Quick response supercharging device for high-power internal combustion engine

Abstract

The invention provides a quick response supercharging device for a high-power internal combustion engine. The quick response supercharging device comprises a turbocharger and a driving unit. The driving unit comprises a supporting assembly, a driving assembly and a flow guide assembly. The supporting assembly comprises a containing cylinder and a plurality of supporting rods, and the multiple supporting rods are arranged on the peripheral side of the containing cylinder in a radial shape. The driving assembly comprises an outer shell, a lining pipe, a motor rotor winding, a motor stator winding, an electromagnetic clutch coil and an electromagnetic clutch mandrel, the outer shell is detachably arranged in the containing cylinder, and an air inlet and an air outlet are formed in the two ends of the outer shell respectively. The flow guide assembly comprises a first flow guide cover and a second flow guide cover, and the first flow guide cover and the second flow guide cover cover the two ends of the outer shell correspondingly. According to the quick response supercharging device for the high-power internal combustion engine, the compressor impeller shaft can be driven through the driving unit, the wind resistance of the driving unit can be reduced, and good heat dissipation can be conducted on the driving assembly.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of internal combustion engine superchargers, and in particular relates to a fast-response supercharging device for a high-power internal combustion engine. Background Art

[0002] In the prior art, in order to increase the power of the internal combustion engine and reduce its fuel consumption and emissions, technicians in this field usually choose to use a supercharger to pressurize the air entering the internal combustion engine, thereby increasing the charge density of the cylinder of the internal combustion engine. However, the existing turbochargers generally use the exhaust energy of the internal combustion engine to drive the compressor to work, so there will be a problem of insufficient intake volume at the initial start of the internal combustion engine, resulting in a small excess air coefficient of the internal combustion engine, low compression end pressure, and low compressed gas temperature, which in turn increases the difficulty of starting the internal combustion engine. Especially for internal combustion engine models with relatively low compression ratios, even if the internal combustion engine successfully completes ignition, the supercharger will be difficult to function normally due to the low exhaust energy.

[0003] To solve the above problems, technicians in this field will install a motor inside the supercharger, so as to assist the compressor in driving. However, the installation of a motor will block the intake air passage of the compressor, thereby affecting the driving effect of the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine on the compressor impeller. At the same time, the motor placed inside the intake air passage of the compressor cannot be effectively cooled, so the motor is prone to shut down due to overheating during actual operation, and in severe cases, it may cause damage to the motor, resulting in unnecessary losses. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of this, the present invention aims to provide a fast response supercharging device for a high-power internal combustion engine to solve the above technical problems.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the technical solution created by the present invention is implemented as follows:

[0006] A fast response supercharging device for a high-power internal combustion engine comprises a turbocharger and a drive unit, wherein the drive unit is arranged inside an air intake passage of a compressor of the turbocharger, and the drive unit comprises: a support assembly, a drive assembly and a flow guide assembly;

[0007] The support assembly includes a receiving tube and a plurality of support rods, an outer guide channel is formed between the outer side wall of the receiving tube and the inner side wall of the compressor inlet channel, the plurality of support rods are radially arranged around the receiving tube, and the outer side wall of the receiving tube is connected to the inner side wall of the compressor inlet channel through the support rods;

[0008] The drive assembly comprises: an outer shell, an inner liner, a motor rotor winding, a motor stator winding, an electromagnetic clutch coil and an electromagnetic clutch core shaft; the outer shell is detachably arranged inside the accommodating cylinder, and an air inlet hole and an air outlet hole are respectively arranged at both ends of the outer shell; the inner liner is arranged inside the outer shell, and the two ends of the inner liner are respectively connected with the air inlet hole and the air outlet hole, and a accommodating cavity is formed between the inner liner and the outer shell; the motor rotor winding, the motor stator winding and the electromagnetic clutch coil are all arranged inside the accommodating cavity, and the end of the electromagnetic clutch coil is fixedly connected to the end of the motor rotor winding; the electromagnetic clutch core shaft is located inside the inner liner, and a plurality of permanent magnets are arranged on the electromagnetic clutch core shaft, and one end of the electromagnetic clutch core shaft is connected to the compressor impeller shaft of the turbocharger;

[0009] The guide assembly includes a first guide cover and a second guide cover. The first guide cover is a detachable cover arranged at the end of the outer shell with an air inlet hole, and a plurality of air inlet cuts are arranged on the first guide cover. The second guide cover is a detachable cover arranged at the end of the outer shell with an air outlet hole, a connecting hole for accommodating the compressor impeller shaft is arranged on the second guide cover, and a plurality of air outlet cuts are arranged on the second guide cover.

