Claus tail gas purification system and method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of coking tail gas treatment, in particular to a Claus tail gas purification system and method. Comprising a residual ammonia water tank, a tar remover, a washer, a wastewater heat exchanger and an ammonia still which are sequentially connected through pipelines, the dephlegmator is fixedly connected to the top of the ammonia still; a pipeline for connecting the tar remover and the scrubber extends into the scrubber, a spray head is arranged at the end part of the pipeline, and the spraying direction of the spray head is opposite to the tail gas direction; and the scrubber adopts cyclone separation for demisting. The invention can effectively purify Claus tail gas and reduce corrosion of ammonia water system and gas system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of coking tail gas treatment, and in particular to a Claus tail gas purification system and method. Background Art

[0002] The AS desulfurization process is one of the commonly used processes in coking production. In this process, the tail gas of the Claus system cannot be discharged directly into the atmosphere, but needs to enter the raw gas pipeline before the primary cooler for circulation. Since the tail gas has a high temperature, directly entering the raw gas pipeline will affect the flow state of the gas-liquid mixture in the pipeline. Therefore, a tail gas cooler is usually installed on the coal gas suction pipeline to spray ammonia water to cool the tail gas, and then the ammonia water returns to the ammonia water tank.

[0003] Since there are impurities such as SO2, SO3, and H2S in the tail gas, the impurities are washed by ammonia water through spraying, and the corrosive medium in the gas is reduced, but there is free acid in the ammonia water. After the ammonia water returns to the ammonia water tank, it will cause corrosion to the entire ammonia water system. At the same time, after the gas is washed with ammonia water, the reaction is incomplete or liquid is entrained into the gas system, which will cause corrosion to the gas system. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to overcome the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a Claus tail gas purification system and method, which purifies Claus tail gas and reduces corrosion of ammonia system and coal gas system.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] A Claus tail gas purification system comprises a residual ammonia water tank, a detarrifier, a scrubber, a wastewater heat exchanger and an ammonia still tower which are connected in sequence through pipelines; further comprising a de-expander which is fixedly connected to the top of the ammonia still tower; a pipeline connecting the detarrifier and the scrubber extends into the scrubber, and a nozzle is provided at the end of the pipeline, and the spraying direction of the nozzle is opposite to the direction of the tail gas; the scrubber adopts cyclone separation to demist.

[0007] Furthermore, the residual ammonia water tank comprises a tank body, a first ammonia water inlet, a partition and a first ammonia water outlet; the first ammonia water inlet and the first ammonia water outlet are fixedly connected to the side wall of the tank body, and the partition is vertically fixed in the tank body.

[0008] Furthermore, the detarrifier includes a second ammonia water inlet, a head, a cylinder, a fiber bed agglomeration layer, a corrugated plate separation layer, a light tar outlet, a second ammonia water outlet, and a heavy tar outlet. The cylinder is arranged in a horizontal direction, and the head is fixed to both ends of the cylinder; the fiber bed agglomeration layer and the corrugated plate separation layer are arranged in the cylinder, and the light tar outlet and the heavy tar outlet are fixed to the cylinder wall of the cylinder; the second ammonia water inlet and the second ammonia water outlet are respectively fixed to the heads at both ends.

[0009] Furthermore, the scrubber includes an exhaust gas inlet pipe, an exhaust gas outlet pipe, a scrubber cylinder, a third ammonia water inlet, a power wave nozzle, a scrubber baffle, a cone tube, a straight tube and a third ammonia water outlet. The exhaust gas inlet pipe is divided into a vertical section, a curved section and a horizontal section. The third ammonia water inlet is fixedly connected to the vertical section and is connected to the power wave nozzle pipeline. The power wave nozzle is arranged in the vertical section and the nozzle faces upward. The horizontal section is connected to the side wall of the scrubber cylinder and enters the scrubber cylinder tangentially. The scrubber baffle and cone tube are fixedly connected to the scrubber cylinder, and the straight tube is fixedly connected to the bottom of the cone tube. The third ammonia water outlet is fixedly connected to the side wall of the scrubber cylinder, and the exhaust gas outlet pipe is fixedly connected to the top of the scrubber cylinder.

