Method for improving nitrogen and phosphorus utilization efficiency of brick red soil and application of method

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for improving nitrogen and phosphorus utilization efficiency of brick red soil and application of the method. The method comprises the following steps: applying microalgae cell sap to the brick red soil; the microalgae comprise scenedesmus and / or chlorella. The brand-new method strategy for improving the nitrogen and phosphorus utilization efficiency of the brick red soil is developed, operation and implementation of the method strategy are quite easy, the method strategy is suitable for planting the brick red soil of various crops, and the effect of improving the nitrogen and phosphorus utilization efficiency of the brick red soil and the crop yield is quite remarkable.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and relates to a method for improving the utilization efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus in brick red soil and an application thereof, and specifically relates to a method for improving the utilization efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus in brick red soil and an application thereof in improving the yield of crops planted in brick red soil. Background Art

[0002] Nitrogen and phosphorus are important soil nutrients and are of great significance for maintaining crop yields. Brick red soil is a deep red soil developed by intensive iron-aluminization and biological enrichment. It is named after the color of the soil, which is similar to burned red bricks. The distribution area of ​​brick red soil has excellent water and heat conditions and has always been an important crop production area in southern my country. However, the nitrogen and phosphorus utilization efficiency of brick red soil is generally low, with nitrogen utilization rate at around 30% and phosphorus utilization efficiency at around 20%. The low nitrogen and phosphorus utilization rates limit the development and utilization of brick red soil.

[0003] The low nitrogen and phosphorus utilization efficiency of brick red soil is closely related to the characteristics of brick red soil, such as low pH value and weak water and fertilizer retention capacity. Improving the physical and chemical properties of brick red soil through technical means, thereby improving the nitrogen and phosphorus utilization efficiency of brick red soil, is an important way to improve the productivity of brick red soil arable land. Improving the nitrogen and phosphorus utilization efficiency of brick red soil can be achieved by improving soil pH value, increasing soil microbial biomass, and increasing soil organic matter content. Microorganisms are important reservoirs of soil nitrogen and phosphorus. Excess nitrogen and phosphorus applied to the soil can be absorbed and stored in the microorganisms, and then re-enter the soil environment with the death of the microorganisms and be absorbed and utilized by crops; applying organic fertilizers can improve the soil's ability to retain water and fertilizer, promote nitrogen and phosphorus fixation, extend the nitrogen and phosphorus turnover time, and improve nitrogen and phosphorus utilization efficiency. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a method for improving the utilization efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus in brick red soil and its application, and specifically to provide a method for improving the utilization efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus in brick red soil and its application in increasing the yield of crops planted in brick red soil.

[0005] In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for improving nitrogen and phosphorus utilization efficiency of red soil, the method comprising: applying microalgae cell fluid to the red soil; the microalgae comprises Scenedesmus and / or Chlorella.

[0007] The present invention creatively finds that applying cell sap of Scenedesmus and / or Chlorella to brick red soil can significantly improve the utilization efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus in brick red soil. Scenedesmus and / or Chlorella convert atmospheric CO2 into organic carbon through photosynthesis and input it into the soil, which can improve the soil's water and fertilizer retention capacity, promote nitrogen and phosphorus fixation, extend nitrogen and phosphorus turnover time, and improve nitrogen and phosphorus utilization efficiency; at the same time, it can also secrete a large amount of active nutrients and hormones, significantly promote the increase of microbial biomass in brick red soil, and microorganisms, as storage reservoirs of soil nitrogen and phosphorus, can absorb and store excess nitrogen and phosphorus in their bodies, and then re-enter the soil environment as they die and are absorbed and utilized by crops; in addition, the application of microalgae cell sap to acidic brick red soil can also play a role in neutralizing soil acidity and improve nitrogen and phosphorus utilization.

[0008] The present invention develops a new method strategy for improving the utilization efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus in red soil. The method strategy is very simple to implement and is suitable for planting red soil for various crops. It is also very effective in improving the utilization efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus in red soil and the yield of crops.

[0009] Preferably, the microalgae cell fluid comprises active microalgae cell fluid and / or inactivated microalgae cell fluid, preferably active microalgae cell fluid.

[0010] The present invention also finds that both active microalgae cell fluid and inactivated microalgae cell fluid can achieve the effect of improving the nitrogen and phosphorus utilization efficiency of brick red soil. Compared with inactivated microalgae cell fluid, active microalgae cell fluid is more significant in the above effect.

