New energy vehicle high-voltage system and vehicle with same

Abstract

The invention provides a new energy vehicle high-voltage system and a vehicle with the same. The new energy automobile high-voltage system comprises a power battery, a power distribution unit and a diagnosis controller. The power distribution unit is electrically connected with the power battery, the power distribution unit internally comprises a plurality of power distribution branches used for being conducted with different electric loads, a first electronic fuse module is arranged in the power distribution unit, and a plurality of electronic fuse control channels are packaged in the first electronic fuse module; the plurality of electronic insurance control channels and the plurality of power distribution branches are correspondingly connected in series; when the current detected by the diagnosis controller exceeds a preset overcurrent value, the corresponding electronic insurance control channel is controlled to be disconnected; and when the current of the power distribution branch exceeds the short-circuit detection value, the corresponding electronic insurance control channel is automatically controlled to be in a disconnected short-circuit triggering state, so that the problems of slow fault response and insufficient safety of a high-voltage framework in the prior art are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of electronic technology, and more particularly to a new energy vehicle high voltage system and a vehicle equipped with the same. Background Art

[0003] Existing Technology Electric vehicles (EV), plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV), and extended-range electric vehicles (REEV) are the mainstream trends of new energy vehicles. Due to their economy, environmental protection and complete closed-loop products, they have developed rapidly around the world in recent years. In particular, extended-range electric vehicles (REEV), through the dual energy layout of internal combustion engines and batteries, achieve efficient and clean combustion of the engine and efficient energy conversion of motor drive, and more effectively solve the pain points of short battery life and difficult charging of electric vehicles. Among them, the high-voltage architecture, as the core nerve center of REEV, directly determines the energy consumption and battery life of the entire vehicle, and is the key technology that distinguishes REEV from traditional fuel vehicles.

[0004] The biggest feature of electric vehicles is that they have high-voltage and high-current power circuits. In addition to general automotive safety requirements, they must also meet special protection requirements for high voltage and high current, and must ensure vehicle operation safety and the personal safety of drivers and passengers. However, the commonly used high-voltage architecture is in the form of relays + fuses. The disadvantage of this structure is that it cannot shut down the high-voltage circuit in time, which can easily cause damage to the vehicle in the event of overcurrent or short circuit, and even endanger the safety of the people on the vehicle.

[0005] To address the above problems, no effective solution has been proposed yet. Summary of the invention

[0006] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a new energy vehicle high voltage system and a vehicle equipped therewith, so as to solve the problems of slow fault response and insufficient safety of the high voltage architecture in the prior art.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, according to one aspect of the present invention, a new energy vehicle high-voltage system is provided, comprising: a power battery; a power distribution unit, the power distribution unit is electrically connected to the power battery, the power distribution unit comprises a plurality of power distribution branches for conducting with different power loads, a first electronic fuse module is arranged in the power distribution unit, the first electronic fuse module encapsulates a plurality of electronic insurance control channels, the plurality of electronic insurance control channels are arranged corresponding to the plurality of power distribution branches, and each electronic insurance control channel is connected in series with the corresponding power distribution branch; a diagnostic controller, the diagnostic controller is used to collect the current of at least one power distribution branch and control the disconnection of the corresponding electronic insurance control channel when the detected current exceeds a preset overcurrent value; the first electronic fuse module has a short-circuit trigger state for automatically controlling the disconnection of the corresponding electronic insurance control channel when the current of at least one power distribution branch exceeds a short-circuit detection value.

[0008] Furthermore, a first IGBT module is provided on at least one electronic insurance control channel. The first IGBT module has a gate. The first IGBT module receives a level signal from a diagnostic controller through the gate to control a conductive path of the first IGBT module, thereby controlling the on and off of the first IGBT module.

[0009] Furthermore, at least one electronic insurance control channel is connected in series with a freewheeling diode, which is arranged between the first IGBT module and the electrical load, and is used to consume the electrical energy stored in the capacitor of the electrical load when the electronic insurance control channel is disconnected.

[0010] Furthermore, anti-parallel diodes are connected in parallel at both ends of the first IGBT module, and the anti-parallel diodes are used to provide a current path for the inductive load when the first IGBT module is in the off state, so as to avoid electromagnetic interference caused by sudden current changes in the electronic insurance control channel.

[0011] Furthermore, the high-voltage system of the new energy vehicle also includes a first relay, one end of the first relay is electrically connected to the power battery, the other end of the first relay is electrically connected to the power distribution unit, and the first relay is electrically connected to the diagnosis controller.

