Stirling engine

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of energy conversion, and provides a Stirling engine which comprises an energy conversion device and a linear motor, the energy conversion device is arranged to form an axial temperature gradient, the energy conversion device is provided with a buffer pipe, and one end of the buffer pipe is communicated with an expansion cavity in the energy conversion device; the expansion cavity is located at the end, away from the linear motor, of the energy conversion device. The buffer pipe extends in the axial direction of the energy conversion device. The linear motor comprises a piston, a phase modulator and a cylinder body, the piston can reciprocate in a second cavity of the cylinder body, the piston slides and is in sealed connection with the buffer pipe, the phase modulator is located at the other end of the buffer pipe, the phase modulator slides and is in sealed connection with the piston, a first cavity is formed among the phase modulator, the piston and the buffer pipe, and the first cavity is communicated with the expansion cavity through the buffer pipe. According to the Stirling engine provided by the invention, the buffer tube is arranged in the engine, and the phase modulator is mounted in the linear motor, so that the phase modulator is far away from the energy conversion device, and the influence of a high-temperature or low-temperature environment on the phase modulator is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of energy conversion, in particular to a Stirling machine. Background Art

[0002] A generator is a device that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. There are many types of generators, such as thermoacoustic generators, hydroelectric generators, etc. Figure 1 As shown, taking the Stirling generator as an example, the generator includes an engine 01 and a linear motor 03. The multiple heat exchangers inside the engine make the engine have a temperature gradient. When the temperature gradient reaches a certain value, after excitation, the engine 01 can maintain spontaneous sound wave oscillation inside, converting thermal energy into mechanical energy in the form of sound waves; the sound wave further drives the piston 04 of the linear motor to move relative to the cylinder 05, changes the magnetic flux in the electromagnetic component 06, and converts mechanical energy into electrical energy output. The free piston Stirling generator has the advantages of high efficiency, reliability, and environmental protection. It can also use various forms of heat sources and has broad application prospects. Among them, the phase modulator 02 of the Stirling generator is located in the engine 01. One end of the phase modulator 02 works at a high temperature state, and the other end of the phase modulator 02 works at a normal temperature state. The temperature difference between the two ends of the phase modulator 02 is large. The large temperature difference puts high requirements on the material, processing and assembly process of the phase modulator 02, and increases the manufacturing cost.

[0003] Similarly, in a Stirling refrigerator, the working process of the Stirling refrigerator is the reverse process of the Stirling generator. The Stirling refrigerator includes a linear motor and a cold finger (the structure of the cold finger is the same as the engine structure of the Stirling generator, and the energy flow direction of the cold finger is opposite to that of the engine). When the outside world inputs electric power to the linear motor, the piston of the linear motor is driven to produce reciprocating motion, and at the same time, mechanical energy in the form of sound waves is input into the cold finger, and cooling capacity will be generated at the low-temperature heat exchanger of the cold finger. At this time, if a phase modulator is set in the cold finger, one end of the phase modulator works at a low temperature state, and the other end of the phase modulator works at a normal temperature state. The temperature difference between the two ends of the phase modulator is large. The large temperature difference puts high demands on the materials, processing and assembly process of the phase modulator, and increases the manufacturing cost.

[0004] Based on the above, Stirling generators and Stirling refrigerators, devices that convert heat-mechanical-electrical energy, can be collectively referred to as Stirling machines. The phase modulator of the Stirling machine has the problems of strict material requirements, high difficulty in processing and assembly, and high cost. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the related art. To this end, the present invention proposes a Stirling machine, in which a phase modulator can be installed in a linear motor by arranging a buffer tube in an energy conversion device, so that the phase modulator is away from a high temperature or low temperature environment, and the influence of temperature difference on the phase modulator is reduced.

