Rapid soil improvement process

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of soil remediation, and particularly discloses a rapid soil improvement process which comprises the steps of parameter acquisition, use amount decision, putting, maintenance monitoring and the like: firstly, calculating various put substances, and then accurately putting the substances into soil work according to the calculated amount; the investment cost of soil improvement can be reduced to the greatest extent after accurate calculation; according to the technology, the half-cooked straw fed in the technology is continuously fermented to the maturing stage in the later period, heat generated by decomposition of the half-cooked straw is beneficial for increasing the soil temperature, substances such as ethyl alcohol are generated, pathogenic bacteria, nematodes and the like in soil can be killed under the action of high temperature and ethyl alcohol, meanwhile, carbon dioxide generated in the straw after-ripening stage can generate air pressure under the film covering condition, and the soil temperature is increased. Original hardened soil blocks are broken through, generated substances such as polysaccharide and natto gum act together with straw fibers to form an aggregate structure, and the soil improvement effect is further improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of soil remediation, and in particular to a rapid soil improvement process. Background Art

[0002] Soil improvement is an important measure in agricultural production to eliminate or prevent adverse factors that affect crop growth and cause soil degradation, improve soil properties, increase soil fertility, and create good soil environmental conditions for crops. In the current engineering soil improvement measures, most implementation cases use commercial organic fertilizers for improvement, but commercial organic fertilizers have problems such as high price, high salt content, and low organic matter content. Straw, as a material rich in organic matter and low in salt content, has a certain soil improvement effect, but due to its high degree of fiberization and slow decomposition rate, its application in engineering soil improvement with a relatively limited implementation cycle is limited. In recent years, with the development of technology, soil improvement technologies such as straw carbonization and returning to the field have also been produced, but because it requires specific equipment for high-temperature treatment, the implementation cost is high. In addition, the chemical activity of straw decreases sharply after the carbonization process, and it cannot effectively provide soil microbial energy and act on soil aggregates, and the improvement effect is limited. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of the defects in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a rapid soil improvement process, which can reduce the improvement input cost as much as possible and have a better improvement effect.

[0004] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a soil rapid improvement process, comprising the following steps;

[0005] S1. Parameter acquisition: According to the national arable land quality rating standard, determine the marginal effect decreasing inflection point of the organic carbon Rongshang function in the area where soil improvement is planned to be implemented, recorded as Oc; the maximum investment funds for soil improvement project are set as Op, and the unit price of semi-mature straw and organic fertilizer to be invested are set as Ps and Pm respectively; semi-mature straw, organic fertilizer and soil are tested respectively, and the nitrogen content in semi-mature straw is set as Ns, the carbon content is set as Cs, and the salt content is set as Ss; the nitrogen content in organic fertilizer is set as Nm, the carbon content is set as Cm, and the salt content is set as Ss; the carbon content in soil is set as Csoil, and the salt content is set as Ssoil; the thickness of the tillage layer of soil is set as D, and the bulk density is set as ρ;

[0006] S2. Usage decision: Assume that the application amount of half-mature straw is Ms and the application amount of organic fertilizer is Mm. Use formula (1) to preliminarily calculate the application amount of organic fertilizer based on the application amount of half-mature straw.

[0007] Formulas (2)-(4) were used to calculate the input of semi-mature straw under the three constraints of organic carbon improvement target, maximum salt concentration and economic input, and the final input of organic fertilizer was obtained according to formula (5).

[0008] S3. Placement and maintenance monitoring: Use a spreader and a rotary tiller to apply the calculated amount of half-mature straw, organic fertilizer and microbial agent into the drip irrigation belt of the soil plow layer, then cover it with plastic film and enter the maintenance and fermentation stage. During the maintenance and fermentation stage, use soil temperature and humidity sensors to monitor the soil temperature and humidity. When the soil humidity is lower than 60% of the field water holding capacity, drip irrigation is used to replenish water. When the accumulated temperature of the soil reaches 1200℃, the maintenance and fermentation is completed.

[0009] In the soil improvement method proposed in the technical scheme, the various types of input materials are first calculated, and then the input is accurately implemented according to the calculated amount to carry out soil work. After accurate calculation, the input cost of soil improvement can be reduced to the maximum extent; the heat generated by the continuous fermentation of the semi-mature straw to the mature stage is beneficial to increase the soil temperature, and produces substances such as ethanol, which can kill pathogenic bacteria and nematodes in the soil under the action of high temperature and ethanol. At the same time, the carbon dioxide produced in the straw post-ripening stage will generate air pressure under the film covering condition, breaking the original compacted soil blocks, and the generated polysaccharides, natto gum and other substances act together with the straw fibers to form the aggregate structure, further improving the soil improvement effect.

[0010] Preferably, in S3, the amount of the microbial agent input is calculated based on more than 200 million effective viable bacteria (CFU) per kilogram of semi-mature straw.

[0011] Preferably, in S3, the drip irrigation tapes of the tillage layer are laid at intervals of 60 cm.

[0012] Preferably, in S3, the bacterial agent includes one or a combination of yeast, Bacillus natto, and acetic acid bacteria.

