Hydrogen storage alloy reactor, hydrogen storage method and hydrogen desorption method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of hydrogen storage, and discloses a hydrogen storage alloy reactor, a hydrogen storage method and a hydrogen desorption method. The hydrogen storage alloy reactor comprises an inner tank body which is vertically arranged and an outer tank body which is arranged outside the inner tank body in a sleeving manner, a plurality of inner tank body partition plates are horizontally arranged in the inner tank body in the vertical direction of the inner tank body; a plurality of outer tank body partition plates are horizontally arranged in the outer tank body in the vertical direction of the outer tank body; an opening is formed in the partition plate of the inner tank body, and the opening is used for circulation of hydrogen; the outer tank body partition plate is in the shape of an unfilled-corner circular ring and used for circulation of heat conduction fluid, and the heat conduction fluid circulates through the unfilled corner of the unfilled-corner circular ring. According to the hydrogen storage alloy reactor, the heat transfer efficiency can be improved, and the hydrogen absorption and desorption rate can be better controlled.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of hydrogen storage, and in particular to a hydrogen storage alloy reactor, and a hydrogen storage and dehydrogenation method. Background Art

[0002] With the growing global demand for energy, as well as serious CO2 emissions and worsening environmental pollution, people are paying more and more attention to the development of clean and renewable energy. As a secondary energy source, hydrogen energy has the characteristics of wide sources, clean and carbon-free, flexible and efficient, and a wide range of application scenarios. It can be widely used in energy, transportation, industry, construction and other fields. It is an ideal interconnected medium to promote the clean and efficient use of traditional fossil energy and support the large-scale development of renewable energy. It will gradually become an important direction for the development of global energy technology.

[0003] Hydrogen can be stored and transported. Improving the efficiency of hydrogen storage and transportation and reducing the cost of hydrogen storage and transportation are the development focuses of hydrogen storage and transportation technology. At present, hydrogen storage mainly includes three types of methods: gaseous hydrogen storage, liquid hydrogen storage, and solid hydrogen storage. High-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage is the main method of hydrogen storage at this stage, with the advantages of fast hydrogen filling and discharging speed and simple container structure. However, high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage has the disadvantages of low volume density and low safety. At the same time, existing high-pressure equipment and high-pressure storage tank technology mostly rely on imports. Liquid hydrogen storage refers to the low-temperature liquefaction of hydrogen and storage in a low-temperature insulated liquid storage tank, which has the advantage of high hydrogen storage density. However, the high cost of liquid hydrogen equipment, high energy consumption in the liquefaction process, and evaporation loss during use are problems that need to be solved urgently. Solid hydrogen storage refers to the storage of hydrogen through chemical adsorption or physical adsorption using metal hydrides, nanomaterials, etc. as carriers. Solid hydrogen storage has the advantages of high hydrogen storage density, low hydrogen storage pressure, high hydrogen release purity, and good safety. It is an important direction for the development of hydrogen storage in the future.

[0004] Hydrogen storage alloy materials refer to a type of material that stores hydrogen in the form of metal hydrides. Hydrogen storage alloys have the advantages of good reversibility of hydrogen absorption and desorption, high hydrogen storage density per unit volume, high hydrogen release purity and high safety. Metal hydrides are formed by a reversible reaction between metal alloys and hydrogen at specific temperatures and pressures. The absorption of hydrogen is an exothermic reaction, while desorption is an endothermic process. The former only occurs when the supply pressure is greater than the equilibrium pressure, and the latter only occurs when the pressure is lower than the equilibrium pressure. During the hydrogen absorption process, the released heat needs to be removed from the reaction system in a timely manner to keep the temperature at a favorable position. This helps to increase the hydrogen absorption rate and at the same time increase the hydrogen storage capacity. When hydrogen needs to be released, the endothermic reaction of the desorption process means that heat needs to be provided from the outside to maintain a suitable hydrogen release rate. However, the existing hydrogen storage alloy reactors have poor heat transfer performance, resulting in poor control of the hydrogen absorption and desorption rate of the hydrogen storage system and low reversible hydrogen storage density. Therefore, improving the heat transfer efficiency of the system is crucial to improving the performance of metal hydride hydrogen storage systems. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the problems of poor heat transfer performance and poor control of hydrogen absorption and desorption rates of hydrogen storage reactors in the prior art, and to provide a hydrogen storage alloy reactor and a method for storing and desorption hydrogen, which can improve the heat transfer efficiency and better control the hydrogen absorption and desorption rates.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the first aspect of the present invention provides a hydrogen storage alloy reactor, wherein the reactor comprises a vertically arranged inner tank body and an outer tank body mounted on the outside of the inner tank body; along the vertical direction of the inner tank body, a plurality of inner tank body partitions are horizontally arranged inside the inner tank body; along the vertical direction of the outer tank body, a plurality of outer tank body partitions are horizontally arranged inside the outer tank body; openings are provided on the inner tank body partitions, and the openings are used for the circulation of hydrogen; the outer tank body partitions are in the shape of a notched circular ring, and the outer tank body partitions are used for the circulation of a heat-conducting fluid, and the heat-conducting fluid circulates through the notched corners of the notched circular rings.

[0007] A second aspect of the present invention provides a method for storing and releasing hydrogen, wherein the hydrogen storage process and the hydrogen release process are carried out in the hydrogen storage alloy reactor described in the first aspect, and the method comprises:

[0008] Hydrogen storage process: hydrogen is introduced into the inner tank, and the hydrogen absorbs hydrogen with the solid hydrogen storage composite material between the inner tank partitions, and a heat transfer fluid is introduced into the outer tank to absorb the heat generated by the hydrogen absorption reaction;

[0009] Hydrogen desorption process: The solid hydrogen storage composite material adsorbed with hydrogen is subjected to a desorption reaction, and then a heat transfer fluid is introduced into the outer tank to provide the heat required for the desorption reaction of hydrogen.