[0010] Furthermore, the first air guide cover and the second air guide cover are both conical air guide covers with the larger end facing the outer shell, and the taper of the first air guide cover is smaller than the taper of the second air guide cover.

[0011] Furthermore, a conical air collecting plate with a small end facing the outer shell is provided inside the first air guide cover, the conical air collecting plate is located between the air inlet hole and the air inlet cutout, and a guide hole connected to the air inlet hole is provided on the conical air collecting plate.

[0012] Furthermore, the area of ​​the guide hole is smaller than the total area of ​​the plurality of air inlet cutouts.

[0013] Furthermore, a plurality of spiral guide grooves are provided on the conical gas collecting plate.

[0014] Furthermore, the width of the spiral guide groove at one end close to the air inlet is greater than the width at one end away from the air inlet, and the width of the air inlet cutout at one end close to the outer shell is greater than the width of the cutout at one end away from the outer shell.

[0015] Furthermore, a flow guide camber surface is provided at one end of the electromagnetic clutch core shaft away from the compressor impeller shaft.

[0016] Furthermore, the plurality of support rods include at least one positioning support rod, a threaded hole is provided inside the positioning support rod, a positioning bolt is provided in the threaded hole, and a bolt hole for accommodating the bottom end of the positioning bolt is provided on the side wall of the outer shell.

[0017] Furthermore, the plurality of support rods include at least one wiring support rod, and a wiring hole for accommodating cables is provided inside the wiring support rod.

[0018] Furthermore, the fast response supercharging device for a high-power internal combustion engine also includes a speed sensor. A mounting hole is provided on the compressor intake passage of the turbocharger. The speed sensor is inserted into the compressor intake passage of the turbocharger along the mounting hole, and the detection end of the speed sensor faces the compressor impeller shaft.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the fast response supercharging device for a high-power internal combustion engine created by the present invention has the following advantages:

[0020] (1) The invention creates a fast response supercharging device for a high-power internal combustion engine, which can drive the compressor impeller shaft of the turbocharger to rotate through the drive unit when the internal combustion engine is in the initial stage of startup or when the compression ratio is relatively low due to special working conditions, so that the turbocharger can function normally and ensure that the internal combustion engine obtains sufficient filling density. Secondly, the device fixes the drive assembly inside the compressor inlet passage of the turbocharger through a support assembly, and can reduce the wind resistance of the drive assembly through a guide assembly to prevent the intake of the turbocharger from being excessively affected. In addition, the device is provided with an air inlet hole and an air outlet hole on the outer shell, and an air inlet cutout and an air outlet cutout on the guide assembly, so that when the airflow flows through the drive unit, the airflow can enter the interior of the drive assembly, thereby dissipating the heat to the components inside the outer shell.

[0021] (2) The invention creates a fast response supercharging device for a high-power internal combustion engine, which has a conical air collecting plate inside the first air guide cover, and a guide hole on the conical air collecting plate, so that the airflow entering the drive assembly can be gathered with the help of the conical air collecting plate. Secondly, since the area of ​​the guide hole is smaller than the total area of ​​the multiple air inlet cutouts, the process of the airflow passing through the guide hole can accelerate the airflow to enhance the heat dissipation effect of the airflow on the inside of the drive assembly. In addition, the device is also provided with a plurality of spiral guide grooves on the conical air collecting plate, through which the airflow can form a swirl when entering the drive assembly, further enhancing the heat dissipation effect of the airflow. At the same time, since the width of the spiral guide groove close to the air inlet hole is greater than the width away from the air inlet hole, when the airflow leaves the spiral guide groove and enters the drive assembly, the spiral guide groove can also diffuse the airflow, thereby increasing the circulation range of the airflow and further enhancing the heat dissipation effect of the airflow. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] The drawings constituting part of the present invention are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments and descriptions of the present invention are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation on the present invention. In the drawings:

