Double-shaft differential coupling straw smashing and returning machine

Abstract

The invention discloses a double-shaft differential coupling straw smashing and returning machine which comprises a machine frame, a housing is fixed to the machine frame, and a front picking and smashing component and a rear fine smashing component which are arranged front and back are installed in the housing; the front picking and crushing part comprises a picking and crushing knife roll and a first fixed knife fixed in the housing; the rear fine crushing part comprises a rear crushing knife roll and a second fixed knife fixed in the housing; the rotating speed of the picking and crushing knife roll is lower than that of the rear crushing knife roll; the driving torques of the pick-up crushing knife roll and the rear crushing knife roll can be respectively detected, and the control system can change the rotation speed ratio of the pick-up crushing knife roll and the rear crushing knife roll according to the driving torques. According to the straw smashing device, through the differential design of the front picking and smashing knife roller and the rear smashing knife roller and the control system capable of adjusting the rotating speed ratio, optimized combination of straw smashing efficiency and fineness is achieved, and intelligent adaptation can be achieved according to straw load changes by detecting the driving torque of the front picking and smashing knife roller and the rear picking and smashing knife roller and dynamically adjusting the rotating speed ratio.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of crop straw processing, in particular to a double-shaft differential coupling straw crushing and returning machine to the field. Background Art

[0002] Corn is an important food crop in my country. As one of the main production areas, the Huanghuaihai region has a huge output of corn stalks. Although the technology of mechanical deep plowing and fine field return is vigorously promoted, the mechanized crushing and field return of corn stalks faces many problems in the corn-wheat rotation model.

[0003] In the prior art, patents such as CN209693502U disclose a fling knife type picker with front and rear double shafts. In this patent, there are axle tubes 1 and 2 arranged in front and back, and both axle tubes 1 and 2 are connected to a gear box, which is connected to the drive system of the tractor. During operation, the hammer claw knife on axle tube 1 picks up the straw and performs preliminary crushing operations, and the blade on axle tube 2 cooperates with the fixed vertical knife to further crush the straw. This patent has the following problems: (1) Axle tubes 1 and 2 operate synchronously, and the crushing effect of the straw is poor. It is difficult to adjust the operation of the machine according to the amount of picked straw, and it is difficult to meet the complex situation of the amount of picked straw being more or less during the operation; (2) During operation, there will be uneven distribution of straw, especially for axle tube 2, the uneven distribution of straw materials will affect the crushing effect of the straw. Summary of the invention

[0004] Purpose of the invention: In order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a dual-axis differential coupling straw crushing and returning machine that can take into account both crushing efficiency and fineness and achieve intelligent adaptation according to changes in straw load.

[0005] Technical solution: To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the dual-axis differential coupling straw crushing and returning machine of the present invention comprises a frame, a cover shell is fixed on the frame, and a front picking and crushing component and a rear fine crushing component of a front and rear layout are installed in the cover shell; the front picking and crushing component comprises a picking and crushing knife roller and a first fixed knife fixed in the cover shell; the rear fine crushing component comprises a rear crushing knife roller and a second fixed knife fixed in the cover shell;

[0006] The rotation speed of the picking-up and crushing blade roller is lower than that of the rear crushing blade roller; the driving torques of the picking-up and crushing blade roller and the rear crushing blade roller can be detected respectively, and the control system can change the rotation speed ratio of the two according to the driving torques of the two.

[0007] In the above-mentioned straw crushing and returning machine, the optimal combination of straw crushing efficiency and fineness is achieved by setting the differential design of the front picking crushing roller and the rear crushing roller, as well as the control system with adjustable speed ratio. The front picking crushing roller performs preliminary crushing and picking at a lower speed to avoid blockage or straw loss caused by high speed, while the rear crushing roller performs deep crushing at a higher speed to ensure a fine and uniform crushing effect. At the same time, by detecting the driving torque of the two and dynamically adjusting the speed ratio, intelligent adaptation can be achieved according to the changes in straw load, avoiding equipment damage caused by overload or torque imbalance, and improving the stability and operating efficiency of the system.

