Automatic seed direct sowing system and sowing method

Abstract

The invention relates to an automatic seed direct sowing system and a sowing method, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery. Comprising two supporting structures, two telescopic assemblies, a walking mechanism, two supporting wheels and a seeding assembly. The two groups of supporting structures slide relatively; the two telescopic assemblies are located on the two supporting structures correspondingly. The walking mechanism is installed on the supporting structure. The two sets of supporting wheels are installed on the telescopic assemblies correspondingly. The seeding assembly is installed on the supporting structures and used for controlling the seeding distance and the seeding speed, the structure is more compact, and the whole system structure can span between different rows through the two sets of supporting structures, telescopic assemblies and supporting wheels which slide relatively, so that continuous seeding is achieved, and the seeding efficiency is improved. Manual repeated positioning, guiding and other operations on the equipment are reduced, and the use convenience and the seeding efficiency are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and in particular relates to an automatic direct seeding system and a sowing method. Background Art

[0002] In agricultural experiments and precision seed production, precise control of plant spacing and row spacing is particularly important. In traditional agricultural experiments, the planting of crops such as rapeseed, wheat, and corn mainly relies on manual sowing, which is inefficient and difficult to ensure the uniformity of plant spacing and row spacing. Although existing mechanical sowing equipment has improved sowing efficiency, it often lacks flexibility and is difficult to adapt to different field conditions and planting needs. Direct seeding is a sowing process, which refers to a method of planting directly by sowing seeds without raising seedlings. At present, there is a need to use a direct seeding planting auxiliary system to effectively assist manual precision control of plant spacing and row spacing for sowing crops such as rapeseed, wheat, and corn, significantly improve sowing efficiency, and reduce manpower input. It is particularly suitable for agricultural experiments and precision seed production, and can meet the high requirements for sowing accuracy and uniformity.

[0003] The announcement number is: CN205961775U, which discloses a multi-row simultaneous sowing seeder, including a device body, a first sowing paddle, a first sowing wheel, a second sowing paddle, a second sowing wheel, a third sowing paddle, a third sowing wheel and a fourth sowing paddle, wherein the bottom of the first accumulator is fixedly connected to the first sowing paddle through a first feed hopper; a second sowing paddle is arranged on the left side of the first sowing paddle; a first sowing wheel is arranged between the second sowing paddle and the first sowing paddle; a third sowing paddle is arranged on the left side of the second sowing paddle; a second sowing wheel is arranged between the third sowing paddle and the second sowing paddle; the second sowing wheel is electrically connected to a second controller; a fourth sowing paddle is arranged on the left side of the third sowing paddle; the upper end of the fourth sowing paddle is connected to a fourth accumulator; and a third sowing wheel is arranged between the fourth sowing paddle and the third sowing paddle.

[0004] The prior art has at least the following problems during use:

[0005] In the process of multi-row sowing, the equipment occupies a large space, which has great limitations for use in agricultural experimental plots, and it is not convenient to move between different rows. Summary of the invention

[0006] The present invention provides an automated direct seeding system and sowing method, which are used to solve the technical problems in the prior art that, in the process of multi-row sowing, the equipment occupies a large space, is limited to use in agricultural experimental plots, and is not convenient to move between different rows in the field.

[0007] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is implemented by the following technical solutions:

[0008] An automated seed direct seeding system includes: two groups of support structures, two groups of telescopic components, a walking mechanism, two groups of support wheels, and a sowing component. The two groups of support structures are respectively a first support frame and a second support frame, and the first support frame and the second support frame slide relative to each other; the two groups of telescopic components are respectively located on the first support frame and the second support frame; the walking mechanism is installed on the first support frame and the second support frame; the two groups of support wheels are respectively installed on the telescopic components; the sowing component is installed on the second support frame, and the sowing component is used to control the sowing spacing and sowing speed.

[0009] Furthermore, the sowing assembly includes: a mounting plate, a seed box, a seed metering machine, a furrow opener, and a soil cover. The mounting plate is mounted on the second support frame; the seed box is mounted on the mounting plate; the seed metering machine is mounted on the mounting plate and is used to evenly discharge the seeds in the seed box; the furrow opener is mounted on the mounting plate and is distributed in front of the seed metering machine along the travel direction; the soil cover is mounted on the mounting plate and is distributed behind the seed metering machine along the travel direction.

