Remote real-time full-automatic monitoring system and monitoring method for runoff flow and sediment content

Abstract

The invention discloses a remote real-time full-automatic monitoring system and monitoring method for runoff flow and sediment content, and relates to the technical field of water and soil loss monitoring, a runoff collecting system comprises a runoff collecting pipe, a first rainwater collecting barrel, a second rainwater collecting barrel, a first water inlet valve, a second water inlet valve, a first drain valve and a second drain valve. The runoff collecting pipe is a plastic pipe, the end of the runoff collecting pipe is connected with the runoff water collecting area, and a first water inlet valve and a second water inlet valve are installed in the middle of the runoff collecting pipe respectively and guide runoff to the first rainwater collecting barrel and the second rainwater collecting barrel respectively. According to the runoff flow and sediment content remote real-time full-automatic monitoring system and method, the runoff flow and sediment content at any time period are collected and metered, the automation degree and the informatization degree are high, management is convenient, the structure is simple, strong power of a power grid is not needed, and the system and method are suitable for collection of field test data.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of soil and water loss monitoring, and in particular to a remote real-time fully automatic monitoring system and a monitoring method for runoff flow and sediment content. Background Art

[0002] The situation of soil erosion in my country is severe, with the area of ​​soil erosion accounting for as much as 27% of the total land area, posing a huge threat to industrial and agricultural production, food security, land environment, etc. The measurement of runoff flow and sediment content is an important part of soil erosion and soil and water conservation research, and is also the two most important parameter indicators for water conservancy and hydropower construction, hydrological monitoring and forecasting, and river sediment monitoring. How to scientifically, accurately and quickly measure the real-time flow and sediment content in the process of runoff and sediment production has become a common problem in many fields. However, the currently widely used runoff flow and sediment content measurement methods generally have problems such as low degree of automation and informatization, low data collection efficiency, poor real-time performance, and low accuracy, which makes it difficult to meet the requirements of remote real-time monitoring.

[0003] The present invention innovatively adopts the double-bucket volume weighing method to measure the runoff flow and sediment content in real time, and transmits the data to the cloud platform in real time, realizing fully automatic and unmanned viewing, analysis, statistical management and other functions of the flow and sediment content data of the entire runoff process, effectively improving the automation and informatization level of runoff monitoring. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to achieve the above purpose of solving the problems of low automation and informationization, low data collection efficiency, poor real-time performance, low accuracy, etc. in the prior art, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions:

[0005] A remote real-time fully automatic monitoring system for runoff flow and sediment content, including a runoff collection system, a data acquisition control system, a data processing and cloud platform management system and a rack, etc.

[0006] The runoff collection system includes a runoff collection pipe, a rain collecting barrel 1, a rain collecting barrel 2, a water inlet valve 1, a water inlet valve 2, a drain valve 1 and a drain valve 2. The runoff collection pipe is a plastic pipe, the end of the runoff collection pipe is connected to the runoff collection area, and a water inlet valve 1 and a water inlet valve 2 are installed in the middle of the pipe to guide the runoff to the rain collecting barrel 1 and the rain collecting barrel 2 respectively. The water inlet valves are all electric ball valves. The rain collecting barrel is made of stainless steel, which is not corroded and does not deform. A partition is provided in the middle of the rain collecting barrel at a certain distance from the bottom. When the runoff enters from one side of the partition, the water surface fluctuation on the other side is reduced to improve the water level measurement accuracy. Drain valve 1 and drain valve 2 are arranged at the bottom of the rain collecting barrel to drain the collected runoff. The diameter of the collection pipe, the water inlet valve, the rain collecting barrel, and the drain valve are determined according to the area of ​​the rain collecting area and the runoff flow.