[0008] Furthermore, a transmission box is installed on the frame, and the transmission box has a first longitudinal axis whose front end is connected to the PTO output shaft of the tractor, and also has a first transverse axis and a second longitudinal axis, and the first longitudinal axis transmits power to the first transverse axis and the second longitudinal axis through a first bevel gear set; a first transmission mechanism and a first torque sensor are connected between the end of the first transverse axis and the end of the picking and crushing knife roller, and the second transmission mechanism can be in the form of a belt transmission mechanism, a chain transmission mechanism, a gear transmission mechanism, etc.;

[0009] The rear end of the second longitudinal axis is connected to a gearbox, which has a second bevel gear set, a second transverse axis and a third transverse axis; the second bevel gear set transmits the power of the second longitudinal axis to the second transverse axis; a plurality of gear sets with different transmission ratios are connected between the second transverse axis and the third transverse axis, each gear set includes a first gear mounted on the second transverse axis and a second gear fixed on the third transverse axis, the number of teeth of all first gears is different from each other, and the number of teeth of all second gears is different from each other; the gearbox also includes an engagement control mechanism for engaging one of the gear sets; a second transmission mechanism and a second torque sensor are connected between the end of the third transverse axis and the end of the rear crushing knife roller, and the second transmission mechanism can be in the form of a belt transmission mechanism, a chain transmission mechanism, a gear transmission mechanism, etc.

[0010] Through the above structure, by setting up a transmission box and a gearbox, and through the coupling mechanism, the transmission ratio of the gearbox can be switched between multiple values ​​as needed, so that the speed ratio between the picking and crushing knife roller and the rear crushing knife roller can be changed, so that the straw can be fully crushed in the crushing chamber, while avoiding the occurrence of blockage and overload.

[0011] Specifically, the second transverse axis is a hollow axis with an axial hole, and the engagement mechanism includes a sphere arranged corresponding to each first gear, the sphere can move in the radial direction of the second transverse axis, and the center hole of each first gear has a groove for the sphere to be placed; the engagement mechanism also includes a joystick that can slide along the axial hole, the end of the joystick has an ejector that is larger than the diameter of the joystick, and the ejector can only engage one first gear with its corresponding sphere at the same time, and the joystick is driven to move by an electric push rod.

[0012] Further, the two ends of the first horizontal axis are connected to the two ends of the picking and crushing knife roller through the first transmission mechanism and the first torque sensor respectively, and the picking and crushing knife roller is composed of left and right parts, and the two parts are connected to rotate relative to each other;

[0013] The two ends of the third horizontal axis are connected to the two ends of the rear crushing roller through the second transmission mechanism and the second torque sensor respectively, and the rear crushing roller consists of two left and right parts, which are connected to rotate relative to each other;

[0014] A lateral conveying mechanism is provided between the front picking-up and crushing component and the rear fine crushing component.

[0015] Due to the uneven distribution of straw in the field, the straw picked up by the picking and crushing roller is uneven on the left and right, which will result in more straw on one side and less straw on the other side. Through the above mechanism, the control system can judge the uniformity of the distribution of straw in the axial direction of the picking and crushing roller according to the difference in torque data collected by the two first torque sensors. When the difference in torque data of the two first torque sensors exceeds the set threshold, the material is transported laterally through the lateral transmission mechanism, and the effect of the lateral adjustment is judged based on the torque data of the two second torque sensors. In this way, not only can the pressure of the rear crushing roller in processing straw be reduced, but also the uniformity of returning straw to the field in the left and right directions can be ensured.

[0016] Furthermore, the lateral conveying mechanism includes a material trough and a lateral conveying mechanism capable of performing lateral shifting operations.

[0017] Specifically, the transverse conveying mechanism includes a transverse conveying belt and a plurality of transverse conveying members moving with the transverse conveying belt; the material trough is also equipped with an air blowing mechanism for blowing the material backwards, and the air blowing mechanism has a plurality of air blowing nozzles arranged in the left and right directions. In this way, the material can be conveyed left and right as needed, and the air blowing mechanism can blow out the material in the material trough to achieve a reasonable distribution of the material. The air blowing nozzles of the air blowing mechanism can be divided into two groups on the left and right for separate control, so that the material can be blown out at a suitable position conveniently.

[0018] Furthermore, the picking and crushing knife roller includes multiple knife groups arranged in a circular array, and each knife group includes multiple Y-shaped fling knives and hammer claw type crushing knives arranged in a staggered manner. Among them, the Y-shaped fling knives are used to pick up the fallen straw on the surface; the hammer claw type crushing knives are used to initially hit and crush the straw. The Y-shaped fling knives can effectively improve the ability to grab the fallen or accumulated straw on the surface, and the hammer claw type crushing knives enhance the initial crushing effect of the straw, ensuring the efficient operation of the front axle picking and crushing links.