[0010] Furthermore, the ammonia distillation tower comprises a tower body, and a wastewater outlet, a steam inlet, an alkali solution inlet and a fourth ammonia solution inlet are provided on the tower body.

[0011] Furthermore, the expander adopts a fixed tube sheet heat exchanger, the lower part of which is connected to the ammonia distillation tower through a flange, and the upper part is provided with an ammonia outlet.

[0012] Furthermore, the wastewater outlet of the ammonia distillation tower is connected to the inlet pipe of the wastewater heat exchanger, and a wastewater pump is provided on the connected pipe.

[0013] Furthermore, an ammonia pump is provided on the pipeline connecting the scrubber and the wastewater heat exchanger.

[0014] A Claus tail gas purification method is implemented based on the above-mentioned Claus tail gas purification system, and specifically comprises the following steps:

[0015] 1) Ammonia water enters one side of the partition of the residual ammonia water tank, and after sedimentation, enters the other side of the partition to remove some impurities;

[0016] 2) Then it is pumped to the detarrifier by an ammonia water pump, and the small tar droplets entrained in the pressurized ammonia water gradually coalesce into larger droplets through the fiber bed coalescing layer, and enter the corrugated plate separation layer, where the larger droplets coalesce into large droplets. After leaving the corrugated plate separation layer, the large droplets of tar settle, the heavy tar settles downward and is discharged along the heavy tar discharge port, the light tar floats upward and is discharged through the light tar discharge port, and the ammonia water with tar removed is discharged from the second ammonia water outlet;

[0017] 3) The purified ammonia water is sprayed through the power wave nozzle in the straight pipe section, and contacts with the tail gas in countercurrent, completing the absorption reaction and cooling;

[0018] 4) The tail gas after absorption enters the scrubber tangentially, and the gas rotates downward along the tangential direction. The airflow changes from linear motion to circular motion. Centrifugal force is generated during the rotation process, and the droplets are thrown to the cylinder wall and flow downward to the bottom cone tube by gravity and enter the lower space of the scrubber;

[0019] 5) When the rotating downward airflow reaches the cone tube, it moves closer to the center due to the contraction of the cone. When it reaches the lower part of the cone tube, the rotation direction of the gas changes from downward to upward, and continues to flow in a spiral shape, entering the tail gas outlet pipe, removing impurities and droplets, and sending the cooled tail gas to the raw gas pipeline in front of the primary cooler;

[0020] 6) After the ammonia water flows along the scrubber baffle, it flows into one side of the baffle and is pumped to the wastewater heat exchanger by the ammonia water pump. After heat exchange, it enters the ammonia evaporation tower and mixes with the alkali solution to decompose the fixed ammonium salt. Under the action of the lower steam, the ammonia gas goes upward into the expander and enters the next stage. The high-temperature ammonia evaporation wastewater is pumped to the wastewater heat exchanger by the wastewater pump to exchange heat with the ammonia water and is sent to the sewage treatment system after cooling.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] 1. The present invention includes a residual ammonia water tank, a detarrifier, a scrubber, a wastewater heat exchanger and an ammonia still tower which are sequentially connected by pipelines. The residual ammonia water tank and the detarrifier are used to purify the ammonia water. The purified ammonia water is directly absorbed with the tail gas by using a large flux of ammonia water, and then directly enters the ammonia still tower for distillation, thereby reducing the corrosion of the ammonia water system by the circulating absorption. In addition, the scrubber adopts cyclone separation and demisting to reduce the liquid entrained in the tail gas, thereby reducing the corrosion of the subsequent gas system.

