River and lake ecological restoration method

Abstract

The invention discloses an ecological restoration method for rivers and lakes, which relates to the technical field of ecological management and comprises the following steps: step 1, surveying river and lake basins to be restored; 2, detecting the use condition of each water inlet of the drainage basin; step 3, performing ecological dredging work on the detected drainage basin; 4, microorganisms in the drainage basin are intercepted through a biological filter screen; 5, ecological microorganism protection is established in the drainage basin; and 6, re-putting aquatic animals. By detecting the pollution condition of the drainage basin and each water inlet, the water quality condition and the microbe quantity condition of different drainage basins can be effectively analyzed, so that each area in the drainage basin can be better repaired, and the ecological microbe protection is established, so that the water quality condition and the microbe quantity condition of the drainage basin are greatly improved. Microorganisms and bacteria in the water quality of the drainage basin can be degraded through ecological microorganisms, so that the microorganisms and bacteria in the water quality can be effectively prevented from continuously growing, and harmful microorganisms and bacteria in the water quality can be degraded.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of ecological management, and in particular to a method for ecological restoration of rivers and lakes. Background Art

[0002] Ecological restoration refers to relying on the self-regulating ability of the ecosystem to make it evolve in an orderly direction, supplemented by artificial measures, so that the damaged ecosystem can be gradually restored; ecological restoration is committed to restoring the original appearance of ecosystems that have been damaged by natural mutations and human activities, so that the ecosystem can be better improved; and in the management of rivers and lakes, ecological restoration technology is often needed, but the existing methods of river and lake ecological restoration have some shortcomings, such as:

[0003] Application number: CN201911184814.4 A method for ecological restoration of urban lakes. The wave-breaking enclosure used in this method is different from the enclosure made of traditional mesh or PVC materials. It adopts an ecological and environmentally friendly permeable enclosure that can fluctuate with the water level. It has both environmental protection and ecological functions without affecting the water landscape, providing rich implementation experience for the ecological restoration of urban water bodies with large winds and waves;

[0004] However, in the actual restoration process, this method is difficult to detect and control the chemical components and microbial numbers in rivers and lakes, which may result in the submerged plants in the restored rivers and lakes being unable to degrade some chemical components and microorganisms, thereby reducing the speed of river and lake restoration and may result in poor river and lake restoration results.

[0005] So we proposed a method for river and lake ecological restoration to solve the problems raised above. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for ecological restoration of rivers and lakes to solve the problem raised by the above background technology that most of the river and lake restoration methods currently on the market are difficult to detect and control the chemical components and the number of microorganisms in rivers and lakes, which may lead to the situation that submerged plants in the restored rivers and lakes are difficult to degrade some chemical components and microorganisms, thereby reducing the speed of river and lake management and restoration, and may result in poor river and lake management and restoration effects.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for ecological restoration of rivers and lakes, comprising the following steps:

[0008] Step 1: Survey the river and lake basins that need to be restored to determine the area of ​​the ecological restoration basin, determine the location of silt in the basin using the interpolation method, test the soil at the bottom of the basin and along the bank, and test the water quality of the basin;

[0009] Step 2: Detect the usage of each water inlet in the basin, and conduct chemical tests on the pollution of each water inlet using chemical reagents, and then detect the distribution and growth of aquatic plants in the basin near each water inlet;

[0010] Step 3: Carry out ecological dredging work on the tested watershed, using underwater dredging to clean up the silt at the bottom of the watershed and near each water inlet, and at the same time clean up the excess aquatic plant roots at the bottom of the watershed and each water inlet;

[0011] Step 4: intercept the microorganisms in the watershed through the biological filter, so that the microorganisms and plankton in the watershed are filtered. When intercepting the microorganisms through the biological filter, biological agents can be added to the biological filter to better intercept the microorganisms in the watershed;

[0012] Step 5: Establish ecological microbial protection in the watershed to degrade harmful microorganisms and bacteria in the watershed, and also prevent aquatic plants from growing too fast;

[0013] Step 6: Re-stock aquatic animals to restore the ecological balance in the watershed and complete the ecological restoration of rivers and lakes.

