High-strength aluminum alloy welding device and method

Abstract

The invention provides a high-strength aluminum alloy welding device and method. The device comprises an arc welding power source, an arc welding gun, an alternating magnetic field control power source, a magnet exciting coil, a magnetic core, a pulse laser, a laser head, a powder feeder, a powder feeding nozzle, surface-metallized ceramic particles, a welding robot and the like. According to the method, ceramic particle powder is uniformly distributed in a welding seam on the basis of pulse laser and alternating magnetic field cooperating with regulation and control of surface metallized ceramic particles, the welding strength of the high-strength aluminum alloy is improved, the interaction force generated by the alternating magnetic field and current on the ceramic particles is increased through the surface metallized ceramic particle method, and the welding quality of the high-strength aluminum alloy is improved. And meanwhile, a synergistic effect is formed between electromagnetic force in the alternating direction generated by the alternating magnetic field and impact force generated by the pulse laser on the molten pool, the motion state of the ceramic particle powder in the molten pool is controlled, uniform distribution of the ceramic particle powder in the welding seam is achieved, and finally the welding seam structure uniformity is achieved, and the welding seam strength is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of welding technology, and in particular to a high-strength aluminum alloy welding device and method. Background Art

[0002] High-strength aluminum alloy refers to aluminum alloy with a tensile strength greater than 480MPa. High-strength aluminum alloy is widely used in rail transportation, aerospace, military and other fields due to its low density, high strength and good corrosion resistance. Because it often serves in extreme environmental conditions with high stress loads such as rail train body structure, aircraft fuselage, wings, armored vehicle structure frame, etc., higher requirements are placed on the performance of high-strength aluminum alloy welded joints.

[0003] However, in the welding process of high-strength aluminum alloys, the large heat input leads to the burning of strengthening elements and the transformation of the organizational structure, which causes the "weld joint softening phenomenon". At the same time, the severe segregation of elements at the grain boundaries during the cooling process makes the weld joints very prone to "hot crack defects". Softening and crack defects eventually lead to a decrease in the strength of the weld joint, making it difficult to meet engineering requirements. Therefore, in the welding process, methods such as adding rare earth elements and ceramic particles are often used to metallurgically control the weld to improve the service performance of high-strength aluminum alloy welded joints. Ceramic particles are widely used due to their high cost performance.

[0004] In order to achieve uniform distribution of ceramic particle powder for strengthening in the middle of the molten pool, Chinese patent CN111318805B proposes a laser welding method by brushing high entropy alloy powder on the butt interface of the weld of the base material to be welded, but this method is difficult to accurately control the stress state and powder content of the powder during the welding process. Chinese patent CN118204598A proposes a wire-powder synchronous arc melting deposition method, which feeds the powder into the molten pool by wire-powder synchronous welding, improving the stability of the material during welding and the mechanical properties of the welded joint. However, this method is prone to the powder being distributed in large quantities at the top of the weld due to its light weight, and it is difficult to obtain uniform powder distribution in the middle and lower parts of the weld. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present application proposes a high-strength aluminum alloy welding device and method to solve the problem in the prior art that ceramic particle powder is difficult to be evenly distributed in the weld during welding.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, one aspect of the present application provides a high-strength aluminum alloy welding device, comprising:

[0007] An arc welding power source, an arc welding gun connected to the arc welding power source is mounted on the mechanical arm of the welding robot, the arc welding power source controls the arc welding gun to weld a base material, and the base material is made of high-strength aluminum alloy;

[0008] An alternating magnetic field control power supply, an excitation coil connected to the alternating magnetic field control power supply is wound on a magnetic core, the magnetic core is mounted on a mechanical arm of a welding robot, an alternating current generated by the alternating magnetic field control power supply acts on the excitation coil to generate an alternating magnetic field, and a magnetic field direction of the alternating magnetic field is perpendicular to a welding direction;

[0009] A pulse laser, a laser head connected to the pulse laser can emit a pulse laser beam to act on the base material, and the laser head is mounted on the mechanical arm of the welding robot;