[0010] In the prior art, hydrogen storage alloy reactors usually do not have gas flow channels and liquid flow channels at the same time, and the hydrogen absorption efficiency and heat exchange efficiency are both low. The hydrogen storage alloy reactor provided by the present invention has openings on the inner tank body partition to form gas flow channels, ensuring that hydrogen is fully in contact with the solid hydrogen storage composite material during the hydrogen storage process, ensuring that each part of the solid hydrogen storage material can absorb hydrogen to improve the hydrogen absorption efficiency. At the same time, a plurality of outer tank body partitions are arranged in the outer tank body, and the outer tank body partitions form liquid flow channels in the outer tank body, thereby increasing the heat exchange area and thus improving the heat exchange efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0011] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a hydrogen storage alloy reactor of the present invention;

[0012] Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the inner tank body partition of the present invention;

[0013] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the inner tank body partitions of the present invention;

[0014] Figure 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the outer tank body partition of the present invention;

[0015] Figure 5 is a curve diagram showing the change of hydrogen absorption amount over time during the hydrogen storage process of Example 1 of the present invention;

[0016] Figure 6 is a curve diagram showing the change of the temperature of the inner tank body with time during the hydrogen storage process in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 7 is a curve chart showing the change of hydrogen release ratio over time during the hydrogen release process of Example 1 of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 8 is a curve diagram showing the change of hydrogen absorption amount over time during the hydrogen storage process of Example 2 of the present invention;

[0019] Fig. 9 is a graph showing the change of the temperature of the inner tank over time during the hydrogen storage process of Example 2 of the present invention;

[0020] Fig.10 is a curve chart showing the change of hydrogen release ratio over time during the hydrogen release process of Example 2 of the present invention;

[0021] Fig.11 is a curve diagram showing the change of hydrogen absorption amount over time during the hydrogen storage process of Example 3 of the present invention;

[0022] Fig.12 is a curve diagram showing the change of the temperature of the inner tank body with time during the hydrogen storage process of Example 3 of the present invention;

[0023] Fig.13 is a curve chart showing the change of hydrogen release ratio over time during the hydrogen release process of Example 3 of the present invention;

[0024] Fig.14 is a graph showing the change of hydrogen absorption amount over time during the hydrogen storage process of Example 4 of the present invention;

[0025] Fig.15 is a curve diagram showing the change of the temperature of the inner tank body with time during the hydrogen storage process of Example 4 of the present invention;

[0026] Fig.16 is a curve chart showing the change of hydrogen release ratio over time during the hydrogen release process of Example 4 of the present invention;

[0027] Fig.17 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a hydrogen storage alloy reactor of Comparative Example 1 of the present invention;

[0028] Fig.18 is a curve diagram showing the change of hydrogen absorption amount over time during the hydrogen storage process of Comparative Example 1 of the present invention;

[0029] Fig.19is a curve diagram showing the change of the temperature of the inner tank body with time during the hydrogen storage process in Comparative Example 1 of the present invention;

[0030] Fig. 20 It is a curve chart showing the change of hydrogen release ratio over time during the hydrogen release process of Comparative Example 1 of the present invention.

[0031] Description of Reference Numerals

[0032] 1-Inner tank 2-Outer tank

[0033] 3-Inner tank partition 4-Outer tank partition

[0034] 5-opening 6-corner ring

[0035] 7-Trachea 8-Filter DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The endpoints and any values ​​of the ranges disclosed in this article are not limited to the precise ranges or values, and these ranges or values ​​should be understood to include values ​​close to these ranges or values. For numerical ranges, the endpoint values ​​of each range, the endpoint values ​​of each range and the individual point values, and the individual point values ​​can be combined with each other to obtain one or more new numerical ranges, which should be considered as specifically disclosed in this article.

[0037] In the description of the present invention, the directions or positional relationships indicated by terms such as "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", etc. are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the invention and do not require that the present invention must be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they cannot be understood as limitations on the present invention. The terms "connected" and "connected" used in the present invention should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate component. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0038] The first aspect of the present invention provides a hydrogen storage alloy reactor, such as Figure 1-4 As shown, the reactor comprises an inner tank body 1 arranged vertically and an outer tank body 2 sleeved outside the inner tank body 1;

[0039] Along the vertical direction of the inner tank body 1, a plurality of inner tank body partitions 3 are horizontally arranged inside the inner tank body 1;

[0040] Along the vertical direction of the outer tank body 2, a plurality of outer tank body partitions 4 are horizontally arranged inside the outer tank body 2;

[0041] The inner tank body partition 3 is provided with an opening 5, and the opening 5 is used for the circulation of hydrogen;

[0042] The outer tank body partition 4 is in the shape of a notched circular ring 6 , and the outer tank body partition 4 is used for the circulation of a heat transfer fluid, and the heat transfer fluid circulates through the notched corners of the notched circular ring 6 .

[0043] In the present invention, two tank bodies are selected to be nested with each other as a hydrogen storage alloy reactor, the inner tank body is used for hydrogen storage and release, and the outer tank body is used for heat transfer, which can not only realize the safe transportation of hydrogen, but also realize the rapid transmission of heat with the help of the outer tank body, thereby improving the heat transfer efficiency; further, the openings on the adjacent inner tank body partitions form the inner tank body gas flow channel, and the notches of the adjacent outer tank body partitions form the outer tank body liquid flow channel, so that the inner and outer tank bodies both present a special flow channel structure such as a serpentine flow channel, thereby realizing the safe and efficient transportation of hydrogen and the absorption and release of heat; further, hydrogen flows in the gas flow channel of the inner tank body, and the flow direction of the hydrogen is regulated by adjusting the relative positions of the openings on the inner tank body partition, and the heat transfer fluid flows through the notches of the notched circular rings of the outer tank body partitions, and the flow direction of the heat transfer fluid is adjusted by adjusting the relative positions of the notches of the outer tank body partitions, thereby improving the hydrogen storage efficiency and the heat diffusion efficiency. By using the hydrogen storage alloy reactor provided by the present invention, when the hydrogen absorption amount of the hydrogen storage alloy reactor reaches 90% of the maximum hydrogen absorption amount, the hydrogen absorption time can be reduced by 17-83% compared with the prior art; when the hydrogen release amount of the hydrogen storage alloy reactor reaches 90% of the maximum hydrogen release amount, the hydrogen release time can be reduced by 32-90% compared with the prior art.

[0044] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the heights of the inner tank body 1 and the outer tank body 2 are independently 50-2000 mm, preferably 150-800 mm.

[0045] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the inner diameter of the inner tank body 1 is 5-80 mm, preferably 10-40 mm.

[0046] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the inner diameter of the outer tank body 2 is 15-160 mm, preferably 30-90 mm.

[0047] The advantage of adopting the above preferred embodiment is to improve the heat transfer efficiency of the hydrogen storage material in the radial direction.

[0048] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the ratio of the inner diameter difference between the outer tank body 2 and the inner tank body 1 to the inner diameter of the inner tank body 1 is 0.2-3:1, and more preferably 0.35-2:1. The advantage of adopting this preferred embodiment is that the volume of the outer tank body is reduced while meeting the heat transfer requirements during the hydrogen absorption and desorption process.

[0049] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the number of the opening 5 is one, and the ratio of the opening area of ​​the opening 5 to the area of ​​the inner tank body partition 3 is 0.01-0.2:1, preferably 0.04-0.1:1. The advantage of adopting this preferred embodiment is that the gas can flow along the openings of adjacent partitions to form a flow direction, while taking into account the gas transmission efficiency.