[0019] Beneficial effects: The dual-axis differential coupling straw crushing and returning machine of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] (1) By setting up the differential speed design of the front picking and crushing roller and the rear crushing roller, as well as the control system with adjustable speed ratio, an optimal combination of straw crushing efficiency and fineness is achieved. The front picking and crushing roller performs preliminary crushing and picking at a lower speed to avoid blockage or straw loss caused by high speed, while the rear crushing roller performs deep crushing at a higher speed to ensure a fine and uniform crushing effect. At the same time, by detecting the driving torque of the two and dynamically adjusting the speed ratio, intelligent adaptation can be achieved according to the change of straw load, avoiding equipment damage caused by overload or torque imbalance, and improving the stability and operating efficiency of the system.

[0021] (2) By setting up a transmission box and a gearbox, the transmission ratio of the gearbox can be switched between multiple values ​​as needed through a coupling mechanism, so that the speed ratio between the picking and crushing knife roller and the rear crushing knife roller can be changed, so that the straw can be fully crushed in the crushing chamber, while avoiding the occurrence of blockage and overload. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 It is a side view of the structure of a dual-axis differential coupling straw crushing and returning machine;

[0023] Figure 2 This is the internal structure diagram of the double-axis differential coupling straw crushing and returning machine;

[0024] Figure 3 It is a top view of the structure of a dual-axis differential coupling straw crushing and returning machine;

[0025] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the combined structure of the transmission box and the gearbox;

[0026] Figure 5 is a structural diagram of the joint mechanism;

[0027] Figure 6 It is a structural diagram of the lateral transmission mechanism;

[0028] Figure 7 This is a structural diagram of the pick-up crushing knife roller.

[0029] In the figure: 1-frame; 2-cover; 3-front picking and crushing component; 31-picking and crushing knife roller; 31a-Y-type swing knife; 31b-hammer claw type crushing knife; 32-first fixed knife; 4-rear fine crushing component; 41-rear crushing knife roller; 42-second fixed knife; 5-transmission box; 51-first longitudinal axis; 52-first transverse axis; 53-first bevel gear set; 6-gearbox; 61-second bevel gear set; 62-second transverse axis; 63-third transverse axis; 64-gear set; 65-engaging mechanism; 65a-ball; 65b-operating lever; 65c-ejector; 65d-electric push rod; 7-lateral transmission mechanism; 71-material trough; 72-lateral conveying mechanism; 72a-lateral conveyor belt; 72b-lateral sending member. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0031] like Figures 1 to 3 The double-shaft differential coupling straw crushing and returning machine shown in the figure comprises a frame 1, a cover shell 2 is fixed on the frame 1, a front picking and crushing component 3 and a rear fine crushing component 4 arranged in front and rear are installed in the cover shell 2; the front picking and crushing component 3 comprises a picking and crushing knife roller 31 and a first fixed knife 32 fixed in the cover shell 2; the rear fine crushing component 4 comprises a rear crushing knife roller 41 and a second fixed knife 42 fixed in the cover shell 2;

[0032] The rotation speed of the picking-up and crushing blade roller 31 is lower than the rotation speed of the rear crushing blade roller 41; the driving torques of the picking-up and crushing blade roller 31 and the rear crushing blade roller 41 can be detected separately, and the control system can change the rotation speed ratio of the two according to their driving torques.

[0033] In the above-mentioned straw crushing and returning machine, the optimal combination of straw crushing efficiency and fineness is achieved by setting the differential design of the front picking crushing roller and the rear crushing roller, as well as the control system with adjustable speed ratio. The front picking crushing roller performs preliminary crushing and picking at a lower speed to avoid blockage or straw loss caused by high speed, while the rear crushing roller performs deep crushing at a higher speed to ensure a fine and uniform crushing effect. At the same time, by detecting the driving torque of the two and dynamically adjusting the speed ratio, intelligent adaptation can be achieved according to the changes in straw load, avoiding equipment damage caused by overload or torque imbalance, and improving the stability and operating efficiency of the system.