[0023] 2. The detarrifier of the present invention is provided with a fiber bed coalescing layer and a corrugated plate separation layer. The small tar droplets entrained in the pressurized ammonia water gradually coalesce into larger droplets through the fiber bed coalescing layer and enter the corrugated plate separation layer. The larger droplets coalesce into large droplets. After leaving the corrugated plate separation layer, the large droplets of tar settle, the heavy tar settles downward and is discharged along the heavy tar discharge port, and the light tar floats upward and is discharged through the light tar discharge port. After sedimentation, the heavy tar and light tar are separated to ensure the stable operation of the subsequent system.

[0024] 3. The scrubber of the present invention adopts a dynamic wave nozzle, through which ammonia water is sprayed, countercurrently contacts with the tail gas, completes the absorption reaction, and cools down. The ammonia water sprayed from the dynamic wave nozzle contacts with the tail gas in reverse, and the gas and liquid phases collide in reverse at high speed. When the momentum of the gas and liquid phases reaches equilibrium, a highly turbulent foam zone is formed, with a large contact surface area, and these contact surfaces are constantly and rapidly renewed, achieving the effect of efficient absorption. The use of a large-pore dynamic wave nozzle ensures that the equipment is not blocked during the spraying of ammonia water and the reaction is complete.

[0025] 4. The tail gas inlet pipe of the scrubber of the present invention enters the scrubber cylinder tangentially, the conical tube is fixed inside the scrubber cylinder, the straight tube is fixed to the bottom of the conical tube, and the tail gas outlet pipe is fixed to the top of the scrubber cylinder. The tail gas after absorption enters the scrubber tangentially, and the gas rotates downward along the tangential direction. The airflow changes from linear motion to circular motion. Centrifugal force is generated during the rotation process, and the droplets are thrown to the cylinder wall. They flow downward to the bottom conical tube by gravity and enter the lower space of the scrubber. When the downward rotating airflow reaches the conical tube, it moves closer to the center due to the contraction of the cone. When it reaches the lower part of the conical tube, the rotation direction of the gas changes from downward to upward, and it continues to flow in a spiral direction and enters the tail gas outlet pipe. The tail gas that has been removed of impurities and droplets and cooled enters the raw gas pipeline in front of the primary cooler for circulation, thereby reducing tail gas emissions, achieving environmental protection purposes, reducing liquid entrained in the tail gas, and reducing subsequent gas system corrosion. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure and the front view of the process principle of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 2 for Figure 1 AA section view.

[0028] In the figure: 1-first ammonia water pump 2-residual ammonia water tank 21-tank body 22-first ammonia water inlet 23-partition 24-first ammonia water outlet 3-tar remover 31-second ammonia water inlet 32-head 33-cylinder body 34-fiber bed agglomeration layer 35-corrugated plate separation layer 36-light tar outlet 37-second ammonia water outlet 38-heavy tar outlet 4-scrubber 41-vertical section 42-bend section 43-horizontal section 44-power wave nozzle 45-third ammonia Water inlet 46- tail gas outlet pipe 47- cover plate 48- scrubber cylinder 49- cone tube 410- straight tube 411- third ammonia water outlet 412- scrubber baffle 413- scrubber head 414- first vent 415- second vent 416- skirt 5- second ammonia water pump 6- wastewater heat exchanger 7- fractionator 8- ammonia distillation tower 81- tray 82- wastewater outlet 83- steam inlet 84- alkali solution inlet 85- fourth ammonia water inlet 9- wastewater pump DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in combination with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is actually only illustrative and is by no means intended to limit the present invention and its application or use. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms “center”, “longitudinal”, “lateral”, “length”, “width”, “thickness”, “up”, “down”, “left”, “right”, “vertical”, “horizontal”, “top”, “bottom”, “inside”, “outside”, “axial”, “radial”, “circumferential”, etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0031] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0032] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments, and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present invention. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprise" and / or "include" are used in this specification, it indicates the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components and / or combinations thereof.