[0050] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the diameter of the opening 5 is 2-20 mm, preferably 2-15 mm. The advantage of adopting this preferred embodiment is that the gas can flow along the openings of adjacent partitions to form a flow direction while taking into account the gas transmission efficiency.

[0051] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the ratio of the distance between the center of the inner tank body partition 3 and the center of the opening 5 to the inner diameter of the inner tank body 1 is 0.15-0.45:1, and more preferably 0.2-0.35:1. The advantage of adopting this preferred embodiment is that the contact time between the gas and the hydrogen storage material is increased during the gas flow through the openings of the adjacent partitions.

[0052] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, with the bottom inner tank body partition 3 as a reference, multiple inner tank body partitions 3 are rotated in the same direction by 90-180 degrees, preferably 120-180 degrees, along the axial direction of the inner tank body 1. The advantage of adopting this preferred embodiment is that a gas flow channel structure is formed, so that hydrogen is fully in contact with the hydrogen storage material, and the heat exchange efficiency is improved.

[0053] In the present invention, it is schematically explained that "rotating in the same direction" means that the inner tank body partition at the bottom layer is the first inner tank body partition, the first inner tank body partition remains stationary, and the second inner tank body partition rotates 90-180° counterclockwise along the axis of the inner tank body; after the second inner tank body partition rotates, the second inner tank body partition remains stationary, and the third inner tank body partition continues to rotate 90-180° counterclockwise along the axis of the inner tank body, and so on, so that the openings on each inner tank body partition form a gas flow channel structure, such as a serpentine flow channel. It should be noted that the above content is only schematically explained in terms of counterclockwise rotation, and it can also be clockwise rotation, as long as the rotation directions of multiple inner tank body partitions remain consistent.

[0054] In the present invention, a plurality of inner tank body partitions are arranged inside the inner tank body, and the spacing between the inner tank body partitions is controlled to achieve full contact between hydrogen and the hydrogen storage material. Preferably, the ratio of the maximum spacing between adjacent inner tank body partitions 3 to the height of the inner tank body 1 is 0.05-0.5:1, and more preferably 0.05-0.35:1. The advantage of adopting this preferred embodiment is that the gas forms a baffle in the inner tank body and is in full contact with the hydrogen storage material.

[0055] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the arc of the corner-less ring 6 is 240-355°, preferably 300-345°. The advantage of adopting this preferred embodiment is that the fluid can flow through the gap of the corner-less ring to control the flow of the fluid, while taking into account the fluid transmission flux.

[0056] In the present invention, it can be understood that the "radian" of the missing corner ring refers to the angle between the two vertices of the inner arc surface of the missing corner ring and the line connecting the center of the circle, and the calculation formula is 360° / 2π*l / r, where l is the length of the inner arc surface of the missing corner ring 6, and r is the inner radius of the missing corner ring 6.

[0057] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, with the outer tank body partition 4 at the bottom layer as a reference, multiple outer tank body partitions 4 are rotated in the same direction along the axial direction of the outer tank body 2 by 90-180 degrees, preferably 120-180 degrees. The advantage of adopting this preferred embodiment is that a liquid flow channel structure is formed in the outer tank body, which can improve the heat exchange effect. It should be noted that the "rotation in the same direction" here is the same as the "rotation in the same direction" of the inner tank body partition mentioned above, and will not be repeated here.

[0058] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the ratio of the maximum spacing between adjacent outer tank body partitions 4 to the height of the outer tank body 2 is 0.05-0.5:1, preferably 0.08-0.25:1. The advantage of adopting this preferred embodiment is that the liquid forms a baffle in the outer tank body, thereby improving the heat exchange efficiency.

[0059] The present invention does not specifically limit the arrangement of the solid hydrogen storage composite material. Preferably, the solid hydrogen storage composite material is placed between the adjacent inner tank body partitions 3 .

[0060] According to the present invention, preferably, the solid hydrogen storage composite material includes a hydrogen storage alloy and / or a thermal conductive material. The advantage of adopting this preferred embodiment is that the solid hydrogen storage composite material is a mixture of a hydrogen storage alloy and a thermal conductive material, which can effectively improve the heat transfer coefficient of the hydrogen storage material bed and reduce the stress change caused by the expansion and contraction of the hydrogen storage material during the hydrogen absorption and desorption process.

[0061] In the present invention, there is no particular limitation on the amount of each component material in the solid hydrogen storage composite material, as long as it can meet the hydrogen storage demand. Preferably, the mass ratio of the hydrogen storage alloy to the thermal conductive material is 1:0.02-0.1.

[0062] In the present invention, there is no particular limitation on the type of hydrogen storage alloy, and it can be any hydrogen storage alloy conventionally defined in the art. Preferably, the hydrogen storage alloy is selected from at least one of titanium hydrogen storage alloys, zirconium hydrogen storage alloys, vanadium hydrogen storage alloys and rare earth hydrogen storage alloys; more specifically, it can be, for example, LaNi5 alloy.

[0063] In the present invention, there is no particular limitation on the type of thermally conductive material, and it can be any thermally conductive material conventionally defined in the art. Preferably, the thermally conductive material is selected from at least one of expanded graphite, thermally conductive fiber, graphite sheet, carbon nanotube, aluminum powder, copper powder, titanium powder, foamed aluminum, foamed nickel, and foamed copper.

[0064] In the present invention, there is no particular limitation on the type of heat transfer fluid, which may be any heat transfer fluid conventionally defined in the art. Preferably, the heat transfer fluid is selected from at least one of water, ethylene glycol and heat transfer oil.

[0065] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the materials of the inner tank body 1, the outer tank body 2, the inner tank body partition 3 and the outer tank body partition 4 are independently selected from at least one of aluminum, aluminum alloy, copper, copper alloy, carbon steel and stainless steel. The advantage of adopting this preferred embodiment is that the parameters such as tank weight, cost, thermal conductivity, etc. can be adjusted according to the application scenario.

[0066] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a gas pipe 7 is provided on the top of the inner tank body 1 , and the gas pipe 7 is used to introduce hydrogen into the inner tank body 1 or release the hydrogen in the inner tank body 1 .

[0067] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the inner diameter of the trachea is 3-10 mm.

[0068] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a filter 8 is provided inside the air pipe 7, and the filter 8 is a copper-based and / or stainless steel-based porous sintered body, preferably a copper-based and / or stainless steel-based porous sintered body sintered by a powder metallurgy method.

[0069] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the precision of the filter 8 is 0.5-2 μm.