[0012] Further, the first relay comprises:

[0013] A main relay, one end of the main relay is electrically connected to the power battery, the other end of the main relay is electrically connected to the power distribution unit, the main relay is electrically connected to the diagnosis controller, and the main relay is a mechanical relay;

[0014] The pre-charging circuit is arranged in parallel with the main relay, and is used to reduce the voltage difference between the power battery and the power distribution unit before the main relay is closed.

[0015] Furthermore, an electronic fuse component is provided on the pre-charge circuit, and the electronic fuse component includes a second IGBT module and an anti-reverse diode connected in series with the second IGBT module, the second IGBT module has a first state of turning on the pre-charge circuit and a second state of turning off the pre-charge circuit, the second IGBT module is electrically connected to the diagnostic controller, and the anti-reverse diode has a cut-off state of cutting off the pre-charge circuit when the power load electrically connected to the power distribution unit includes a power supply.

[0016] Furthermore, the high-voltage system of the new energy vehicle also includes a second relay, the internal structure of the second relay is the same as the internal structure of the first relay, the input end of the main relay in the second relay is electrically connected to the power battery, the output end of the main relay in the second relay is electrically connected to multiple high-voltage load parts, the main relay is electrically connected to the diagnostic controller, and the high-voltage load part includes at least one of a DCDC converter, an auxiliary drive part, and a main drive part.

[0017] Furthermore, the high voltage system of the new energy vehicle also includes a filter, one end of the filter is electrically connected to the power battery, and the other end of the filter is connected to the second relay to conduct the second relay and the power battery.

[0018] According to another aspect of the present invention, a vehicle is provided, including a new energy vehicle high voltage system, where the new energy vehicle high voltage system is the new energy vehicle high voltage system described above.

[0019] A new energy vehicle high-voltage system is provided, comprising: a power battery; a power distribution unit, the power distribution unit is electrically connected to the power battery, the power distribution unit includes a plurality of power distribution branches for conducting with different power loads, a first electronic fuse module is arranged in the power distribution unit, the first electronic fuse module encapsulates a plurality of electronic insurance control channels, the plurality of electronic insurance control channels are arranged corresponding to the plurality of power distribution branches, and each electronic insurance control channel is connected in series with the corresponding power distribution branch; a diagnostic controller, the diagnostic controller is used to collect the current of at least one power distribution branch and control the disconnection of the corresponding electronic insurance control channel when the detected current exceeds a preset overcurrent value; the first electronic fuse module has a short-circuit trigger state for automatically controlling the disconnection of the corresponding electronic insurance control channel when the current of at least one power distribution branch exceeds a short-circuit detection value.

[0020] By applying the technical solution of the present invention, the first electronic fuse module is integrated into the power distribution unit to realize the current control of the power battery output to each power load. Multiple electronic insurance control channels and power branches in the first electronic fuse module are connected in series. When overcurrent or short circuit is detected, the high-voltage system immediately disconnects the circuit, effectively avoiding the problems of slow response, high cost and non-reusability of traditional relays and fuses, reducing maintenance costs and optimizing spatial layout. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] The drawings constituting a part of the present application are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the drawings:

[0022] Figure 1 A system block diagram of an embodiment of a new energy vehicle high voltage system according to the present invention is shown;

[0023] Figure 2 It shows a block diagram of the internal structure of a power distribution unit according to an embodiment of a new energy vehicle high voltage system of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 The internal structure block diagram of the first relay according to the embodiment of the new energy vehicle high voltage system of the present invention is shown.

[0025] The above drawings include the following reference numerals:

[0026] 1. Power battery;

[0027] 2. Power distribution unit; 21. Power distribution branch;

[0028] 3. Electrical load;

[0029] 4. First electronic fuse module; 41. Electronic insurance control channel; 42. First IGBT module; 43. Freewheeling diode; 44. Anti-parallel diode;

[0030] 5. First relay; 51. Main relay; 52. Pre-charge circuit; 53. Second IGBT module; 54. Anti-reverse diode;

[0031] 6. Second relay;

[0032] 7. DCDC converter;

[0033] 8. Auxiliary driving department;

[0034] 9. Main drive department;

[0035] 10. Range extension unit;

[0036] 11. Filter;

[0037] 12. Fast charging unit;

[0038] 13. Diagnostic controller. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with the embodiments.

[0040] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprise" and / or "include" are used in this specification, it indicates the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components and / or combinations thereof.