[0006] A Stirling machine according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises:

[0007] An energy conversion device, wherein the energy conversion device is configured to form an axial temperature gradient, the energy conversion device is provided with a buffer tube, one end of the buffer tube is connected to an expansion chamber in the energy conversion device, the expansion chamber is located at an end of the energy conversion device away from the linear motor, and the buffer tube extends along the axial direction of the energy conversion device;

[0008] A linear motor comprises a piston, a phase shifter and a cylinder body, wherein the piston can reciprocate in the second cavity of the cylinder body, the piston slides and is sealedly connected to the buffer tube, the phase shifter is located at the other end of the buffer tube, the phase shifter slides and is sealedly connected to the piston, a first cavity is formed between the phase shifter, the piston and the buffer tube, and the first cavity is connected to the expansion cavity through the buffer tube.

[0009] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a reactor and a heat exchanger are disposed in the energy conversion device, a temperature gradient is formed axially between the reactor and the heat exchanger, and the reactor and the heat exchanger are both disposed around the outside of the buffer tube.

[0010] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the energy conversion device is also provided with a connecting pipeline, the heat exchanger is located between the connecting pipeline and the reactor, and the second cavity is connected to the connecting pipeline so that the second cavity, the connecting pipeline, the heat exchanger and the reactor form a connecting path.

[0011] According to an embodiment of the present invention, an opening area of ​​the communication line toward a side of the piston is smaller than an end surface area of ​​the piston.

[0012] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the connecting pipeline is sleeved on the outside of the buffer tube.

[0013] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the energy conversion device also includes a shielding layer, which covers the outside of the reactor, the heat exchanger and the connecting pipeline. The linear motor includes an electromagnetic component, which is located on the outer ring of the piston. The shielding layer separates the electromagnetic component from the fuel area of ​​the reactor.

[0014] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the heat exchanger includes a regenerator and a cooler, the regenerator is located between the reflective layer of the reactor and the cooler, the reflective layer is provided with a connecting hole, the connecting hole connects the fuel area of ​​the reactor and the regenerator, and a plurality of connecting holes are provided radially away from the reactor, and the connecting holes are connected to the connecting pipeline.

[0015] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the diameter of the reactor is greater than the diameter of the heat exchanger, and a cavity communicating with the buffer tube is provided in the fuel region of the reactor.

[0016] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the piston is gap-sealed with the buffer tube, and / or the piston is gap-sealed with the phase modulator.

[0017] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a flow guide is provided at one end of the buffer tube facing the expansion chamber, and the flow guide is provided with a plurality of flow guide holes.

[0018] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the heat exchanger and the linear motor are disposed on both sides of the expansion chamber.

[0019] The above one or more technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention have at least one of the following technical effects:

[0020] The Stirling machine of the embodiment of the present invention includes an energy conversion device and a linear motor. A buffer tube is arranged in the engine. The buffer tube extends along the energy conversion device toward the linear motor. The buffer tube is movably sealed and connected to a piston in the linear motor. The phase modulator is located in the linear motor. The buffer tube, the piston and the phase modulator limit a first cavity. The first cavity is connected to the expansion cavity in the energy conversion device through the buffer tube. The moving parts such as the piston and the phase modulator are kept away from the high temperature or low temperature environment of the energy conversion device through the buffer tube. The introduction of the buffer tube and the corresponding new matching structure of the piston and the phase modulator can reduce the influence of the temperature difference on the Stirling machine, reduce the performance and processing requirements of devices such as the piston and the phase modulator, and optimize the structure of the linear motor.

[0021] Furthermore, the energy conversion device has a built-in reactor, which can reduce the loss of energy transmission.

[0022] Furthermore, the radial dimension of the fuel region of the reactor is larger than the radial dimension of the regenerator, which increases the volume of the fuel region, makes the reactor more easily critical, and reduces the requirement for fuel purity.

[0023] Furthermore, the linear motor and the energy conversion device are connected by a long connecting pipe and a shielding layer is arranged, which can also reduce the impact of reactor radiation on the linear motor; the fuel area is also connected to the regenerator through connecting holes opened on the reflective layer, and the connecting holes are distributed as evenly as possible between the fuel area and the regenerator so that the regenerator is heated evenly.

