Main shaft structure, main shaft and machine tool

Abstract

The main shaft structure comprises a shaft core, a pull rod and an oil cylinder assembly, the shaft core is provided with a shaft core inner hole, the pull rod is arranged in the shaft core inner hole, the oil cylinder assembly comprises a cylinder body and a piston, the cylinder body is inserted into the shaft core inner hole from the end of the shaft core, and the cylinder body is in clearance fit with the hole wall of the shaft core inner hole; the cylinder body is provided with a piston cavity in the shaft core inner hole, and the piston is arranged in the piston cavity and matched with the pull rod to drive the pull rod to move along the shaft core inner hole. According to the technical scheme, the cylinder body of the oil cylinder assembly is inserted into the shaft core inner hole of the shaft core from the end of the shaft core, and is matched with the pull rod in the shaft core inner hole, so that functions such as cutter beating are realized. According to the technical scheme, the oil cylinder assembly is arranged in the spindle core, so that specific functions such as unclamping can be achieved in a limited space, the spindle structure can be more compact, the length of the spindle is greatly shortened, the applicability of the spindle is higher, and the installation requirement in the limited space is met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention is used in the field of processing equipment, and in particular relates to a spindle structure, a spindle and a machine tool. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, the application of five-axis linkage CNC machining centers has become more and more widespread, especially suitable for efficient and high-quality machining of heterogeneous and complex parts. The swing head spindle is one of the core components of the five-axis linkage CNC machining center. The space where the swing head spindle is installed is limited, and the existing swing head spindle is long due to the need to set up a knife structure and a cooling structure, which makes it difficult to meet the installation requirements in a limited space. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art and to provide a spindle structure, a spindle and a machine tool.

[0004] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problem is:

[0005] In the first aspect, a main shaft structure includes a shaft core, a pull rod and a cylinder assembly, wherein the shaft core is provided with a shaft core inner hole, the pull rod is arranged in the shaft core inner hole, and the cylinder assembly includes a cylinder body and a piston, the cylinder body is inserted into the shaft core inner hole by the end of the shaft core, the cylinder body and the hole wall clearance of the shaft core inner hole are matched, the cylinder body is provided with a piston cavity inside the shaft core inner hole, the piston is arranged in the piston cavity, and the piston cooperates with the pull rod to drive the pull rod to move along the shaft core inner hole.

[0006] In combination with the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, the cylinder body is provided with a cylinder bottom and a cylinder head at both ends of the piston chamber, the cylinder bottom and the cylinder head are provided with a piston guide hole, the piston is provided with a first guide portion and a second guide portion extending axially to both sides, the first guide portion is arranged in the piston guide hole of the cylinder bottom, the second guide portion is arranged in the piston guide hole of the cylinder head, and the pull rod is provided with an axial surface that can abut against the second guide portion.

[0007] In combination with the first aspect and the above-mentioned implementation methods, in some implementation methods of the first aspect, the piston is provided with a piston inner hole extending axially therethrough, the pull rod passes through the piston inner hole axially and is connected to a first rotary joint at the end, the cylinder body is provided with a concave cavity inside the shaft core inner hole, the concave cavity extends from the end of the cylinder body to the cylinder bottom, the first rotary joint is arranged in the concave cavity, the cylinder body is provided with a top cover at the end of the concave cavity, the top cover is provided with an axial floating mounting hole, a second rotary joint is provided in the concave cavity, the second rotary joint is installed in the axial floating mounting hole, the second rotary joint, the first rotary joint and the pull rod are provided with a central water hole, and the second rotary joint can move axially to dock or separate with the first rotary joint.

[0008] In combination with the first aspect and the above-mentioned implementations, in some implementations of the first aspect, an annular groove is provided on an end surface of the first rotary joint facing the first guide portion, and the first guide portion is embedded in the annular groove.

[0009] In combination with the first aspect and the above-mentioned implementations, in some implementations of the first aspect, the first rotary joint is provided with a sensing surface, and the inner wall of the concave cavity is provided with a sensor component for detecting the sensing surface.