[0041] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification and claims of the present application and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the terms used in this way can be interchangeable where appropriate, so that the embodiments of the present application described herein can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described herein, for example. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any of their variations are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions, for example, a process, method, system, product or device that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units that are clearly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0042] Now, exemplary embodiments according to the present application will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, these exemplary embodiments may be implemented in a variety of different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments described herein. It should be understood that these embodiments are provided to make the disclosure of the present application thorough and complete, and to fully convey the concepts of these exemplary embodiments to those of ordinary skill in the art. In the accompanying drawings, for the sake of clarity, the thickness of the layers and regions may be enlarged, and the same reference numerals are used to represent the same devices, and thus their descriptions will be omitted.

[0043] Combination Figures 1 to 3 As shown, according to a specific embodiment of the present application, a new energy vehicle high voltage system and a vehicle equipped therewith are provided.

[0044] Specifically, Figure 1As shown, the high-voltage system of the new energy vehicle includes: a power battery 1, a power distribution unit 2 and a diagnostic controller 13. The power distribution unit 2 is electrically connected to the power battery 1, and includes a plurality of power distribution branches 21 for conducting with different power loads 3. A first electronic fuse module 4 is provided in the power distribution unit 2, and the first electronic fuse module 4 encapsulates a plurality of electronic insurance control channels 41, and the plurality of electronic insurance control channels 41 are arranged corresponding to the plurality of power distribution branches 21, and each electronic insurance control channel 41 is connected in series with the corresponding power distribution branch 21; the diagnostic controller 13 is used to collect the current of at least one power distribution branch 21 and control the disconnection of the corresponding electronic insurance control channel 41 when the detected current exceeds the preset overcurrent value; the first electronic fuse module 4 has a short-circuit trigger state that automatically controls the disconnection of the corresponding electronic insurance control channel 41 when the current of at least one power distribution branch 21 exceeds the short-circuit detection value.

[0045] By applying the technical solution of the present invention, the first electronic fuse module is integrated into the power distribution unit to realize the current control of the power battery output to each power load. Multiple electronic insurance control channels and power branches in the first electronic fuse module are connected in series. When overcurrent or short circuit is detected, the high-voltage system immediately disconnects the circuit, effectively avoiding the problems of slow response, high cost and non-reusability of traditional relays and fuses, reducing maintenance costs and optimizing spatial layout.

[0046] Furthermore, a first IGBT module 42 is provided on at least one electronic insurance control channel 41 , and the first IGBT module 42 has a gate. The first IGBT module 42 receives a current signal from the diagnostic controller 13 through the gate to control the conductive path of the first IGBT module 42 , thereby controlling the on and off of the first IGBT module 42 .

[0047] It should be further explained that IGBT is a composite power semiconductor device, and its structure combines the high-speed switching characteristics of MOSFET (metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor) and the low on-state voltage drop characteristics of bipolar transistor (BJT). The gate forms a control loop with the emitter (Emitter, E end) and collector (Collector, C end) of the IGBT. The gate is the IGBT control port. When the gate is applied with a positive voltage relative to the emitter, the IGBT is turned on, and the current can flow between the collector and the emitter; when the gate voltage drops below a certain value, the IGBT is turned off to prevent the current from flowing. Therefore, the gate quickly turns off the first IGBT module 42 in abnormal conditions such as overcurrent and overvoltage by receiving the current signal sent by the diagnostic controller 13, reducing the damage to the power device, thereby providing system protection.

[0048] like Figure 2As shown, multiple electronic insurance control channels 41 in the power distribution unit 2 are arranged in series with multiple power distribution branches 21, and a first IGBT module 42 is arranged on the electronic insurance control channel 41. Each electronic insurance control channel 41 and each power distribution branch 21 are connected to different power loads 3. If multiple power loads 3 are arranged in parallel, then multiple first IGBT modules 42 are also arranged in parallel. The IGBT modules arranged in parallel can significantly increase the current carrying capacity of the system and provide redundancy for the high-voltage system. If one of the modules fails or requires maintenance, the other modules can still continue to work, ensuring that the high-voltage system will not fail immediately, thereby improving the stability and reliability of the entire high-voltage architecture.

[0049] Specifically, at least one electronic insurance control channel 41 is connected in series with a freewheeling diode 43, which is arranged between the first IGBT module 42 and the power load 3. The freewheeling diode 43 is used to consume the electric energy stored in the capacitor of the power load 3 when the electronic insurance control channel 41 is disconnected, so as to avoid electric shock when people touch it.