[0023] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a fast response supercharging device for a high-power internal combustion engine according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 A cross-sectional view of a fast-response supercharging device for a high-power internal combustion engine according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 A cross-sectional view of the fast response supercharging device for a high-power internal combustion engine according to an embodiment of the present invention at another angle;

[0026] Figure 4 A cross-sectional view of the flow guide assembly and the drive assembly described in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 5 A schematic structural diagram of the flow guide assembly and the outer shell described in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Description of reference numerals:

[0029] 11-turbine casing; 12-turbine impeller; 13-bearing body; 14-compressor casing; 15-compressor air inlet channel; 16-compressor impeller; 17-compressor impeller shaft; 21-accommodating tube; 22-positioning support rod; 221-positioning bolt; 23-wiring support rod; 231-wiring hole; 31-outer casing; 311-inlet hole; 312-outlet hole; 313-bolt hole; 32-liner tube; 33-motor rotor winding; 34-motor stator winding; 35-electromagnetic clutch coil; 36-electromagnetic clutch core shaft; 361-permanent magnet; 362-flow guide arc surface; 4-first guide cover; 41-inlet cutout; 42-conical air collecting plate; 421-guide hole; 422-spiral guide groove; 5-second guide cover; 51-connecting hole; 52-outlet cutout; 6-speed sensor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments may be combined with each other.

[0031] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", etc. are only used for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, features defined as "first", "second", etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "multiple" means two or more.

[0032] In the description of the invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installation", "connection" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0033] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with embodiments.

[0034] A fast response supercharging device for a high-power internal combustion engine, the structure of which can be Figure 1-Figure 5 In this embodiment, the fast response supercharging device for a high-power internal combustion engine includes a turbocharger and a drive unit, and the drive unit is arranged inside the compressor intake passage 15 of the turbocharger.

[0035] It should be noted that the turbocharger described in this embodiment is a common auxiliary air intake device for internal combustion engines, and generally includes: a turbine housing 11, a bearing body 13, and a compressor housing 14, wherein a rotatable turbine impeller 12 is provided inside the turbine housing 11, and a rotatable compressor impeller 16 is provided inside the compressor housing 14, and the compressor impeller 16 and the turbine impeller 12 are coaxially connected through a compressor impeller shaft 17. When a conventional turbocharger is working, the exhaust gas generated by the internal combustion engine will enter the turbine housing 11, thereby driving the turbine impeller 12 to rotate. Since the compressor impeller 16 and the turbine impeller 12 are coaxially connected, the rotation of the turbine impeller 12 will drive the compressor impeller 16 to rotate, so that the compressor housing 14 inhales air from the external environment along the compressor intake passage 15, and introduces the air into the cylinder of the internal combustion gas, thereby achieving the purpose of increasing the cylinder charge density of the internal combustion engine.

[0036] However, at the initial start-up of the internal combustion engine, the amount of exhaust gas generated by the internal combustion engine is relatively small, and at this time, the intake volume of the conventional turbocharger is relatively low, so that the compressor cannot provide compressed air for the internal combustion engine. To solve this problem, in the present embodiment, at the initial start-up of the internal combustion engine or when the amount of exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine is relatively low due to special working conditions, the compressor impeller shaft 17 is driven by the driving unit, so that the turbocharger can obtain a good working effect.

[0037] In this embodiment, the drive unit includes: a support assembly, a drive assembly and a guide assembly, wherein the drive assembly is used to drive the compressor impeller shaft 17 to rotate, the support assembly is used to support and fix the position of the drive assembly, and the guide assembly is used to reduce the wind resistance of the drive unit and improve the heat dissipation effect of the drive assembly to avoid adverse effects on the turbocharger after the drive unit is installed.