[0010] Furthermore, the sowing assembly further comprises: a rotating disk which is rotatably mounted on the mounting plate, the seed metering machine, the furrow opener and the soil coverer are all located on the rotating disk, and the rotating disk is rotated to change the sowing direction of the linear sowing system.

[0011] Furthermore, it also includes: a sliding guide rail, a control center, an auxiliary laser guide component, and an alarm component. The sliding guide rail is installed between the two groups of the support structures to guide the two groups of the support structures to change lines; the control center is connected to the sowing component in communication, and is connected to the support structure, the telescopic component, and the walking mechanism in communication to control the sowing interval, the sowing speed, and the change of the structure; the auxiliary laser guide component is installed on the rotating disk to feedback the offset in the direction of travel; the alarm component is connected to the auxiliary laser guide component and the control center in communication to perform an emergency pause of the control center and issue an alarm after the system is offset.

[0012] Furthermore, the walking mechanism adopts a crawler-type walking structure.

[0013] A sowing method, based on the above system, comprises the following steps:

[0014] S1, preset the relevant data of the single-column travel distance, travel speed, sowing spacing and row spacing for the control center, set the guiding direction of the auxiliary laser guiding component, and start the system;

[0015] S2, the control center drives the walking mechanism to move in the sowing direction, the furrow opener opens holes for sowing on the ground, the seed metering machine puts seeds into the holes, and finally the soil coverer covers the holes with soil to complete the sowing;

[0016] S3, after completing the sowing of a single travel distance, the control center drives a group of the telescopic components to lower the corresponding support wheels, thereby lifting the walking mechanism on the other side, and drives the sliding guide rail to slide the support structure without lowering the support wheels in the lifting direction, and after sliding to a predetermined row spacing, retract the lowered support wheels to lower the lifted walking mechanism;

[0017] S4, extending the telescopic assembly on the support structure on one side, lowering the corresponding support wheel, and raising the walking mechanism on the other side, shrinking the support structure whose support wheel is not lowered in the raising direction, and when sliding to a predetermined row spacing, lowering the raised walking mechanism by controlling the telescopic assembly, and finally raising all the support wheels;

[0018] S5, rotating the rotating disk to change the sowing direction;

[0019] S6. Repeat S3 to S5 until the sowing task of all sowing rows is completed.

[0020] The present invention provides an automated seed direct seeding system and a sowing method, which have the following beneficial effects:

[0021] The structure is more compact, and through two sets of relatively sliding support structures, telescopic components and support wheels, the overall system structure can span between different rows, thereby achieving continuous sowing, reducing manual operations such as repeated positioning and guiding of equipment, and improving ease of use and sowing efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0023] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of an automated seed directing system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the installation structure of the first support frame and the second support frame provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 A side view of an automated seed directing system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 A schematic structural diagram of a first support frame provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 5 A schematic structural diagram of a second support frame provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 6 for Figure 1 Enlarged view of A1 in the figure.

[0029] In the figure: 101-support structure; 1011-first support frame; 1012-second support frame; 102-telescopic assembly; 103-travel mechanism; 104-support wheel; 201-mounting plate; 202-seed box; 203-seedling machine; 204-ditch opener; 205-soil cover; 206-rotating disk. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The embodiments of the present application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0031] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0032] The terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of this application, unless otherwise specified, "plurality" means two or more.

[0033] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installation", "connection" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be welding, bolt connection, or riveting; it can be fixed connection, detachable connection, or integral connection; it can be mechanical connection or electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be internal communication between two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0034] Example:

[0035] based on Figures 1 to 6 As shown, this embodiment provides an automated seed direct seeding system, including: two groups of support structures 101, two groups of telescopic components 102, a walking mechanism 103, two groups of support wheels 104, and a sowing component. The two groups of support structures 101 are respectively a first support frame 1011 and a second support frame 1012, and the first support frame 1011 and the second support frame 1012 slide relative to each other; the two groups of telescopic components 102 are respectively located on the first support frame 1011 and the second support frame 1012; the walking mechanism 103 is installed on the first support frame 1011 and the second support frame 1012; the two groups of support wheels 104 are respectively installed on the telescopic components 102; the sowing component is installed on the second support frame 1012, and the sowing component is used to control the sowing spacing and sowing speed.

