the aril of Amomum villosum seeds, soak the seeds in clean water at room temperature for 24 hours, treat 50 seeds, and sow them in moist soil.

[0053] Treatment 3: Rub with fine sand to remove the aril of Amomum villosum seeds, soak the seeds in 100 mg / L gibberellin at room temperature for 24 hours, treat 50 seeds, and sow in moist soil.

[0054] Treatment 4: Rub with fine sand to remove the aril of Amomum villosum seeds, soak the seeds in 400 mg / L gibberellin at room temperature for 24 hours, treat 50 seeds, and sow in moist soil.

[0055] Treatment 5: Select strong mother plants with excellent traits and no diseases or insect pests, cut 50 seedlings with 3-4 buds on the runners, cut the stems and transport them to the shade shed, soak the roots of the seedlings in clean water for 30 seconds, plant them shallowly in moist soil at a planting depth of about 5-10cm, expose a small part of the runners, and compact them.

[0056] After 30 days of normal maintenance, the germination rate of each treatment was counted and calculated. It was found that in actual production applications, although the germination rate of seeds treated with gibberellins increased, it was still much lower than the germination rate of seedling propagation using ramet seedlings. Therefore, in actual production, the advantage of ramet propagation of Amomum villosum is significantly higher than that of seed propagation. The results are shown in Table 3:

[0057] Table 3 Germination of Amomum villosum in different propagation methods

[0058]

[0059] In subsequent experiments, the ramet seedlings of runners with buds were used as propagation materials.

[0060] Example 2 Comparative test of Amomum villosum planting under different canopy density conditions

[0061] The ramet seedlings of the creeping stems with buds were used as propagation materials. The ramet propagation method was adopted. The same batch of Amomum villosum ramet seedlings with excellent traits were shallowly planted in plots with different canopy densities on the same hillside. The canopy densities of the planting plots were 0 (open air), 0.2-0.3 (under the Ficus microcarpa forest), and 0.5-0.7 (under the Ficus microcarpa forest). The number of plants in each treatment group was 200. After 30 days of normal maintenance, the germination rate of each treatment was counted and calculated. The results are shown in Table 4:

[0062] Table 4 Germination of Amomum villosum at different canopy densities

[0063]

[0064] From the statistical results and the growth status of the seedlings, it can be seen that the germination time of new buds in the canopy density range of 0.5-0.8 is faster, with the earliest germination time being 10 days, while the earliest germination time of seedlings in the open air without shade is 16 days. In addition, the new buds in the unshaded plots are generally yellow and wrinkled, while increasing the shade can significantly improve the yellowing of leaves, and the leaves will become emerald green.

[0065] Example 3: Experimental study on germination of Amomum villosum in different slopes under the forest of Banyan tree

[0066] The ramet seedlings of creeping stems with buds were used as propagation materials. The ramet propagation method was adopted. The same batch of ramet seedlings with excellent traits were shallowly planted in the upper, middle and lower slopes of the same Ficus regia forest. Three sample plots were set up on the upper, middle and lower slopes, with 100 plants planted in each plot. After 30 days of normal maintenance, the germination rate of each plot was counted and calculated. The results showed that although the ramet seedlings were planted in the same Ficus regia forest, the germination number of ramet seedlings planted in different slopes would be different. Among them, the germination rate of ramet seedlings planted in the upper slope was significantly lower than that in the middle and lower slopes. This may be due to the different factors such as canopy density, soil erosion, and water conditions at different slopes.

[0067] Table 5 Planting conditions of Amomum villosum on different slopes

[0068]

[0069] Example 4 Exploration experiment on different pollination modes of Amomum villosum under the forest of Banyan tree

[0070] The ramet seedlings of the creeping stems with buds were used as propagation materials. The ramet propagation method was adopted, and the same batch of Yangchunsha ramet seedlings with excellent traits were shallowly planted in the rich banyan plot. During the flowering period of the third year of planting Yangchunsha, two sample plots (20m×20m) were divided in the same plot, and 100 flowers were taken from each sample plot as the treatment group. Pollination was completed by natural pollination (no artificial pollination) and artificial pollination. The artificial pollination time was 8:00-10:00 in the morning. After the pollination was completed, the pollinated flowers were marked with hanging signs, and the development and fruiting of the pollinated flowers were observed every week. The number of results was uniformly calculated in early August.