[0014] By detecting the pollution situation in the river basin and each water inlet, the water quality and microbial quantity of different river basins can be effectively analyzed, so as to better repair various areas in the river basin. By establishing ecological microbial protection, the microorganisms and bacteria in the water quality of the river basin can be degraded by ecological microorganisms, thereby effectively preventing the continued growth of microorganisms and bacteria in the water quality, and being able to degrade harmful microorganisms and bacteria in the water quality.

[0015] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, before surveying the river and lake basins, aquatic animals in the basins can be initially driven away to avoid unexpected situations during the survey, and the ecological conditions of the basins can be preliminarily judged by observing the growth of aquatic animals.

[0016] The adoption of the above technical solution can prevent aquatic animals in the basin from destroying the survey work of the basin, thereby increasing the accuracy of the method when surveying the river and lake basin conditions.

[0017] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, when surveying the water pollution in a river basin, the degree of water alkalinity can be firstly surveyed by chemical reagents to determine the chemical concentration of the water in the river basin, and then the degree of bacterial activity in the water can be detected by chemical reagents to complete the water quality monitoring;

[0018] After the water quality survey of the basin is completed, the soil quality survey of the basin can be carried out. The soil at the bottom of the basin can be sampled and tested, and then the soil composition can be tested. This can determine the extent to which the water quality in the basin affects the soil quality and further determine the pollution of the water quality in the basin.

[0019] The use of the above technical solution can make it more convenient to survey the water quality and bottom silt soil in the basin, thereby increasing the accuracy of surveying the basin.

[0020] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, when testing the environment of the water inlet of a river basin, each water inlet can be tested by surveying the water pollution situation of the river basin, so as to determine the water pollution situation of the water inlet.

[0021] The adoption of the above technical solution can make it more convenient to observe each water inlet or clean the silt at the water inlet, thereby increasing the accuracy in surveying the watershed.

[0022] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, when conducting underwater dredging work, silt is excavated by a dredger and an auger drill, and then the silt is dehydrated and transported using an auger shaft transmission device, and the silt is bagged to support enclosures around the basin to reinforce the basin shore. When excess silt appears, the silt is discharged to avoid silt accumulation in the basin.

[0023] The use of the above technical solution can make the excess silt reinforce the shore. While protecting the shore, it can also make the silt maintain the original watershed ecology, thereby increasing the protectiveness when maintaining the watershed ecology.

[0024] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, when reinforcing the river basin bank, the bank needs to be one meter higher than the water surface of the basin, and aquatic plants must be attached to the silt surface so that the roots of the aquatic plants can fix the silt surface, thereby increasing the speed at which the silt is fixed and formed in supporting the river basin bank.

[0025] The use of the above technical solution can enable the roots of aquatic plants to fix silt, thereby preventing the silt from falling off. While strengthening the shore protection, the silt can also protect the ecology in the basin.

[0026] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, when establishing ecological microbial protection, a carrier microorganism device is placed into the water in the basin to degrade the microorganisms and bacteria in the water quality, and the carrier microorganism device includes an immobilized carrier, and the surface of the immobilized carrier is provided with capillaries, the interior of the immobilized carrier is provided with a carrier plate, and the top of the carrier plate is provided with a degrading microbial flora, and the bottom of the carrier plate is provided with a columnar biological carrier flora, and the bottom of the immobilized carrier is provided with a fixed floating bed.

[0027] The adoption of the above technical solution enables the immobilized carrier to be installed in the watershed through a fixed floating bed, thereby increasing the stability of the immobilized carrier during installation and making it more convenient to establish ecological microbial protection.