[0050] like Figure 2 As shown, one end of the freewheeling diode 43 is electrically connected to the first IGBT module 42, and the other end of the freewheeling diode 43 is electrically connected to the power load 3. When the first IGBT module 42 is turned on, the capacitor in the power load 3 connected in series with it will generate a reverse electromotive force to try to maintain the flow of current. If there is no freewheeling diode 43, this reverse electromotive force will form a very high voltage at both ends of the first IGBT module 42, which may cause the breakdown and damage of the first IGBT module 42. When the freewheeling diode 43 is disconnected from the electronic insurance control channel 41, the electric energy stored in the capacitor of the power load 3 is released through the freewheeling diode 43, converted into heat or absorbed by other circuits, thereby protecting the first IGBT module 42 from overvoltage damage, and also helping to ensure that the circuit will not generate current shocks due to residual magnetic field energy when the electronic insurance control channel 41 is turned on again, thereby improving the safety and stability of the entire high-voltage system.

[0051] It should be further explained that, due to the forward conduction characteristic of the freewheeling diode 43, it only allows the current to flow back from the power load 3 to the power supply after the first IGBT module 42 is turned off, but not to flow in the reverse direction when the first IGBT module 42 is turned on. This unidirectional conductive characteristic is crucial to ensure the normal flow of current and avoid current confusion in the circuit.

[0052] Furthermore, an anti-parallel diode 44 is connected in parallel to both ends of the first IGBT module 42, and the anti-parallel diode 44 is used to provide a current path for the inductive load when the first IGBT module 42 is in the off state, so as to avoid electromagnetic interference caused by a sudden change in current in the electronic insurance control channel 41. The purpose of providing the anti-parallel diode 44 is to protect the system from voltage spikes caused by the back electromotive force (back EMF) of the inductive load.

[0053] It should be known to those skilled in the art that inductive loads refer to electrical devices or components that rely mainly on magnetic field energy to operate during operation. Such loads usually contain inductance in the circuit. In the high-voltage system of new energy vehicles, inductive loads mainly include but are not limited to: drive motors, relays, and other devices containing inductance. Take the motor as an example: when the motor is working and current flows in the motor coil, the inductance will store some energy. When the IGBT (insulated gate bipolar transistor) module in the motor control circuit switches from the on state to the off state, since the current cannot be stopped immediately, the current in the motor coil will try to continue to flow, which will cause the motor coil to generate a reverse electromotive force (i.e., back electromotive force), which can sometimes be very high, far exceeding the power supply voltage, and may damage the IGBT module or other electronic components.

[0054] like Figure 2 As shown, an anti-parallel diode 44 is formed in each electronic insurance control channel 41 to form an anti-parallel connection with the first IGBT module 42. In applications such as motor drive and switching power supply, the load often contains inductance. When the first IGBT module 42 is suddenly turned off, the magnetic field energy in the inductive load will try to be released in the form of reverse current in the circuit. If there is no appropriate current path, this will cause the first IGBT module to withstand a voltage spike. In this embodiment, the anti-parallel diode 44 is anti-parallel connected to the first IGBT module 42. The anti-parallel diode 44 provides such a current path, so that the current in the inductive load can be released smoothly, effectively avoiding the damage caused by the voltage spike to the first IGBT module, and extending the service life of the device.

[0055] Furthermore, the high-voltage system of the new energy vehicle also includes a first relay 5, one end of the first relay 5 is electrically connected to the power battery 1, the other end of the first relay 5 is electrically connected to the power distribution unit 2, and the first relay 5 is electrically connected to the diagnostic controller 13. As a switch in the high-voltage circuit, the first relay 5 can disconnect the connection between the power battery 1 and the power distribution unit 2 when the vehicle starts, stops or fails, thereby isolating the circuit. This isolation function is crucial to protecting the high-voltage system from the influence of faults such as overcurrent and short circuit, and improves the safety and stability of the system. The first relay 5 is electrically connected to the diagnostic controller 13, and through the signal control of the diagnostic controller 13, the first relay 5 can respond to the system command to realize the on and off of the high-voltage circuit. When the vehicle is operating normally, the first relay 5 is closed to allow the high-voltage current to pass; when it is necessary to disconnect the high-voltage circuit or perform fault protection, the diagnostic controller 13 will send a signal to disconnect the first relay 5 to prevent the current from passing and ensure the safety of personnel and equipment.