[0007] The data acquisition and control system includes ultrasonic sensor 1, ultrasonic sensor 2, weighing sensor 1, weighing sensor 2, rainfall sensor, rain collection barrel lifting mechanism, camera, solar power supply system and control system. The ultrasonic sensor is fixed on the frame, located above the rain collection barrel, and one is arranged for each rain collection barrel. It is responsible for collecting the water level in the rain collection barrel and is connected to the control system. The control system is responsible for power supply and collecting real-time data. The weighing sensor is fixed on the lower part of the frame, located below the rain collection barrel, and one is arranged for each rain collection barrel. It is responsible for monitoring the real-time weight of the rain collection barrel and carrying the rain collection barrel. It is connected to the control system. The control system is responsible for power supply and collecting real-time data. The rain collection barrel lifting mechanism is fixed on the frame, and its lifting component installed at the lifting end of the rain collection barrel lifting mechanism is located below the rain collection barrel. Its main function is to lift the rain collection barrel away from the weighing sensor when there is no runoff, and it is not necessary to collect the weight of the rain collection barrel. At this time, the rain collection barrel is lifted away from the weighing sensor to avoid errors caused by the long-term force of the weighing sensor. It is connected to the control system, and the control system is responsible for power supply and controlling its lifting operation. The rainfall sensor is responsible for detecting the start and stop time of rainfall, and detecting rainfall in real time. It is installed near the equipment without obstruction and connected to the control system. The control system is responsible for power supply and controlling its lifting and lowering operation. The camera is responsible for transmitting real-time images of the scene, which is used to view the real-time weather, environment and equipment operation status of the scene. It is installed near the equipment and connected to the control system. The control system is responsible for power supply and controlling its operation. The solar power supply system includes solar photovoltaic panels, batteries and charge and discharge controllers, which are responsible for the power supply of the entire system. Its capacity is determined according to the power consumption of all equipment in the system. The control system includes a controller, an acquisition control circuit and control software, which are responsible for data acquisition, processing, equipment control and interactive communication with the cloud platform.

[0008] The data processing and cloud platform management system includes a cloud platform and a remote terminal. The cloud platform needs to be configured and the corresponding software compiled to communicate with the control system and the remote terminal, record data and process and analyze it, and can provide storage, query, control and other functions. The remote terminal is a user's mobile phone or computer, which compiles and installs the corresponding program, communicates with the cloud platform, and can realize viewing, control and other functions.

[0009] The weight of the sand-containing runoff is obtained by recording the weight of the rainwater collection barrel when the water inlet valve is opened and closed by a weighing sensor, and is calculated according to the following formula:

[0010] m = m2 - m1;

[0011] Among them, m is the weight of sand-containing runoff, kg; m1 is the initial weight of the rain collection barrel when the water inlet valve is opened, kg; m2 is the weight of the rain collection barrel when the water inlet valve is closed, kg;

[0012] The total volume of runoff can be obtained by calibrating the ultrasonic sensor measurement height and calculated according to the following formula:

[0013] V = l × w × h;

[0014] Where V is the total volume of sand-laden runoff, m 3 ; l is the fixed length of the runoff barrel, 0.5m; w is the fixed width of the runoff barrel, 0.3m; h is the measurement height, m ​​(≤0.62m);

[0015] The runoff flow is calculated by the following formula:

[0016]

[0017] Where q is the runoff flow, m 3 / min; V is the total volume of sand-laden runoff, m 3 ; t is the measurement time, min;

[0018] The sediment content can be calculated according to the following formula:

[0019] The weight of sandy runoff is the sum of the weight of water and the weight of sediment, that is:

[0020] m=m 水 +m 沙 ;

[0021] Similarly, the volume of sediment-laden runoff is the sum of the volume of water and the volume of sediment:

[0022] V=V 水 +V 沙 ;

[0023] The above formula can be transformed into:

[0024] m=ρ 水 V 水 +ρ 沙 V 沙 ;

[0025] m=ρ 水 (VV 沙 )+ρ 沙 V 沙 =ρ 水 V-ρ 水 V 沙 +ρ 沙 V 沙 =ρ 水 VV 沙 (ρ 水 -ρ 沙 );

[0026]

[0027] Therefore, the calculation formula for the sediment content S in sandy runoff is:

[0028]

[0029] V 沙 Substituting with known indicators, the sediment content S is equal to:

[0030]

[0031] Where S is the sediment content, kg / m 3 ρ 沙 is the soil particle density, kg / m 3 ; m is the weight of sand-containing runoff, kg; V is the total volume of sand-containing runoff, m 3 ρ 水 is the soil particle density, 1000kg / m 3 ;

[0032] The weight percentage of the sediment can be calculated according to the following formula:

[0033]

[0034] Where P is the weight percentage of sediment; S is the sediment content, kg / m 3 ; V is the total volume of sand-laden runoff, m 3 ; m is the weight of sand-containing runoff, kg.