[0070] A second aspect of the present invention provides a method for storing and releasing hydrogen, wherein the hydrogen storage process and the hydrogen release process are carried out in the hydrogen storage alloy reactor described in the first aspect, and the method comprises:

[0071] Hydrogen storage process: hydrogen is introduced into the inner tank 1, the hydrogen and the solid hydrogen storage composite material between the inner tank partition 3 undergo hydrogen absorption reaction, and a heat transfer fluid is introduced into the outer tank 2 to absorb the heat generated by the hydrogen absorption reaction;

[0072] Hydrogen release process: the solid hydrogen storage composite material adsorbed with hydrogen undergoes a desorption reaction, and then a heat transfer fluid is introduced into the outer tank body 2 to provide the heat required for the desorption reaction of hydrogen.

[0073] In the present invention, there is no particular limitation on the reaction conditions of the hydrogen absorption reaction and the desorption reaction (hydrogen release reaction), and those skilled in the art can make a choice according to actual needs. Preferably, in the hydrogen storage process, the conditions of the hydrogen absorption reaction include: a temperature of 10-50°C and a pressure of 0.5-50MPa. Preferably, in the hydrogen storage process, the temperature of the heat transfer fluid is 10-50°C, and the flow rate of the heat transfer fluid is 0.1-100L / min. In the hydrogen release process, the conditions of the desorption reaction include: a temperature of 30-200°C and a pressure of 0.1-50MPa. Preferably, in the hydrogen release process, the temperature of the heat transfer fluid is 30-200°C, and the flow rate of the heat transfer fluid is 0.05-100L / min.

[0074] The present invention will be described in detail below through examples.

[0075] Example 1

[0076] like Figure 1 As shown, the hydrogen storage alloy reactor includes an inner tank body 1, an outer tank body 2, an inner tank body partition 3, an outer tank body partition 4, an air pipe 7 and a filter 8. The outer tank body 2 is sleeved outside the inner tank body 1. The inner tank body 1, the outer tank body 2, the inner tank body partition 3 and the outer tank body partition 4 are all made of 304 stainless steel. The height of the inner tank body 1 is 150mm, and the inner diameter is 30mm. The height of the outer tank body 2 is 150mm, and the inner diameter is 60mm. The ratio of the inner diameter difference between the outer tank body 2 and the inner tank body 1 to the inner diameter of the inner tank body 1 is 1:1; the air pipe 7 is arranged at the top of the inner tank body 1 and communicated with the inner tank body 1. The diameter of the air pipe 7 is 3mm. A filter 8 is arranged inside the air pipe 7. The filter 8 is made of sintered 316L stainless steel with an accuracy of 2μm. The hydrogen enters or is discharged from the inner tank body 1 through the air pipe 7 after being filtered by the filter 8.

[0077] like Figure 1-3 As shown, along the vertical direction of the inner tank body 1, a plurality of inner tank body partitions 3 are horizontally arranged inside the inner tank body 1, the outer peripheral wall of the inner tank body partition 3 is detachably connected to the inner peripheral wall of the inner tank body 1, an opening 5 is opened on the inner tank body partition 3, the diameter of the opening 5 is 8mm, and the opening area of ​​the opening 5 is 0.07:1 to the area of ​​the inner tank body partition 3. Taking the adjacent lower inner tank body partition 3 as a reference, the inner tank body partition 3 is rotated 180° in the same direction along the axial direction of the inner tank body 1 in sequence; the adjacent inner tank body partitions 3 are rotated 180° in the same direction in sequence; The ratio of the maximum spacing between the inner tank body partitions 3 to the height of the inner tank body 1 is 0.33:1, and multiple inner tank body partitions 3 are arranged in parallel. The openings 5 ​​on the inner tank body partitions form a gas flow channel, and hydrogen flows in the gas flow channel. The adjacent inner tank body partitions 3 in the inner tank body 1 are filled with solid hydrogen storage composite materials. The solid hydrogen storage composite material includes a rare earth-based hydrogen storage alloy (composed of LaNi5) and expanded graphite, wherein the mass ratio of the rare earth-based hydrogen storage alloy to the expanded graphite is 1:0.03.

[0078] like Figure 1 and Figure 4 As shown, along the vertical direction of the outer tank body 2, a plurality of outer tank body partitions 4 are horizontally arranged inside the outer tank body 2, and the outer tank body partitions 4 are in the shape of a missing corner circular ring 6, and the outer arc surface of the missing corner circular ring 6 is detachably connected to the inner peripheral wall of the outer tank body 2, and the inner arc surface of the missing corner circular ring 6 is detachably connected to the outer peripheral wall of the inner tank body 1, and the arc of the missing corner circular ring 6 is 300°; the ratio between the maximum spacing between adjacent outer tank body partitions 4 and the height of the outer tank body 2 is 0.2:1. Multiple outer tank body partitions 4 are arranged in parallel, and the outer tank body partitions 4 of the adjacent lower layer are used as the reference, and the outer tank body partitions 4 are rotated 180° in the same direction along the axial direction of the outer tank body 2 in sequence; a first guide port (not shown in the figure) is arranged at the top of the outer tank body 2, and a second guide port (not shown in the figure) is arranged at the bottom of the outer tank body 2, and the heat transfer fluid enters the liquid flow channel of the outer tank body 2 through the first guide port and fills the inner part of the outer tank body 2, and the heat transfer fluid is deionized water.

[0079] During the hydrogen storage process, the hydrogen inlet pressure is maintained at 0.8 MPa and introduced into the inner tank body 1, and the hydrogen absorption reaction is carried out with the solid hydrogen storage composite material in the inner tank body 1 under the pressure of the initial temperature of 293 K; deionized water at a temperature of 293 K is introduced into the outer tank body 2 at a flow rate of 1.2 L / min to absorb the heat generated by the hydrogen absorption reaction;

[0080] During the dehydrogenation process, the solid hydrogen storage composite material adsorbed with hydrogen undergoes a desorption reaction at an initial temperature of 343K and a constant outlet pressure of 0.1MPa. Deionized water at 343K is introduced into the outer tank 2 at a flow rate of 0.2L / min to provide heat for the desorption reaction of hydrogen.

[0081] The reactor was numerically simulated using COMSO software. The mass, energy and momentum balance equations were constructed. The specific equations are as follows:

[0082] Mass conservation equation for hydrogen storage materials:

[0083] The mass conservation equation for gases is:

[0084] Where m is the mass change value, ε is the porosity of the hydrogen storage material in the inner tank 1, and ρ s is the density of hydrogen storage material, t is the reaction time, u g is the velocity field of hydrogen, ρ g is the gas density.