[0013] Preferably, in S1-S3, the semi-mature straw is the straw fermented at a temperature of 50° C. for 15-20 days.

[0014] Preferably, the plastic film is a colorless and transparent PE film.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the soil improvement method provided by the present invention first calculates various types of input substances, and then accurately implements the input according to the calculated amount to carry out soil work, and after accurate calculation, the input cost of soil improvement can be reduced to the maximum extent; the heat generated by the decomposition of the semi-mature straw during the later stage of continuous fermentation to the mature stage is beneficial to increasing the soil temperature, and produces substances such as ethanol, which can kill pathogenic bacteria and nematodes in the soil under the action of high temperature and ethanol, and at the same time, the carbon dioxide produced in the straw post-ripening stage will generate air pressure under the film covering condition, breaking the original compacted soil blocks, and the generated polysaccharides, natto gum and other substances act together with the straw fibers on the formation of the aggregate structure, further improving the soil improvement effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following is a brief introduction to the drawings required for the specific embodiments or the description of the prior art. In all the drawings, similar elements or parts are generally identified by similar reference numerals. In the drawings, the elements or parts are not necessarily drawn according to the actual scale.

[0017] Figure 1 The present invention provides a flowchart of a rapid soil improvement process according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The following embodiments of the technical solution of the present invention are described in detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and are therefore only used as examples, and cannot be used to limit the protection scope of the present invention.

[0019] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the technical terms or scientific terms used in this application should have the common meanings understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs.

[0020] like Figure 1 As shown, a specific embodiment of the present invention provides a soil rapid improvement process, comprising the following steps:

[0021] Step 1. Parameter acquisition: According to the national arable land quality grade assessment standards, determine the marginal effect decreasing inflection point of the organic carbon Rongshang function in the area where soil improvement is planned to be implemented, denoted as Oc; the maximum investment funds for the soil improvement project are set as Op, and the unit price of semi-mature straw and organic fertilizer required to be invested are set as Ps and Pm respectively.

[0022] Semi-mature straw, organic fertilizer and soil were tested respectively. The nitrogen content in semi-mature straw was set as Ns, the carbon content as Cs and the salt content as Ss; the nitrogen content in organic fertilizer was set as Nm, the carbon content as Cm and the salt content as Ss; the carbon content in soil was set as Csoil and the salt content as Ssoil; the thickness of the tillage layer of soil was D and the bulk density was ρ;

[0023] Step 2. Usage decision: Assume that the application amount of half-mature straw is Ms and the application amount of organic fertilizer is Mm. Use formula (1) to preliminarily calculate the application amount of organic fertilizer based on the application amount of half-mature straw.

[0024] Formulas (2)-(4) were used to calculate the input of semi-mature straw under the three constraints of organic carbon improvement target, maximum salt concentration and economic input, and the final input of organic fertilizer was obtained according to formula (5).

[0025]

[0026] Step 3. Placement and maintenance monitoring: Use a spreader and a rotary tiller to apply the calculated amount of half-mature straw, organic fertilizer and microbial agent into the drip irrigation belt of the soil plow layer, then cover it with plastic film and enter the maintenance and fermentation stage. During the maintenance and fermentation stage, use soil temperature and humidity sensors to monitor the soil temperature and humidity. When the soil humidity is lower than 60% of the field water holding capacity, drip irrigation is used to replenish water. When the accumulated temperature of the soil reaches 1200℃, the maintenance and fermentation is completed.

[0027] In the soil improvement method provided in this embodiment, the various types of substances input are first calculated, and then the input is accurately implemented according to the calculated amount to carry out soil work. After accurate calculation, the input cost of soil improvement can be minimized; the heat generated by the continuous fermentation of the semi-mature straw to the mature stage is beneficial to increase the soil temperature, and produces substances such as ethanol, which can kill pathogenic bacteria and nematodes in the soil under the action of high temperature and ethanol. At the same time, the carbon dioxide produced in the straw post-ripening stage will generate air pressure under the film covering condition, breaking the original compacted soil blocks, and the generated polysaccharides, natto gum and other substances act together with the straw fibers to form the aggregate structure, further improving the soil improvement effect.

[0028] In step 3 of the improved process, the amount of microbial agent input is calculated based on the application of more than 200 million effective live bacteria (CFU) per kilogram of semi-mature straw. The microbial agents input at the same time include one or a combination of yeast, natto bacteria, and acetic acid bacteria. In this way, the use of multiple microbial agents can improve the fermentation quality of various substances after being put into the soil.

[0029] Since various improvement materials need to be put into the drip irrigation tape of the soil, in actual application, in order to improve the improvement effect, the drip irrigation tape of the tillage layer is laid at 60cm intervals. Evenly laying the drip irrigation tape at intervals improves the uniformity of the soil improvement area.