[0028] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the degradation microbial flora includes aerobic ammonia oxidizing flora and organic pollutant degrading flora, wherein the aerobic ammonia oxidizing flora is a type of chemolithotrophic inorganic autotrophic bacteria that can convert NH4+ into N02- under aerobic conditions, and its activities will directly or indirectly affect soil nutrient cycles, water eutrophication, greenhouse gases (N20) and ecosystem functions;

[0029] The organic pollutant-degrading bacterial community consists of two parts: organic matter-degrading bacteria and biochar. It can degrade chemical components in water quality, and its activities can affect the chemical content and microbial content in water quality.

[0030] The use of the above technical solution can enable aerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria and organic pollutant degrading bacteria to degrade different chemical components and microorganisms in the water quality respectively, thereby increasing the efficiency of the immobilized carrier in repairing the water quality in the basin.

[0031] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the columnar biological carrier group is a carrier setting for the degrading microbial flora, and the degrading microbial flora is carried by ion adsorption, embedding and association, so that the degrading microbial flora can be fixed in the immobilized carrier as a whole with the columnar biological carrier group, and the carrier plate is a perforated plate, and its main function is to determine the fixed position of the degrading microbial flora with the columnar biological carrier group.

[0032] The above technical solution can make the immobilized carrier more stable when carrying the microbial flora, thereby increasing the firmness of the immobilized carrier during installation.

[0033] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, when re-stocking aquatic organisms to restore the ecological condition of a watershed, artificial lighting can be used to provide a strong artificial light source to illuminate the watershed, so as to determine the restoration status of each watershed, and then aquatic organisms can be stocked to improve the survival of aquatic organisms in the watershed. When stocking aquatic organisms, native aquatic organisms from rivers and lakes need to be stocked to ensure the ecological balance in the watershed.

[0034] The adoption of the above technical solution can restore the original ecology of rivers and lakes through native aquatic organisms after the restoration of rivers and lakes is completed, so that the ecological balance of rivers and lakes will not be destroyed after the restoration.

[0035] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: by detecting the pollution conditions in the watershed and at each water inlet, the water quality and the number of microorganisms in different watersheds can be effectively analyzed, so as to better repair each area in the watershed, and by establishing ecological microbial protection, the microorganisms and bacteria in the water quality of the watershed can be degraded by ecological microorganisms, thereby effectively preventing the continued growth of microorganisms and bacteria in the water quality, and degrading harmful microorganisms and bacteria in the water quality;

[0036] Furthermore, by attaching aquatic plants to the surface of the shore mud, the roots of the aquatic plants can fix the mud, thereby preventing the mud from falling off, strengthening the shore protection while also allowing the mud to protect the ecology in the basin;

[0037] Furthermore, by providing a columnar biological carrier group, the immobilized carrier can be more stable when carrying the microbial flora, thereby increasing the firmness of the immobilized carrier during installation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the process structure of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the watershed survey process of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the ecological microbial protection of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 4 It is a schematic elevational structural diagram of the carrier microorganism device of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the front cross-sectional structure of the carrier microorganism device of the present invention.

[0043] In the figure: 1. Carrier microorganism device; 101. Immobilized carrier; 102. Carrier plate; 103. Degradation microorganism flora; 104. Columnar biological carrier flora; 105. Fixed floating bed. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments.

[0045] Embodiment 1:

[0046] See also Figure 1-5 The present invention provides a technical solution: a method for ecological restoration of rivers and lakes, comprising the following steps:

[0047] Step 1: Survey the river and lake basins that need to be restored to determine the area of ​​the ecological restoration basin, determine the location of silt in the basin using the interpolation method, test the soil at the bottom of the basin and along the bank, and test the water quality of the basin;

[0048] Step 2: Detect the usage of each water inlet in the basin, and conduct chemical tests on the pollution of each water inlet using chemical reagents, and then detect the distribution and growth of aquatic plants in the basin near each water inlet;

[0049] Step 3: Carry out ecological dredging work on the tested watershed, using underwater dredging to clean up the silt at the bottom of the watershed and near each water inlet, and at the same time clean up the excess aquatic plant roots at the bottom of the watershed and each water inlet;