[0085] The velocity field for hydrogen is calculated using Darcy's law:

[0086] Where K is the permeability, μ g is the viscosity coefficient of hydrogen, P g is the hydrogen pressure.

[0087] For the hydrogen absorption reaction process, the reaction rate equation is as follows:

[0088]

[0089] For the hydrogen release reaction process, the reaction rate equation is as follows:

[0090]

[0091] Among them, C a and C d are the pre-exponential factors of hydrogen absorption reaction and hydrogen release reaction, E a and E d are the activation energies of hydrogen absorption and desorption reactions, R g is the gas constant, T is the reaction temperature, P eq is the equilibrium pressure of the chemical reaction, ρ ss is the density of the hydrogen storage material after complete hydrogen absorption, and ρ0 is the initial density of the hydrogen storage material.

[0092] The equilibrium pressure of a chemical reaction is given by the Van't Hoff equation:

[0093]

[0094] The energy balance equation for the hydrogen absorption and desorption reaction in the inner tank 1 is as follows:

[0095]

[0096] Among them, M g is the molar mass of hydrogen.

[0097] Among them, the effective heat capacity of the hydrogen storage bed is: (ρC p ) e =ερ g C p,g +(1-ε)ρ s C p,s

[0098] The effective thermal conductivity of the hydrogen storage bed is: e =ελ g +(1-ε)λ s

[0099] Among them, C p,g and C p,s are the heat capacities of hydrogen and hydrogen storage materials, respectively, g and λ s are the thermal conductivities of hydrogen and hydrogen storage materials, respectively.

[0100] For the heat transfer fluid, the mass balance equation is:

[0101] Among them, ρ f is the density of the heat transfer fluid, u f is the velocity field of the heat transfer fluid.

[0102] For a heat transfer fluid, the momentum balance equation is as follows:

[0103]

[0104] The heat transfer equation inside the heat transfer fluid is as follows:

[0105]

[0106] in:

[0107] Among them, C p,f is the heat capacity of the heat transfer fluid, λ f is the effective thermal conductivity of the heat transfer fluid, P f is the heat transfer fluid pressure.

[0108] For the tank walls and partitions, the heat transfer equation is as follows:

[0109]

[0110] Among them, (ρc) solid is the heat capacity of the solid (tank wall or partition), λ solid is the effective thermal conductivity of the solid (tank wall or partition).

[0111] The heat transfer equation between the inner tank, outer tank and partition is: q = h (T1-T2)

[0112] Among them, q is the heat flux, h is the heat transfer coefficient between the two, T1 and T2 refer to the respective temperatures of two adjacent phases with different temperatures (for example, when calculating the heat transfer between the inner tank body and the partition, T1 and T2 refer to the temperatures of the inner tank body and the partition respectively).

[0113] Using the above equation, the change of each parameter in the reactor over time can be calculated. Figure 5 As shown in the curve of hydrogen absorption over time, 334 seconds after the start of the hydrogen absorption reaction, the hydrogen absorption of the hydrogen storage alloy reactor reaches 90% of the maximum hydrogen absorption, and the hydrogen absorption time is reduced by 46% compared with Comparative Example 1. Figure 6 As shown in the curve of the inner tank body temperature changing with time, the total time that the inner tank body temperature rises above 30K (323K) is 321s, which is 49% less than the over-temperature time in comparative example 1.

[0114] like Figure 7As shown in the curve of the change of hydrogen desorption ratio over time, 543 seconds after the start of the hydrogen desorption reaction, the hydrogen storage alloy reactor released 90% of the hydrogen, and the hydrogen desorption time was reduced by 53% compared with the comparative example 1.

[0115] Example 2

[0116] The reactor and the method of Example 1 are used, except that the height of the inner tank body 1 is 210 mm and the inner diameter is 40 mm, the height of the outer tank body 2 is 210 mm and the inner diameter is 90 mm, and the ratio of the inner diameter difference between the outer tank body 2 and the inner tank body 1 to the inner diameter of the inner tank body 1 is 1.25:1; the air pipe 7 is arranged at the top of the inner tank body 1 and is connected to the inner tank body 1, the diameter of the air pipe 7 is 10 mm, and a filter 8 is arranged inside the air pipe 7, the filter 8 is made of sintered 316L stainless steel, and its precision is 2 μm, and the hydrogen is filtered by the filter 8 and then enters or is discharged from the inner tank body 1 through the air pipe 7.

[0117] like Figure 1-3 As shown, along the vertical direction of the inner tank body 1, a plurality of inner tank body partitions 3 are horizontally arranged inside the inner tank body 1, the outer peripheral wall of the inner tank body partition 3 is detachably connected to the inner peripheral wall of the inner tank body 1, an opening 5 is opened on the inner tank body partition 3, the diameter of the opening 5 is 12 mm, and the opening area of ​​the opening 5 is 0.09:1 to the area ratio of the inner tank body partition 3, and the inner tank body partition 3 of the adjacent lower layer is used as a reference, and the inner tank body partition 3 is rotated 150° in the same direction along the axial direction of the inner tank body 1 in sequence; the adjacent inner tank body partitions 3 are rotated 150° in the same direction in sequence; The ratio of the maximum spacing between the inner tank body partitions 3 to the height of the inner tank body is 0.14:1, and multiple inner tank body partitions 3 are arranged in parallel. The openings 5 ​​on the inner tank body partitions 3 form a gas flow channel, and hydrogen flows in the gas flow channel. The adjacent inner tank body partitions 3 in the inner tank body 1 are filled with solid hydrogen storage composite materials, and the solid hydrogen storage composite materials include rare earth-based hydrogen storage alloys (composed of LaNi5) and expanded graphite, wherein the mass ratio of the rare earth-based hydrogen storage alloy to the expanded graphite is 1:0.08.

[0118] like Figure 1 and Figure 4As shown, along the vertical direction of the outer tank body 2, a plurality of outer tank body partitions 4 are horizontally arranged inside the outer tank body 2, and the outer tank body partitions 4 are in the shape of a missing corner circular ring 6, and the outer arc surface of the missing corner circular ring 6 is detachably connected to the inner peripheral wall of the outer tank body 1, and the inner arc surface of the missing corner circular ring 6 is detachably connected to the outer peripheral wall of the inner tank body 1, and the arc of the missing corner circular ring 6 is 345°; the ratio between the maximum spacing between adjacent outer tank body partitions 4 and the height of the outer tank body 1 is 0.2:1. Multiple outer tank body partitions 4 are arranged in parallel, and the outer tank body partitions 4 of the adjacent lower layer are used as the reference, and the outer tank body partitions 4 are rotated 144° in the same direction along the axial direction of the outer tank body 2 in sequence; a first guide port (not shown in the figure) is arranged at the top of the outer tank body 2, and a second guide port (not shown in the figure) is arranged at the bottom of the outer tank body 2, and the heat transfer fluid enters the outer tank body flow channel through the first guide port and fills the inner part of the outer tank body 2, and the heat transfer fluid is deionized water.