[0010] A powder feeder, a powder feeding nozzle connected to the powder feeder can add surface metallized ceramic particles to the weld of the base material, and the powder feeding nozzle is mounted on the mechanical arm of the welding robot;

[0011] When the welding robot moves according to the preset welding speed and welding trajectory, the arc welding gun, magnetic core, laser head and powder feeding nozzle move synchronously under the action of the robotic arm; the frequency of the alternating magnetic field is the same as the frequency of the pulsed laser, and through the synergistic effect between the surface metallized ceramic particles, the alternating magnetic field and the pulsed laser, the alternating magnetic field is adjusted to achieve the alternating magnetic field generating a first force on the ceramic particles during the pulsed laser light emitting stage, and the first force causes the ceramic particles to move toward the bottom of the molten pool; when the pulsed laser is in the non-light emitting stage, the alternating magnetic field generates a second force on the ceramic particles, and the direction of the second force is opposite to the direction of the first force.

[0012] Another aspect of the present application provides a high-strength aluminum alloy welding method based on the above device, comprising the following steps:

[0013] Step 1, preparing a plating solution for ceramic particles, and performing surface copper plating on the ceramic particles;

[0014] Step 2: Clean the base metal to be welded. The base metal is made of high-strength aluminum alloy.

[0015] Step 3, fix the cleaned base material to be welded, adjust the relative angle and distance between the pulse laser beam and the base material, adjust the relative angle and distance between the arc welding gun and the base material, adjust the relative angle and distance between the powder feeding nozzle and the base material, and adjust the relative position between the alternating magnetic field and the base material, so as to achieve stable coupling between the pulse laser and the arc, and at the same time, the powder feeding nozzle can stably feed the ceramic particles into the molten pool;

[0016] Step 4, setting the power, laser duty cycle and pulse laser frequency of the pulse laser by a pulse laser, setting the alternating magnetic field strength and frequency by an alternating magnetic field control power supply, making the alternating magnetic field frequency the same as the pulse laser frequency, and setting the alternating magnetic field at the same time, so that when the pulse laser is in the light-emitting stage, the alternating magnetic field generates a first force on the ceramic particles, and the first force causes the ceramic particles to move toward the bottom of the molten pool; when the pulse laser is in the non-light-emitting stage, the alternating magnetic field generates a second force on the ceramic particles, and the direction of the second force is opposite to the direction of the first force; setting the welding arc process parameters by an arc welding power supply, setting the welding speed and welding trajectory by a welding robot, and adjusting the powder feeding speed by a powder feeder;

[0017] Step 5: Turn on the arc welding power supply, pulse laser, powder feeder, and alternating magnetic field control power supply. After the alternating magnetic field is stable, perform welding according to the settings in step 4.

[0018] In some embodiments, in step 1, the ceramic particles are a mixture of one or more of TiC, TiB2, B4C, and ZrO2 with a particle size of 5 to 15 μm.

[0019] In some embodiments, in step 1, the composition ratio of the plating solution is: 16 g / L copper sulfate, 25 g / L disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, and 14 ml / L formaldehyde, and the pH value of the plating solution is maintained between 10 and 12 by adding sodium hydroxide.

[0020] In some embodiments, in step 1, the process of surface copper plating of ceramic particles is as follows: chemical copper plating is performed at a ceramic particle: plating solution ratio of 0.1 to 0.2 g / L; ceramic particles are added to the plating solution in proportion, and mechanical stirring is performed during the addition process. After the reaction is completed, the residual reagent on the surface of the ceramic particles is cleaned with ethanol or acetone solution and then air-dried.

[0021] In some embodiments, in step 2, the process of cleaning the base material is as follows: use ethanol or acetone organic solvent to remove oil and water vapor on the surface of the base material, then use 1-4wt% NaOH aqueous solution at 40℃~60℃ to clean for 5min~7min, then rinse with running water, then use 0.5-1wt% HNO3 aqueous solution at 25℃~35℃ to pickle for 1min~3min, then rinse with clean water multiple times to remove residual reagents, and finally air dry or low-temperature dry.