[0035] A remote real-time fully automatic monitoring method for runoff flow and sediment content, the method comprising the following steps:

[0036] (1) After the system is powered on, the fully automatic monitoring system starts to run, the lifting mechanism lifts the rain collection barrel, the weighing sensor is reset and cleared, and the user sets the runoff flow and sediment content data recording period (such as 5 minutes). When the rainfall sensor detects rainfall, the lifting mechanism lowers the rain collection barrel, the control system collects and records the data of each sensor (the collection period is 2s), transmits the camera image in real time, and communicates with the cloud platform. Users can query real-time data through the terminal.

[0037] (2) When the rainfall is moderate and the rain collection bucket is not full within one cycle, follow the steps below:

[0038] Open the inlet valve 1, the weighing sensor records the initial weight m1 of the rain collection barrel 1, and starts timing. When the set cycle time is reached, the ultrasonic sensor 1 records the water level h, the weight m2 of the rain collection barrel 1, and the time t. Open the inlet valve 2, close the inlet valve 1, calculate the total sand-containing runoff weight m=m2-m1, the total volume V of the sand-containing runoff, the runoff flow q, and the sediment content S during this period, and store them. At the same time, record the rainfall intensity of each cycle. Open the drain valve 1 to drain the water.

[0039] Bucket 2 repeats the steps of bucket 1, and the recording is cyclically carried out between the two buckets.

[0040] When there is no runoff (the water level in the barrel does not change) and the rainfall is 0, the valve is no longer switched, and the lifting mechanism lifts the rain collection barrel and restarts when rainfall is detected again.

[0041] (3) When the rainfall is heavy and the set cycle time has not yet expired but the bucket is full, follow the steps below:

[0042] Open the water inlet valve 1, the weighing sensor records the initial weight of the rain collection barrel 1 m1, and starts timing. When the ultrasonic sensor 1 detects that the water level rises to the highest set water level of the barrel, it records the weight of the rain collection barrel 1 m2. At time t1, open the water inlet valve 2 and close the water inlet valve 1. At this time, the rain collection barrel 1 stops collecting rain, and the rain collection barrel 2 starts collecting rain. Calculate the total sand-containing runoff weight m during this period a , Total volume of sandy runoff V a , runoff flow q a , sediment content S a . Open the drain valve to drain the water.

[0043] Rainwater collection barrel 2 repeats the steps of rainwater collection barrel 1, and the two barrels keep recording in a loop until the set cycle time is reached. Accumulate the records of each barrel, calculate the total sediment weight m of sandy runoff, the total volume V of sandy runoff, the runoff flow q, and the sediment content S, and store them. At the same time, record the rainfall intensity of each cycle.

[0044] When there is no runoff (the water level in the barrel does not change) and the rainfall is 0, the valve is no longer switched, and the lifting mechanism lifts the rain collection barrel and restarts when rainfall is detected again.

[0045] The present invention provides a remote real-time fully automatic monitoring system and monitoring method for runoff flow and sediment content, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0046] 1. The system integrates the collection of runoff flow and sediment content during the runoff process, and can collect and measure the runoff flow and sediment content at any time. Compared with traditional methods, it has a high degree of automation and informatization, and is easy to manage; compared with existing runoff measurement methods, it has high measurement accuracy, simple structure, does not require strong power grid, and is more suitable for collecting field test data.