[0071] Chinese honey bees are a special bee species in my country. They are good at using sporadic nectar sources, have strong disease resistance and stress resistance, and have a long honey collection period. They are very suitable for fixed-point breeding in mountainous areas. In order to introduce artificially bred Chinese honey bees for pollination, in the spring of February and March of the fourth year of planting Yangchunsha, Chinese honey bees and beehives were purchased and breeding began. The beehives were made of fir wood, with a length, width and height of 51cm×34.5cm×34.5cm, and a thickness of about 1.5cm. In the plot under the rich banyan forest, a quiet, leeward, sunny, dry, near a clean water source and with a shade of trees was selected to place the beehives. The beehives should be placed in an interlaced manner, keeping a distance to avoid fighting between bees in the colonies. Breeding personnel should pay attention to the activities of the bees at any time during the breeding process. When the nectar source is insufficient, appropriate artificial feeding should be carried out, including supplementary feeding of honey, syrup, etc. When the flowering period of the Amomum villosum in April and May, two plots (20m×20m) were divided under the forest of Banyan tree. 100 flowers were selected from each plot as the treatment group. Pollination was completed by artificial bee pollination (no artificial pollination) and artificial bee pollination + artificial pollination, and the treated flowers were marked. The number of fruits was counted in the fruiting period in early August.

[0072] Through different pollination modes, comprehensive comparison finds that under the natural state of Amomum villosum, the fruiting rate of Amomum villosum is only 7.00%, while through artificial pollination of human intervention, the fruiting rate of Amomum villosum will be increased to 26.00%, so in practical application production, the result of Amomum villosum depends on artificial pollination. In order to further explore the method for improving the fruiting rate of Amomum villosum, the present invention introduces the breeding of Apis cerana, in order to improve the fruiting rate of Amomum villosum by insect pollination, and the result shows: compared with the fruiting rate of Amomum villosum in the natural state of 7.00%, the fruiting rate of Amomum villosum introduced to pollinate by artificial breeding bees reaches 11.00%, and artificial pollination is carried out while artificial breeding bees, and the fruiting rate is greatly increased to 32.00%.

[0073] Table 6 Fruiting of Amomum villosum with different pollination methods

[0074]

[0075]

[0076] Embodiment 5 The method for planting Amomum villosum under the rich banyan forest

[0077] This embodiment provides a method for planting Amomum villosum under a Banyan tree, and the process is as follows:

[0078] 1. Variety selection

[0079] Conduct a survey of germplasm resources in areas with rich wild Amomum villosum resources or in places where Amomum villosum is introduced and cultivated, such as Guangdong Province, Yunnan Province, and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. Based on the Guide to Testing Plant Varieties Specificity (Distinguishability), Consistency, and Stability of Amomum villosum and the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China (2020 edition), develop an evaluation form for Amomum villosum varieties, and make good markings and records. Select planting varieties based on a comprehensive evaluation of the growth advantages of each variety of Amomum villosum, the planting environment, and other conditions. Generally, varieties with many flowers and fruits, high yield, thick stems, and strong resistance to stress are preferred.

[0080] Table 1 Evaluation table of Amomum villosum varieties

[0081]

[0082]

[0083]

[0084] The full score is 50 points, and at least 40 points must be reached. Moreover, both the volatile oil and borneol acetate indicators must reach 3 points before planting can be selected.

[0085] 2. Reproduction method

[0086] In order to maintain the genetic traits and reproductive advantages of the mother plant, and verified by Example 1, this embodiment adopts the method of division propagation: select a mother plant with excellent genetic traits and strong body, cut it into seedlings with buds and runners, and use the seedlings to cultivate complete new individuals.

[0087] 3. Plot selection

[0088] Select plots under the Banyan tree forest that will not be cut down in the short term, with a height of more than 3m, a soil layer thickness of more than 40cm, a canopy density of 0.5-0.7, no large-scale pests and diseases, good ventilation, sufficient water sources, complete irrigation facilities and a slope not exceeding 30°.

[0089] 4. Land preparation

[0090] Carry out pruning in areas where the density is too high. According to the terrain under the Banyan tree forest, weed and till the ground in the gaps between the Banyan tree plantings, and open up ridges for planting. The ridge width should be 2-5m, and there should be a 40-60cm wide working path between ridges. Arrange a field irrigation system.