[0034] like Figure 7As shown, the picking and crushing knife roller 31 includes multiple knife groups arranged in a circular array, and each knife group includes multiple Y-shaped fling knives 31a and hammer claw type crushing knives 31b arranged in a staggered manner. Among them, the Y-shaped fling knives 31a are used to pick up the fallen straw on the surface; the hammer claw type crushing knife 31b is used to initially hit and crush the straw. The Y-shaped fling knives 31a can effectively improve the ability to grab the fallen or accumulated straw on the surface, and the hammer claw type crushing knife 31b enhances the initial crushing effect of the straw, ensuring the efficient operation of the front axle picking and crushing links.

[0035] A transmission box 5 is installed on the frame 1. Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the transmission box 5 has a first longitudinal axis 51 with a front end connected to the PTO output shaft of the tractor, and also has a first transverse axis 52 and a second longitudinal axis 54. The first longitudinal axis 51 transmits power to the first transverse axis 52 and the second longitudinal axis 54 through a first bevel gear set 53; a first transmission mechanism and a first torque sensor are connected between the end of the first transverse axis 52 and the end of the picking and crushing knife roller 31, and the second transmission mechanism can be in the form of a belt transmission mechanism, a chain transmission mechanism, a gear transmission mechanism, etc.;

[0036] The rear end of the second longitudinal shaft 54 ​​is connected to the gearbox 6, which has a second bevel gear set 61, a second transverse shaft 62 and a third transverse shaft 63; the second bevel gear set 61 transmits the power of the second longitudinal shaft 54 ​​to the second transverse shaft 62; a plurality of gear sets 64 with different transmission ratios are connected between the second transverse shaft 62 and the third transverse shaft 63, each gear set 64 includes a first gear mounted on the second transverse shaft 62 and a second gear fixed on the third transverse shaft 63, the number of teeth of all the first gears is different from each other, and the number of teeth of all the second gears is different from each other; the gearbox 6 also includes an engagement control mechanism 65 for engaging one of the gear sets 64; a second transmission mechanism and a second torque sensor are connected between the end of the third transverse shaft 63 and the end of the rear crushing knife roller 41, and the second transmission mechanism can be in the form of a belt transmission mechanism, a chain transmission mechanism, a gear transmission mechanism, etc.

[0037] Through the above structure, by setting the transmission box 5 and the gearbox 6, and through the coupling mechanism 65, the transmission ratio of the gearbox 6 can be switched between multiple values ​​as needed, so that the speed ratio between the picking and crushing roller 31 and the rear crushing roller 41 can be changed, so that the straw can be fully crushed in the crushing chamber, while avoiding the occurrence of blockage and overload.

[0038] Specifically, Figure 5As shown, the second transverse axis 62 is a hollow axis with an axial hole, and the engagement mechanism 65 includes a ball 65a arranged corresponding to each first gear, and the ball 65a can move in the radial direction of the second transverse axis 62, and the center hole of each first gear has a groove for the ball 65a to be placed; the engagement mechanism 65 also includes an operating rod 65b that can slide along the axial hole, and the end of the operating rod 65b has an ejector 65c that is larger than the diameter of the operating rod 65b, and the ejector 65c can only engage one first gear with its corresponding ball 65a at the same time, and the operating rod 65b is driven to move by an electric push rod 65d.

[0039] Preferably, the two ends of the first horizontal axis 52 are connected to the two ends of the picking and crushing roller 31 through the first transmission mechanism and the first torque sensor respectively, and the picking and crushing roller 31 is composed of two left and right parts, which are connected to rotate relative to each other;

[0040] The two ends of the third horizontal axis 63 are connected to the two ends of the rear crushing roller 41 through the second transmission mechanism and the second torque sensor respectively, and the rear crushing roller 41 is composed of two parts, which are connected to rotate relative to each other.

[0041] A transverse conveying mechanism 7 is provided between the front picking-up and crushing component 3 and the rear fine crushing component 4 .

[0042] Due to the non-uniform distribution of straw in the field, the straw picked up by the picking and crushing roller 31 is uneven on the left and right, which will result in more straw on one side and less straw on the other side. Through the above mechanism, the control system can judge the uniformity of the distribution of straw in the axial direction of the picking and crushing roller 31 according to the difference in torque data collected by the two first torque sensors. When the difference in torque data of the two first torque sensors exceeds the set threshold, the material is transported laterally through the lateral transmission mechanism 7, and the effect of lateral adjustment is judged based on the torque data of the two second torque sensors. In this way, not only can the pressure of the rear crushing roller 41 in processing straw be reduced, but also the uniformity of returning straw to the field in the left and right directions can be ensured.