[0011] The Scenedesmus or Chlorella used in the method of the present invention is not limited to a specific algae strain, and any Scenedesmus or Chlorella can achieve the above-mentioned effects to varying degrees, and the following specific Scenedesmus and Chlorella are more preferred.

[0012] Preferably, the Scenedesmus is a Scenedesmus with a deposit number of GDMCC No. 63703, which is named Scenedesmus sp. CJ and is deposited in Guangdong Microbial Culture Collection Center.

[0013] Preferably, the Chlorella is the Chlorella with a preservation number of GDMCC No. 63704, which is named Chlorella sp. ZJ and is preserved in Guangdong Provincial Microbial Culture Collection Center.

[0014] Preferably, the microalgae cell concentration in the microalgae cell solution is (1×10 6 )-(1×10 8 ) / mL, for example (1×10 6 ) / mL, (5×10 6 ) / mL, (8×10 6 ) / mL, (1×10 7 ) / mL, (5×10 7) / mL, (8×10 7 ) / mL, (1×10 8 ) pieces / mL, etc. Other specific point values ​​within this numerical range can be selected and will not be described here one by one.

[0015] Preferably, the application amount of the microalgae cell solution is 100-200 kg / mu, for example, 100 kg / mu, 120 kg / mu, 140 kg / mu, 160 kg / mu, 180 kg / mu, 200 kg / mu, etc.

[0016] Preferably, the microalgae cell fluid is prepared by a method comprising:

[0017] The microalgae are inoculated into a culture medium and cultured under light;

[0018] Preferably, the culture temperature is 25-35°C, for example, 25°C, 26°C, 27°C, 28°C, 29°C, 30°C, 31°C, 32°C, 33°C, 34°C, 35°C, etc.

[0019] Preferably, the intensity of the illumination is 2000-12000 Lux, for example, 2000 Lux, 4000 Lux, 5000 Lux, 6000 Lux, 7000 Lux, 8000 Lux, 10000 Lux, 12000 Lux, etc.

[0020] Preferably, the culture medium is BG-11 medium.

[0021] The formula of the BG-11 culture medium includes: NaNO3 0.5-1.5g / L, K2HPO4 0.02-0.06g / L, MgSO4·7H2O 0.05-0.1g / L, CaCl2·2H2O 0.01-0.05g / L, citric acid 0.002-0.01g / L, ammonium ferric citrate 0.002-0.01g / L, EDTA 0.0005-0.001g / L, Na2CO3 0.01-0.03g / L, H3BO4 0.001-0.005g / L, MnCl2·H2O 0.001-0.003g / L, ZnSO4·7H2O 0.0001-0.0005g / L, CuSO4·5H2O 0.00005-0.0001g / L, Na2MoO4·2H2O 0.0001-0.0005g / L, Co(NO3)2·6H2O 0.00002-0.00008g / L; the solvent is deionized water.

[0022] In a second aspect, the present invention provides application of the method for improving nitrogen and phosphorus utilization efficiency of red soil according to the first aspect in improving the yield of crops planted in red soil.

[0023] Preferably, the application method comprises: spraying the microalgae cell solution onto the soil surface in batches during the growth period of crops.

[0024] Preferably, the application method comprises: spraying the microalgae cell solution on the soil surface 2-4 times (eg, 2 times, 3 times or 4 times) during the growth period of the crops.

[0025] Preferably, the crops include rice or pepper.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0027] The present invention creatively finds that applying cell sap of Scenedesmus and / or Chlorella to brick red soil can significantly improve the utilization efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus in brick red soil. Scenedesmus and / or Chlorella convert atmospheric CO2 into organic carbon through photosynthesis and input it into the soil, which can improve the soil's water and fertilizer retention capacity, promote nitrogen and phosphorus fixation, extend nitrogen and phosphorus turnover time, and improve nitrogen and phosphorus utilization efficiency; at the same time, it can also secrete a large amount of active nutrients and hormones, significantly promote the increase of microbial biomass in brick red soil, and microorganisms, as storage reservoirs of soil nitrogen and phosphorus, can absorb and store excess nitrogen and phosphorus in their bodies, and then re-enter the soil environment as they die and are absorbed and utilized by crops; in addition, the application of microalgae cell sap to acidic brick red soil can also play a role in neutralizing soil acidity and improve nitrogen and phosphorus utilization.

[0028] The present invention develops a new method strategy for improving the utilization efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus in red soil. The method strategy is very simple to implement and is suitable for planting red soil for various crops. It is also very effective in improving the utilization efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus in red soil and the yield of crops. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] In order to further explain the technical means and effects adopted by the present invention, the technical solution of the present invention is further described below in conjunction with the preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments.