[0024] Additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will be given in part in the following description and in part will be obvious from the following description, or will be learned through practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or related technologies, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or related technical descriptions are briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0026] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a Stirling generator provided in the prior art;

[0027] Figure 2 is a structural schematic diagram of a Stirling machine provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a Stirling machine provided by another embodiment of the present invention, Figure 3 and Figure 2 The difference is that Figure 3 It shows that the reactor is built into the energy conversion device, and linear motors are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the energy conversion device;

[0029] Reference numerals:

[0030] 01. Engine; 02. Phase modulator; 03. Linear motor; 04. Piston; 05. Cylinder; 06. Electromagnetic component;

[0031] 1. Fuel area; 2. Reflection layer; 3. Control rod; 4. Expansion chamber or cavity; 5. Connecting hole; 6. Regenerator; 7. Cooler; 8. Phase modulator; 9. Connecting pipeline; 10. Permanent magnet; 11. Stator; 12. Piston; 13. Shielding layer; 14. Flow channel; 16. Cylinder body; 19. Buffer tube; 20. First cavity; 21. Second cavity; 22. High-temperature heat exchanger. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The following embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0033] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the embodiments of the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance. In addition, in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "multiple", "multiple roots", and "multiple groups" mean two or more.

[0034] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "connected" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0035] In the embodiments of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the first feature being "above" or "below" the second feature may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Moreover, the first feature being "above", "above" and "above" the second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. The first feature being "below", "below" and "below" the second feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0036] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the embodiment of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples, without contradiction.

[0037] Combination Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the Stirling machine provided by the embodiment of the present invention is described.

[0038] refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a Stirling machine, including: an energy conversion device and a linear motor, the interior of the energy conversion device is configured to form an axial temperature gradient, the energy conversion device is provided with a buffer tube 19, one end of the buffer tube 19 is connected to the expansion chamber 4 in the energy conversion device, the expansion chamber 4 is located at one end of the energy conversion device away from the linear motor, and the buffer tube 19 extends along the axial direction of the energy conversion device; the linear motor includes a piston 12, a phase modulator 8 and a cylinder body 16, the piston 12 is slidably connected to the cylinder body 16, the piston 12 is slidably and sealedly connected to the buffer tube 19, the phase modulator 8 is located at the other end of the buffer tube 19, the phase modulator 8 is slidably and sealedly connected to the piston 12, so that a first cavity 20 is formed between the piston 12, the phase modulator 8 and the buffer tube 19, and the first cavity 20 is connected to the expansion chamber 4 through the buffer tube 19.

[0039] The Stirling machine can be a Stirling generator or a Stirling refrigerator. Taking the Stirling generator as an example, a temperature gradient is formed inside the energy conversion device. When the temperature gradient reaches a certain value, after excitation, the energy conversion device can maintain spontaneous sound wave oscillation inside, converting thermal energy into mechanical energy in the form of sound waves; the sound waves further drive the piston 12 of the linear motor to move, and the movement of the piston 12 changes the magnetic flux in the electromagnetic component, converting the mechanical energy into electrical energy output. Taking the Stirling refrigerator as an example, the linear motor is driven by external electric energy. When the linear motor is started, the piston 12 reciprocates in the cylinder 16. The mechanical energy of the movement of the piston 12 is transmitted to the energy conversion device through the buffer tube 19, and the mechanical energy in the form of sound waves is converted into cold energy in the energy conversion device, realizing energy conversion.

[0040] It should be noted that the Stirling refrigerator has the same structure as the Stirling generator, and the energy transmission direction is opposite. Therefore, in the following embodiments, the Stirling generator is used as an example for explanation. The Stirling refrigerator also has the following structure and effects, which will not be described one by one.

[0041] Among them, in the Stirling generator, the energy conversion device becomes the engine, so the "engine" is used in the following content.

[0042] A buffer tube 19 is provided inside the engine, and the heat and spontaneous sound wave oscillations inside the engine are transmitted to the piston 12 and the phase modulator 8 through the buffer tube 19. At this time, the phase modulator 8 is provided at the other end of the buffer tube 19 away from the engine, and the position of the phase modulator 8 is adjusted so that the phase modulator 8 is away from the engine, thereby avoiding the influence of the heat in the engine on the phase modulator 8, and reducing the requirements for the material, processing and assembly process of the phase modulator 8, thereby reducing the manufacturing cost.