[0033] Unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement of the parts and steps described in these embodiments, the numerical expressions and numerical values ​​do not limit the scope of the present invention. At the same time, it should be clear that, for ease of description, the sizes of the various parts shown in the drawings are not drawn according to the actual proportional relationship. The technology, methods and equipment known to ordinary technicians in the relevant field may not be discussed in detail, but in appropriate cases, the technology, methods and equipment should be regarded as part of the authorization specification. In all examples shown and discussed here, any specific value should be interpreted as merely exemplary, rather than as a limitation. Therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that similar numbers and letters represent similar items in the following drawings, so once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further discussed in subsequent drawings.

[0034] In addition, it should be noted that the use of terms such as "first" and "second" to limit components is only for the convenience of distinguishing the corresponding components. If not otherwise stated, the above terms have no special meaning and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0035] [Example]

[0036] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, a Claus tail gas purification system includes a first ammonia water pump 1, a residual ammonia water tank 2, a detarrifier 3, a scrubber 4, a second ammonia water pump 5, a wastewater heat exchanger 6, a fractionator 7, an ammonia distillation tower 8 and a wastewater pump 9.

[0037] The residual ammonia water tank 2 includes a tank body 21, a first ammonia water inlet 22, a partition 23 and a first ammonia water outlet 24. The first ammonia water inlet 22 is fixed to the side wall of the tank body 21 and is located on the right side. The first ammonia water outlet 24 is fixed to the side wall of the tank body 21 and is located on the left side. The partition 23 is vertically fixed to the tank body 21. Ammonia water enters the tank body on the right side of the partition 23, and after sedimentation, it enters the tank body on the left side of the partition 23 through the partition 23 to remove some impurities such as tar.

[0038] The detarrifier 3 includes a second ammonia water inlet 31, a head 32, a cylinder 33, a fiber bed agglomeration layer 34, a corrugated plate separation layer 35, a light tar outlet 36, a second ammonia water outlet 37, and a heavy tar outlet 38. The cylinder 33 is a cylinder with a horizontal axis, and two heads 32 are fixed to the left and right ends of the cylinder 33 respectively. The fiber bed agglomeration layer 34 and the corrugated plate separation layer 35 are fixed in the cylinder 33, the second ammonia water inlet 31 is fixed to the right head 32, the second ammonia water outlet 37 is fixed to the left head 32, the light tar outlet 36 is fixed to the upper part of the cylinder wall of the cylinder 33, and the heavy tar outlet 38 is fixed to the lower part of the cylinder 33.

[0039] The small tar droplets entrained in the ammonia water gradually coalesce into larger droplets after passing through the fiber bed coalescing layer 34 and enter the corrugated plate separation layer 35. The larger droplets coalesce into large droplets. After leaving the corrugated plate separation layer 35, the large tar droplets settle, the heavy tar settles downward and is discharged along the heavy tar discharge port 38, the light tar floats upward and is discharged through the light tar discharge port 36, and the ammonia water with tar removed is discharged from the second ammonia water outlet 37.

[0040] The first ammonia water outlet 24 is connected to the inlet pipeline of the first ammonia water pump 1 , and the outlet of the first ammonia water pump 1 is connected to the second ammonia water inlet 31 pipeline.

[0041] The scrubber 4 includes an exhaust gas inlet pipe, which is divided into a vertical section 41, a curved section 42 and a horizontal section 43. It also includes a power wave nozzle 44, a third ammonia water inlet 45, an exhaust gas outlet pipe 46, a cover plate 47, a scrubber cylinder 48, a cone pipe 49, a straight pipe 410, a third ammonia water outlet 411, a scrubber baffle 412, a scrubber head 413, a first vent 414, a second vent 415 and a skirt 416.

[0042] The third ammonia water inlet 45 is fixed to the vertical section 41 and connected to the pipeline of the power wave nozzle 44. The power wave nozzle 44 is arranged in the vertical section 41, and the nozzle faces upward. The horizontal section 43 is connected to the side wall of the scrubber cylinder 48 and enters the scrubber cylinder 48 tangentially. The scrubber head 413 is fixed to the bottom of the scrubber cylinder 48, the cover plate 47 is fixed to the top surface of the scrubber cylinder 48, and the scrubber head 413 is fixed to the skirt 416. The tail gas outlet pipe 46 is coaxial with the scrubber cylinder 48, is vertically fixed to the center of the cover plate 47, and the lower part extends into the scrubber cylinder 48.