[0056] Specifically, the first relay 5 includes: a main relay 51 and a pre-charging circuit 52. One end of the main relay 51 is electrically connected to the power battery 1, the other end of the main relay 51 is electrically connected to the power distribution unit 2, and the main relay 51 is electrically connected to the diagnostic controller 13. The main relay 51 is a mechanical relay. The main relay 51 can be used as a safety switch in the high-voltage circuit. When the diagnostic controller 13 detects that there is an overcurrent, short circuit or other electrical fault in the system, it can immediately cut off the electrical connection between the power battery 1 and the power distribution unit 2 to prevent the fault from further expanding and protect the high-voltage system and other vehicle electronic equipment from damage. The pre-charging circuit 52 is arranged in parallel with the main relay 51, and the pre-charging circuit 52 is used to reduce the voltage difference between the power battery 1 and the power distribution unit 2 before the main relay 51 is closed. At the initial stage of the high-voltage system startup, each power load 3 has not yet been charged. If the main relay 51 is directly closed, the high-voltage power supply of the power battery 1 is directly connected to the power load 3, which will cause the voltage across the power load 3 to rise rapidly from 0V to the battery voltage, generating a large instantaneous current. The pre-charging circuit 52 works in parallel with the main relay 51. Slow charging is first performed through the pre-charging circuit 52 to achieve a smooth transition of voltage. When the power distribution unit 2 is close to the voltage of the power battery 1, the pre-charging circuit 52 is disconnected, the main relay 51 is closed, and the voltage on the power distribution unit 2 is consistent with the power battery 1, thereby avoiding overvoltage in the high-voltage system.

[0057] In an alternative embodiment, the pre-charging circuit 52 further includes a pre-charging resistor for reducing current impact during the pre-charging stage. The addition of the pre-charging resistor limits the charging current to a safe range, further optimizes the pre-charging process, reduces the impact on the battery and the system, and prolongs the service life of the entire high-voltage system.

[0058] It is known to those skilled in the art that a mechanical relay is composed of multiple key components, mainly including: an electromagnetic coil, an iron core, a contact system (consisting of a normally open contact and a normally closed contact), a reaction spring and a housing. The working principle of a mechanical relay is based on electromagnetic induction. When the control circuit provides current to the electromagnetic coil, a magnetic field is generated inside the coil, attracting the iron core to move. The movement of the iron core is transmitted to the contact system through a connecting rod or other mechanical connection mechanism, causing the normally open contact to close and the normally closed contact to open. The closing or opening of the contacts connects or disconnects the circuit controlled by the relay. When the control circuit is powered off, the magnetic field of the electromagnetic coil disappears, and the reaction spring restores the iron core to its original position, returning the contacts to their initial state, that is, the normally open contact opens again and the normally closed contact closes again.

[0059] Specifically, an electronic fuse assembly is provided on the pre-charge circuit 52, and the electronic fuse assembly includes a second IGBT module 53 and an anti-reverse diode 54 connected in series with the second IGBT module 53. The second IGBT module 53 has a first state of conducting the pre-charge circuit 52 and a second state of disconnecting the pre-charge circuit 52. The second IGBT module 53 is electrically connected to the diagnosis controller 13. The second IGBT module 53 receives a current signal sent by the diagnosis controller 13. In abnormal conditions such as overcurrent and overvoltage, the second IGBT module 53 is in the second state of disconnection. In the case of normal operation of the voltage system, the second IGBT module 53 is in the first state of conduction. The anti-reverse diode 54 has a cut-off state of cutting off the pre-charge circuit 52 when the power load 3 electrically connected to the power distribution unit 2 includes a power supply.

[0060] It is important to know that the anti-reverse diode 54, which is usually a Schottky diode, a fast recovery diode or a body diode, is an electronic component designed to prevent the reverse flow of current. In the circuit, the anti-reverse diode 54 can ensure that the current flows in only one direction (from the power battery 1 to the power load 3 in this embodiment), and even if the load is suddenly disconnected or the system fails, the current can be prevented from flowing back, thereby maintaining the stability and safety of the circuit.

[0061] The anti-reverse diode 54 has the following characteristics:

[0062] 1. Low forward voltage drop: The anti-reverse diode 54 will have a lower voltage drop when it is forward-conducting, which means that under normal working conditions, the power consumption of the anti-reverse diode will be lower, thereby improving the efficiency of the entire circuit;

[0063] 2. High switching speed: The switching speed of the anti-reverse diode 54 during forward conduction and reverse cutoff is very fast, which means that using the anti-reverse diode in the circuit can reduce the energy loss during the switching process and improve the response speed of the circuit;

[0064] 3. Good reverse recovery characteristics: After the anti-reverse diode 54 is forward-conducted, it can quickly switch from the on state to the off state when the voltage switches in the reverse direction, thereby reducing the impact of the reverse voltage and protecting other devices from damage by the reverse voltage.