[0010] In combination with the first aspect and the above-mentioned implementation methods, in some implementation methods of the first aspect, the spindle structure also includes a rear bearing seat, the shaft core is supported on the rear bearing seat through a rear bearing, and the end of the cylinder body is provided with a tail seat outside the end of the shaft core, and the tail seat is fixedly connected to the rear bearing seat.

[0011] In combination with the first aspect and the above-mentioned implementations, in certain implementations of the first aspect, the rear bearing is locked to the shoulder of the shaft core by a rear bearing locking nut, the tailstock is connected to the rear bearing seat, and a sealed cavity covering the rear bearing locking nut is formed inside, and an air seal sleeve connected to the tailstock and / or the rear bearing seat is provided in the sealed cavity, the air seal sleeve is clearance-matched with the outer circumferential surface of the rear bearing locking nut, an annular groove is provided on the inner wall surface of the air seal sleeve, and the air seal sleeve is provided with an air inlet hole extending to the annular groove.

[0012] In combination with the first aspect and the above-mentioned implementations, in some implementations of the first aspect, the cylinder body is provided with an overflow hole connected from the bottom of the concave cavity to the outside of the tailstock.

[0013] In a second aspect, a main shaft comprises the main shaft structure described in any implementation method in the first aspect.

[0014] In a third aspect, a machine tool comprises the spindle described in any implementation of the second aspect.

[0015] One of the above technical solutions has at least one of the following advantages or beneficial effects: In the technical solution of the present invention, the cylinder body of the oil cylinder assembly is inserted into the inner hole of the shaft core of the shaft core by the end of the shaft core, and cooperates with the pull rod in the inner hole of the shaft core to achieve functions such as knife beating. The technical solution of the present invention embeds the oil cylinder assembly inside the spindle core, so that specific functions such as knife beating can be achieved in a limited space. This structure can make the spindle structure more compact, greatly shorten the length of the spindle, make the spindle more applicable, and meet the installation requirements in a limited space.

[0016] Additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will be given in part in the following description and in part will be obvious from the following description, or will be learned through practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and easily understood from the description of the embodiments in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the oil cylinder knife-beating structure of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the oil cylinder reset structure of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of oil tool detection according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of central cooling and gas sealing in one embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] This section will describe in detail the specific embodiments of the present invention. The preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown in the accompanying drawings. The purpose of the accompanying drawings is to supplement the description of the text part of the specification with graphics, so that people can intuitively and vividly understand each technical feature and the overall technical solution of the present invention, but it cannot be understood as a limitation on the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] In the present invention, if directions (up, down, left, right, front and back) are described, it is only for the convenience of describing the technical solution of the present invention, and does not indicate or imply that the technical features referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation. Therefore, it cannot be understood as a limitation of the present invention.

[0024] In the present invention, "several" means one or more, "multiple" means more than two, "greater than", "less than", "exceed" and the like are understood to exclude the number itself; "above", "below", "within" and the like are understood to include the number itself. In the description of the present invention, if there is a description of "first" or "second", it is only used for the purpose of distinguishing technical features, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features or implicitly indicating the order of the indicated technical features.

[0025] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly defined, the words "set", "install", "connect" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, they can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; they can be fixedly connected or detachably connected or integrally formed; they can be mechanically connected or electrically connected or able to communicate with each other; they can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. Those skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meanings of the above words in the present invention in combination with the specific content of the technical solution.

[0026] in, Figure 1 , Figure 2 The reference direction of the embodiment of the present invention is given below. Figure 1 , Figure 2 The embodiment of the present invention is described with reference to the direction shown.