[0091] 5. Colonization

[0092] Choose to plant on rainy days from March to May. If the seedlings need to be transported for a long time, they can be cut. Figure 2 As shown. Before transplanting, water can be sprayed on the division seedlings appropriately. The cut division seedlings are planted in the gaps between the Ficus microcarpa trees, with a row and plant spacing of 1.0-2.0m, and are shallowly buried in the soil matrix. The planting depth should not exceed 10cm, so that the base of the erect stems is exposed to the soil matrix, and the creeping stems can be partially exposed on the surface of the matrix or shallowly buried with loose soil and compacted. If transplanting is done on a sunny day with plenty of sunlight, irrigation and watering should be carried out immediately after transplanting to keep the soil matrix moist and ensure the survival of the seedlings. Figure 3 Shown is the root condition of Amomum villosum when it was just planted.

[0093] Within 1-2 months after transplanting, count the germination rate and plant additional seedlings in time according to the survival rate.

[0094] like Figure 4 The picture shows the growth status of Amomum villosum seedlings 20 days after being planted under the forest. The leaves are emerald green and stretched without shrinkage.

[0095] like Figure 5 The picture shows the growth state of Amomum villosum seedlings 60 days after being planted under the forest. Many leaves have grown, and the leaves are emerald green, stretched and not wrinkled.

[0096] like Figure 6 The following is the root system of Amomum villosum one year after planting.

[0097] like Figure 7 Shown is the growth status of the Amomum villosum planted under the forest for 3 years. The leaves are dark green and shiny, stretched out without wrinkles.

[0098] As the years of growth increase, the stems of Amomum villosum remain upright and unbranched, and the leaves have no petioles. The color of the leaves gradually deepens to a dark green gloss and is lanceolate. The root stolons grow and thicken, and the stolons begin to sprout terminal buds, which gradually sprout into new plants. At the same time, the bottom of the plant stem will continue to grow into young shoots, which will grow into new stolons after elongation.

[0099] 6. Planting management

[0100] After planting, the following management is required for the Amomum villosum:

[0101] 6.1. Water and fertilizer management

[0102] (1) Control the irrigation system and irrigate according to actual weather conditions to keep the soil moist, especially during the seedling stage and flowering and fruiting period, the soil moisture content should reach 25%-30%. Pay attention to drainage and waterlogging prevention on rainy days.

[0103] (2) Within 1-2 months after planting, the amount of compound fertilizer (667m 2) 0.5-2.0kg of compound fertilizer can be applied.

[0104] (3) In the early flowering period from February to March, nitrogen fertilizer, potassium fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer should be used together to promote flower bud differentiation. 2 ) 1-3kg of urea, 15-25kg of potassium sulfate, 20-30kg of calcium phosphate can be applied, and 0.3%-0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be sprayed on the leaves and flower buds appropriately.

[0105] (4) In October to December, after the fruit is harvested, organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer can be applied together, with an area of ​​667 m 2 ) Apply 300-500kg of organic fertilizer and 15-25kg of compound fertilizer.

[0106] 6.2 Pest and disease control

[0107] The disease and pest control of Amomum villosum should be based on prevention, combining prevention and control, giving priority to agricultural control, physical control, biological control and other methods, and avoiding the use of chemical control as much as possible. Chemical control methods should be used only when necessary, and the amount of chemical agents used should be strictly controlled.

[0108] Table 2 Common diseases and pests of Amomum villosum and their control methods

[0109]

[0110]

[0111] 6.3. Plot cleaning

[0112] (1) Weeding: Herbicides cannot be used for weeding. Manual and mechanical weeding are required. Before the seedlings grow to the point of closing the row, weeds near the seedlings should be removed manually every 1-2 months. Mechanical weeding can be used on the working path.

[0113] (2) Pruning: Regularly clean up dead branches and leaves in the planting area, prune diseased and insect-infested branches, and control the density of the tree to maintain a density of 0.5-0.7.

[0114] (3) Seedling removal: After the fruit is harvested in autumn, old, weak, and diseased Amomum villosum seedlings should be dug out or cut as needed to ensure that Amomum villosum has sufficient growth space and ventilation environment.