[0119] During the hydrogen storage process, the hydrogen inlet pressure is maintained at 0.8 MPa and introduced into the inner tank body 1, and the hydrogen absorption reaction is carried out with the solid hydrogen storage composite material in the inner tank body 1 under the pressure of the initial temperature of 293 K; deionized water at a temperature of 293 K is introduced into the outer tank body 2 at a flow rate of 3 L / min to absorb the heat generated by the hydrogen absorption reaction;

[0120] During the dehydrogenation process, the solid hydrogen storage composite material adsorbed with hydrogen undergoes a desorption reaction at a temperature of 343K and a constant outlet pressure of 0.1MPa. Deionized water at 343K is passed into the outer tank 2 at a flow rate of 0.48L / min to provide heat for the desorption reaction of hydrogen.

[0121] The change values ​​of various parameters in the reactor over time were obtained by simulation calculation according to Example 1. Figure 8 As shown in the curve of hydrogen absorption over time, 348 seconds after the start of the hydrogen absorption reaction, the hydrogen absorption of the hydrogen storage alloy reactor reaches 90% of the maximum hydrogen absorption, and the hydrogen absorption time is reduced by 44% compared with Comparative Example 1. Fig. 9 As shown in the curve of the inner tank body temperature changing with time, the total time for the inner tank body temperature to rise above 30K (323K) is 363s, which is 43% less than the over-temperature time in comparative example 1.

[0122] like Fig.10 As shown in the curve of the change of hydrogen desorption ratio over time, 483 seconds after the start of the hydrogen desorption reaction, the hydrogen storage alloy reactor released 90% of the hydrogen, and the hydrogen desorption time was reduced by 58% compared with the comparative example 1.

[0123] Example 3

[0124] The reactor and the method of Example 1 are used, except that the height of the inner tank body 1 is 720 mm and the inner diameter is 10 mm, the height of the outer tank body 2 is 720 mm and the inner diameter is 30 mm, and the ratio of the inner diameter difference between the outer tank body 2 and the inner tank body 1 to the inner diameter of the inner tank body is 2:1; the air pipe 7 is arranged at the top of the inner tank body 1 and is connected to the inner tank body 1, the diameter of the air pipe 7 is 4 mm, and a filter 8 is arranged inside the air pipe 7, the filter 8 is made of sintered 316L stainless steel, and its precision is 2 μm, and the hydrogen is filtered by the filter 8 and then enters or is discharged from the inner tank body 1 through the air pipe 7.

[0125] like Figure 1-3 As shown, along the vertical direction of the inner tank body 1, a plurality of inner tank body partitions 3 are horizontally arranged inside the inner tank body 1, the outer peripheral wall of the inner tank body partition 3 is detachably connected to the inner peripheral wall of the inner tank body 1, an opening 5 is opened on the inner tank body partition 3, the diameter of the opening 5 is 2.4 mm, and the opening area of ​​the opening 5 is 0.058:1 to the area ratio of the inner tank body partition 3, and the inner tank body partition 3 of the adjacent lower layer is used as a reference, and the inner tank body partition 3 is rotated 120° in the same direction along the axial direction of the inner tank body 1 in sequence; the adjacent inner tank body partitions 3 are rotated 120° in the same direction in sequence; The ratio of the maximum spacing between the tank body partitions 3 to the inner tank body height is 0.09:1, and multiple inner tank body partitions 3 are arranged in parallel. The openings 5 ​​on the inner tank body partitions 3 form a gas flow channel, and hydrogen flows in the gas flow channel. The adjacent inner tank body partitions 3 in the inner tank body 1 are filled with solid hydrogen storage composite materials. The solid hydrogen storage composite material includes a rare earth-based hydrogen storage alloy (composed of LaNi5) and expanded graphite, wherein the mass ratio of the rare earth-based hydrogen storage alloy to the expanded graphite is 1:0.08.

[0126] like Figure 1 and Figure 4 As shown, along the vertical direction of the outer tank body 2, a plurality of outer tank body partitions 4 are horizontally arranged inside the outer tank body 2. The outer tank body partitions 4 are in the shape of a missing corner circular ring 6. The outer arc surface of the missing corner circular ring 6 is detachably connected to the inner peripheral wall of the outer tank body 1. The arc of the missing corner circular ring 6 is 330°. The ratio between the maximum spacing between adjacent outer tank body partitions 4 and the height of the outer tank body is 0.09:1. The plurality of outer tank body partitions 4 are arranged in parallel. Taking the adjacent lower outer tank body partition 4 as the reference, the outer tank body partitions 4 are rotated 120° in the same direction along the axial direction of the outer tank body 2 in sequence. A first guide port (not shown in the figure) is arranged at the top of the outer tank body 2, and a second guide port (not shown in the figure) is arranged at the bottom of the outer tank body 2. The heat transfer fluid enters the outer tank body flow channel through the first guide port and fills the inner part of the outer tank body 2. The heat transfer fluid is deionized water.

[0127] During the hydrogen storage process, the hydrogen inlet pressure is maintained at 0.8 MPa and introduced into the inner tank body 1, and the hydrogen absorption reaction is carried out with the solid hydrogen storage composite material in the inner tank body 1 under the pressure of the initial temperature of 293 K; deionized water at a temperature of 293 K is introduced into the outer tank body 2 at a flow rate of 0.1 L / min to absorb the heat generated by the hydrogen absorption reaction;

[0128] During the dehydrogenation process, the solid hydrogen storage composite material adsorbed with hydrogen undergoes a desorption reaction at a temperature of 343K and a constant outlet pressure of 0.1MPa. Deionized water at 343K is passed into the outer tank 2 at a flow rate of 0.05L / min to provide heat for the desorption reaction of hydrogen.

[0129] The change values ​​of various parameters in the reactor over time were obtained by simulation calculation according to Example 1. Fig.11 As shown in the curve of hydrogen absorption over time, 106s after the start of the hydrogen absorption reaction, the hydrogen absorption of the hydrogen storage alloy reactor reaches 90% of the maximum hydrogen absorption, and the hydrogen absorption time is reduced by 83% compared with Comparative Example 1. Fig.12 As shown in the curve of the inner tank body temperature changing with time, the total time for the inner tank body temperature to rise above 30K (323K) is 108s, which is 83% less than the over-temperature time in comparative example 1.