[0043] The piston 12 is sealedly connected to the wall of the buffer tube 19, and the piston 12 is sealedly connected to the wall of the phase modulator 8, so that a first cavity 20 is formed between the piston 12, the phase modulator 8 and the buffer tube 19. The first cavity 20 is connected to the inside of the reactor through the buffer tube 19, and other parts of the first cavity 20 need to ensure sealing performance. The buffer tube 19 is inside the engine and extends along the axial direction of the engine. The structure of the buffer tube 19 is simple. The reciprocating motion of the piston 12 causes the gas to reciprocate along the path of the first cavity 20, the buffer tube 19 and the reactor.

[0044] Among them, the working principle of the Stirling generator is: there is a temperature difference inside the engine, so that a temperature gradient is formed inside the engine. After excitation, the sound wave oscillation inside the engine is transmitted to the piston 12 and the phase modulator 8 through the buffer tube 19, and the piston 12 is driven to reciprocate relative to the cylinder body 16 by the sound wave. During the reciprocating motion of the piston 12, the phase modulator 8 reciprocates relative to the piston 12, so that the piston 12 and the phase modulator 8 reach a set phase difference, eliminating the difference caused by the phase change of the sound field, and ensuring the regular movement of the piston 12 to change the magnetic flux in the electromagnetic component.

[0045] It should be noted that the linear motor also includes an electromagnetic component, which includes a stator 11 and a moving component. The piston 12 is the moving component, or the moving component moves driven by the piston 12. That is, the magnetic flux in the electromagnetic component can be changed through the movement of the piston 12 to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. For example, the piston 12 is fixedly connected to the permanent magnet 10, or the piston 12 is a permanent magnet.

[0046] refer to Figure 2 As shown, an annular high-temperature heat exchanger 22, a regenerator 6 and a cooler 7 are provided in the engine, and a temperature gradient is formed along the axial direction of the high-temperature heat exchanger 22, the regenerator 6 and the cooler 7. The buffer tube 19 also extends along the axial direction of the high-temperature heat exchanger 22, the regenerator 6 and the cooler 7. The phase shifter 8 is removed from the engine to optimize the structure and performance of the Stirling generator.

[0047] in, Figure 2 The second cavity 21 in the engine is connected to the expansion cavity 4 through the heat exchanger in the engine (such as the high-temperature heat exchanger 22, the regenerator 6 and the cooler 7 mentioned above).

[0048] In some embodiments, reference Figure 3As shown, a reactor and a heat exchanger for exchanging heat with the reactor are arranged inside the engine, and a buffer tube 19 is arranged in the engine, one end of which is connected to the expansion chamber 4 in the reactor, and the buffer tube 19 extends along the axial direction of the engine; the temperature gradient in the engine can be provided by the cooperation between the reactor and the heat exchanger, but the reactor will affect the moving parts in the generator, such as the moving piston, the phase modulator, etc., which are easily stuck due to swelling caused by radiation, thereby affecting the performance of the generator.

[0049] The engine has a built-in reactor to avoid heat loss caused by heat transfer. The heat of the reactor serves as a high-temperature heat source, so that the reactor inside the engine cooperates with the heat exchanger to form a temperature gradient inside the engine. When the temperature gradient reaches a certain value, after excitation, the engine can maintain spontaneous sound wave oscillations and convert thermal energy into mechanical energy in the form of sound waves. The sound waves further drive the piston 12 of the linear motor to move, and the movement of the piston 12 changes the magnetic flux in the electromagnetic component, converting the mechanical energy into electrical output.

[0050] After the reactor is built into the engine, the phase modulator 8 is placed at the rear (set inside the linear motor), which solves the problem that the phase modulator 8 is close to the reactor, causing the phase modulator 8 to withstand strong nuclear radiation, and is prone to swelling and deformation, and is prone to getting stuck after running for a period of time.