[0027] See also Figure 1 , Figure 2 The embodiment of the present invention provides a spindle structure, including a shaft core 100, a pull rod 200 and a cylinder assembly 300. The shaft core 100 is provided with a shaft core inner hole 101, and the shaft core inner hole 101 is arranged along the axis of the shaft core 100. It can be understood that the shaft core inner hole 101 can be set to different inner diameters at different positions according to the functional requirements of different positions. The pull rod 200 is arranged in the shaft core inner hole 101, and the pull rod 200 can move in the shaft core inner hole 101 to achieve the functions of hitting the knife and tightening the knife handle. The cylinder assembly 300 is used to cooperate with the pull rod 200 to achieve functions such as knife beating. The cylinder assembly 300 includes a cylinder body 301 and a piston 302. The cylinder body 301 is inserted into the inner hole 101 of the shaft core by the end of the shaft core 100 to form a cylinder body structure built into the shaft core 100. The cylinder body 301 and the hole wall clearance of the inner hole 101 of the shaft core are matched to ensure that there is no interference between the shaft core 100 and the cylinder body 301 when the shaft core 100 rotates. The cylinder body 301 is provided with a piston cavity inside the inner hole 101 of the shaft core, and the piston 302 is arranged in the piston cavity. The piston 302 cooperates with the pull rod 200 to drive the pull rod 200 to move along the inner hole 101 of the shaft core.

[0028] Combination Figure 1 , Figure 2In the technical solution of the present invention, the cylinder body 301 of the oil cylinder assembly 300 is inserted into the shaft core inner hole 101 of the shaft core 100 by the end of the shaft core 100, and cooperates with the pull rod 200 in the shaft core inner hole 101 to achieve functions such as knife beating. The technical solution of the present invention places the oil cylinder assembly 300 inside the spindle shaft core 100, so that specific functions such as knife beating can be achieved in a limited space. This structure can make the spindle structure more compact, greatly shorten the length of the spindle, make the spindle more applicable, and meet the installation requirements in a limited space.

[0029] Further, in some embodiments, see Figure 1 , Figure 2 The cylinder body 301 is provided with a cylinder bottom 303 and a cylinder cover 304 at both ends of the piston cavity, a knife-beating cavity 305 is formed between the piston 302 and the cylinder bottom 303, and a cylinder knife-beating oil path 306 connected to the knife-beating cavity 305 is provided in the cylinder body 301. A reset cavity 307 is formed between the piston 302 and the cylinder cover 304, and a cylinder reset oil path 308 connected to the reset cavity 307 is provided in the cylinder body 301. The cylinder bottom 303 and the cylinder cover 304 are provided with a piston guide hole, and the piston 302 is provided with a first guide portion 309 and a second guide portion 310 extending axially to both sides, the first guide portion 309 is provided in the piston guide hole of the cylinder bottom 303, and the second guide portion 310 is provided in the piston guide hole of the cylinder cover 304, and the pull rod 200 is provided with an axial surface capable of abutting against the second guide portion 310.

[0030] Combination Figure 1 The process of hydraulic cylinder cutting is as follows: when the spindle needs to be cut to replace the tool handle, the spindle stops running, and the hydraulic oil enters the cutting chamber 305 from the hydraulic cylinder cutting oil circuit 306. The process of the cutting chamber 305 gradually filling with hydraulic oil will impact the piston 302 to move forward, so that the second guide part 310 of the piston 302 impacts the second axial surface of the pull rod 200 to move downward, thereby realizing the cutting function.

[0031] Combination Figure 2 The cylinder reset process is as follows: when the spindle replaces the tool handle, the hydraulic oil enters the reset chamber 307 from the cylinder reset oil circuit 308. The process of the reset chamber 307 gradually filling with hydraulic oil will impact the piston 302 to move backward, so that the second guide part 310 of the piston 302 is separated from the pull rod 200, and the pull rod 200 moves backward under the action of the spring to tighten the tool handle.

[0032] Further, in some embodiments, see Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 4The piston 302 is provided with an axially penetrating piston inner hole, the pull rod 200 axially passes through the piston inner hole and is connected to the first rotary joint 401 at the end, the cylinder body 301 is provided with a concave cavity 311 inside the shaft core inner hole 101, the concave cavity 311 extends from the end of the cylinder body 301 to the cylinder bottom 303, the first rotary joint 401 is arranged in the concave cavity 311, the cylinder body 301 is provided with a top cover 312 at the end of the concave cavity 311, the top cover 312 is provided with an axial floating mounting hole 313, a second rotary joint 402 is provided in the concave cavity 311, the second rotary joint 402 is installed in the axial floating mounting hole 313, the second rotary joint 402, the first rotary joint 401 and the pull rod 200 are provided with a central water hole, the second rotary joint 402 can move axially to dock or separate with the first rotary joint 401.