[0130] like Fig.13 As shown in the curve of the change of hydrogen release ratio over time, 117 seconds after the start of the hydrogen release reaction, the hydrogen storage alloy reactor released 90% of the hydrogen, and the hydrogen release time was reduced by 90% compared with comparative example 1.

[0131] Example 4

[0132] The reactor and the method of Example 1 are used, except that the height of the inner tank body 1 is 100 mm and the inner diameter is 60 mm, the height of the outer tank body 2 is 100 mm and the inner diameter is 80 mm, and the ratio of the inner diameter difference between the outer tank body 2 and the inner tank body 1 to the inner diameter of the inner tank body 1 is 0.33:1; the air pipe 7 is arranged at the top of the inner tank body 1 and is connected to the inner tank body 1, the diameter of the air pipe 7 is 6 mm, and a filter 8 is arranged inside the air pipe 7, the filter 8 is made of sintered 316L stainless steel, and its precision is 2 μm, and the hydrogen is filtered by the filter 8 and then enters or is discharged from the inner tank body 1 through the air pipe 7.

[0133] like Figure 1-3As shown, along the vertical direction of the inner tank body 1, a plurality of inner tank body partitions 3 are horizontally arranged inside the inner tank body 1, the outer peripheral wall of the inner tank body partition 3 is detachably connected to the inner peripheral wall of the inner tank body 1, an opening 5 is opened on the inner tank body partition 3, the diameter of the opening 5 is 6mm, and the opening area of ​​the opening 5 is 0.01:1 to the area of ​​the inner tank body partition 3. Taking the adjacent lower inner tank body partition 3 as a reference, the inner tank body partition 3 is rotated 60° in the same direction along the axial direction of the inner tank body 1 in sequence; the adjacent inner tank body The ratio of the maximum spacing between the partitions 3 to the height of the inner tank body 1 is 0.2:1, and multiple inner tank body partitions 3 are arranged in parallel. The openings 5 ​​on the inner tank body partitions 3 form a gas flow channel, and hydrogen flows in the gas flow channel. The adjacent inner tank body partitions 3 in the inner tank body 1 are filled with solid hydrogen storage composite materials. The solid hydrogen storage composite material includes a rare earth-based hydrogen storage alloy (composed of LaNi5) and expanded graphite, wherein the mass ratio of the rare earth-based hydrogen storage alloy to the expanded graphite is 1:0.03.

[0134] like Figure 1 and Figure 4 As shown, along the vertical direction of the outer tank body 2, a plurality of outer tank body partitions 4 are horizontally arranged inside the outer tank body 2, and the outer tank body partitions 4 are in the shape of a missing corner circular ring 6, and the outer arc surface of the missing corner circular ring 6 is detachably connected to the inner peripheral wall of the outer tank body 1, and the inner arc surface of the missing corner circular ring 6 is detachably connected to the outer peripheral wall of the inner tank body 1, and the arc of the missing corner circular ring 6 is 240°; the ratio of the maximum spacing between adjacent outer tank body partitions 4 to the height of the outer tank body 4 is 0.42:1. Multiple outer tank body partitions 4 are arranged in parallel, and the outer tank body partitions 4 of the adjacent lower layer are used as the reference, and the outer tank body partitions 4 are rotated 90° in the same direction along the axial direction of the outer tank body 2 in sequence; a first guide port (not shown in the figure) is arranged at the top of the outer tank body 2, and a second guide port (not shown in the figure) is arranged at the bottom of the outer tank body 2, and the heat transfer fluid enters the outer tank body flow channel through the first guide port and fills the inner part of the outer tank body 2, and the heat transfer fluid is deionized water.

[0135] During the hydrogen storage process, the hydrogen inlet pressure is maintained at 0.8 MPa and introduced into the inner tank body 1, and the hydrogen absorption reaction is carried out with the solid hydrogen storage composite material in the inner tank body 1 under the pressure of the initial temperature of 293 K; deionized water at a temperature of 293 K is introduced into the outer tank body 2 at a flow rate of 3 L / min to absorb the heat generated by the hydrogen absorption reaction;

[0136] During the dehydrogenation process, the solid hydrogen storage composite material adsorbed with hydrogen undergoes a desorption reaction at a temperature of 343K and a constant outlet pressure of 0.1MPa. Deionized water at 343K is passed into the outer tank 2 at a flow rate of 0.5L / min to provide heat for the desorption reaction of hydrogen.

[0137] The change values ​​of various parameters in the reactor over time were obtained by simulation calculation according to Example 1. Fig.14As shown in the curve of hydrogen absorption over time, 518s after the start of the hydrogen absorption reaction, the hydrogen absorption of the hydrogen storage alloy reactor reaches 90% of the maximum hydrogen absorption, and the hydrogen absorption time is reduced by 17% compared with Comparative Example 1. Fig.15 As shown in the curve of the inner tank body temperature changing with time, the total time for the inner tank body temperature to rise above 30K (323K) is 540s, which is 15% less than the over-temperature time in comparative example 1.

[0138] like Fig.16 As shown in the curve of the change of hydrogen desorption ratio over time, 784 seconds after the start of the hydrogen desorption reaction, the hydrogen storage alloy reactor released 90% of the hydrogen, and the hydrogen desorption time was reduced by 32% compared with the comparative example 1.

[0139] Comparative Example 1

[0140] According to the method of Example 2, the difference is that Fig.17 As shown, in Comparative Example 1, the inner tank body 1 is not provided with the inner tank body partition 3, and the outer tank body 2 is not provided with the outer tank body partition 4.

[0141] During the hydrogen storage process, the hydrogen inlet pressure is maintained at 0.8 MPa and introduced into the inner tank body, and the hydrogen absorption reaction is carried out with the solid hydrogen storage composite material in the inner tank body 1 under the pressure of the initial temperature of 293 K; deionized water at a temperature of 293 K is introduced into the outer tank body 2 at a flow rate of 3 L / min to absorb the heat generated by the hydrogen absorption reaction;

[0142] During the dehydrogenation process, the solid hydrogen storage composite material adsorbed with hydrogen undergoes a desorption reaction at an initial temperature of 343K and a constant outlet pressure of 0.1MPa. Deionized water at 343K is passed into the outer tank 2 at a flow rate of 0.48L / min to provide heat for the desorption reaction of hydrogen.

[0143] The change values ​​of various parameters in the reactor over time were obtained by simulation calculation according to Example 1. Fig.18 As shown in the curve of hydrogen absorption over time, 621s after the start of the hydrogen absorption reaction, the hydrogen absorption of the hydrogen storage alloy reactor reaches 90% of the maximum hydrogen absorption. Fig.19 As shown in the curve of the inner tank temperature changing with time, the total time that the inner tank temperature rises above 30K (323K) is 632s.