[0051] In the Stirling engine of the embodiment of the present invention, the high-temperature heat exchanger of the engine can be a reactor with a certain flow channel 14 structure. The helium in the engine flows between the fuels and can directly absorb the heat released by the fuel as a driving heat source for the Stirling engine, thereby forming a reactor power supply, eliminating the special fluid heat exchange circuit in the reactor, and the structure is simpler and more reliable. The reactor capacity is also transferred to the piston 12 and the phase modulator 8 through the buffer tube 19, so that the phase modulator 8 is far away from the reactor, which solves the problem that the phase modulator 8 is easily stuck due to swelling due to reactor radiation. The structural stability of the phase modulator 8 is better, and thus the performance of the Stirling engine is more stable.

[0052] Among them, reference Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, along the axial direction of the buffer tube 19, the buffer tube 19, the piston 12 and the phase modulator 8 are distributed in sequence, the buffer tube 19 can be inserted into the piston 12 or sleeved on the outside of the piston 12, the phase modulator 8 can be inserted into the piston 12 or sleeved on the outside of the piston 12, the positions of the buffer tube 19 and the piston 12, the piston 12 and the phase modulator 8 are flexible and can be selected as needed. The connection parts between the buffer tube 19, the piston 12 and the phase modulator 8 need to ensure sealing performance.

[0053] The buffer tube 19 and the piston 12 can be sealed by a gap. The gap sealing can be understood as: using the small gap between the moving parts to perform a sealing effect, that is, a small gap is set between the buffer tube 19 and the piston 12, which has a simple structure and is easy to assemble.

[0054] Similarly, the piston 12 and the phase modulator 8 can also be sealed by a gap. Of course, the buffer tube 19 and the piston 12, and the piston 12 and the phase modulator 8 can also be sealed by other means, such as dynamic sealing, which does not affect the movement performance and can ensure the sealing performance of the first cavity 20.

[0055] In some embodiments, a guide member (not shown in the figure) is provided at one end of the buffer tube 19 facing the flow channel 14 of the reactor. The guide member is provided with a plurality of guide holes. The gas entering the buffer tube 19 through the flow channel 14 can be diverted through the guide holes to prevent the gas from entering the buffer tube 19 in the form of a jet.

[0056] It can be understood that the guide is arranged at the high temperature side inlet of the buffer tube 19. Of course, the guide can also be arranged inside the buffer tube 19 to ensure the uniformity of the airflow inside the tube and inhibit the occurrence of natural convection. The guide is a porous structure, and the guide can be a guide net, a guide plate, etc. The specific structural form of the guide is not limited and can be selected according to needs.

[0057] In some embodiments, reference Figure 3 As shown, the engine is also provided with a connecting pipe 9, the heat exchanger is located between the connecting pipe 9 and the reactor, and the second cavity 21 of the cylinder 16 is connected to the connecting pipe 9, so that the second cavity 21, the connecting pipe 9, the heat exchanger and the reactor form a connecting path. Among them, the piston 12 is located in the second cavity 21 of the cylinder 16, and the piston 12 can reciprocate in the second cavity. The reciprocating movement of the piston 12 can drive the gas to reciprocate along the path of the second cavity, the connecting pipe 9, the heat exchanger and the reactor.

[0058] It can be understood that the passage between the second cavity and the reactor and the passage between the first cavity 20 and the reactor are separated by the piston and the buffer tube and are independent of each other, and the gases in the two passages will enter the reactor.

[0059] refer to Figure 3 As shown, a cavity is provided in the fuel region 1 in the reactor, and the cavity can be understood as an expansion cavity, so the cavity is also indicated by the serial number 4. The gas converges or disperses in the cavity 4, and the convergence can be understood as the gas in the two passages will enter the cavity 4, and the dispersion can be understood as the gas in the cavity 4 can flow out of the reactor and enter the two passages. Among them, when the reactor includes the fuel region 1 and the reflector 2, the cavity 4 is formed in the fuel region 1, and the reflector layer is provided with a flow channel 14, and the flow channel 14 connects the cavity 4 with the buffer tube 19.