[0047] 2. The system can be widely used in monitoring soil erosion and water and soil loss processes in slope runoff plots under natural rainfall and artificial rainfall simulation conditions, and is of great significance in soil erosion research and water and soil loss control. Since the workload of manual duty and data collection and measurement is greatly reduced, it has good economic and social value and good application prospects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0048] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the composition and principle of a remote real-time fully automatic monitoring system and monitoring method for runoff flow and sediment content of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 2 It is a front view structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 3 It is a rear view structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the main control process of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the reset process of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 6 The figure is a schematic diagram of the calling flow of the present invention.

[0054] In the figure: 1. control system; 2. cloud platform; 3. remote terminal; 4. rack; 5. runoff collection pipe; 6. water inlet valve 1; 7. ultrasonic sensor 1; 8. rain collecting barrel 1; 9. drain valve 1; 10. rainfall sensor; 11. weighing sensor 1; 12. rain collecting barrel lifting mechanism; 13. rain collecting barrel 2; 14. weighing sensor 2; 15. drain valve 2; 16. solar power supply system; 17. camera; 18. ultrasonic sensor 2; 19. water inlet valve 2. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0055] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The embodiments of the present invention are provided for the purpose of illustration and description, and are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the present invention to the disclosed forms. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. The embodiments are selected and described in order to better illustrate the principles and practical applications of the present invention, and to enable those of ordinary skill in the art to understand the present invention and thereby design various embodiments with various modifications suitable for specific uses.

[0056] The first embodiment, as Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the present invention provides a technical solution:

[0057] A remote real-time fully automatic monitoring system for runoff flow and sediment content, including a runoff collection system, a data acquisition control system, a data processing and cloud platform management system and a rack, etc.

[0058] The runoff collection system includes a runoff collection pipe, a rain collecting barrel 1, a rain collecting barrel 2, a water inlet valve 1, a water inlet valve 2, a drain valve 1 and a drain valve 2. The runoff collection pipe is a plastic pipe, the end of the runoff collection pipe is connected to the runoff collection area, and a water inlet valve 1 and a water inlet valve 2 are installed in the middle of the pipe to guide the runoff to the rain collecting barrel 1 and the rain collecting barrel 2 respectively. The water inlet valves are all electric ball valves. The rain collecting barrel is made of stainless steel, which is not corroded and does not deform. A partition is provided in the middle of the rain collecting barrel at a certain distance from the bottom. When the runoff enters from one side of the partition, the water surface fluctuation on the other side is reduced to improve the water level measurement accuracy. Drain valve 1 and drain valve 2 are arranged at the bottom of the rain collecting barrel to drain the collected runoff. The diameter of the collection pipe, the water inlet valve, the rain collecting barrel, and the drain valve are determined according to the area of ​​the rain collecting area and the runoff flow.

[0059] The data acquisition and control system includes ultrasonic sensor 1, ultrasonic sensor 2, weighing sensor 1, weighing sensor 2, rainfall sensor, rain collection barrel lifting mechanism, camera, solar power supply system and control system. The ultrasonic sensor is fixed on the frame, located above the rain collection barrel, and one is arranged for each rain collection barrel. It is responsible for collecting the water level in the rain collection barrel and is connected to the control system. The control system is responsible for power supply and collecting real-time data. The weighing sensor is fixed on the lower part of the frame, located below the rain collection barrel, and one is arranged for each rain collection barrel. It is responsible for monitoring the real-time weight of the rain collection barrel and carrying the rain collection barrel. It is connected to the control system. The control system is responsible for power supply and collecting real-time data. The rain collection barrel lifting mechanism is fixed on the frame, and its lifting component installed at the lifting end of the rain collection barrel lifting mechanism is located below the rain collection barrel. Its main function is to lift the rain collection barrel away from the weighing sensor when there is no runoff, and it is not necessary to collect the weight of the rain collection barrel. At this time, the rain collection barrel is lifted away from the weighing sensor to avoid errors caused by the long-term force of the weighing sensor. It is connected to the control system, and the control system is responsible for power supply and controlling its lifting operation. The rainfall sensor is responsible for detecting the start and stop time of rainfall, and detecting rainfall in real time. It is installed near the equipment without obstruction and connected to the control system. The control system is responsible for power supply and controlling its lifting and lowering operation. The camera is responsible for transmitting real-time images of the scene, which is used to view the real-time weather, environment and equipment operation status of the scene. It is installed near the equipment and connected to the control system. The control system is responsible for power supply and controlling its operation. The solar power supply system includes solar photovoltaic panels, batteries and charge and discharge controllers, which are responsible for the power supply of the entire system. Its capacity is determined according to the power consumption of all equipment in the system. The control system includes a controller, an acquisition control circuit and control software, which are responsible for data acquisition, processing, equipment control and interactive communication with the cloud platform.