[0144] like Fig. 20 As shown in the curve of the change of hydrogen release ratio over time, 1160s after the start of the hydrogen release reaction, the hydrogen storage alloy reactor released 90% of the hydrogen.

[0145] It can be seen from the above embodiments and comparative examples that the hydrogen storage alloy reactor provided by the present invention has the effect of increasing the reaction rate of hydrogen absorption and desorption and reducing the temperature of the tank container.

[0146] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Within the technical concept of the present invention, the technical solution of the present invention can be subjected to a variety of simple modifications, including the combination of various technical features in any other suitable manner, and these simple modifications and combinations should also be regarded as the contents disclosed by the present invention and belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hydrogen storage alloy reactor, characterized in that: The reactor comprises an inner tank body (1) arranged vertically and an outer tank body (2) sleeved outside the inner tank body (1); Along the vertical direction of the inner tank body (1), a plurality of inner tank body partitions (3) are horizontally arranged inside the inner tank body (1); Along the vertical direction of the outer tank body (2), a plurality of outer tank body partitions (4) are horizontally arranged inside the outer tank body (2); The inner tank body partition (3) is provided with an opening (5), and the opening (5) is used for the circulation of hydrogen; The outer tank body partition (4) is in the shape of a notched circular ring (6). The outer tank body partition (4) is used for the circulation of a heat-conducting fluid, and the heat-conducting fluid circulates through the notched corner of the notched circular ring (6).

2. The reactor according to claim 1, wherein The heights of the inner tank body (1) and the outer tank body (2) are independently 50-2000 mm, preferably 150-800 mm; Preferably, the inner diameter of the inner tank body (1) is 5-80 mm, more preferably 10-40 mm; Preferably, the inner diameter of the outer tank body (2) is 15-160 mm, more preferably 30-90 mm; Preferably, the ratio of the difference in inner diameters between the outer tank body (2) and the inner tank body (1) to the inner diameter of the inner tank body (1) is 0.2-3:1, more preferably 0.35-2:

1.

3. The reactor according to claim 1 or 2, wherein The number of the opening (5) is one, and the ratio of the opening area of ​​the opening (5) to the area of ​​the inner tank body partition (3) is 0.01-0.2:1, preferably 0.04-0.1:1; Preferably, the diameter of the opening (5) is 2-20 mm, more preferably 2-15 mm; Preferably, the ratio of the distance between the center of the inner tank body partition (3) and the center of the opening (5) to the inner diameter of the inner tank body (1) is 0.15-0.45:1, and more preferably 0.2-0.35:1; Preferably, taking the bottom inner tank body partition (3) as a reference, the plurality of inner tank body partitions (3) are rotated in the same direction along the axial direction of the inner tank body (1) by 90-180°, more preferably by 120-180°; Preferably, the ratio of the maximum spacing between adjacent inner tank body partitions (3) to the height of the inner tank body (1) is 0.05-0.5:1, and more preferably 0.05-0.35:

1.

4. The reactor according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein The arc of the missing corner ring (6) is 240-355°, preferably 300-345°; Preferably, taking the outer tank body partition (4) at the bottom layer as a reference, the plurality of outer tank body partitions (4) are rotated in the same direction along the axial direction of the outer tank body (2) by 90-180 degrees, more preferably by 120-180 degrees; Preferably, the ratio of the maximum spacing between adjacent outer tank body partitions (4) to the height of the outer tank body (2) is 0.05-0.5:1, and more preferably 0.08-0.25:

1.

5. The reactor according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein A solid hydrogen storage composite material is placed between the adjacent inner tank body partitions (3), and the solid hydrogen storage composite material comprises a hydrogen storage alloy and / or a heat conductive material; Preferably, the mass ratio of the hydrogen storage alloy to the thermal conductive material is 1:0.02-0.

1.

6. The reactor according to claim 5, wherein The hydrogen storage alloy is selected from at least one of titanium hydrogen storage alloys, zirconium hydrogen storage alloys, vanadium hydrogen storage alloys and rare earth hydrogen storage alloys; Preferably, the thermally conductive material is selected from at least one of expanded graphite, thermally conductive fibers, graphite sheets, carbon nanotubes, aluminum powder, copper powder, titanium powder, foamed aluminum, foamed nickel and foamed copper.

7. The reactor according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein The heat transfer fluid is selected from at least one of water, ethylene glycol and heat transfer oil; And / or, the materials of the inner tank body (1), the outer tank body (2), the inner tank body partition (3) and the outer tank body partition (4) are independently selected from at least one of aluminum, aluminum alloy, copper, copper alloy, carbon steel and stainless steel.

8. The reactor according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein A gas pipe (7) is provided at the top of the inner tank body (1), and the gas pipe (7) is used to introduce hydrogen into the inner tank body (1) or release the hydrogen in the inner tank body (1); And / or, a filter (8) is arranged inside the air pipe (7), and the filter (8) is a copper-based and / or stainless steel-based porous sintered body, preferably a copper-based and / or stainless steel-based porous sintered body sintered by a powder metallurgy method; Preferably, the filter (8) has a precision of 0.5-2 μm.

9. A method for storing and releasing hydrogen, wherein: The hydrogen storage process and the hydrogen release process are carried out in the hydrogen storage alloy reactor according to any one of claims 1 to 8, and the method comprises: Hydrogen storage process: hydrogen is introduced into the inner tank body (1), the hydrogen and the solid hydrogen storage composite material between the inner tank body partition (3) undergo a hydrogen absorption reaction, and a heat transfer fluid is introduced into the outer tank body (2) to absorb heat generated by the hydrogen absorption reaction; Hydrogen release process: the solid hydrogen storage composite material adsorbing hydrogen undergoes a desorption reaction, and then a heat transfer fluid is introduced into the outer tank (2) to provide heat required for the desorption reaction of hydrogen.

10. The method according to claim 9, wherein: During the hydrogen storage process, the conditions for the hydrogen absorption reaction include: a temperature of 10-50°C and a pressure of 0.5-50MPa; Preferably, during the hydrogen storage process, the temperature of the heat transfer fluid is 10-50° C., and the flow rate of the heat transfer fluid is 0.1-100 L / min.

11. The method according to claim 9 or 10, wherein: During the hydrogen release process, the conditions of the desorption reaction include: a temperature of 30-200°C and a pressure of 0.1-50MPa; Preferably, during the dehydrogenation process, the temperature of the heat transfer fluid is 30-200° C., and the flow rate of the heat transfer fluid is 0.05-100 L / min.

Images