[0030] The Scenedesmus involved in the following content is the Scenedesmus with a preservation number of GDMCC No.63703, named Scenedesmus sp.CJ, and preserved in Guangdong Provincial Microbiological Culture Collection Center. The preservation date is August 1, 2023, and the preservation address is 5th Floor, Building 59, No. 100 Xianlie Middle Road, Guangzhou.

[0031] The Chlorella involved in the following content is the Chlorella with the preservation number GDMCC No.63704, named Chlorella sp.ZJ, preserved in Guangdong Provincial Microbiological Culture Collection Center, the preservation time is August 1, 2023, and the preservation address is 5th Floor, Building 59, No. 100 Xianlie Middle Road, Guangzhou.

[0032] Preparation Example 1

[0033] This preparation example provides a Scenedesmus cell solution, and the preparation method thereof is as follows:

[0034] Scenedesmus was collected from the microalgae cultivation greenhouse of Zhanjiang Biomass Power Plant of Guangdong Energy Group, inoculated into BG-11 liquid culture medium at 5%, and cultured at 30°C and 4000 Lux with flue gas from the power plant as carbon source. The absorbance of the culture medium was measured by a spectrophotometer, and the absorbance of the culture medium was used to reflect the biomass of the microalgae. When the concentration of microalgae cells reached 2×10 7 When the concentration of microalgae was 0.1447 / mL, the microalgae liquid was harvested.

[0035] The composition of BG-11 liquid culture medium is as follows: NaNO3 1.00 g / L, K2HPO4 0.04 g / L, MgSO4·7H2O0.075 g / L, CaCl2·2H2O 0.036 g / L, citric acid 0.006 g / L, ammonium ferric citrate 0.006 g / L, EDTA 0.001 g / L, Na2CO3 0.02 g / L, H3BO4 0.00286 g / L, MnCl2·H2O0.00181 g / L, ZnSO4·7H2O 0.000222 g / L, CuSO4·5H2O 0.000079 g / L, Na2MoO4·2H2O 0.00039 g / L, Co(NO3)2·6H2O 0.000049g / L; the solvent is deionized water.

[0036] Preparation Example 2

[0037] This preparation example provides a Chlorella cell solution, and the preparation method thereof is as follows:

[0038] Chlorella was collected from the microalgae cultivation greenhouse of Zhanjiang Biomass Power Plant of Guangdong Energy Group, inoculated into BG-11 liquid culture medium at 5%, and cultured at 35°C and 8000 Lux of light intensity with flue gas from the power plant as carbon source. The absorbance of the culture medium was measured by a spectrophotometer, and the absorbance of the culture medium was used to reflect the biomass of the microalgae. When the concentration of microalgae cells reached 2×10 7 When the concentration of microalgae was 0.1447 / mL, the microalgae liquid was harvested.

[0039] The composition of BG-11 liquid culture medium is as follows: NaNO3 1.00 g / L, K2HPO4 0.04 g / L, MgSO4·7H2O0.075 g / L, CaCl2·2H2O 0.036 g / L, citric acid 0.006 g / L, ammonium ferric citrate 0.006 g / L, EDTA 0.001 g / L, Na2CO3 0.02 g / L, H3BO4 0.00286 g / L, MnCl2·H2O0.00181 g / L, ZnSO4·7H2O 0.000222 g / L, CuSO4·5H2O 0.000079 g / L, Na2MoO4·2H2O 0.00039 g / L, Co(NO3)2·6H2O 0.000049g / L; the solvent is deionized water.

[0040] Application Example 1

[0041] This application case explores the effects of microalgae cell fluid on nitrogen and phosphorus utilization efficiency and rice yield in red soil:

[0042] (1) Soil sample collection: Soil samples (typical brick red soil) were collected from the field plots of the experimental base of the Zhanjiang Research Center of the South China Seed Research Institute of the Guangdong Academy of Sciences. After removing stones and plant roots, the soil samples were air-dried and passed through a 4 mm sieve for later use.

[0043] (2) Experimental groups: A total of 5 treatments were set up, 1) blank control group (only clean water was applied); 2) group treated with the live cell solution of Scenedesmus (1.8 g / kg soil); 3) group treated with the live cell solution of Chlorella (1.8 g / kg soil); 4) group treated with the live cell solution of Scenedesmus and Chlorella mixed in equal volumes (1.8 g / kg soil); 5) group treated with the inactivated cell solution of Scenedesmus and Chlorella mixed in equal volumes (1.8 g / kg soil).