[0060] The data processing and cloud platform management system includes a cloud platform and a remote terminal. The cloud platform needs to be configured and the corresponding software compiled to communicate with the control system and the remote terminal, record data and process and analyze it, and can provide storage, query, control and other functions. The remote terminal is a user's mobile phone or computer, which compiles and installs the corresponding program, communicates with the cloud platform, and can realize viewing, control and other functions.

[0061] The weight of the sand-containing runoff is obtained by recording the weight of the rainwater collection barrel when the water inlet valve is opened and closed by a weighing sensor, and is calculated according to the following formula:

[0062] m = m2 - m1;

[0063] Among them, m is the weight of sand-containing runoff, kg; m1 is the initial weight of the rain collection barrel when the water inlet valve is opened, kg; m2 is the weight of the rain collection barrel when the water inlet valve is closed, kg;

[0064] The total volume of runoff can be obtained by calibrating the ultrasonic sensor measurement height and calculated according to the following formula:

[0065] V = l × w × h;

[0066] Where V is the total volume of sand-laden runoff, m 3 ; l is the fixed length of the runoff barrel, 0.5m; w is the fixed width of the runoff barrel, 0.3m; h is the measurement height, m ​​(≤0.62m);

[0067] The runoff flow is calculated by the following formula:

[0068]

[0069] Where q is the runoff flow, m 3 / min; V is the total volume of sand-laden runoff, m 3 ; t is the measurement time, min;

[0070] The sediment content can be calculated according to the following formula:

[0071] The weight of sandy runoff is the sum of the weight of water and the weight of sediment, that is:

[0072] m=m 水 +m 沙 ;

[0073] Similarly, the volume of sediment-laden runoff is the sum of the volume of water and the volume of sediment:

[0074] V=V 水 +V 沙 ;

[0075] The above formula can be transformed into:

[0076] m=ρ 水V 水 +ρ 沙 V 沙 ;

[0077] m=ρ 水 (VV 沙 )+ρ 沙 V 沙 =ρ 水 V-ρ 水 V 沙 +ρ 沙 V 沙 =ρ 水 VV 沙 (ρ 水 -ρ 沙 );

[0078]

[0079] Therefore, the calculation formula for the sediment content S in sandy runoff is:

[0080]

[0081] V 沙 Substituting with known indicators, the sediment content S is equal to:

[0082]

[0083] Where S is the sediment content, kg / m 3 ρ 沙 is the soil particle density, kg / m 3 ; m is the weight of sand-containing runoff, kg; V is the total volume of sand-containing runoff, m 3 ρ 水 is the soil particle density, 1000kg / m 3 ;

[0084] The weight percentage of the sediment can be calculated according to the following formula:

[0085]

[0086] Where P is the weight percentage of sediment; S is the sediment content, kg / m 3 ; V is the total volume of sand-laden runoff, m 3 ; m is the weight of sand-containing runoff, kg.

[0087] The second embodiment is based on the first embodiment. Figures 4 to 6 As shown,

[0088] A remote real-time fully automatic monitoring method for runoff flow and sediment content, the method comprising the following steps:

[0089] (1) After the system is powered on, the fully automatic monitoring system starts to run, the lifting mechanism lifts the rain collection barrel, the weighing sensor is reset and cleared, and the user sets the runoff flow and sediment content data recording period (such as 5 minutes). When the rainfall sensor detects rainfall, the lifting mechanism lowers the rain collection barrel, the control system collects and records the data of each sensor (the collection period is 2s), transmits the camera image in real time, and communicates with the cloud platform. Users can query real-time data through the terminal.