[0065] like Figure 3 As shown, in this embodiment, one end of the anti-reverse diode 54 is electrically connected to the second IGBT module 53 and is located on the pre-charging circuit 52, one end of the anti-reverse diode 54 is electrically connected to the power load 3, and the anti-reverse diode 54 is arranged in parallel with the main relay 51. Under normal circumstances, when the current flows forward from the power battery 1 through the anti-reverse diode 54, it is in a conducting state, allowing the current to pass through and participate in the pre-charging process. When the power load 3 contains its own power supply, for example, in some cases the power load 3 has an auxiliary power supply or another group of batteries, and the voltage of these power supplies may be higher than or equal to the voltage of the power battery 1, if the circuit does not have appropriate protection measures, the current may try to flow back from the power load 3 to the power battery 1 or the pre-charging circuit 52. At this time, the reverse cutoff characteristic of the anti-reverse diode 54 comes into play, which will prevent this reverse current, ensure that the current does not flow back, and protect the power battery 1 and the pre-charging circuit 52 from damage.

[0066] Optionally, in this embodiment, the anti-reverse diode 54 may also work in conjunction with the diagnostic controller 13. When it is detected that the internal voltage of the electrical load 3 has a risk of reverse current, measures can be taken, such as disconnecting the second IGBT module 53 or the main relay 51 in the pre-charging circuit 52, to ensure that the anti-reverse diode 54 can effectively block the reverse current, thereby maintaining the safe and stable operation of the entire high-voltage system.

[0067] Furthermore, the high-voltage system of the new energy vehicle also includes a second relay 6, the internal structure of the second relay 6 is the same as the internal structure of the first relay 5, the input end of the main relay 51 in the second relay 6 is electrically connected to the power battery 1, and the output end of the main relay 51 in the second relay 6 is electrically connected to multiple high-voltage load parts, the main relay 51 is electrically connected to the diagnostic controller 13, and the high-voltage load part includes at least one of the DCDC converter 7, the auxiliary drive part 8, and the main drive part 9.

[0068] like Figure 1 As shown, the second relay 6 is arranged in parallel with the first relay 5 and is divided into two parts. The output end of the main relay 51 in the second relay 6 is electrically connected to multiple high-voltage load parts. The multiple high-voltage load parts are arranged in parallel and work independently without interfering with each other. In this embodiment, the main drive part 9 is a three-phase bridge controlling the drive motor, which controls the drive motor to provide power for the car; the auxiliary drive part 8 is a three-phase bridge controlling the air pump motor, which controls the air pump motor to provide steering for the car; the main function of the DCDC converter 7 is to charge the low-voltage battery of the vehicle; Figure 1As shown, the solid arrow is the direction of high-voltage current, and the dotted arrow is the direction of current signal transmission. The power battery 1 supplies power to the entire high-voltage system. When the second relay 6 is closed, the current flows through the main relay 51 to the DCDC converter 7, the auxiliary drive unit 8, and the main drive unit 9 to supply power to them. When the main relay 51 receives the current signal from the diagnostic controller 13 in abnormal conditions such as overcurrent and overvoltage, the second IGBT module 53 in the second relay 6 is quickly turned off to protect the circuit.

[0069] Further, the high-voltage system of the new energy vehicle also includes a filter 11, one end of the filter 11 is electrically connected to the power battery 1, and the other end of the filter 11 is connected to the second relay 6, so that the second relay 6 is turned on by the power battery 1. For the power battery 1 of the new energy vehicle, the output direct current may have ripples. This current fluctuation will not only reduce the efficiency of the system, but also may damage sensitive electronic components. The filter 11 can smooth these ripples and provide a purer direct current. In the present embodiment, the main function of the filter 11 is to ensure that the current and voltage signals in the high-voltage system are pure, reduce or eliminate interference clutter in the circuit, and improve the stability and efficiency of the system.

[0070] Optionally, the high-voltage system of the new energy vehicle also includes a fast charging unit 12. Considering the high-voltage characteristics of new energy vehicles, the fast charging unit 12 is designed with special attention to charging safety. In this high-voltage system, when the power battery 1 is low on power, the diagnostic controller 13 controls the first relay 5 and the second relay 6 to turn off, and the power battery 1 is charged through the fast charging unit 12. Disconnecting the first relay 5 and the second relay 6 during fast charging can isolate the power battery 1 from other high-voltage systems of the vehicle (such as main drive, auxiliary drive, DCDC converter, etc.), prevent the charging current from interfering with or damaging other systems of the vehicle, ensure the normal operation of other systems of the vehicle, and optimize the charging process and improve charging efficiency.