[0050] Step 4: intercept the microorganisms in the watershed through the biological filter, so that the microorganisms and plankton in the watershed are filtered. When intercepting the microorganisms through the biological filter, biological agents can be added to the biological filter to better intercept the microorganisms in the watershed;

[0051] Step 5: Establish ecological microbial protection in the watershed to degrade harmful microorganisms and bacteria in the watershed, and also prevent aquatic plants from growing too fast;

[0052] Step 6: Restock aquatic animals to restore the ecological balance in the watershed and complete the ecological restoration of rivers and lakes;

[0053] Before surveying the river and lake basins, the aquatic animals in the basins can be driven away to avoid unexpected situations during the survey. The ecological conditions of the basins can also be preliminarily judged by observing the growth of aquatic animals.

[0054] When surveying the water pollution in a river basin, the degree of water alkalinity can be firstly measured by chemical reagents to determine the chemical concentration of the water in the river basin, and then the bacterial activity in the water can be measured by chemical reagents to complete the water quality monitoring.

[0055] After the water quality survey of the river basin is completed, the soil quality survey of the river basin can be carried out, and the soil quality at the bottom of the river basin can be sampled and tested, and then the soil quality component test can be carried out, so as to obtain the degree of influence of water quality on soil quality in the river basin, and further determine the pollution situation of water quality in the river basin; when testing the environment of the water inlet of the river basin, each water inlet can also be tested by the method of surveying the water quality pollution situation of the river basin, so as to determine the water quality pollution situation of the water inlet;

[0056] During underwater dredging, silt is dug out by dredging vessels and spiral drilling machines, then dehydrated and transported using auger shaft transmission equipment, and bagged to support enclosures around the basin to reinforce the basin bank. When excess silt appears, it is discharged to avoid silt accumulation in the basin;

[0057] When reinforcing the riverbank, the bank needs to be one meter above the water surface of the riverbank and attached to the silt surface by aquatic plants, so that the roots of aquatic plants can fix the silt surface, thereby increasing the speed of silt fixation and formation in supporting the riverbank;

[0058] When establishing ecological microbial protection, the microorganisms and bacteria in the water are degraded by placing the carrier microorganism device 1 into the water of the basin, and the carrier microorganism device 1 includes an immobilized carrier 101, and the surface of the immobilized carrier 101 is provided with capillaries, the immobilized carrier 101 is provided with a carrier plate 102 inside, and the top of the carrier plate 102 is provided with a degradation microbial flora 103, and the bottom of the carrier plate 102 is provided with a columnar biological carrier group 104, and the bottom of the immobilized carrier 101 is provided with a fixed floating bed 105;

[0059] The degradation microbial flora 103 includes aerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria and organic pollutant degradation bacteria. The aerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria are a type of chemolithotrophic inorganic autotrophic bacteria that can convert NH4+ into NO2- under aerobic conditions. Their activities will directly or indirectly affect soil nutrient cycles, water eutrophication, greenhouse gases (N2O) and ecosystem functions. The aerobic ammonia oxidizing microorganisms are mainly composed of ammonia oxidizing bacteria AOB and ammonia oxidizing archaea AOA.

[0060] The organic pollutant-degrading bacteria include organic matter-degrading bacteria and biochar, which can degrade chemical components in water quality. Their activities can affect the chemical content and microbial content in water quality.

[0061] The columnar biological carrier group 104 is a carrier for the degrading microbial flora 103, and carries the degrading microbial flora 103 by ion adsorption, embedding and association, so that the degrading microbial flora 103 can be fixed in the immobilized carrier 101 as a whole with the columnar biological carrier group 104, and the carrier plate 102 is a plate with holes, and its main function is to determine the fixed position of the degrading microbial flora 103 with the columnar biological carrier group 104;

[0062] When restocking aquatic organisms to restore the ecological condition of a watershed, artificial lighting can be used to provide strong artificial light sources to illuminate the watershed, thereby determining the restoration status of each watershed, and then restocking aquatic organisms to improve the survival of aquatic organisms in the watershed. When restocking aquatic organisms, native aquatic organisms from rivers and lakes must be restocked to ensure the ecological balance in the watershed;