[0043] The conical tube 49 is fixed to the inner wall of the scrubber cylinder 48, and the straight tube 410 is fixed to the bottom of the conical tube 49. The scrubber partition 412 is vertically fixed in the scrubber cylinder 48 and fixed to the scrubber head 413. The first vent 414 and the second vent 415 are fixed to the scrubber head 413. The first vent 414 is located at the bottom end of the scrubber head 413, and the second vent 415 is located between the scrubber partition 412 and the scrubber cylinder 48.

[0044] The third ammonia water outlet 411 is fixed to the lower part of the scrubber barrel 48, and is connected to the inlet pipeline of the second ammonia water pump 5, and the outlet of the second ammonia water pump 5 is connected to the pipeline of the wastewater heat exchanger 6. The third ammonia water inlet 45 is connected to the second ammonia water outlet 37 of the detarrifier 3 by pipeline.

[0045] At the straight pipe section 41, ammonia water is sprayed through the power wave nozzle 44, and contacts with the exhaust gas in countercurrent to complete the absorption reaction. The ammonia water is separated by a cyclone, and the exhaust gas is purified and defogged before being discharged upward. The ammonia water passes through the scrubber cylinder 48 and goes downward into the bottom of the cylinder. After sedimentation, it flows into the left side of the scrubber partition 412 and flows out from the third ammonia water outlet 411.

[0046] The ammonia still 8 includes a tower body, a tower tray 81 is provided in the tower body, and a wastewater outlet 82, a steam inlet 83, an alkali solution inlet 84 and a fourth ammonia water inlet 85 are provided on the tower body. The wastewater outlet 82 is connected to the inlet pipe of the wastewater pump 9, and the outlet of the wastewater pump 9 is connected to the inlet pipe of the wastewater heat exchanger 6. The wastewater heat exchanger 6 is connected to the fourth ammonia water inlet 85. The wastewater heat exchanger 6 uses the wastewater discharged from the ammonia still 8 to heat the ammonia water.

[0047] The reducer 7 adopts a fixed tube sheet heat exchanger, the lower part of which is connected to the top of the ammonia distillation tower 8 through a flange, and an ammonia outlet 71 is provided at the top of the reducer 7.

[0048] A Claus tail gas purification method is implemented based on the above-mentioned Claus tail gas purification system, and is specifically as follows:

[0049] Ammonia water enters the right side of the partition 23 of the residual ammonia water tank, and after sedimentation, enters the left side of the partition 23 through the partition 23, and removes some impurities such as tar. It is sent to the detarrifier 3 through the ammonia water pump 1, and the small tar droplets entrained in the pressurized ammonia water gradually coalesce into larger droplets through the fiber bed coalescing layer 34, and enter the corrugated plate separation layer 35. The larger droplets coalesce into large droplets. After leaving the corrugated plate separation layer 35, the large droplets of tar settle, the heavy tar settles downward, and is discharged along the heavy tar discharge port 38, the light tar floats upward, and is discharged through the light tar discharge port 36, and the ammonia water with tar removed is discharged from the second ammonia water outlet 37.

[0050] After purification, the ammonia water is sprayed at the vertical section 41 through the power wave nozzle 44, and contacts with the tail gas in countercurrent, completes the absorption reaction, and cools down. The ammonia water sprayed by the power wave nozzle contacts with the tail gas in reverse direction, and the gas and liquid phases collide in reverse direction at high speed. When the momentum of the gas and liquid phases reaches equilibrium, a highly turbulent foam zone is formed, with a large contact surface area, and these contact surfaces are constantly and rapidly renewed, achieving the effect of efficient absorption. The large-pore power wave nozzle is used to ensure that the equipment is not blocked during the spraying of ammonia water.