[0090] (2) When the rainfall is moderate and the rain collection bucket is not full within one cycle, follow the steps below:

[0091] Open the inlet valve 1, the weighing sensor records the initial weight m1 of the rain collection barrel 1, and starts timing. When the set cycle time is reached, the ultrasonic sensor 1 records the water level h, the weight m2 of the rain collection barrel 1, and the time t. Open the inlet valve 2, close the inlet valve 1, calculate the total sand-containing runoff weight m=m2-m1, the total volume V of the sand-containing runoff, the runoff flow q, and the sediment content S during this period, and store them. At the same time, record the rainfall intensity of each cycle. Open the drain valve 1 to drain the water.

[0092] Bucket 2 repeats the steps of bucket 1, and the recording is cyclically carried out between the two buckets.

[0093] When there is no runoff (the water level in the barrel does not change) and the rainfall is 0, the valve is no longer switched, and the lifting mechanism lifts the rain collection barrel and restarts when rainfall is detected again.

[0094] (3) When the rainfall is heavy and the set cycle time has not yet expired but the bucket is full, follow the steps below:

[0095] Open the water inlet valve 1, the weighing sensor records the initial weight of the rain collection barrel 1 m1, and starts timing. When the ultrasonic sensor 1 detects that the water level rises to the highest set water level of the barrel, it records the weight of the rain collection barrel 1 m2. At time t1, open the water inlet valve 2 and close the water inlet valve 1. At this time, the rain collection barrel 1 stops collecting rain, and the rain collection barrel 2 starts collecting rain. Calculate the total sand-containing runoff weight m during this period a , Total volume of sandy runoff V a , runoff flow q a , sediment content S a . Open the drain valve to drain the water.

[0096] Rainwater collection barrel 2 repeats the steps of rainwater collection barrel 1, and the two barrels keep recording in a loop until the set cycle time is reached. Accumulate the records of each barrel, calculate the total sediment weight m of sandy runoff, the total volume V of sandy runoff, the runoff flow q, and the sediment content S, and store them. At the same time, record the rainfall intensity of each cycle.

[0097] When there is no runoff (the water level in the barrel does not change) and the rainfall is 0, the valve is no longer switched, and the lifting mechanism lifts the rain collection barrel and restarts when rainfall is detected again.

[0098] Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field and related fields without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. The structures, devices and operating methods not specifically described and explained in the present invention are implemented according to the conventional means in the field unless otherwise specified and limited.

Claims

1. A remote real-time fully automatic monitoring system for runoff flow and sediment content, characterized in that: It includes a runoff collection system, a data acquisition control system, a data processing system, a cloud platform management system and a rack (4): The runoff collection system comprises a runoff collection pipe (5), a rainwater collecting barrel (8), a rainwater collecting barrel (13), a water inlet valve (6), a water inlet valve (19), a water discharge valve (9) and a water discharge valve (15); The end of the runoff collection pipe (5) is connected to the runoff collection area, and a water inlet valve 1 (6) and a water inlet valve 2 (19) are respectively installed in the middle of the runoff collection pipe (5). The runoff collection pipe (5) guides the runoff to the rain collecting barrel 1 (8) and the rain collecting barrel 2 (13), respectively. A partition is provided in the middle of the rain collecting barrel 1 (8) and the rain collecting barrel 2 (13); The drain valve (9) and the drain valve (15) are respectively installed at the bottom of the rain collecting barrel 1 (8) and the rain collecting barrel 2 (13) to drain the collected runoff.