[0038] Specifically, the support assembly includes a housing tube 21 and a plurality of support rods, an outer guide channel is formed between the outer side wall of the housing tube 21 and the inner side wall of the compressor intake passage 15, and the plurality of support rods are radially arranged around the housing tube 21, and the outer side wall of the housing tube 21 is connected to the inner side wall of the compressor intake passage 15 through the support rods. When in use, the housing tube 21 can provide a mounting base for the drive assembly so that the drive assembly is fixed inside the compressor intake passage 15 of the turbocharger. Since an outer guide channel is formed between the outer side wall of the housing tube 21 and the inner side wall of the compressor intake passage 15, the outside air sucked along the compressor intake passage 15 can enter the compressor casing 14 through the outer guide channel, and thus smoothly enter the internal combustion engine.

[0039] The drive assembly in this embodiment includes an outer shell 31 and an inner liner 32. Figure 2 and Figure 4As shown, the outer shell 31 is detachably arranged inside the accommodating cylinder 21, and an air inlet hole 311 and an air outlet hole 312 are respectively arranged at both ends of the outer shell 31. The inner liner 32 is arranged inside the outer shell 31, and both ends of the inner liner 32 are respectively connected with the air inlet hole 311 and the air outlet hole 312, and an accommodating cavity is formed between the inner liner 32 and the outer shell 31. When in use, part of the air flow inside the compressor inlet passage 15 will enter the drive assembly along the air inlet hole 311, and leave the drive assembly along the air outlet hole 312, thereby realizing the heat dissipation of the drive assembly and further reducing the obstruction of the drive assembly to the air flow.

[0040] Optionally, to enhance the fixing effect of the driving assembly, the plurality of support rods may include at least one positioning support rod 22. Figure 3 As shown, a threaded hole should be provided inside the positioning support rod 22, and a positioning bolt 221 is provided in the threaded hole. Correspondingly, a bolt hole 313 is provided on the side wall of the outer shell 31. After the outer shell 31 is installed in the accommodating cylinder 21, the staff can screw the positioning bolt 221 downward so that the bottom end of the positioning bolt 221 is inserted into the bolt hole 313, thereby locking the position of the drive assembly inside the accommodating cylinder 21.

[0041] In this embodiment, the drive assembly further includes: a motor rotor winding 33, a motor stator winding 34, an electromagnetic clutch coil 35 and an electromagnetic clutch core shaft 36, wherein the motor rotor winding 33, the motor stator winding 34 and the electromagnetic clutch coil 35 are all arranged inside the accommodating cavity, and the end of the electromagnetic clutch coil 35 is fixedly connected to the end of the motor rotor winding 33, the electromagnetic clutch core shaft 36 is located inside the inner liner tube 32, a plurality of permanent magnets 361 are arranged on the electromagnetic clutch core shaft 36, and one end of the electromagnetic clutch core shaft 36 is connected to the compressor impeller shaft 17 of the turbocharger. Since the end of the electromagnetic clutch coil 35 is fixedly connected to the end of the motor rotor winding 33, when the motor stator winding 34 is energized, the motor rotor winding 33 will drive the electromagnetic clutch coil 35 to rotate. If the compressor impeller shaft 17 needs to be driven to rotate by the driving unit at this time, current should be synchronously transmitted to the electromagnetic clutch coil 35. Since a plurality of permanent magnets 361 are provided on the electromagnetic clutch core shaft 36, after the electromagnetic clutch coil 35 is energized, the electromagnetic clutch core shaft 36 will rotate synchronously with the electromagnetic clutch coil 35 under the electromagnetic action, so as to realize the driving of the compressor impeller shaft 17.

[0042] As an optional implementation of this embodiment, since part of the airflow inside the compressor inlet passage 15 will flow in the driving assembly, in order to reduce the obstruction of the electromagnetic clutch core shaft 36 to the airflow, the end of the electromagnetic clutch core shaft 36 away from the compressor impeller shaft 17 may be provided with a guide arc surface 362, thereby reducing the wind resistance coefficient of the electromagnetic clutch core shaft 36 with the help of the guide arc surface 362.