[0060] In some cases, the fuel region 1 in the reactor is surrounded by a reflective layer 2, which is used to block radiation. The reflective layer 2 of the reactor is provided with a flow channel 14, which connects the cavity 4 in the reactor with the buffer tube 19.

[0061] In some embodiments, the opening area of ​​the connecting pipe 9 toward the piston 12 is smaller than the end surface area of ​​the piston 12, and the diameter of the connecting pipe 9 is small, so that the radiation from the reactor cannot directly irradiate the electromagnetic components of the linear motor through the connecting pipe 9, thereby reducing the harmful effects on the electromagnetic components, and solving the problem of performance deterioration caused by the high-intensity radiation of the reactor. The semiconductor material in the electromagnetic component is easily affected by radiation and fails. Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the electromagnetic component may include a permanent magnet and a stator located outside the permanent magnet.

[0062] The opening area of ​​the connecting pipe 9 toward the piston 12 can be understood as: Figure 3 The connecting pipe 9 has a constant diameter structure, and the opening area of ​​the connecting pipe 9 remains unchanged along the axial direction of the connecting pipe 9. Figure 3 The variable diameter space at the right end of the middle connecting pipe 9 does not belong to the connecting pipe 9. This part of the variable diameter space can be understood as the structure that adapts the piston 12 and the cylinder body; the end surface area of ​​the piston 12 can be understood as the end surface area of ​​the piston 12 facing one end of the connecting pipe 9. The piston 12 is blocked at the end of the connecting pipe 9 to block the radiation from the reactor.

[0063] In some embodiments, the connecting pipe 9 is sleeved on the outside of the buffer tube 19, and the structure of the engine is compact.

[0064] refer to Figure 3 As shown, the connecting pipe 9 is sleeved on the outside of a partial pipe section of the buffer pipe 19, which helps to reduce the size of the engine and simplify the structure of the engine.

[0065] In some embodiments, the connecting pipe 9 passes through the shielding layer 13 of the engine, the linear motor includes an electromagnetic component, the electromagnetic component is located on the outer ring of the piston 12, and the shielding layer 13 separates the electromagnetic component from the fuel area 1 of the reactor.

[0066] By increasing the length of the connecting pipe 9 and the buffer tube 19, the distance between the linear motor and the engine can be increased, reducing the impact of the fuel radiation in the reactor on the linear motor, and a radiation-proof shielding layer 13 is installed on the outside of the engine to prevent the radiation of the reactor from directly irradiating the components of the linear motor. Among them, the connecting pipe 9 passes through the shielding layer 13, and the buffer tube 19 passes through the connecting pipe 9.

[0067] When the connecting pipe 9 reaches a certain length and the diameter remains small, the moving piston 12 and the phase modulator 8 are kept away from the radiation of the reactor. Combined with the existence of the reactor's shielding layer 13, the piston 12 and the phase modulator 8 can completely avoid direct exposure to the fuel radiation in the fuel area 1, thereby slowing down or avoiding material swelling of the phase modulator 8 and the piston 12, and reducing the impact of the reactor on the motor, thereby solving the problem that the electromagnetic components in the linear motor are easily failed due to the high-intensity radiation of the reactor.

[0068] In some embodiments, the diameter of the reactor is greater than the diameter of the heat exchanger. The reactor and the heat exchanger are both configured as an annular structure, the annular structure surrounds the outside of the buffer tube 19, the inner diameters of the reactor and the heat exchanger are the same and are both the diameter of the buffer tube 19, and the outer diameter of the reactor is greater than the outer diameter of the heat exchanger.

[0069] By placing nuclear fuel inside the Stirling generator to replace the original high-temperature heat exchanger, the overall structure of the reactor power supply can be simplified. By setting the diameter of the reactor to be larger than the diameter of the heat exchanger inside the engine, the problem of the reactor being difficult to reach criticality can be solved when the power and size of the Stirling engine are small. The requirements for fuel concentration can also be reduced, solving the high cost problem caused by high fuel concentration.