[0063] Embodiment 2:

[0064] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that: when establishing ecological microbial protection, the microorganisms and bacteria in the water are degraded by placing the carrier microorganism device 1 into the water of the basin, and the carrier microorganism device 1 includes an immobilized carrier 101, and the surface of the immobilized carrier 101 is provided with capillaries, the immobilized carrier 101 is provided with a carrier plate 102 inside, and the top of the carrier plate 102 is provided with a degradation microbial flora 103, and the bottom of the carrier plate 102 is provided with a columnar biological carrier group 104, and the bottom of the immobilized carrier 101 is provided with a fixed floating bed 105;

[0065] The degradation microbial flora 103 includes aerobic ammonia oxidizing flora and organic pollutant degrading flora, wherein the aerobic ammonia oxidizing flora is a type of chemolithotrophic inorganic autotrophic bacteria that can convert NH4+ into N02- under aerobic conditions, and its activities will directly or indirectly affect soil nutrient cycles, water eutrophication, greenhouse gases (N20) and ecosystem functions;

[0066] The organic pollutant degrading bacteria group includes organic matter degrading bacteria and biochar, which can degrade chemical components in water quality. Its activities can affect the chemical content and microbial content in water quality, and the biochar is attached to the top of the immobilized carrier 101 and the top of the carrier plate 102.

[0067] By deploying aerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria and organic pollutant degrading bacteria, sampling the water source of the basin to cultivate aerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria and organic pollutant degrading bacteria, so as to observe the adaptability of aerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria and organic pollutant degrading bacteria and the changes in the water source of the basin, so that when establishing ecological microbial protection, the aerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria and organic pollutant degrading bacteria will not be unable to adapt to the water quality of the basin or affect the water quality of the basin.

[0068] Embodiment 3:

[0069] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that: the river and lake basins to be restored are surveyed to determine the area of ​​the ecological restoration basin, the location of the silt in the basin is determined by interpolation, and the soil at the bottom and along the bank of the basin is tested, and the water quality of the basin is tested at the same time;

[0070] When surveying water pollution in a river basin, water samples can be taken from different areas of rivers and lakes, and then the water quality can be tested using chemical reagents. In this way, different methods can be used to survey the water quality of different rivers and lakes, thereby increasing the efficiency of surveying different river and lake basins.

[0071] Thereby completing a series of tasks, the contents not described in detail in this specification belong to the prior art known to professional and technical personnel in this field.

[0072] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential features of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered exemplary and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description, and it is intended that all variations falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims be included in the invention. Any reference numeral in a claim should not be considered as limiting the claim to which it relates.

Claims

1. A method for ecological restoration of rivers and lakes, characterized in that: The steps include: Step 1: Survey the river and lake basins that need to be restored to determine the area of ​​the ecological restoration basin, determine the location of silt in the basin using the interpolation method, test the soil at the bottom of the basin and along the bank, and test the water quality of the basin; Step 2: Detect the usage of each water inlet in the basin, and conduct chemical tests on the pollution of each water inlet using chemical reagents, and then detect the distribution and growth of aquatic plants in the basin near each water inlet; Step 3: Carry out ecological dredging work on the tested watershed, using underwater dredging to clean up the silt at the bottom of the watershed and near each water inlet, and at the same time clean up the excess aquatic plant roots at the bottom of the watershed and each water inlet; Step 4: intercept the microorganisms in the watershed through the biological filter, so that the microorganisms and plankton in the watershed are filtered. When intercepting the microorganisms through the biological filter, biological agents can be added to the biological filter to better intercept the microorganisms in the watershed; Step 5: Establish ecological microbial protection in the watershed to degrade harmful microorganisms and bacteria in the watershed, and also prevent aquatic plants from growing too fast; Step 6: Re-stock aquatic animals to restore the ecological balance in the watershed and complete the ecological restoration of rivers and lakes.