2. A remote real-time fully automatic monitoring system for runoff flow and sediment content according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data acquisition control system comprises an ultrasonic sensor 1 (7), an ultrasonic sensor 2 (18), a weighing sensor 1 (11), a weighing sensor 2 (14), a rainfall sensor (10), a rain collection bucket lifting mechanism (12), a camera (17), a solar power supply system (16) and a control system (1); The ultrasonic sensor 1 (7) and the ultrasonic sensor 2 (18) are both fixedly mounted on the frame (4), and the ultrasonic sensor 1 (7) and the ultrasonic sensor 2 (18) are respectively located above the rain collecting barrel 1 (8) and the rain collecting barrel 2 (13), and the ultrasonic sensor 1 (7) and the ultrasonic sensor 2 (18) are connected to the control system (1), and the control system (1) supplies power to the ultrasonic sensor 1 (7) and the ultrasonic sensor 2 (18) and collects real-time data; The weighing sensor 1 (11) and the weighing sensor 2 (14) are respectively fixed at the bottom of the frame (4) and are respectively located below the rain collecting barrel 1 (8) and the rain collecting barrel 2 (13) for bearing. The weighing sensor 1 (11) and the weighing sensor 2 (14) are connected to the control system (1). The control system (1) supplies power to the weighing sensor 1 (11) and the weighing sensor 2 (14) and collects real-time data. The rain collecting barrel lifting mechanism (12) is fixedly mounted on the frame (4); a lifting component mounted on the lifting end of the rain collecting barrel lifting mechanism (12) is located below the rain collecting barrel 1 (8) and the rain collecting barrel 2 (13), and is used to lift the rain collecting barrel away from the weighing sensor when no runoff is generated; the rain collecting barrel lifting mechanism (12) is connected to the control system (1); the control system (1) supplies power to the rain collecting barrel lifting mechanism (12) and controls its lifting operation; The rainfall sensor (10) is used to detect the start and stop time of rainfall and to detect the rainfall in real time. The rainfall sensor (10) is connected to the control system (1). The control system (1) supplies power to the rainfall sensor (10) and controls its operation. The camera (17) is responsible for transmitting real-time images on site for viewing the real-time weather, environment and equipment operation status on site. The camera (17) is connected to the control system (1), and the control system (1) supplies power to the camera (17) and controls its operation; The solar power supply system (16) comprises a solar photovoltaic panel, a storage battery and a charge and discharge controller, which are used to supply power to the entire system; The control system (1) comprises a controller, an acquisition control circuit and control software, and is used for data acquisition, processing, equipment control and interactive communication with a data processing and cloud platform management system.

3. A remote real-time fully automatic monitoring system for runoff flow and sediment content according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data processing and cloud platform management system comprises a cloud platform (2) and a remote terminal (3); The cloud platform (2) communicates with the control system (1) and the remote terminal (3) and is used to record data and process and analyze the data, and the remote terminal (3) communicates with the cloud platform (2).

4. A remote real-time fully automatic monitoring system for runoff flow and sediment content according to claim 3, characterized in that: The cloud platform (2) is used for data processing and analysis, wherein the processing and analysis includes calculating the weight of sand-containing runoff, the total volume of sand-containing runoff, the runoff flow, the sediment content and the sediment weight ratio: The weight of the sand-containing runoff is obtained by recording the weight of the rain collecting barrel 1 (8) and the rain collecting barrel 2 (13) when the water inlet valve 1 (6) and the water inlet valve 2 (19) are opened and closed by the weighing sensor 1 (11) and the weighing sensor 2 (14), and is calculated according to the following formula: m = m2 - m1; Among them, m is the weight of sand-containing runoff, m1 is the initial weight of the rainwater collection barrel when the water inlet valve is opened, and m2 is the initial weight of the rainwater collection barrel when the water inlet valve is closed. The weight of the rain collection barrel when the water inlet valve is turned on; The total volume of runoff can be obtained by calibrating the measurement height of the acoustic sensor 1 (7) and the ultrasonic sensor 2 (18), and calculated according to the following formula: V = l × w × h; Where V is the total volume of sand-containing runoff, l is the fixed length of the runoff barrel, w is the fixed width of the runoff barrel, and h is the measurement height; The runoff flow is calculated by the following formula: Where q is the runoff flow, V is the total volume of sand-laden runoff, and t is the measurement time; The sediment content can be calculated according to the following formula: The weight of sandy runoff is the sum of the weight of water and the weight of sediment, that is: m=m 水 +m 沙 ; Similarly, the volume of sediment-laden runoff is the sum of the volume of water and the volume of sediment: V=V 水 +V 沙 ; The above formula can be transformed into: m=ρ 水 V 水 +r 沙 V 沙 ; m=ρ 水 (VV 沙 )+r 沙 V 沙 =ρ 水 V-p 水 V 沙 +r 沙 V 沙 =ρ 水 V- V 沙 (r 水 -r 沙 ); Therefore, the calculation formula for the sediment content S in sandy runoff is: Replace V sand with a known index, and the sediment content S is equal to: Where S is the sediment content, ρsand is the soil particle density, m is the weight of sand-laden runoff, V is the total volume of sand-laden runoff, and ρwater is the soil particle density; The weight percentage of the sediment can be calculated according to the following formula: Among them, P is the weight percentage of sediment, S is the sediment content, V is the total volume of sediment-containing runoff, and m is the weight of sediment-containing runoff.