[0022] In some embodiments, in step 3, it is assumed that the base material is arranged in the horizontal direction, the angle between the pulsed laser beam and the vertical direction is 5° to 10°, the angle between the arc welding gun and the vertical direction is 30° to 40°, the angle between the powder feeding nozzle and the vertical direction is 50° to 60°, the distance between the end of the arc welding gun close to the base material and the base material is 15 to 25 mm, the distance between the end of the powder feeding nozzle close to the base material and the base material is 10 to 15 mm, the wire-powder spacing is 6 to 10 mm, the light wire spacing is 1.5 to 3.5 mm, and the defocus amount of the laser pulse is -1 to +1 mm.

[0023] In some embodiments, in step 4, the power of the pulse laser is set to 3000W~5000W, the laser duty cycle is set to 40%~60%, and the pulse laser frequency is set to 20~300Hz through a pulse laser; the alternating magnetic field strength is set to 1~100mt and the alternating magnetic field frequency is set to 20~300Hz through an alternating magnetic field control power supply; the powder feeding speed is adjusted by a powder feeder so that the powder feeding gas flow rate is 6L / min~9L / min, and the powder feeding amount is 2.1g / min~3g / min, the arc current is set to 150A~200A through an arc welding power supply, and the welding speed is set to 0.6m / min~1.2m / min through a welding robot.

[0024] The beneficial effect of the scheme of the present application lies in the above-mentioned high-strength aluminum alloy welding device and method, which are based on the regulation of pulsed laser, alternating magnetic field and surface metallized ceramic particles to achieve uniform distribution of ceramic particle powder in the weld and improve the welding strength of high-strength aluminum alloy. The method of surface metallized ceramic particles increases the interaction force generated by the alternating magnetic field and current on the ceramic particles. At the same time, a synergistic effect is formed between the electromagnetic force in the alternating direction generated by the alternating magnetic field and the impact force generated by the pulsed laser on the molten pool, thereby controlling the movement state of the ceramic particle powder in the molten pool, achieving uniform distribution of the ceramic particle powder in the weld, and finally achieving uniform weld structure and improving weld strength. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of a high-strength aluminum alloy welding device in an embodiment is shown.

[0026] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of an alternating magnetic field control power supply, a magnetic core and an excitation coil in an embodiment is shown.

[0027] Figure 3 The powder distribution and molten pool force diagram of pulsed laser and alternating magnetic field assisted arc composite powder feeding welding in the embodiment are shown.

[0028] Figure 4 The figure shows the weld formation effect of conventional laser-arc composite powder feeding welding of high-strength aluminum alloy.

[0029] Figure 5 The figure shows the effect of a weld formed by welding according to the method involved in the present invention.

[0030] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the cross-section of a conventional laser-arc hybrid powder welding weld is shown.

[0031] Figure 7 A schematic cross-sectional view of a weld formed according to the method of the present invention is shown.

[0032] Figure 8 A comparison curve of tensile properties between conventional laser-arc composite powder feeding welding and welding according to the method involved in the invention is shown.

[0033] Figure numerals: 1-arc welding power supply, 2-alternating magnetic field control power supply, 3-robot arm, 4-pulse laser, 5-powder feeder, 6-magnetic core, 7-excitation coil, 8-base material, 9-arc welding gun, 10-laser head, 11-pulse laser beam, 12-powder feeding nozzle, 13-welding direction, 14-plasma; 15-ceramic particles. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The specific implementation of the present application is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0035] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0036] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the high-strength aluminum alloy welding device involved in this application includes:

[0037] An arc welding power source 1 and an arc welding gun 9 connected to the arc welding power source 1 are mounted on a mechanical arm 3 of a welding robot. The arc welding power source 1 controls the arc welding gun 9 to weld a base material 8. The base material 8 is made of high-strength aluminum alloy and is arranged in a horizontal direction.