[0051] After the absorption, the tail gas enters the scrubber cylinder 48 tangentially, and the gas rotates downward along the tangential direction, and the airflow changes from linear motion to circular motion. Centrifugal force is generated during the rotation process, and the droplets are thrown to the cylinder wall, and flow downward to the bottom cone tube 49 by gravity, and enter the lower space of the scrubber. When the rotating downward airflow reaches the cone tube 49, it moves closer to the center due to the contraction of the cone. When it reaches the lower part of the cone tube 49, the rotation direction of the gas changes from downward to upward, and continues to flow in a spiral direction, entering the straight tube 410, removing impurities and droplets, and the cooled tail gas enters the raw gas pipeline in front of the primary cooler, and circulates to reduce tail gas emissions, achieving environmental protection purposes.

[0052] Ammonia water is deposited at the bottom of the scrubber, and impurities such as tar are discharged through the first vent 414. The scrubber partition 412 acts as a liquid seal. Ammonia water flows along the scrubber partition 412 and then flows into the left side of the scrubber partition 412. It is sent to the wastewater heat exchanger 6 by the second ammonia water pump 5 for heat exchange and then enters the ammonia evaporation tower 8. After mixing with the alkali solution, it decomposes the fixed ammonium salt. Under the action of the lower steam, ammonia gas goes upward into the reducer 7 and enters the next stage. Impurities such as asphalt at the bottom of the ammonia evaporation tower are discharged through the vent. The high-temperature ammonia evaporation wastewater is sent to the wastewater heat exchanger 6 by the wastewater pump 9 for heat exchange with ammonia water, and then sent to the sewage treatment system after further cooling.

[0053] The present invention utilizes purified ammonia water, adopts large-flux ammonia water to directly absorb with tail gas, and then directly enters into ammonia still 8 for distillation, thereby reducing the corrosion of ammonia water system by circulating absorption. Ammonia water passes through fiber bed agglomeration layer 34 and corrugated plate separation layer in detarrifier 3, and after sedimentation, heavy tar and light tar are separated, thereby ensuring the stable operation of subsequent system. Scrubber 4 adopts power wave nozzle 44 to reduce blockage and complete reaction, and adopts cyclone demisting to reduce liquid entrained in tail gas and reduce corrosion of subsequent coal gas system. The present invention can effectively purify Claus tail gas and reduce corrosion of ammonia water system and coal gas system at the same time.

[0054] The above descriptions are only some specific implementation methods of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical solutions and inventive concepts of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, and they should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A Claus tail gas purification system, characterized in that: It includes a residual ammonia water tank, a detarrifier, a scrubber, a wastewater heat exchanger and an ammonia distillation tower which are sequentially connected by pipelines; It also includes a fractionator, which is fixedly connected to the top of the ammonia distillation tower; The pipe connecting the detarrifier and the scrubber extends into the scrubber, and a nozzle is provided at the end of the pipe, and the spraying direction of the nozzle is opposite to the direction of the exhaust gas; The scrubber adopts cyclone separation to remove mist.

2. A Claus tail gas purification system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The residual ammonia water tank comprises a tank body, a first ammonia water inlet, a partition plate and a first ammonia water outlet; The first ammonia water inlet and the first ammonia water outlet are fixedly connected to the side wall of the tank body, and the partition is vertically fixedly connected to the tank body.

3. The Claus tail gas purification system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The detarrifier comprises a second ammonia water inlet, a head, a cylinder, a fiber bed agglomeration layer, a corrugated plate separation layer, a light tar discharge outlet, a second ammonia water outlet, and a heavy tar discharge outlet; The cylinder is arranged horizontally, and the heads are fixedly connected to the two ends of the cylinder; the fiber bed agglomeration layer and the corrugated plate separation layer are arranged in the cylinder, and the light tar discharge outlet and the heavy tar discharge outlet are fixedly connected to the cylinder wall of the cylinder; the second ammonia water inlet and the second ammonia water outlet are respectively fixedly connected to the heads at both ends.