[0044] (3) Experimental method: Prepare culture pots, take 4 kg of the soil sample prepared in step (1) in each pot, and then plant rice with reference to the potted experimental method for rice planting, and add the same amount of chemical fertilizer as base fertilizer in each pot. According to the treatment setting of (2) above, clean water, active microalgae cell solution, and inactivated algae solution are sprayed on the soil surface three times in proportion. The live cell solution of Scenedesmus and the live cell solution of Chlorella are the products prepared in Preparation Example 1 and Preparation Example 2 respectively. The inactivation method of microalgae is ultrasonic crushing, and the microalgae solution is placed in an ultrasonic crusher for ultrasonic treatment (algae solution volume: 100 mL; treatment time: 20 min; power setting: 70%). Each treatment is repeated 3 times. After the rice matures, the rice plants and soil samples are collected respectively, and the soil nitrogen utilization efficiency, soil phosphorus utilization efficiency and rice yield are analyzed and determined.

[0045] Soil nitrogen utilization efficiency: According to the following formula E N =(N p +Ns ) / (F N +N so )×100, where E N is nitrogen utilization efficiency, N p is the nitrogen content of rice after harvest, N s is the soil nitrogen content after harvest, F N is the nitrogen content in the basal fertilizer, N so is the soil nitrogen content before planting;

[0046] Soil phosphorus utilization efficiency: according to the following formula E P =(P p +P s ) / (F P +P so )×100, where E P is phosphorus utilization efficiency, P p is the phosphorus content of rice after harvest, P s is the soil phosphorus content after harvest, F P is the phosphorus content in the basal fertilizer, P so is the soil phosphorus content before planting;

[0047] Among them, the nitrogen content of soil and fertilizer: determined by semi-micro Kelvin method GB 7173-1987;

[0048] Among them, the phosphorus content of soil and fertilizer: measured by spectrophotometry GB 7852-1987;

[0049] Among them, the nitrogen content of rice: determined by sulfuric acid-hydrogen peroxide digestion method NY / T 2017-1011;

[0050] Among them, the phosphorus content of rice: determined by spectrophotometry NY / T 2017-1011;

[0051] The results are shown in Table 1:

[0052] Table 1

[0053]

[0054] As can be seen from the data results in Table 1, compared with the blank treatment group, the method involved in the present invention can significantly improve the utilization rate of nitrogen and phosphorus in the soil and promote rice yield. Compared with the inactivated microalgae liquid treatment method, the active microalgae liquid has more advantages in the above effects. In addition, the effect of using Scenedesmus and Chlorella together is better than using Scenedesmus alone or Chlorella alone.

[0055] Application Example 2

[0056] This application case explores the effects of microalgae cell fluid on nitrogen and phosphorus utilization efficiency and pepper yield in red soil:

[0057] (1) Soil sample collection: Soil samples (typical brick red soil) were collected from the field plots of the experimental base of the Zhanjiang Research Center of the South China Seed Research Institute of the Guangdong Academy of Sciences. After removing stones and plant roots, the soil samples were air-dried and passed through a 4 mm sieve for later use.

[0058] (2) Experimental groups: A total of 5 treatments were set up, 1) blank control group (only clean water was applied); 2) group treated with the live cell solution of Scenedesmus (1.8 g / kg soil); 3) group treated with the live cell solution of Chlorella (1.8 g / kg soil); 4) group treated with the live cell solution of Scenedesmus and Chlorella mixed in equal volumes (1.8 g / kg soil); 5) group treated with the inactivated cell solution of Scenedesmus and Chlorella mixed in equal volumes (1.8 g / kg soil).

[0059] (3) Experimental method: Prepare culture pots, take 4 kg of the soil sample prepared in step (1) from each pot, and then plant peppers according to the potted experimental method for pepper planting. Add the same amount of chemical fertilizer to each pot as base fertilizer. According to the treatment setting of (2) above, spray clean water, active microalgae cell solution, and inactivated algae solution on the soil surface three times in proportion. The live cell solution of Scenedesmus and the live cell solution of Chlorella are the products prepared in Preparation Example 1 and Preparation Example 2 respectively. The inactivation method of microalgae is ultrasonic crushing, and the microalgae solution is placed in an ultrasonic crusher for ultrasonic treatment (algae solution volume: 100 mL; treatment time: 20 min; power setting: 70%). Each treatment is repeated 3 times. After the peppers mature, collect pepper plants and soil samples respectively, and analyze and determine the soil nitrogen utilization efficiency, soil phosphorus utilization efficiency and rice yield.