[0038] An alternating magnetic field control power supply 2, an excitation coil 7 connected to the alternating magnetic field control power supply 2 is wound on a magnetic core 6, and the magnetic core 6 is assembled on a mechanical arm 3 of a welding robot. The alternating current generated by the alternating magnetic field control power supply 2 acts on the excitation coil 7 to generate an alternating magnetic field. The height of the alternating magnetic field is at the same height as the base material 8 to be welded, and the direction of the magnetic field is perpendicular to the welding direction 13.

[0039] The pulse laser 4 and the laser head 10 connected to the pulse laser 4 can emit a pulse laser beam 11 to act on the base material 8. The laser head 10 is assembled on the mechanical arm 3 of the welding robot.

[0040] The powder feeder 5 and the powder feeding nozzle 12 connected to the powder feeder 5 can add the surface metallized ceramic particles 15 to the weld of the base material 8 in a directional and quantitative manner. The powder feeding nozzle 12 is mounted on the mechanical arm 3 of the welding robot.

[0041] During the welding process, the welding robot moves according to the preset welding speed and welding trajectory, and the arc welding gun 9, magnetic core 6, laser head 10 and powder feeding nozzle 12 move synchronously under the action of the mechanical arm 3. Specifically, the welding robot can adopt known equipment in the prior art, which can set the welding speed and welding trajectory, and can make the arc welding gun 9, magnetic core 6, laser head 10 and powder feeding nozzle 12 move synchronously. During the welding process, the frequency of the alternating magnetic field is made the same as the frequency of the pulsed laser. Through the synergistic effect between the surface metallized ceramic particles 15, the alternating magnetic field and the pulsed laser, the alternating magnetic field is adjusted to achieve the alternating magnetic field in the pulsed laser emitting stage. The alternating magnetic field exerts a downward force on the ceramic particles 15 powder and the molten pool; when the pulsed laser is in the non-emitting stage, the alternating magnetic field exerts an upward force on the ceramic particles 15 powder and the molten pool.

[0042] The high-strength aluminum alloy welding method involved in this application comprises the following steps:

[0043] Step 1: prepare a plating solution for the ceramic particles 15 and perform copper plating on the surface of the ceramic particles 15.

[0044] Step 2: Clean the base metal 8 to be welded to remove impurities, oil stains and oxide layer on the surface of the base metal 8. The base metal 8 is made of high-strength aluminum alloy.

[0045] Step 3, fix the cleaned base material 8 to be welded, adjust the relative angle and distance between the pulse laser beam 11 and the base material 8, adjust the relative angle and distance between the arc welding gun 9 and the base material 8, adjust the relative angle and distance between the powder feeding nozzle 12 and the base material 8, and adjust the relative position between the alternating magnetic field and the base material 8, so as to achieve stable coupling between the pulse laser and the arc, and at the same time, the powder feeding nozzle 12 can stably deliver the ceramic particles 15 into the molten pool.

[0046] Step 4, set the power, laser duty cycle and pulse laser frequency of the pulse laser through the pulse laser 4, set the alternating magnetic field strength and frequency through the alternating magnetic field control power supply 2, make the alternating magnetic field frequency the same as the pulse laser frequency, and set the alternating magnetic field at the same time, so that when the pulse laser is in the light emitting stage, the alternating magnetic field exerts a downward force on the ceramic particles 15 powder and the molten pool; when the pulse laser is in the non-light emitting stage, the alternating magnetic field exerts an upward force on the ceramic particles 15 powder and the molten pool; set the welding arc process parameters through the arc welding power supply 1, set the welding speed and welding trajectory through the welding robot, and adjust the powder feeding speed through the powder feeder 5.