2. The method for ecological restoration of rivers and lakes according to claim 1, characterized in that: Before surveying a river or lake basin, aquatic animals in the basin can be driven away to avoid unexpected situations during the survey. The ecological conditions of the basin can also be preliminarily judged by observing the growth of aquatic animals.

3. The method for ecological restoration of rivers and lakes according to claim 1, characterized in that: When surveying the water pollution in a river basin, the degree of water alkalinity can be firstly measured by chemical reagents to determine the chemical concentration of the water in the river basin, and then the bacterial activity in the water can be measured by chemical reagents to complete the water quality monitoring. After the water quality survey of the basin is completed, the soil quality survey of the basin can be carried out. The soil at the bottom of the basin can be sampled and tested, and then the soil composition can be tested. This can determine the extent to which the water quality in the basin affects the soil quality and further determine the pollution of the water quality in the basin.

4. The method for ecological restoration of rivers and lakes according to claim 1, characterized in that: When testing the environment of a river basin's water inlet, each water inlet can also be tested by surveying the water pollution in the river basin to determine the water pollution status of the water inlet.

5. The method for ecological restoration of rivers and lakes according to claim 1, characterized in that: During underwater dredging, silt is dredged by dredgers and spiral drills, then dehydrated and transported using auger shaft transmission equipment, and bagged to support enclosures around the basin to reinforce the basin banks. When excess silt appears, it is discharged to avoid silt accumulation in the basin.

6. The method for ecological restoration of rivers and lakes according to claim 5, characterized in that: When reinforcing the banks of a river basin, the banks need to be one meter higher than the water surface of the basin and attached to the silt surface by aquatic plants, so that the roots of aquatic plants can fix the silt surface, thereby increasing the speed at which the silt is fixed and formed in supporting the banks of the river basin.

7. The method for ecological restoration of rivers and lakes according to claim 1, characterized in that: When establishing ecological microbial protection, a carrier microbial device (1) is placed in the water of a river basin to degrade microorganisms and bacteria in the water quality, and the carrier microbial device (1) comprises an immobilized carrier (101), and the surface of the immobilized carrier (101) is provided with capillaries, the interior of the immobilized carrier (101) is provided with a carrier plate (102), and the top of the carrier plate (102) is provided with a degrading microbial flora (103), and the bottom of the carrier plate (102) is provided with a columnar biological carrier flora (104), and the bottom of the immobilized carrier (101) is provided with a fixed floating bed (105).

8. The method for ecological restoration of rivers and lakes according to claim 7, characterized in that: The degradation microbial flora (103) includes aerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria and organic pollutant degrading bacteria, wherein the aerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria are a type of chemolithotrophic inorganic autotrophic bacteria that can convert NH4+ into NO2- under aerobic conditions, and their activities will directly or indirectly affect soil nutrient cycles, water eutrophication, greenhouse gases (N20) and ecosystem functions; The organic pollutant-degrading bacterial community consists of two parts: organic matter-degrading bacteria and biochar. It can degrade chemical components in water quality, and its activities can affect the chemical content and microbial content in water quality.

9. The method for ecological restoration of rivers and lakes according to claim 7, characterized in that: The columnar biological carrier group (104) is a carrier setting for the degrading microbial flora (103), and the degrading microbial flora (103) is carried by ion adsorption, embedding and association, so that the degrading microbial flora (103) can be fixed in the immobilized carrier (101) as a whole with the columnar biological carrier group (104), and the carrier plate (102) is a plate with holes, and its main function is to determine the fixed position of the degrading microbial flora (103) and the columnar biological carrier group (104).

10. The method for ecological restoration of rivers and lakes according to claim 1, characterized in that: When re-stocking aquatic organisms to restore the basin ecology, artificial lighting can be used to provide strong artificial light sources to illuminate the basin, so as to determine the restoration status of each basin. Aquatic organisms can then be stocked to improve their survival in the basin. When stocking aquatic organisms, native aquatic organisms from rivers and lakes need to be stocked to ensure the ecological balance in the basin.

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