[0060] Soil nitrogen utilization efficiency: According to the following formula E N =(N p +N s ) / (F N +N so )×100, where E N is nitrogen utilization efficiency, N p is the nitrogen content of pepper after harvest, N s is the soil nitrogen content after harvest, F N is the nitrogen content in the basal fertilizer, N so is the soil nitrogen content before planting;

[0061] Soil phosphorus utilization efficiency: according to the following formula E P =(P p +P s ) / (F P +P so )×100, where E P is phosphorus utilization efficiency, P p is the phosphorus content of pepper after harvest, P s is the soil phosphorus content after harvest, FP is the phosphorus content in the basal fertilizer, P so is the soil phosphorus content before planting;

[0062] Among them, the nitrogen content of soil and fertilizer: determined by semi-micro Kelvin method GB 7173-1987;

[0063] Among them, the phosphorus content of soil and fertilizer: measured by spectrophotometry GB 7852-1987;

[0064] Among them, the nitrogen content of pepper is determined by sulfuric acid-hydrogen peroxide digestion method NY / T 2017-1011;

[0065] Among them, the phosphorus content of pepper: determined by spectrophotometry NY / T 2017-1011;

[0066] The results are shown in Table 2:

[0067] Table 2

[0068]

[0069] As shown in Table 2, compared with the blank treatment group, the method of the present invention can significantly improve the utilization rate of nitrogen and phosphorus in the soil and promote pepper yield. Compared with the inactivated microalgae solution treatment method, the active microalgae solution has more advantages in the above effects. In addition, the effect of using Scenedesmus and Chlorella together is better than using Scenedesmus alone or Chlorella alone.

[0070] The applicant declares that the present invention illustrates the technical solution of the present invention through the above-mentioned embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, that is, it does not mean that the present invention must rely on the above-mentioned embodiments to be implemented. Those skilled in the art should understand that any improvement of the present invention, equivalent replacement of various raw materials of the product of the present invention, addition of auxiliary components, selection of specific methods, etc., all fall within the protection scope and disclosure scope of the present invention.

[0071] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above. However, the present invention is not limited to the specific details in the above embodiments. Within the technical concept of the present invention, a variety of simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the present invention, and these simple modifications all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

[0072] It should also be noted that the various specific technical features described in the above specific embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction. In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, the present invention will not further describe various possible combinations.

Claims

1. A method for improving nitrogen and phosphorus utilization efficiency in red soil, characterized in that: The method comprises: applying microalgae cell fluid to the laterite; the microalgae comprises Scenedesmus and / or Chlorella.

2. The method for improving nitrogen and phosphorus utilization efficiency of red soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: The microalgae cell fluid includes active microalgae cell fluid and / or inactivated microalgae cell fluid, preferably active microalgae cell fluid.

3. The method for improving nitrogen and phosphorus utilization efficiency of red soil according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The Scenedesmus sp. is a Scenedesmus with a preservation number of GDMCC No. 63703, named Scenedesmus sp. CJ, and is preserved in Guangdong Microbial Culture Collection Center.

4. The method for improving nitrogen and phosphorus utilization efficiency of red soil according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The chlorella is a chlorella with a preservation number of GDMCC No. 63704, which is named Chlorella sp. ZJ and is preserved in Guangdong Provincial Microbial Culture Collection Center.

5. The method for improving nitrogen and phosphorus utilization efficiency of red soil according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The microalgae cell concentration in the microalgae cell solution is (1×10 6 )-(1×10 8 )pcs / mL.

6. The method for improving nitrogen and phosphorus utilization efficiency of red soil according to claim 5, characterized in that: The application amount of the microalgae cell solution is 100-200 kg / mu.

7. The method for improving nitrogen and phosphorus utilization efficiency of red soil according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The microalgae cell solution is prepared by the following method: The microalgae are inoculated into a culture medium and cultured under light; Preferably, the culture temperature is 25-35°C, and the light intensity is 2000-12000 Lux; Preferably, the culture medium is BG-11 medium.

8. Use of the method for improving nitrogen and phosphorus utilization efficiency in red soil according to any one of claims 1 to 7 in improving the yield of crops grown in red soil.

9. The use according to claim 8, characterized in that: The application method comprises: during the growth period of crops, spraying the microalgae cell liquid on the soil surface in batches.

10. The use according to claim 8, characterized in that: The crops include rice or pepper.

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