[0115] 6.4 Pollination

[0116] The pollination of Amomum villosum is carried out by combining artificial pollination and insect pollination. From 7:00 to 10:00 in the morning, select the blooming flowers, push and pull the stamens with the thumb and index finger, and stick the stamen pollen to the style. At the same time, raise Chinese honey bees to help pollinate. 2 -10000 m 2Place 1-2 beehives in the shade and water source of the plot, provide sufficient feed (pollen and honey) to ensure the nutritional needs of the bees. If you need to place 2 or more beehives, the beehives should be kept at a distance and staggered in height.

[0117] 7. Harvest

[0118] Yangchunsha usually starts to bear fruit 2-3 years after planting, usually in August-October. Figure 8 As shown in the figure, when the fruit is purple or brown and the seeds are dark brown, it is time to start harvesting. It is best to cut the entire ear and avoid pulling it directly with your hands.

[0119] 8. Processing

[0120] (1) Sorting and cleaning: After harvesting, the fruits should be processed in time and should not be stored side by side. After harvesting, cut off the branches, rotten fruits and tender fruits, pick out impurities and clean them, and spread them out in a cool place for storage.

[0121] (2) Fixing: Adjust the oven temperature to 90-100℃. After the temperature stabilizes, place the fruit in the oven for 2-4 hours. When the fruit changes color and softens, and water overflows when lightly pressed, take it out of the oven and then cool it naturally to room temperature.

[0122] (3) Drying: The cooled fruits are placed in an oven at 50-65°C to dry the fruits to a moisture content of about 15%-20%.

[0123] 9. Update planting

[0124] If Amomum villosum has been planted for more than 10 years, the planting should be updated in a timely and comprehensive manner based on the flowering and fruiting conditions.

[0125] Embodiment 6 open-air planting Amomum villosum

[0126] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 5 is that the open-air planting Fig. 9 The following is the growth status of Amomum villosum seedlings 20 days after being planted outdoors. The leaves are slightly yellowish green. Fig.10 The figure shows the growth state of Amomum villosum after 60 days of outdoor planting. The leaves are yellow-green and wrinkled, and the number of leaves is less than that of Amomum villosum in the same period of Example 5.

[0127] The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present invention are introduced in detail above. Specific examples are used herein to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the embodiments of the present invention. The description of the above embodiments is only applicable to help understand the principles of the embodiments of the present invention. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the embodiments of the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scopes. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for planting Amomum villosum under a forest, characterized in that: The process includes: (1) Select the variety and determine the mother plant of Amomum villosum; (2) cutting the runners with buds from the Amomum villosum mother plant; (3) To organize the slopes under the landscape trees with a canopy density of 0.5-0.7; (4) Planting Amomum villosum seedlings under moist landscape trees; (5) Planting and management of Amomum villosum seedlings, including water and fertilizer management, pest and disease control, and land cleaning; (6) Insect pollination combined with artificial pollination; (7) Harvesting.

2. The method for planting Amomum villosum under forest according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for selecting varieties in step (1) is: taking the main stem length, main stem thickness, average leaf length, average leaf width, leaf greenness, number of florets, fruit size, average fruit longitudinal diameter, average fruit transverse diameter, average weight of a single fruit, number of fruit seeds, average seed longitudinal diameter, average seed transverse diameter, gap between fruit and seed group, volatile oil content of seed group, and borneol acetate content of dry and mature fruit as main indicators, specifying the evaluation standard of Amomum villosum variety, and the Amomum villosum plant with a score that reaches the standard is the Amomum villosum mother plant.

3. A method for planting Amomum villosum under forests according to claim 2, characterized in that: The evaluation standard for the Amomum villosum variety is shown in Table 1. The full score is 50 points, and the Amomum villosum plant that reaches at least 40 points, and both the volatile oil and borneol acetate indicators must reach 3 points is considered a Amomum villosum mother plant.

4. The method for planting Amomum villosum under forest according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (3), the slope under the landscape tree forest with a density of 0.5-0.7 is not cut down in the short term, the height of the landscape trees is more than 3m, the thickness of the soil layer is more than 40cm, there is no large-scale disease and insect pests, good ventilation, sufficient water sources, complete irrigation facilities and the slope does not exceed 30°; The process of land preparation is: pruning in areas where the density is too high, weeding and tilling in the gaps between landscape trees according to the terrain under the landscape forest, and planting in ridges. The width of the ridge should be 2-5m, leaving a working path of 40-60cm between ridges, and arranging a field irrigation system.