[0047] Step 5, turn on the arc welding power supply 1, the pulse laser 4, the powder feeder 5, and the alternating magnetic field control power supply 2. After the alternating magnetic field is stable, perform welding according to the settings in step 4. Then, turn off the arc welding power supply 1, the pulse laser 4, the powder feeder 5, and the alternating magnetic field control power supply 2 in sequence to complete the welding process.

[0048] Specifically, in step 1, the ceramic particles 15 are one or a mixture of TiC, TiB2, B4C, and ZrO2 with a particle size of 5 to 15 μm, which can improve the strength of the weld.

[0049] In step 1, the composition ratio of the plating solution is: 16 g / L copper sulfate, 25 g / L disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate, and 14 ml / L formaldehyde. The pH value of the plating solution is adjusted to be maintained between 10 and 12 by adding sodium hydroxide.

[0050] In step 1, the process of surface copper plating of the ceramic particles 15 is as follows: chemical copper plating is performed at a ratio of 0.1 to 0.2 g / L of ceramic particles 15 to plating solution; the ceramic particles 15 are added to the plating solution in proportion, and mechanical stirring is performed during the adding process. After the reaction is completed, the residual reagent on the surface of the ceramic particles 15 is cleaned with ethanol or acetone solution and then air-dried.

[0051] In step 2, the process of cleaning the base material 8 is as follows: use ethanol or acetone organic solvent to remove oil and water vapor on the surface of the base material 8, then use 1-4wt% NaOH aqueous solution at 40°C to 60°C for cleaning for 5min to 7min, then rinse with running water, then use 0.5-1wt% HNO3 aqueous solution at 25°C to 35°C for acid washing for 1min to 3min, then rinse with clean water multiple times to remove residual reagents, and finally air dry or low-temperature dry.

[0052] In step 3, it is assumed that the base material 8 is arranged in the horizontal direction, the angle between the pulsed laser beam 11 and the vertical direction is 5° to 10°, the angle between the arc welding gun 9 and the vertical direction is 30° to 40°, the angle between the powder feeding nozzle 12 and the vertical direction is 50° to 60°, the distance between the end of the arc welding gun 9 close to the base material 8 and the base material 8 is 15 to 25 mm, the distance between the end of the powder feeding nozzle 12 close to the base material 8 and the base material 8 is 10 to 15 mm, the wire-powder spacing is 6 to 10 mm, the light wire spacing is 1.5 to 3.5 mm, and the defocus amount of the laser pulse is -1 to +1 mm.

[0053] In step 4, the pulse laser power is set to 3000W-5000W, the laser duty cycle is set to 40%-60%, and the pulse laser frequency is set to 20-300Hz by the pulse laser 4; the alternating magnetic field strength is set to 1-100mt and the alternating magnetic field frequency is set to 20-300Hz by the alternating magnetic field control power supply 2; the powder feeding speed is adjusted by the powder feeder 5 so that the powder feeding gas flow rate is 6L / min-9L / min and the powder feeding amount is 2.1g / min-3g / min, the arc current is set to 150A-200A by the arc welding power supply 1, and the welding speed is set to 0.6m / min-1.2m / min by the welding robot.

[0054] like Figures 4 to 8 As shown, the high-strength aluminum alloy welding device and method involved in this application have the following advantages:

[0055] (1) In the initial stage of powder feeding, it is difficult for the ceramic particles 15 powder to enter the bottom of the molten pool. The force of the pulsed laser on the molten pool and the alternating magnetic field on the ceramic particles 15 powder and the molten pool generate a downward force to promote the ceramic particles 15 to flow into the molten pool. Subsequently, in order to prevent the ceramic particles 15 from gathering at the bottom of the molten pool, when the pulsed laser is in the non-light-emitting stage, the electromagnetic force formed by the interaction between the alternating magnetic field and the copper-plated ceramic particles 15 and the molten metal in the molten pool is used to generate an upward force on the ceramic particles 15, which acts on the ceramic particles 15 to make them move upward and increase the flow rate at the bottom of the molten pool, thereby inhibiting the ceramic particles 15 powder from gathering at the bottom of the molten pool, thereby improving the uniform distribution of the ceramic particles 15 in the molten pool, and effectively playing a strengthening role, thereby avoiding the problem of low weld strength caused by the agglomeration of ceramic particles 15 and uneven tissue distribution caused by the uneven distribution of ceramic particles 15 in the weld.