[0043] It should be noted that the motor rotor winding 33, the motor stator winding 34, the electromagnetic clutch coil 35 and the electromagnetic clutch core shaft 36 in this embodiment are all molded products in the prior art. Those skilled in the art can easily know the composition structure and working principle of the above components in combination with the prior art and common knowledge, and can correctly install and connect the above components so that the above components can perform the actions required in this embodiment.

[0044] Optionally, in order to facilitate the line connection of the drive assembly, the plurality of support rods should also include at least one wiring support rod 23, such as Figure 3 As shown, a wiring hole 231 for accommodating cables is provided inside the wiring support rod 23. When assembling the drive assembly and the support assembly, the staff can extend the cables (such as power transmission cables and signal cables, etc.) on the drive assembly along the wiring hole 231 to the compressor inlet passage 15, so as to facilitate the connection of the cables with other components (such as power supply and controller, etc.).

[0045] Figure 5 The schematic diagram of the structure of the air guide assembly and the outer shell 31 in this embodiment is shown in the figure. As shown in the figure, the air guide assembly includes a first air guide cover 4 and a second air guide cover 5. The first air guide cover 4 is a detachable cover connected by bolts and is arranged at the end of the outer shell 31 with an air inlet hole 311, and a plurality of air inlet cutouts 41 are arranged on the first air guide cover 4. The second air guide cover 5 is a detachable cover connected by bolts and is arranged at the end of the outer shell 31 with an air outlet hole 312. A connecting hole 51 for accommodating the compressor impeller shaft 17 is arranged on the second air guide cover 5, and a plurality of air outlet cutouts 52 are arranged on the second air guide cover 5. When the air in the external environment is sucked into the compressor inlet passage 15, the cooperation of the first air duct 4, the outer shell 31 and the second air duct 5 can reduce the obstruction of the drive component to the gas flow. At the same time, due to the existence of the air inlet cutout 41 and the air outlet cutout 52, part of the air flow flowing in the compressor inlet passage 15 can also enter the first air duct 4 along the air inlet cutout 41 and flow out of the second air duct 5 along the air outlet cutout 52, so as to facilitate the air flow to pass through the drive component, thereby dissipating the heat of the drive component.

[0046] Optionally, in order to enhance the air resistance reduction effect of the first air guide 4 and the second air guide 5, the first air guide 4 and the second air guide 5 can be configured as conical air guides with the large end facing the outer shell 31, and the taper of the first air guide 4 should be smaller than the taper of the second air guide 5. Since the airflow in the compressor inlet passage 15 will first contact the first air guide 4 and separate from the air guide assembly near the second air guide 5, the first air guide 4 with a smaller taper can enhance the wind-breaking effect of the air guide assembly, and the second air guide 5 with a larger taper can reduce the difficulty of separating the airflow, so that the overall shape formed by the air guide assembly and the outer shell 31 has a better gas dynamic effect.

[0047] Optionally, in this embodiment, a conical air collecting plate 42 with a small end facing the outer shell 31 may be further provided inside the first air guide 4, the conical air collecting plate 42 is located between the air inlet hole 311 and the air inlet cutout 41, and a guide hole 421 connected to the air inlet hole 311 is provided on the conical air collecting plate 42. When the airflow enters the first air guide 4 along the air inlet cutout 41, the conical air collecting plate 42 can gather the airflow and make the gathered airflow flow into the air inlet hole 311 along the guide hole 421, thereby reducing the difficulty of the airflow entering the air inlet hole 311.

[0048] In order to improve the heat dissipation effect of the airflow on the drive component, the area of ​​the guide hole 421 in the present device should be smaller than the total area of ​​the multiple air inlet cutouts 41. Since the area of ​​the guide hole 421 is small, the airflow will be accelerated when passing through the guide hole 421. When the airflow speed inside the drive component becomes faster, the speed at which the airflow takes away the heat of the drive component will increase, so the temperature of the drive component can be reduced more quickly.