[0036] In this embodiment, if Figures 1 to 6 As shown, the two groups of support structures 101 are the basic structure of the whole system, which are specifically divided into: Figure 3 and Figure 4 The first support frame 1011 and the second support frame 1012 shown can slide relative to each other, and are provided with two corresponding groups of pneumatic telescopic rods, which provide a structural basis for subsequent operations such as line change, specifically two groups of symmetrically arranged square frames, with four support points, and the two support points on the outside of each group of support structures 101 are used to install the walking mechanism 103, so as to form four relatively balanced walking mechanisms 103 to drive the system, and the two support points on the side opposite to the central walking mechanism in each group are used to install the telescopic assembly 102 that telescopes in the vertical direction, specifically the support rods with pneumatic telescopic structures installed vertically, and a mounting plate is provided at the end of the telescopic assembly 102, which is used to install the support wheel 104 and the auxiliary telescopic cylinder. There are two in each of the two groups of support wheels 104, which are used to be installed on the corresponding support points, so as to provide a fulcrum for the support structure 101 during the line change process, so as to achieve line change, and finally realize the moving of the sowing assembly to the next corresponding working row.

[0037] Further, in some implementations of this embodiment, Figure 1 and Figure 3 as well as Figure 6As shown, the sowing assembly includes: a mounting plate 201, a seed box 202, a seed metering machine 203, a furrow opener 204, and a soil cover 205. The mounting plate 201 is mounted on the second support frame 1012; the seed box 202 is mounted on the mounting plate 201; the seed metering machine 203 is mounted on the mounting plate 201, and is used to evenly discharge the seeds in the seed box 202; the furrow opener 204 is mounted on the mounting plate 201, and is distributed in front of the seed metering machine 203 along the travel direction; the soil cover 205 is mounted on the mounting plate 201, and is distributed behind the seed metering machine 203 along the travel direction.

[0038] In this embodiment, if Figure 1 and Figure 3 as well as Figure 6 As shown, the mounting plate 201 is loaded with a seeding port of a seeding machine 203, a slotting mechanism of a furrow opener 204, and a covering mechanism of a soil cover 205. An output channel is provided between the seeding machine 203 and the seed box 202. The intermittent seeding of the seeding machine 203 is a prior art, and specifically, a gear structure can be used for seeding. A seeding channel is provided in the furrow opener for receiving seeds discharged by the seeding machine 203. By providing an output port on the furrow opener 204, the seeds are accurately discharged into the opened furrow. The soil cover 205 is a pressure wheel structure with an adjustable pitch angle, which is a prior art in this field. In the actual sowing process, the corresponding module and the mounting plate 201 are replaced according to the specific sowing content, which increases the possibility of expansion for different types of sowing.

[0039] Further, in some implementations of this embodiment, Figure 1 and Figure 3 as well as Figure 6 As shown, the sowing assembly further includes a rotating disk 206. The rotating disk 206 is rotatably mounted on the mounting plate 201, and the seed meter 203, the furrow opener 204 and the soil cover 205 are all located on the rotating disk 206. The rotating disk 206 is rotated to change the sowing direction of the linear sowing system.

[0040] In this embodiment, if Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 6 As shown, the rotating disk 206 is loaded with the seeding port of the seeding machine 203, the slotting mechanism of the furrow opener 204, and the covering mechanism of the soil cover 205. The above structure is turned 180 degrees by servo drive to adapt to the reverse sowing of the S-shaped path after the row change.

[0041] Furthermore, in some implementations of this embodiment, it also includes: a sliding guide rail, a control center, an auxiliary laser guide component, and an alarm component. The sliding guide rail is installed between the two groups of support structures 101 to guide the two groups of support structures 101 to change lines; the control center is connected to the sowing component by communication, and is connected to the support structure 101, the telescopic component 102, and the walking mechanism 103 by communication, so as to control the sowing interval and the sowing speed and structure change; the auxiliary laser guide component is installed on the rotating disk 206 to feedback the offset of the travel direction; the alarm component is connected to the auxiliary laser guide component and the control center by communication, so as to perform an emergency pause and sound an alarm to the control center after the system is offset.