[0033] Combination Figure 4 When the shaft core 100 is running, the front end face of the second rotary joint 402 and the rear end face of the first rotary joint 401 are attached together, and the coolant for central cooling enters the cylinder body 301-top cover 312-second rotary joint 402-first rotary joint 401-pull rod 200 from the central cooling channel 403, and finally flows out from the front end of the pull rod 200, playing a role in cooling the tool during processing. In this embodiment, the cylinder body 301 is provided with a concave cavity 311 on the rear side of the piston cavity, and the central cooling structure is further provided in the shaft core inner hole 101, thereby further shortening the length of the spindle and making the spindle more applicable.

[0034] In some embodiments, see Figure 1 , Figure 2 The first rotary joint 401 is provided with an annular groove 404 on the end face of one side facing the first guide portion 309, and the first guide portion 309 is embedded in the annular groove 404. A labyrinth sealing structure is formed between the first guide portion 309 and the first rotary joint 401 to prevent the coolant overflowing between the second rotary joint 402 and the first rotary joint 401 from entering the interior of the spindle and damaging the internal parts of the spindle, thereby protecting the spindle.

[0035] In some embodiments, see Figure 3 The first rotary joint 401 is provided with a sensing surface, and the inner wall of the concave cavity 311 is provided with a sensor assembly 500 for detecting the sensing surface. For example, in some embodiments, the first rotary joint 401 adopts a tapered outer peripheral surface, and the sensor assembly 500 adopts a distance sensor. When the pull rod 200 moves along the axial direction, the sensor assembly 500 can detect the distance change with the sensing surface and sense the state of the spindle broaching and tooling. The state of the spindle broaching and tooling is transmitted to the machine tool by the sensor assembly 500 sensing the sensing surface of the floating end of the rotary joint, so as to realize the control of the state of the machine tool tooling and tooling.

[0036] In some embodiments, see Figure 1 , Figure 2The spindle structure also includes a rear bearing seat 600, and the shaft core 100 is supported on the rear bearing seat 600 through a rear bearing 601. The end of the cylinder body 301 is provided with a tail seat 315 outside the end of the shaft core 100, and the tail seat 315 extends radially outward. The tail seat 315 is fixedly connected to the rear bearing seat 600 to achieve fixed installation of the cylinder assembly 300.

[0037] Further, see Figure 4 The rear bearing 601 is locked to the shoulder of the shaft core 100 through the rear bearing locking nut 602. The tailstock 313 is connected to the rear bearing seat 600, and a sealing cavity 603 is formed to cover the rear bearing locking nut 602 inside. The sealing cavity 603 is provided with an air seal sleeve 604 connected to the tailstock 315 and / or the rear bearing seat 600. The air seal sleeve 604 is in clearance with the outer peripheral surface of the rear bearing locking nut 602. The inner wall surface of the air seal sleeve 604 is provided with an annular groove, and the air seal sleeve 604 is provided with an air inlet 605 extending to the annular groove. The air curtain seal airflow enters the rear bearing seat 600-air seal sleeve 604-the gap between the air seal sleeve 604 and the rear bearing locking nut 602-the gap between the shaft core 100 and the cylinder body 301-the gap between the shaft core 100 and the pull rod 200 from the air inlet 605. This air path can protect the rear bearing from dust and impurities, and prevent the spindle from being invaded by coolant and other impurities.

[0038] Further, see Figure 4 The cylinder body 301 is provided with an overflow hole 314 connected from the bottom of the concave cavity 311 to the outside of the tailstock 315. The air curtain seal airflow enters the rear bearing seat 600-air seal sleeve 604-the gap between the air seal sleeve 604 and the rear bearing locking nut 602-the gap between the shaft core 100 and the cylinder body 301-the gap between the shaft core 100 and the tie rod 200 from the air inlet hole 605, and finally blows out from the overflow hole 314. If the coolant of the central cooling overflows from the fitting surface of the second rotary joint 402 and the first rotary joint 401, this airflow can blow out the coolant of the central cooling and flow from the overflow hole 314 to the outside of the spindle, so as to prevent the coolant of the central cooling from entering the inside of the spindle and damaging the internal parts of the spindle, thereby protecting the spindle.