[0043] Preferably, the transverse conveying mechanism 7 includes a material trough 71 and a transverse conveying mechanism 72 capable of performing transverse conveying operations.

[0044] Specifically, Figure 6As shown, the transverse conveying mechanism 72 includes a transverse conveying belt 72a and a plurality of transverse conveying members 72b moving with the transverse conveying belt 72a; the material trough 71 is also equipped with an air blowing mechanism for blowing the material backwards, and the air blowing mechanism has a plurality of air blowing nozzles arranged in the left and right directions. In this way, the material can be conveyed left and right as needed, and the air blowing mechanism can blow out the material in the material trough 71 to achieve a reasonable distribution of the material. The air blowing nozzles of the air blowing mechanism can be divided into two groups on the left and right for separate control, so that the material can be blown out at a suitable position conveniently.

[0045] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A double-axis differential-coupled straw crushing and returning machine, comprising a frame (1), a cover shell (2) being fixed on the frame (1), a front picking and crushing component (3) and a rear fine crushing component (4) arranged in front and rear being installed in the cover shell (2); the front picking and crushing component (3) comprising a picking and crushing knife roller (31) and a first fixed knife (32) fixed in the cover shell (2); the rear fine crushing component (4) comprising a rear crushing knife roller (41) and a second fixed knife (42) fixed in the cover shell (2); characterized in that: The rotation speed of the picking-up and crushing blade roller (31) is lower than the rotation speed of the rear crushing blade roller (41); the driving torques of the picking-up and crushing blade roller (31) and the rear crushing blade roller (41) can be detected respectively, and the control system can change the rotation speed ratio of the two according to the driving torques of the two.

2. The dual-shaft differential coupling straw crushing and returning machine according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A transmission box (5) is installed on the frame (1), and the transmission box (5) has a first longitudinal axis (51) whose front end is connected to the PTO output axis of the tractor, and also has a first transverse axis (52) and a second longitudinal axis (54). The first longitudinal axis (51) transmits power to the first transverse axis (52) and the second longitudinal axis (54) through a first bevel gear set (53); a first transmission mechanism and a first torque sensor are connected between the end of the first transverse axis (52) and the end of the picking and crushing knife roller (31); The rear end of the second longitudinal shaft (54) is connected to a gearbox (6), and the gearbox (6) comprises a second bevel gear set (61), a second transverse shaft (62) and a third transverse shaft (63); the second bevel gear set (61) transmits the power of the second longitudinal shaft (54) to the second transverse shaft (62); a plurality of gear sets (64) with different transmission ratios are connected between the second transverse shaft (62) and the third transverse shaft (63); the gearbox (6) further comprises an engagement control mechanism (65) for engaging one of the gear sets (64); a second transmission mechanism and a second torque sensor are connected between the end of the third transverse shaft (63) and the end of the rear crushing blade roller (41).

3. The dual-shaft differential coupling straw crushing and returning machine according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The two ends of the first horizontal axis (52) are respectively connected to the two ends of the picking and crushing knife roller (31) through the first transmission mechanism and the first torque sensor, and the picking and crushing knife roller (31) consists of two left and right parts, which are connected to rotate relative to each other; The two ends of the third horizontal axis (63) are respectively connected to the two ends of the rear crushing roller (41) through the second transmission mechanism and the second torque sensor, and the rear crushing roller (41) is composed of two left and right parts, which are connected to rotate relative to each other; A lateral conveying mechanism (7) is provided between the front picking-up and crushing component (3) and the rear fine crushing component (4).

4. The dual-shaft differential coupling straw crushing and returning machine according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The transverse transmission mechanism (7) comprises a material trough (71) and a transverse conveying mechanism (72) capable of performing transverse transmission operations.

5. The dual-shaft differential coupling straw crushing and returning machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The picking and crushing knife roller (31) comprises a plurality of knife groups arranged in a circumferential array, and each knife group comprises a plurality of Y-shaped fling knives (31a) and hammer claw type crushing knives (31b) arranged in a staggered manner.

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