[0042] In this embodiment, the sliding track is equipped with a specific pneumatic telescopic rod, which is driven by a control center, specifically a computer and corresponding processing software, so as to achieve relative displacement of the two sets of support structures 101 along the sliding track. The auxiliary laser guidance components are multiple sets of laser emitters and other visual sensors and corresponding required series of sensors, which realize monitoring and timing feedback of the travel route and the preset route, and prevent huge deviations in sowing caused by deviations in the travel direction due to obstacles. Correspondingly, an alarm is used to improve the warning effect. The relevant auxiliary components are all existing technologies, so they are not displayed.

[0043] Further, in some implementations of this embodiment, Figures 1 to 5 As shown, the walking mechanism 103 adopts a crawler-type walking structure.

[0044] In this embodiment, if Figures 1 to 5 As shown, the crawler-type walking mechanism 103 improves the passability in harsh environments, effectively prevents wheels from being sunken due to repeated work, and reduces failure rates and maintenance costs.

[0045] This embodiment also provides a sowing method, comprising the following steps:

[0046] S1. Preset the relevant data of single-column travel distance, travel speed, sowing spacing and row spacing for the control center, set the guiding direction of the auxiliary laser guiding component, and start the system;

[0047] S2, the control center drives the walking mechanism 103 to move in the sowing direction, the furrow opener 204 opens holes for sowing on the ground, the seed metering machine 203 puts seeds into the holes, and finally the soil coverer 205 covers the holes with soil to complete the sowing;

[0048] S3. After completing the sowing of a single travel distance, the control center drives a group of telescopic components 102 to lower the corresponding support wheel 104, thereby lifting the walking mechanism 103 on the other side, and driving the sliding guide rail to slide the support structure 101 without lowering the support wheel 104 in the lifting direction. After sliding to the predetermined row spacing, the lowered support wheel 104 is retracted to lower the lifted walking mechanism 103.

[0049] S4, extend the telescopic assembly 102 on the extended support structure 101, lower the corresponding support wheel 104, and raise the walking mechanism 103 on the other side, shrink the support structure 101 whose support wheel 104 is not lowered in the raising direction, and when it slides to the predetermined row spacing, lower the raised walking mechanism 103 by controlling the telescopic assembly 102, and finally raise all the support wheels 104;

[0050] S5, rotating the rotating disk 206 to change the sowing direction;

[0051] S6. Repeat S3 to S5 until the sowing task of all sowing rows is completed.

[0052] Experimental example:

[0053] In precision seed production, in order to ensure uniformity and consistency of seeds, this system can be used for precise sowing. Set the row spacing to 0.2m and the plant spacing to 0.16m, corresponding to a planting density of 3.0×10^4 plants / hectare. Perform multiple rows of continuous sowing along the S path until the sowing of the test area is completed. Ensure that each seed is sown in the predetermined position to meet the high standards of precision seed production.

[0054] When conducting agricultural experiments, in order to study the effects of different planting densities on crop growth and yield, this system can be used for precise sowing. First, adjust the row spacing to 0.4m and the plant spacing to 0.33m, corresponding to a planting density of 7.5×10^4 plants / hectare. Sow multiple rows continuously along the sowing path until the sowing of the test area is completed.

[0055] When conducting high-density sowing tests, a denser sowing pattern is achieved. The row spacing is set to 0.4m, the plant spacing is set to 0.17m, and the corresponding planting density is 1.5×10^4 plants / hectare. Multiple rows are sown continuously along the S path until the sowing of the test area is completed. This high-density sowing test is helpful to study the growth performance and yield changes of crops under high density.

[0056] When conducting low-density sowing experiments, a more sparse sowing pattern is achieved. The row spacing is set to 0.2m, the plant spacing is set to 0.13m, and the corresponding planting density is 37.5×10^4 plants / hectare. Multiple rows are sown continuously along the S path until the sowing of the test area is completed. This low-density sowing experiment is helpful to study the growth performance and yield changes of rapeseed at lower density.

[0057] The system is suitable for conducting various types of experiments on direct seeding, and can efficiently complete automated seeding with less area restrictions.