[0039] The present invention provides a main shaft, comprising the main shaft structure in any one of the above embodiments.

[0040] The present invention provides a machine tool, comprising the spindle in any one of the above embodiments.

[0041] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "example", "embodiment" or "some embodiments" etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

[0042] Of course, the invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and those skilled in the art may make equivalent modifications or substitutions without violating the spirit of the invention, and these equivalent modifications or substitutions are all included in the scope defined by the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A spindle structure, characterized in that: It includes an axis core, a pull rod and a cylinder assembly, the axis core is provided with an axis core inner hole, the pull rod is arranged in the axis core inner hole, the cylinder assembly includes a cylinder body and a piston, the cylinder body is inserted into the axis core inner hole by the end of the axis core, the cylinder body and the hole wall clearance of the axis core inner hole are matched, the cylinder body is provided with a piston cavity inside the axis core inner hole, the piston is arranged in the piston cavity, and the piston cooperates with the pull rod to drive the pull rod to move along the axis core inner hole.

2. The spindle structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cylinder body is provided with a cylinder bottom and a cylinder cover at both ends of the piston chamber, and the cylinder bottom and the cylinder cover are provided with a piston guide hole. The piston is provided with a first guide portion and a second guide portion extending axially to both sides, the first guide portion is arranged in the piston guide hole of the cylinder bottom, the second guide portion is arranged in the piston guide hole of the cylinder cover, and the pull rod is provided with an axial surface capable of abutting against the second guide portion.

3. The spindle structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The piston is provided with an inner hole extending axially therethrough, the pull rod passes through the inner hole of the piston axially and is connected to a first rotary joint at the end thereof, the cylinder body is provided with a concave cavity inside the inner hole of the shaft core, the concave cavity extends from the end of the cylinder body to the bottom of the cylinder, the first rotary joint is arranged in the concave cavity, the cylinder body is provided with a top cover at the end of the concave cavity, the top cover is provided with an axial floating mounting hole, a second rotary joint is provided in the concave cavity, the second rotary joint is installed in the axial floating mounting hole, the second rotary joint, the first rotary joint and the pull rod are provided with a central water hole, the second rotary joint can move axially to dock or separate with the first rotary joint.

4. The spindle structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first rotary joint is provided with an annular groove on an end surface on one side facing the first guide portion, and the first guide portion is embedded in the annular groove.

5. The spindle structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The first rotary joint is provided with a sensing surface, and the inner wall of the concave cavity is provided with a sensor component for detecting the sensing surface.

6. The spindle structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The spindle structure also includes a rear bearing seat, the shaft core is supported on the rear bearing seat through a rear bearing, and the end of the cylinder body is provided with a tail seat outside the end of the shaft core, and the tail seat is fixedly connected to the rear bearing seat.

7. The spindle structure according to claim 6, characterized in that: The rear bearing is locked to the shoulder of the shaft core by a rear bearing locking nut, the tailstock is connected to the rear bearing seat, and a sealing cavity is formed to cover the rear bearing locking nut inside, an air sealing sleeve connected to the tailstock and / or the rear bearing seat is provided in the sealing cavity, the air sealing sleeve is clearance-matched with the outer circumferential surface of the rear bearing locking nut, an annular groove is provided on the inner wall surface of the air sealing sleeve, and an air inlet hole extending to the annular groove is provided in the air sealing sleeve.

8. The spindle structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cylinder body is provided with a cylinder resetting oil circuit and a cylinder cutting oil circuit which are communicated with the piston chamber.

9. A spindle, characterized in that: A main shaft structure comprising any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. A machine tool, characterized in that: Comprising the main shaft as claimed in claim 9.

Images