[0056] (2) The electromagnetic force generated by the alternating magnetic field in the molten pool plays a role in stirring the molten pool, thereby refining the grains, making the structure uniform, and improving the performance of the welded joint.

[0057] (3) Through the action of alternating magnetic field and pulsed laser, on the one hand, the existence time of the molten pool is increased. On the other hand, the stirring effect of pulsed laser and alternating magnetic field on the molten pool can increase the escape time of pores, reduce the porosity, improve the uniformity of weld structure, and improve the mechanical properties of the weld joint.

[0058] Example

[0059] In this embodiment, the high-strength aluminum alloy welding method includes the following steps:

[0060] Step 1: prepare a plating solution for the ceramic particles 15 and perform copper plating on the surface of the ceramic particles 15.

[0061] In step 1, the plating solution comprises 16 g / L copper sulfate, 25 g / L disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate, and 14 ml / L formaldehyde, and sodium hydroxide is added to adjust the pH value of the plating solution to be maintained between 10 and 12. The ceramic particles 15 selected are TiC ceramic particles with a particle size of 12 μm.

[0062] In step 1, the process of surface copper plating of the ceramic particles 15 is as follows: chemical copper plating is performed at a ratio of 0.1 g / L of ceramic particles 15 to plating solution; the ceramic particles 15 are added to the plating solution in proportion, and mechanical stirring is performed during the adding process. After the reaction is completed, the residual reagent on the surface of the ceramic particles 15 is cleaned with an acetone solution and then air-dried.

[0063] Step 2: Clean the base material 8 to be welded to remove impurities, oil stains and oxide layer on the surface of the base material 8. The base material 8 is made of high-strength aluminum alloy, specifically 7075 high-strength aluminum alloy with a length of 150 mm, a width of 50 mm and a thickness of 4 mm.

[0064] In step 2, the process of cleaning the base material 8 is as follows: acetone is used to remove oil and water vapor on the surface of the base material 8, and then a 2wt% NaOH aqueous solution at 40°C is used to clean the surface of the base material 8 for 6 minutes, and then the residual reagent on the surface is removed by rinsing with running water, and then a 1wt% HNO3 aqueous solution at 30°C is used for pickling for 2 minutes, and then the residual reagent is removed by rinsing with clean water for multiple times, and finally the base material 8 is dried for standby use.

[0065] Step 3, fix the cleaned base material 8 to be welded, adjust the relative angle and distance between the pulse laser beam 11 and the base material 8, adjust the relative angle and distance between the arc welding gun 9 and the base material 8, adjust the relative angle and distance between the powder feeding nozzle 12 and the base material 8, and adjust the relative position between the alternating magnetic field and the base material 8, so that the pulse laser beam 11 can be focused, and the pulse laser and the arc can achieve stable coupling, and the powder feeding nozzle can stably deliver the ceramic particles 15 into the molten pool.

[0066] Specifically, in step 3, it is assumed that the base material 8 is arranged in the horizontal direction, the angle between the pulsed laser beam 11 and the vertical direction is 5°, the angle between the arc welding gun 9 and the vertical direction is 30°, the angle between the powder feeding nozzle 12 and the vertical direction is 60°, the distance between the end of the arc welding gun 9 close to the base material 8 and the base material 8 is 15 mm, the distance between the end of the powder feeding nozzle 12 close to the base material 8 and the base material 8 is 12 mm, the wire-powder spacing is 6 mm, the light wire spacing is 2 mm, and the defocus amount of the laser pulse is 0 mm.