[0071] Optionally, the high-voltage system of the new energy vehicle also includes a range extender 10, which is designed to extend the driving range of the new energy vehicle, especially to provide an additional source of power when the battery is low or cannot be charged immediately. The range extender 10 converts the energy of fuel (such as gasoline, diesel) into electrical energy through a range extender generator. The range extender 10 works in conjunction with other parts of the high-voltage system, and is connected to the DCDC converter 7, the auxiliary drive unit 8, the main drive unit 9, etc. through the second relay 6, and is monitored and controlled by the diagnostic controller 13. This synergy ensures that the range extender 10 can quickly and safely intervene in the high-voltage system when needed to provide additional electrical energy.

[0072] like Figure 1As shown, it is a system block diagram of the high-voltage system of a new energy vehicle. It can be seen that the position layout of each component can be divided into four layers from top to bottom. The diagnostic controller 13 is located on the first layer, which is used to receive the current signal of the power battery 1, the first relay 5, the second relay 6, and the fast charging unit 12. The second layer is the power battery 1 and the filter 11 connected in series. The third layer is the first relay 5 and the second relay 6. The first relay 5 and the second relay 6 are arranged in parallel and divided into two major parts. The power battery 1 directly transmits the current to the first relay 5. The current of the power battery 1 is purified by the filter and then transmitted to the second relay 6 to avoid damage to sensitive electronic components. The fourth layer of the high-voltage system is divided into four parts. These four parts are arranged in parallel, from left to right: fast charging unit 12, power distribution unit 2, high-voltage load unit (including DCDC converter 7, auxiliary drive unit 8, main drive unit 9), and range extender 10. The fast charging unit 12 is electrically connected to the power battery 1, the power distribution unit 2 is electrically connected to the first relay 5, and the high-voltage load unit and the range extender 10 are both electrically connected to the second relay 6.

[0073] From the above description, it can be seen that the above embodiments of the present invention achieve the following technical effects:

[0074] 1. This solution uses the first electronic fuse module to replace the traditional relay + insurance mode, so that the high-voltage architecture can respond quickly and automatically disconnect related circuits when facing overcurrent, short circuit and other faults, greatly improving the protection response speed of the system, reducing possible damage, and enhancing the safety of personnel and vehicles. The first electronic fuse module is integrated into the power distribution unit to reduce the space occupied by the high-voltage system in the vehicle interior.

[0075] 2. By arranging the second IGBT module 53 and the anti-reverse diode in the pre-charging circuit, the inrush current during startup is effectively controlled, sensitive electronic components are protected, and the stability and safety of the circuit are maintained.

[0076] 3. Each electronic insurance control channel in the power distribution unit 2 is connected in series with the corresponding power distribution branch. When the diagnostic controller detects that the current in the high-voltage circuit exceeds the preset overcurrent value, the electronic insurance control channel is automatically disconnected. When the current in the high-voltage circuit exceeds the short-circuit detection value, the corresponding electronic insurance control channel 41 is automatically controlled to disconnect and enter the short-circuit trigger state. When the fault is eliminated, there is no need to replace the device to return to the normal state, which greatly reduces maintenance costs and time.

[0077] The above embodiments can also be used in the field of equipment technology. That is, according to another aspect of the present invention, a vehicle is provided, including a new energy vehicle high-voltage system. The new energy vehicle high-voltage system is the new energy vehicle high-voltage system described in the above embodiments.

[0078] For ease of description, spatially relative terms such as "above", "above", "on the upper surface of", "above", etc. may be used here to describe the spatial positional relationship between a device or feature and other devices or features as shown in the figure. It should be understood that spatially relative terms are intended to include different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation described in the figure. For example, if the device in the accompanying drawings is inverted, the device described as "above other devices or structures" or "above other devices or structures" will be positioned as "below other devices or structures" or "below other devices or structures". Thus, the exemplary term "above" can include both "above" and "below". The device can also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatially relative descriptions used here are interpreted accordingly.

[0079] In addition to the above, it should be noted that "one embodiment", "another embodiment", "embodiment", etc. mentioned in this specification refer to the specific features, structures or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment included in at least one embodiment generally described in this application. The same expression appearing in multiple places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Further, when describing a specific feature, structure or characteristic in conjunction with any embodiment, it is claimed that the realization of such feature, structure or characteristic in conjunction with other embodiments also falls within the scope of the present invention.

[0080] In the above embodiments, the description of each embodiment has its own emphasis. For parts that are not described in detail in a certain embodiment, reference can be made to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.