5. The method for planting Amomum villosum under forest according to claim 4, characterized in that: The landscape tree is a Ficus microcarpa tree that is more than 3 meters tall.

6. The method for planting Amomum villosum under forest according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (4), the seedlings are planted on rainy days from March to May. If the ramet seedlings need to be transported for a long time, they can be cut. Before planting, water can be sprayed on the ramet seedlings. The ramet seedlings are planted in the gaps between the Ficus microcarpa trees. The spacing between rows and plants should be 1.0-2.0 m. They are shallowly buried in the soil matrix. The planting depth should not exceed 10 cm. The base of the erect stem is exposed to the soil matrix, and the runners can be partially exposed on the surface of the matrix or shallowly buried with loose soil and compacted. Or choose to plant on a sunny day with plenty of sunshine. Water immediately after planting to keep the soil moist and ensure the survival of the seedlings. Within 1-2 months after transplanting, count the germination rate and plant additional seedlings in time according to the survival rate.

7. The method for planting Amomum villosum under forest according to claim 1, characterized in that: The operation of water and fertilizer management includes: keeping the soil moist, especially during the seedling period and the flowering and fruiting period, the soil moisture content should reach 25%-30%; within 1-2 months of planting, 0.5-2.0kg of compound fertilizer can be applied per mu according to the type and brand of compound fertilizer; in the early flowering period of February to March, nitrogen fertilizer, potassium fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer should be used in combination to promote flower bud differentiation, 1-3kg of urea, 15-25kg of potassium sulfate, 20-30kg of calcium phosphate can be applied per mu, and 0.3%-0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be sprayed on leaves and flower buds appropriately; in October to December, that is, after fruit picking, organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer are applied in combination, 300-500kg of organic fertilizer and 15-25kg of compound fertilizer can be applied per mu.

8. The method for planting Amomum villosum under forest according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pest control operations include: For damping-off disease: remove seriously diseased plants; maintain good soil drainage; use any one or two of 0.1%-0.2% pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB) solution, Bordeaux mixture of copper sulfate: lime: water = 1:1:120, and 0.05%-0.1% thiophanate-methyl to irrigate the roots of Amomum villosum plants; For leaf spot disease: remove seriously diseased plants and dead branches and leaves; maintain appropriate density and ventilation, and reduce environmental humidity; use Bordeaux mixture of copper sulfate: lime: water = 1:1:120-140, 50% carbendazim wettable powder 800-1000 times diluted, or two or more to spray on the leaves; For stem rot: remove seriously diseased plants, and spray leaves and stems with 600-800 times dilution of 50% carbendazim wettable powder or 0.1%-0.3% chlorothalonil; For anthracnose: remove and burn diseased plants; maintain good soil drainage; use any one or two of 70% methyl thiophanate diluted 1500-2000 times, 50% chlorobromoisocyanuric acid diluted 1000-1500 times, 10% difenoconazole diluted 1000-1500 times to spray the affected area; As well as placing mousetraps to catch mice manually or using rat poison to kill mice; setting up scarecrows to guard against birds.

9. The method for planting Amomum villosum under forest according to claim 1, characterized in that: The operation process of the plot cleaning includes: manual weeding and mechanical weeding, regular cleaning of dead branches and leaves in the planting plot, pruning of diseased and insect-infested branches, and controlling the density to maintain the density at 0.5-0.

7. After the fruit is harvested in autumn, old, weak, and diseased Amomum villosum seedlings are dug out or cut according to actual conditions to ensure that Amomum villosum has sufficient growth space and ventilation environment; If Amomum villosum has been planted for more than 10 years, the planting should be updated in a timely and comprehensive manner based on the flowering and fruiting conditions.

10. The method for planting Amomum villosum under forest according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pollination operation process includes: selecting blooming flowers from 7:00 to 10:00 in the morning, pushing and pulling the stamens with the thumb and index finger to adhere the stamen pollen to the style, and raising Chinese honey bees to help pollination at 8000m 2 -10000 m 2 Place 1-2 beehives near the shade and water source of the plot and provide sufficient feed. If 2 or more beehives are needed, the beehives should be kept at a distance and staggered in height.

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