5. A method for observing runoff flow and sediment content using a remote real-time fully automatic monitoring system, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: After the system is powered on, the fully automatic monitoring system starts to operate, the lifting mechanism (12) lifts the rain collecting barrel 1 (8) and the rain collecting barrel 2 (13), and the weighing sensor 1 (11) and the weighing sensor 2 (14) are reset and cleared; The runoff flow and sediment content data recording cycle is set; when the rainfall sensor (10) detects rainfall, the lifting mechanism (12) lowers the rain collecting barrel 1 (8) and the rain collecting barrel 2 (13), the control system (1) collects and records the data of each sensor, transmits the camera (17) image in real time, and communicates with the cloud platform (2), and the user can query the real-time data through the remote terminal (3); Step 2: B1. When the rainfall is moderate and the rain collection bucket is not full within a cycle, follow the steps below: Open the water inlet valve 1 (6), the weighing sensor 1 (11) records the initial weight m1 of the rain collection barrel 1 (8), and start timing. When the set cycle time is reached, the ultrasonic sensor 1 (7) records the water level h, the weight m2 of the rain collection barrel 1 (8), and the time t. Open the water inlet valve 2 (19), close the water inlet valve 1 (6), calculate the total weight of the sand-containing runoff m=m2-m1, the total volume of the sand-containing runoff V, the runoff flow q, and the sediment content S during this period, and store them in the cloud platform (2), while recording the rainfall intensity of each cycle. Open the drain valve 1 (9) to drain water; Bucket 2 repeats the steps of bucket 1, and the two buckets keep recording in a loop; When there is no runoff and the rainfall is 0, the valve is no longer switched, and the lifting mechanism (12) lifts the rain collecting barrel 1 (8) and the rain collecting barrel 2 (13), and restarts when rainfall is detected again; B2. When the rainfall is heavy and the set cycle time has not yet expired but the bucket is full, follow the steps below: Open the water inlet valve 1 (6), the weighing sensor 1 (11) records the initial weight m1 of the rain collecting barrel 1 (8), and start timing. When the ultrasonic sensor 1 (7) detects that the water level rises to the highest set water level of the barrel, the weight m2 of the rain collecting barrel 1 (8) is recorded. At time t1, open the water inlet valve 2 (19), close the water inlet valve 1 (6), at this time, the rain collecting barrel 1 (8) stops collecting rain, and the rain collecting barrel 2 (8) starts collecting rain. Calculate the total weight m of the sand-containing runoff during this period. a , Total volume of sandy runoff V a , runoff flow q a , sediment content S a . Open drain valve 1 (9) to drain water; Rainwater collecting barrel 2 (13) repeats the steps of rainwater collecting barrel 1 (8), and the two barrels keep recording in a loop until the set cycle time is reached. Accumulate the records of each barrel, calculate the total sand-containing runoff weight m, the total sand-containing runoff volume V, the runoff flow q, and the sediment content S, and store them. At the same time, record the rainfall intensity of each cycle; When there is no runoff and the rainfall is 0, the valve is no longer switched, and the lifting mechanism (12) lifts the rain collecting barrel 1 (8) and the rain collecting barrel 2 (13), and restarts when rainfall is detected again.

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