[0067] Step 4, set the power, laser duty cycle and pulse laser frequency of the pulse laser through the pulse laser 4, set the alternating magnetic field strength and frequency through the alternating magnetic field control power supply 2, make the alternating magnetic field frequency the same as the pulse laser frequency, and set the alternating magnetic field at the same time, so that when the pulse laser is in the light emitting stage, the alternating magnetic field exerts a downward force on the ceramic particles 15 powder and the molten pool; when the pulse laser is in the non-light emitting stage, the alternating magnetic field exerts an upward force on the ceramic particles 15 powder and the molten pool; set the welding arc process parameters through the arc welding power supply 1, set the welding speed and welding trajectory through the welding robot, and adjust the powder feeding speed through the powder feeder 5.

[0068] Specifically, in step 4, the pulse laser power is set to 3500W, the laser duty cycle is set to 50%, and the pulse laser frequency is set to 200Hz through the pulse laser 4; the alternating magnetic field strength is set to 100mt and the alternating magnetic field frequency is set to 200Hz through the alternating magnetic field control power supply 2; the powder feeding speed is adjusted by the powder feeder 5 so that the powder feeding gas flow rate is 8L / min and the powder feeding amount is 2.1g / min; the arc current is set to 150A through the arc welding power supply 1, and the welding speed is set to 1.0m / min through the welding robot.

[0069] Step 5, turn on the arc welding power supply 1, the pulse laser 4, the powder feeder 5, and the alternating magnetic field control power supply 2. After the alternating magnetic field is stable, perform welding according to the settings in step 4. Then, turn off the arc welding power supply 1, the pulse laser 4, the powder feeder 5, and the alternating magnetic field control power supply 2 in sequence to complete the welding process.

[0070] The above is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent substitutions or changes according to the technical solution and concept of the present application within the technical scope disclosed in the present application, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A high-strength aluminum alloy welding device, characterized in that: include: An arc welding power source, an arc welding gun connected to the arc welding power source is mounted on the mechanical arm of the welding robot, the arc welding power source controls the arc welding gun to weld a base material, and the base material is made of high-strength aluminum alloy; An alternating magnetic field control power supply, an excitation coil connected to the alternating magnetic field control power supply is wound on a magnetic core, the magnetic core is mounted on a mechanical arm of a welding robot, an alternating current generated by the alternating magnetic field control power supply acts on the excitation coil to generate an alternating magnetic field, and a magnetic field direction of the alternating magnetic field is perpendicular to a welding direction; A pulse laser, a laser head connected to the pulse laser can emit a pulse laser beam to act on the base material, and the laser head is mounted on the mechanical arm of the welding robot; A powder feeder, a powder feeding nozzle connected to the powder feeder can add surface metallized ceramic particles to the weld of the base material, and the powder feeding nozzle is mounted on the mechanical arm of the welding robot; When the welding robot moves according to the preset welding speed and welding trajectory, the arc welding gun, magnetic core, laser head and powder feeding nozzle move synchronously under the action of the robotic arm; the frequency of the alternating magnetic field is the same as the frequency of the pulsed laser, and through the synergistic effect between the surface metallized ceramic particles, the alternating magnetic field and the pulsed laser, the alternating magnetic field is adjusted to achieve the alternating magnetic field generating a first force on the ceramic particles during the pulsed laser light emitting stage, and the first force causes the ceramic particles to move toward the bottom of the molten pool; when the pulsed laser is in the non-light emitting stage, the alternating magnetic field generates a second force on the ceramic particles, and the direction of the second force is opposite to the direction of the first force.