[0030] In soil improvement, the semi-mature straw used refers to the straw that has completed the initial decomposition and has entered the temperature-raising stage, but is not fully decomposed. The identification standard is that the fermentation temperature reaches 50°C and lasts for 15-20 days. In this way, the semi-mature straw can continue to ferment after being put in, and carbon dioxide will be produced during the continuous fermentation, thereby breaking up the original compacted soil blocks in the soil. The polysaccharides, natto gum and other substances produced work together with the straw fibers to form the aggregate structure; at the same time, the semi-mature straw can generate heat in the post-ripening stage, which is beneficial to increase the soil temperature, and produce ethanol and other substances. Under the action of high temperature and ethanol, pathogenic bacteria and nematodes in the soil can be killed, which can reduce production costs by more than 20%-30%; when the plastic film laid on the surface, a colorless and transparent PE film is used.

[0031] The problems with using fully decomposed and unfermented straw are as follows: If fully decomposed straw is used, the following problems will arise: the fermentation time is long and the cost is high, and the heat released by the fully mature straw will be dissipated in the fermentation plant and will not act on the soil; the carbon dioxide it produces will be dissipated, and substances such as polysaccharides and natto gum cannot react with soil aggregates during the fermentation process, and the aggregate promotion effect is poor.

[0032] If unfermented straw is used, the decomposition rate will be slow. High input will cause problems such as soil tillage layer being emptied and competition between microorganisms and crops for nitrogen. Especially when the average input per mu is more than 1 ton, there will be a risk of reduced production, and it will be impossible to significantly increase organic matter in the short term.

[0033] The applicant compared the beneficial effects of the decision-making method of this plan with the conventional soil improvement decision of using only organic fertilizer as a control; the soil data of the test plots are shown in Table 1.

[0034] Table 1

[0035]

[0036] The organic carbon content of the commercial organic fertilizer used for improvement is 38.6%, the nitrogen content is 4.5%, and the salt content is 1.5%; the organic carbon content of semi-mature straw is 44%, the nitrogen content is 0.72%, and the salt content is 0.13%. The unit price of commercial organic fertilizer is 800 yuan / ton, the unit price of semi-mature straw is 500 yuan / ton, and the cost of soil improvement is 1,000 yuan / mu.

[0037] Under the above background, the decision result of conventional decision-making means is to apply 1.25 tons of commercial organic fertilizer per mu, while the decision result of this scheme is to apply 1.27 tons of semi-mature straw per mu and 0.45 tons of commercial organic fertilizer per mu. Soil improvement was implemented with the above input results, and the soil was monitored after implementation. The monitoring results are shown in Table 2.

[0038] Table 2

[0039]

[0040] Therefore, it can be clearly concluded from the above table that this decision-making method can significantly increase the organic carbon storage in the mechanized tillage layer, reduce soil compaction and soil salt storage in the mechanized tillage layer compared with conventional improvement methods under the same investment amount; effectively improve soil compaction and reduce the risk of secondary salinization.

[0041] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein by equivalents. These modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and they should all be included in the scope of the claims and specification of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rapid soil improvement process, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: S1. Parameter acquisition: According to the national arable land quality rating standard, the marginal effect decreasing inflection point of the organic carbon Rongshang function in the area where soil improvement is planned to be implemented is determined, recorded as Oc; the maximum investment funds for soil improvement projects are set as Op, and the unit prices of semi-mature straw and organic fertilizer to be invested are set as Ps and Pm respectively; Semi-mature straw, organic fertilizer and soil were tested respectively. The nitrogen content in semi-mature straw was set as Ns, the carbon content as Cs and the salt content as Ss; the nitrogen content in organic fertilizer was set as Nm, the carbon content as Cm and the salt content as Ss; the carbon content in soil was set as Csoil and the salt content as Ssoil; the thickness of the tillage layer of soil was D and the bulk density was ρ; S2. Usage decision: Assume that the application amount of half-mature straw is Ms and the application amount of organic fertilizer is Mm. Use formula (1) to preliminarily calculate the application amount of organic fertilizer based on the application amount of half-mature straw. Formulas (2)-(4) were used to calculate the input of semi-mature straw under the three constraints of organic carbon improvement target, maximum salt concentration and economic input, and the final input of organic fertilizer was obtained according to formula (5); ； S3. Placement and maintenance monitoring: Use a spreader and a rotary tiller to apply the calculated amount of half-mature straw, organic fertilizer and microbial agent into the drip irrigation belt of the soil plow layer, then cover it with plastic film and enter the maintenance and fermentation stage. During the maintenance and fermentation stage, use soil temperature and humidity sensors to monitor the soil temperature and humidity. When the soil humidity is lower than 60% of the field water holding capacity, drip irrigation is used to replenish water. When the accumulated temperature of the soil reaches 1200℃, the maintenance and fermentation is completed.

2. The rapid soil improvement process according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S3, the amount of microbial agent input is calculated based on the application of more than 200 million effective live bacteria (CFU) per kilogram of semi-mature straw.

3. The rapid soil improvement process according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S3, drip irrigation tapes were laid at 60 cm intervals in the tillage layer.

4. The rapid soil improvement process according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S3, the bacterial agent includes one or a combination of yeast, natto bacteria, and acetic acid bacteria.

5. The rapid soil improvement process according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S1-S3, the semi-mature straw is the straw fermented at a temperature of 50°C for 15-20 days.

6. The rapid soil improvement process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plastic film is a colorless and transparent PE film.

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