[0081] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high voltage system for new energy vehicles, characterized in that: include: Power battery (1); A power distribution unit (2), the power distribution unit (2) being electrically connected to the power battery (1), the power distribution unit (2) comprising a plurality of power distribution branches (21) for conducting with different power loads (3), the power distribution unit (2) being provided with a first electronic fuse module (4), the first electronic fuse module (4) encapsulating a plurality of electronic insurance control channels (41), the plurality of electronic insurance control channels (41) being arranged corresponding to the plurality of power distribution branches (21), and each of the electronic insurance control channels (41) being connected in series with the corresponding power distribution branch (21); A diagnostic controller (13), the diagnostic controller (13) being used to collect the current of at least one of the power distribution branches (21) and control the disconnection of the corresponding electronic insurance control channel (41) when the detected current exceeds a preset overcurrent value; the first electronic fuse module (4) having a short-circuit triggering state for automatically controlling the disconnection of the corresponding electronic insurance control channel (41) when the current of at least one of the power distribution branches (21) exceeds a short-circuit detection value.

2. The new energy vehicle high voltage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A first IGBT module (42) is arranged on at least one of the electronic insurance control channels (41), the first IGBT module (42) having a gate, and the first IGBT module (42) receives a current signal sent by the diagnostic controller (13) through the gate to control the conductive path of the first IGBT module (42), thereby controlling the on and off of the first IGBT module (42).

3. The new energy vehicle high voltage system according to claim 2, characterized in that: At least one of the electronic safety control channels (41) is connected in series with a freewheeling diode (43), the freewheeling diode (43) being arranged between the first IGBT module (42) and the electrical load (3), the freewheeling diode (43) being used to consume the electrical energy stored in the capacitor of the electrical load (3) when the electronic safety control channel (41) is disconnected.

4. The new energy vehicle high voltage system according to claim 2, characterized in that: An anti-parallel diode (44) is connected in parallel to both ends of the first IGBT module (42), and the anti-parallel diode (44) is used to provide a current path for the inductive load when the first IGBT module (42) is in the off state, so as to avoid electromagnetic interference caused by a sudden change of current in the electronic fuse control channel (41).

5. The new energy vehicle high voltage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The new energy vehicle high voltage system further comprises a first relay (5), one end of the first relay (5) being electrically connected to the power battery (1), the other end of the first relay (5) being electrically connected to the power distribution unit (2), and the first relay (5) being electrically connected to the diagnostic controller (13).

6. The new energy vehicle high voltage system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The first relay (5) comprises: A main relay (51), one end of the main relay (51) being electrically connected to the power battery (1), the other end of the main relay (51) being electrically connected to the power distribution unit (2), the main relay (51) being electrically connected to the diagnosis controller (13), and the main relay (51) being a mechanical relay; A pre-charging circuit (52), the pre-charging circuit (52) being arranged in parallel with the main relay (51), the pre-charging circuit (52) being used to reduce the voltage difference between the power battery (1) and the power distribution unit (2) before the main relay (51) is closed.

7. The high voltage system for new energy vehicles according to claim 6, characterized in that: The pre-charging circuit (52) is provided with an electronic fuse component, the electronic fuse component comprising a second IGBT module (53) and an anti-reverse diode (54) connected in series with the second IGBT module (53), the second IGBT module (53) having a first state in which the pre-charging circuit (52) is turned on and a second state in which the pre-charging circuit (52) is turned off, the second IGBT module (53) is electrically connected to the diagnostic controller (13), and the anti-reverse diode (54) has an off state in which the pre-charging circuit (52) is turned off when the power load 3 electrically connected to the power distribution unit (2) includes a power supply.

8. The new energy vehicle high voltage system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The new energy vehicle high-voltage system further comprises a second relay (6), the internal structure of the second relay (6) being the same as the internal structure of the first relay (5), the input end of a main relay (51) in the second relay (6) being electrically connected to the power battery (1), the output end of the main relay (51) in the second relay (6) being electrically connected to a plurality of high-voltage load units, the main relay (51) being electrically connected to the diagnostic controller (13), and the high-voltage load unit comprising at least one of a DCDC converter (7), an auxiliary drive unit (8), and a main drive unit (9).

9. The new energy vehicle high voltage system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The new energy vehicle high voltage system further comprises a filter (11), one end of the filter (11) being electrically connected to the power battery (1), and the other end of the filter (11) being connected to the second relay (6) so that the second relay (6) and the power battery (1) are electrically connected.

10. A vehicle, comprising a new energy vehicle high voltage system, characterized in that: The new energy vehicle high voltage system is the new energy vehicle high voltage system according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

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