2. A high-strength aluminum alloy welding method based on the device of claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1, preparing a plating solution for ceramic particles, and performing surface copper plating on the ceramic particles; Step 2: Clean the base metal to be welded. The base metal is made of high-strength aluminum alloy. Step 3, fix the cleaned base material to be welded, adjust the relative angle and distance between the pulse laser beam and the base material, adjust the relative angle and distance between the arc welding gun and the base material, adjust the relative angle and distance between the powder feeding nozzle and the base material, and adjust the relative position between the alternating magnetic field and the base material, so as to achieve stable coupling between the pulse laser and the arc, and at the same time, the powder feeding nozzle can stably feed the ceramic particles into the molten pool; Step 4, setting the power, laser duty cycle and pulse laser frequency of the pulse laser by a pulse laser, setting the alternating magnetic field strength and frequency by an alternating magnetic field control power supply, making the alternating magnetic field frequency the same as the pulse laser frequency, and setting the alternating magnetic field at the same time, so that when the pulse laser is in the light-emitting stage, the alternating magnetic field generates a first force on the ceramic particles, and the first force causes the ceramic particles to move toward the bottom of the molten pool; when the pulse laser is in the non-light-emitting stage, the alternating magnetic field generates a second force on the ceramic particles, and the direction of the second force is opposite to the direction of the first force; setting the welding arc process parameters by an arc welding power supply, setting the welding speed and welding trajectory by a welding robot, and adjusting the powder feeding speed by a powder feeder; Step 5: Turn on the arc welding power supply, pulse laser, powder feeder, and alternating magnetic field control power supply. After the alternating magnetic field is stable, perform welding according to the settings in step 4.

3. The high-strength aluminum alloy welding method according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the step 1, the ceramic particles are one or a mixture of TiC, TiB2, B4C, and ZrO2 with a particle size of 5 to 15 μm.

4. The high-strength aluminum alloy welding method according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step 1, the composition ratio of the plating solution is: 16 g / L copper sulfate, 25 g / L disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate, and 14 ml / L formaldehyde. The pH value of the plating solution is adjusted to be maintained between 10 and 12 by adding sodium hydroxide.

5. The high-strength aluminum alloy welding method according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step 1, the process of surface copper plating of ceramic particles is as follows: chemical copper plating is performed at a ceramic particle: plating solution ratio of 0.1 to 0.2 g / L; ceramic particles are added to the plating solution in proportion, and mechanical stirring is performed during the adding process. After the reaction is completed, the residual reagent on the surface of the ceramic particles is cleaned with ethanol or acetone solution and then air-dried.

6. The high-strength aluminum alloy welding method according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step 2, the process of cleaning the base material is as follows: using ethanol or acetone organic solvent to remove oil and water vapor on the surface of the base material, then using 1-4wt% NaOH aqueous solution at 40°C to 60°C for cleaning for 5min to 7min, then rinsing with running water, then using 0.5-1wt% HNO3 aqueous solution at 25°C to 35°C for acid washing for 1min to 3min, then rinsing with clean water multiple times to remove residual reagents, and finally air drying or low-temperature drying.

7. The high-strength aluminum alloy welding method according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step 3, it is assumed that the base material is arranged in the horizontal direction, the angle between the pulsed laser beam and the vertical direction is 5° to 10°, the angle between the arc welding gun and the vertical direction is 30° to 40°, the angle between the powder feeding nozzle and the vertical direction is 50° to 60°, the distance between the end of the arc welding gun close to the base material and the base material is 15 to 25 mm, the distance between the end of the powder feeding nozzle close to the base material and the base material is 10 to 15 mm, the wire-powder spacing is 6 to 10 mm, the light wire spacing is 1.5 to 3.5 mm, and the defocus amount of the laser pulse is -1 to +1 mm.

8. The high-strength aluminum alloy welding method according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step 4, the power of the pulsed laser is set to 3000W-5000W, the laser duty cycle is set to 40%-60%, and the pulsed laser frequency is set to 20-300Hz by the pulsed laser; the alternating magnetic field strength is set to 1-100mt and the alternating magnetic field frequency is set to 20-300Hz by the alternating magnetic field control power supply; the powder feeding speed is adjusted by the powder feeder so that the powder feeding gas flow rate is 6L / min-9L / min, and the powder feeding amount is 2.1g / min-3g / min, the arc current is set to 150A-200A by the arc welding power supply, and the welding speed is set to 0.6m / min-1.2m / min by the welding robot.

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