[0049] In addition, in order to further improve the heat dissipation capacity of the airflow, a plurality of spiral guide grooves 422 may be provided on the conical air collecting plate 42. When the airflow passes through the conical air collecting plate 42, the spiral guide grooves 422 can guide the flow pattern of the airflow so that the airflow forms a swirl when entering the drive assembly. Compared with the common advection state of the airflow, the swirl state of the airflow can produce a better heat exchange effect with the drive assembly, thereby quickly taking away the heat in the drive assembly, so that the drive assembly can obtain a higher temperature reduction range under the condition of unchanged gas flow.

[0050] In addition, the width of the inlet slit 41 of the device near the outer shell 31 should be greater than the width of the inlet slit 41 far from the outer shell 31, and the width of the spiral guide groove 422 near the air inlet hole 311 should be greater than the width of the end far from the air inlet hole 311. Figure 4As shown, since the width of the inlet cutout 41 near the end of the outer shell 31 is larger, when the airflow inside the compressor inlet passage 15 enters the first guide cover 4, the airflow near the large end of the conical air collecting plate 42 is larger, which can help the airflow to fully contact the spiral guide groove 422 on the conical air collecting plate 42, so that the spiral guide groove 422 can guide the flow direction of the airflow. At the same time, since the width of the spiral guide groove 422 near the air inlet hole 311 is greater than the width of the end away from the air inlet hole 311, when the airflow flows completely along the spiral guide groove 422, the spiral guide groove 422 can also gradually diffuse the airflow in the swirl state, so that the airflow can have a larger circulation range after entering the drive assembly, further enhancing the heat dissipation effect of the airflow.

[0051] As another optional implementation of this embodiment, in order to facilitate the determination of the rotation speed of the compressor impeller shaft 17 and flexibly control the switching timing of the drive assembly, the fast response supercharging device for a high-power internal combustion engine may also include a rotation speed sensor 6. To realize the assembly of the rotation speed sensor 6, a mounting hole should be provided on the compressor inlet passage 15 of the turbocharger, and the staff can insert the rotation speed sensor 6 into the compressor inlet passage 15 of the turbocharger along the mounting hole, and make the detection end of the rotation speed sensor 6 face the compressor impeller shaft 17, so as to determine the real-time rotation speed of the compressor impeller shaft 17 with the help of the rotation speed sensor 6, and start the drive assembly when the real-time rotation speed of the compressor impeller shaft 17 is lower than the preset threshold, so that the internal combustion engine can obtain sufficient compressed air supply.

[0052] The effects of the above scheme are described below:

[0053] This embodiment provides a fast response supercharging device for a high-power internal combustion engine, which can drive the compressor impeller shaft of the turbocharger to rotate through a driving unit, so that the turbocharger can function normally when the internal combustion engine is in the initial stage of startup or under special working conditions, ensuring that the internal combustion engine obtains sufficient air filling density. Secondly, this device can reduce the wind resistance of the drive unit through a guide component, and can allow the airflow to enter the interior of the drive component, thereby dissipating the heat of the drive component. In addition, this device can also guide the flow direction of the airflow entering the interior of the drive component, thereby enhancing the heat dissipation effect of the airflow on the drive component.