[0070] In some embodiments, the heat exchanger includes a regenerator 6 and a cooler 7. The regenerator 6 is located between the reflective layer 2 of the reactor and the cooler 7. The reflective layer 2 is provided with a connecting hole 5. The connecting hole 5 connects the fuel region 1 of the reactor with the regenerator 6, so that the fuel region 1 of the reactor, the regenerator 6, the cooler 7 and the connecting pipeline 9 are connected. The connecting holes 5 are distributed as evenly as possible in the reflective layer 2, so that the gas flows evenly between the fuel region 1 and the regenerator 6, and the regenerator 6 is heated evenly.

[0071] In some cases, a plurality of connecting holes 5 are provided along the radial direction of the reactor to ensure that the fuel region 1 can be evenly connected with the regenerator 6 along the radial direction.

[0072] refer to Figure 3 As shown, the diameter of the fuel area 1 is larger than the diameter of the regenerator 6, and a plurality of connecting holes 5 are arranged along the radial direction of the fuel area 1. From the fuel area 1 to the regenerator 6, the connecting holes 5 are inclined downward so that the fuel area 1 is connected with the regenerator 6 as evenly as possible.

[0073] Reflection layers 2 are provided at both ends and inside and outside of the fuel region 1, wherein the inside is the side facing the buffer tube 19, and the outside is the side away from the buffer tube 19. The two ends can be understood as between the fuel region 1 and the heat exchanger. A control drum or control rod 3 is provided on the outside of the fuel region 1 to control the size of the reactor power. A reflector layer 2 is provided in the area where the control drum or control rod 3 is not provided. The fuel region 1 is arranged symmetrically, and a cavity 4 is provided in the fuel region 1. The cavity 4 is located between two symmetrical parts of the fuel. The cavity 4 is used to collect or disperse the airflow. The gas in the cavity 4 can enter and exit the buffer tube 19 through the flow channel 14 on the reflector layer 2 on the inside of the fuel region 1. The diameter of the fuel region 1 can be larger than the diameter of the regenerator 6. The increase in the size of the fuel region 1 is conducive to achieving criticality of the fuel or reducing the concentration of the fuel, and can improve the critical performance of the reactor. Uniformly distributed connecting holes 5 are provided on the reflector layer 2 between the fuel region 1 and the regenerator 6. The connecting holes 5 are used to connect the fuel region 1 and the regenerator 6 and ensure uniform distribution of the airflow.

[0074] In some embodiments, heat exchangers and linear motors are provided on both sides of the reactor. It can be understood that both sides of the reactor (such as Figure 3 A set of heat exchangers and linear motors are arranged on each side (left and right), and the two sides of the reactor are symmetrically structured to offset the vibrations generated by the moving parts.

[0075] refer to Figure 3 As shown, the structure of the reactor is bilaterally symmetrical. Combined with the symmetrical heat exchanger and linear motor, the entire Stirling machine is arranged bilaterally symmetrically.

[0076] In some other cases, linear motors are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the axis of the engine, that is, two sets of electromagnetic components are arranged at each end of the engine (left end and right end), and the electromagnetic components are arranged up and down to minimize the radiation to the electromagnetic components. The linear motors on each side of the engine can be arranged in an opposite manner. Even if a small amount of radiation passes through the connecting pipe 9, it will not directly irradiate the moving parts such as the piston 12 of the linear motor, let alone the electromagnetic components, thereby ensuring the reliability of the Stirling engine operation.

[0077] In combination with the above, the Stirling engine provided by the embodiment of the present invention, taking the Stirling engine as an example, can improve the critical performance of the reactor and reduce the impact of the reactor on the performance of the Stirling engine. The heat exchanger of the Stirling engine includes a regenerator 6 and a cooler 7. The reactor, the regenerator 6 and the cooler 7 are distributed along the axial direction of the engine, all of which are annular structures and are connected in sequence. The buffer tube 19 runs through the axis of the reactor, the regenerator 6 and the cooler 7. The buffer tube 19 extends into the first cavity 20 formed by the piston 12 and the phase modulator 8, so that the buffer tube 19 is connected to the first cavity 20. The acoustic power flowing out of the flow channel 14 of the reactor enters the first cavity 20 of the piston 12 through the buffer tube 19, and transmits the power to the piston 12. The sound wave drives the piston 12 and the permanent magnet 10 to reciprocate, changing the magnetic flux in the coil of the stator 11, so that the piston 12 absorbs part of the acoustic power and converts it into electrical energy output, and the other part is fed back to the heat exchanger through the connecting pipe 9, starting a new round of heat-work conversion. One end of the buffer tube 19 is connected to a high-temperature reactor, and the buffer tube 19 should be made of insulating structural materials as much as possible to reduce the heat exchange between the internal gas and the outer components through the wall.