4. The Claus tail gas purification system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The scrubber comprises an exhaust gas inlet pipe, an exhaust gas outlet pipe, a scrubber cylinder, a third ammonia water inlet, a power wave nozzle, a scrubber baffle, a cone pipe, a straight pipe and a third ammonia water outlet; The tail gas inlet pipe is divided into a vertical section, a curved section and a horizontal section. The third ammonia water inlet is fixedly connected to the vertical section and is connected to the power wave nozzle pipeline. The power wave nozzle is arranged in the vertical section and the nozzle faces upward. The horizontal section is connected to the side wall of the scrubber cylinder and enters the scrubber cylinder tangentially. The scrubber partition and cone tube are fixedly connected to the scrubber cylinder, and the straight tube is fixedly connected to the bottom of the cone tube; the third ammonia water outlet is fixedly connected to the side wall of the scrubber cylinder, and the tail gas outlet pipe is fixedly connected to the top of the scrubber cylinder.

5. The Claus tail gas purification system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ammonia distillation tower comprises a tower body, on which a wastewater outlet, a steam inlet, an alkali solution inlet and a fourth ammonia solution inlet are arranged.

6. The Claus tail gas purification system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reducer adopts a fixed tube sheet heat exchanger, the lower part of which is connected to the ammonia distillation tower through a flange, and the upper part is provided with an ammonia outlet.

7. The Claus tail gas purification system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wastewater outlet of the ammonia distillation tower is connected to the inlet pipeline of the wastewater heat exchanger, and a wastewater pump is arranged on the connected pipeline.

8. The Claus tail gas purification system according to claim 1, characterized in that: An ammonia pump is arranged on the pipeline connecting the scrubber and the wastewater heat exchanger.

9. A Claus tail gas purification method, implemented based on a Claus tail gas purification system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The specific steps include: 1) Ammonia water enters one side of the partition of the residual ammonia water tank, and after sedimentation, enters the other side of the partition to remove some impurities; 2) Then it is pumped to the detarrifier by an ammonia water pump, and the small tar droplets entrained in the pressurized ammonia water gradually coalesce into larger droplets through the fiber bed coalescing layer, and enter the corrugated plate separation layer, where the larger droplets coalesce into large droplets. After leaving the corrugated plate separation layer, the large droplets of tar settle, the heavy tar settles downward and is discharged along the heavy tar discharge port, the light tar floats upward and is discharged through the light tar discharge port, and the ammonia water with tar removed is discharged from the second ammonia water outlet; 3) The purified ammonia water is sprayed through the power wave nozzle in the straight pipe section, and contacts with the tail gas in countercurrent, completing the absorption reaction and cooling; 4) The tail gas after absorption enters the scrubber tangentially, and the gas rotates downward along the tangential direction. The airflow changes from linear motion to circular motion. Centrifugal force is generated during the rotation process, and the droplets are thrown to the cylinder wall and flow downward to the bottom cone tube by gravity and enter the lower space of the scrubber; 5) When the rotating downward airflow reaches the cone tube, it moves closer to the center due to the contraction of the cone. When it reaches the lower part of the cone tube, the rotation direction of the gas changes from downward to upward, and continues to flow in a spiral shape, entering the tail gas outlet pipe, removing impurities and droplets, and sending the cooled tail gas to the raw gas pipeline in front of the primary cooler; 6) After the ammonia water flows along the scrubber baffle, it flows into one side of the baffle and is pumped to the wastewater heat exchanger by the ammonia water pump. After heat exchange, it enters the ammonia evaporation tower and mixes with the alkali solution to decompose the fixed ammonium salt. Under the action of the lower steam, the ammonia gas goes upward into the expander and enters the next stage. The high-temperature ammonia evaporation wastewater is pumped to the wastewater heat exchanger by the wastewater pump to exchange heat with the ammonia water and is sent to the sewage treatment system after cooling.

Images