[0058] To sum up, when a sowing method is used to sow through an automated seed direct seeding system, the sowing system is enabled to span between different rows by providing a support structure 101 that can slide and displace relative to each other, and a corresponding telescopic assembly 102 and a support wheel 104. The corresponding working directions of the seed metering machine 203, the furrow opener 204, and the soil cover 205 are then automatically adapted to the sowing action after the row change through the installed rotating disk 206. The system's travel direction is an S-shaped path, which reduces repeated adjustments to the direction of the equipment, thereby improving the convenience of the equipment and the sowing efficiency.

[0059] The above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, which should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An automated seed direct seeding system, characterized in that: include: Two groups of support structures (101), namely a first support frame (1011) and a second support frame (1012), wherein the first support frame (1011) and the second support frame (1012) slide relative to each other; Two groups of telescopic components (102), respectively located on the first support frame (1011) and the second support frame (1012); A walking mechanism (103) mounted on the first support frame (1011) and the second support frame (1012); Two sets of support wheels (104) are respectively mounted on the telescopic components (102); A sowing assembly is mounted on the second support frame (1012), and the sowing assembly is used to control the sowing spacing and sowing speed.

2. According to the automatic seed direct seeding system described in claim 1, it is characterized in that: The sowing assembly comprises: A mounting plate (201) mounted on the second supporting frame (1012); A seed box (202) mounted on the mounting plate (201); A seed metering machine (203), mounted on the mounting plate (201), and used for evenly discharging seeds in the seed box (202); A furrow opener (204), mounted on the mounting plate (201) and distributed in front of the seed metering machine (203) along the travel direction; The soil cover (205) is mounted on the mounting plate (201) and is distributed behind the seed metering machine (203) along the traveling direction.

3. According to the automatic seed direct seeding system described in claim 2, it is characterized in that: The sowing assembly also includes: The rotating disk (206) is rotatably mounted on the mounting plate (201); the seed metering machine (203), the furrow opener (204) and the soil cover (205) are all located on the rotating disk (206); the rotating disk (206) is rotated to change the sowing direction of the linear sowing system.

4. According to the automatic seed direct seeding system described in claim 3, it is characterized in that: Also includes: A sliding guide rail is installed between the two groups of support structures (101) to guide the two groups of support structures (101) to change rows; A control center is communicatively connected to the sowing assembly, and is communicatively connected to the support structure (101), the telescopic assembly (102), and the walking mechanism (103), and is used to control the sowing interval, the sowing speed, and the change of the structure; An auxiliary laser guide assembly, mounted on the rotating disk (206) and used to feedback the offset of the travel direction; The alarm component is connected to the auxiliary laser guidance component and the control center for emergency suspension and alarm of the control center after the system deviates.

5. An automated seed direct seeding system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The walking mechanism (103) adopts a crawler-type walking structure.

6. A sowing method, characterized in that: An automated seed directing system according to claim 5 comprises the following steps: S1, preset the relevant data of the single-column travel distance, travel speed, sowing spacing and row spacing for the control center, set the guiding direction of the auxiliary laser guiding component, and start the system; S2, the control center drives the walking mechanism (103) to move in the sowing direction, the furrow opener (204) opens holes for sowing on the ground, the seed metering machine (203) puts seeds into the holes, and finally the soil coverer (205) covers the holes with soil to complete the sowing; S3, after completing sowing of a single travel distance, the control center drives a group of the telescopic components (102) to lower the corresponding support wheels (104), thereby raising the walking mechanism (103) on the other side, and drives the sliding guide rail to slide the support structure (101) without lowering the support wheels (104) in the raising direction, and after sliding to a predetermined row spacing, retracts the lowered support wheels (104) and lowers the raised walking mechanism (103); S4, extending the telescopic assembly (102) on the extended support structure (101), lowering the corresponding support wheel (104), and raising the walking mechanism (103) on the other side, retracting the support structure (101) on which the support wheel (104) is not lowered in the raising direction, and after sliding to a predetermined row spacing, lowering the raised walking mechanism (103) by controlling the telescopic assembly (102), and finally raising all the support wheels (104); S5, rotating the rotating disk (206) to change the sowing direction; S6. Repeat S3 to S5 until the sowing task of all sowing rows is completed.

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