[0078] Furthermore, the Stirling engine of the embodiment of the present invention increases the radial size of the fuel region 1 relative to the regenerator 6, so that the reactor is easier to reach criticality; the reflecting layer 2 between the fuel region 1 and the regenerator 6 is evenly distributed with connecting holes 5, the linear motor and the engine are connected by a long connecting pipe 9, and a shielding layer 13 is arranged on the outside of the reactor and the heat exchanger to reduce the influence of radiation on the linear motor.

[0079] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention, but not to limit the present invention. Although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various combinations, modifications or equivalent substitutions of the technical solutions of the present invention do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A Stirling machine, characterized in that: include: An energy conversion device, wherein the energy conversion device is configured to form an axial temperature gradient, the energy conversion device is provided with a buffer tube, one end of the buffer tube is connected to an expansion chamber in the energy conversion device, the expansion chamber is located at an end of the energy conversion device away from the linear motor, and the buffer tube extends along the axial direction of the energy conversion device; A linear motor comprises a piston, a phase shifter and a cylinder body, wherein the piston can reciprocate in the second cavity of the cylinder body, the piston slides and is sealedly connected to the buffer tube, the phase shifter is located at the other end of the buffer tube, the phase shifter slides and is sealedly connected to the piston, a first cavity is formed between the phase shifter, the piston and the buffer tube, and the first cavity is connected to the expansion cavity through the buffer tube.

2. The Stirling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that A reactor and a heat exchanger are arranged in the energy conversion device. A temperature gradient is formed in the axial direction of the reactor and the heat exchanger. The reactor and the heat exchanger are both arranged around the outer side of the buffer tube.

3. The Stirling machine according to claim 2, characterized in that The energy conversion device is also provided with a connecting pipeline, the heat exchanger is located between the connecting pipeline and the reactor, and the second cavity is connected to the connecting pipeline so that the second cavity, the connecting pipeline, the heat exchanger and the reactor form a connecting path.

4. The Stirling machine according to claim 3, characterized in that The communication pipeline is sleeved on the outer side of the buffer tube, and the opening area of ​​the communication pipeline facing the piston is smaller than the end surface area of ​​the piston.

5. The Stirling machine according to claim 3, characterized in that The energy conversion device also includes a shielding layer, which covers the outside of the reactor, the heat exchanger and the connecting pipeline. The linear motor includes an electromagnetic component, which is located on the outer ring of the piston. The shielding layer separates the electromagnetic component from the fuel area of ​​the reactor.

6. The Stirling machine according to claim 3, characterized in that The heat exchanger includes a regenerator and a cooler. The regenerator is located between the reflective layer of the reactor and the cooler. The reflective layer is provided with a connecting hole. The connecting hole connects the fuel area of ​​the reactor and the regenerator. In the radial direction away from the reactor, a plurality of connecting holes are provided, and the connecting holes are connected to the connecting pipeline.

7. A Stirling machine according to any one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that The diameter of the reactor is greater than the diameter of the heat exchanger, and a cavity communicating with the buffer tube is arranged in the fuel region of the reactor.

8. A Stirling machine according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that The piston is gap-sealedly connected to the buffer tube, and / or the piston is gap-sealedly connected to the phase modulator.

9. A Stirling machine according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that A flow guide is provided at one end of the buffer tube facing the expansion chamber, and the flow guide is provided with a plurality of flow guide holes.

10. A Stirling machine according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that Heat exchangers and the linear motor are arranged on both sides of the expansion chamber.

Images