[0054] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fast response supercharging device for a high-power internal combustion engine, characterized in that: It comprises a turbocharger and a drive unit, wherein the drive unit is arranged inside a compressor air inlet passage (15) of the turbocharger, and the drive unit comprises: a support component, a drive component and a flow guide component; The support assembly comprises a receiving tube (21) and a plurality of support rods, an outer guide channel is formed between an outer side wall of the receiving tube (21) and an inner side wall of a compressor inlet passage (15), the plurality of support rods are radially arranged around the receiving tube (21), and the outer side wall of the receiving tube (21) is connected to the inner side wall of the compressor inlet passage (15) via the support rods; The driving assembly comprises: an outer shell (31), an inner lining tube (32), a motor rotor winding (33), a motor stator winding (34), an electromagnetic clutch coil (35) and an electromagnetic clutch core shaft (36); the outer shell (31) is detachably arranged inside the accommodating cylinder (21), and an air inlet hole (311) and an air outlet hole (312) are respectively arranged at two ends of the outer shell (31); the inner lining tube (32) is arranged inside the outer shell (31), and the two ends of the inner lining tube (32) are respectively connected to the air inlet hole (311) and the air outlet hole (312), and the inner lining tube (32) is connected to the inner lining tube (32) at two ends of the inner lining tube (32). A receiving cavity is formed between the inner lining tube (32) and the outer shell (31); the motor rotor winding (33), the motor stator winding (34) and the electromagnetic clutch coil (35) are all arranged inside the receiving cavity, and the end of the electromagnetic clutch coil (35) is fixedly connected to the end of the motor rotor winding (33); the electromagnetic clutch core shaft (36) is located inside the inner lining tube (32), a plurality of permanent magnets (361) are arranged on the electromagnetic clutch core shaft (36), and one end of the electromagnetic clutch core shaft (36) is connected to the compressor impeller shaft (17) of the turbocharger; The air guide assembly comprises a first air guide cover (4) and a second air guide cover (5), wherein the first air guide cover (4) is a detachable cover arranged at an end of an outer shell (31) provided with an air inlet hole (311), and a plurality of air inlet cutouts (41) are arranged on the first air guide cover (4), and the second air guide cover (5) is a detachable cover arranged at an end of an outer shell (31) provided with an air outlet hole (312), a connecting hole (51) for accommodating a compressor impeller shaft (17) is arranged on the second air guide cover (5), and a plurality of air outlet cutouts (52) are arranged on the second air guide cover (5).

2. A fast response supercharging device for a high-power internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first air guide cover (4) and the second air guide cover (5) are both conical air guide covers with the larger end facing the outer shell (31), and the taper of the first air guide cover (4) is smaller than the taper of the second air guide cover (5).

3. A fast response supercharging device for a high-power internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that: A conical air collecting plate (42) with a small end facing the outer shell (31) is provided inside the first air guide cover (4), the conical air collecting plate (42) is located between the air inlet hole (311) and the air inlet cutout (41), and a guide hole (421) connected to the air inlet hole (311) is provided on the conical air collecting plate (42).

4. A fast response supercharging device for a high-power internal combustion engine according to claim 3, characterized in that: The area of ​​the guide hole (421) is smaller than the total area of ​​the plurality of air inlet cutouts (41).

5. A fast response supercharging device for a high-power internal combustion engine according to claim 3, characterized in that: The conical gas collecting plate (42) is provided with a plurality of spiral guide grooves (422).

6. A fast response supercharging device for a high-power internal combustion engine according to claim 5, characterized in that: The width of the spiral guide groove (422) at one end close to the air inlet (311) is greater than the width at one end away from the air inlet (311); the width of the air inlet cutout (41) at one end close to the outer shell (31) is greater than the width of the cutout at one end away from the outer shell (31).

7. A fast response supercharging device for a high-power internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that: An end of the electromagnetic clutch core shaft (36) away from the compressor impeller shaft (17) is provided with a flow guide cambered surface (362).

8. The fast response supercharging device for a high-power internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plurality of support rods include at least one positioning support rod (22), a threaded hole is provided inside the positioning support rod (22), a positioning bolt (221) is provided in the threaded hole, and a bolt hole (313) for accommodating the bottom end of the positioning bolt (221) is provided on the side wall of the outer shell (31).

9. A fast response supercharging device for a high-power internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plurality of support rods include at least one wiring support rod (23), and a wiring hole (231) for accommodating cables is provided inside the wiring support rod (23).

10. A fast response supercharging device for a high-power internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-power internal combustion engine fast-response supercharging device further comprises a rotation speed sensor (6), a mounting hole being provided on the compressor inlet passage (15) of the turbocharger, the rotation speed sensor (6) being inserted into the compressor inlet passage (15) of the turbocharger along the mounting hole, and the detection end of the rotation speed sensor (6) being directed toward the compressor impeller shaft (17).

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