Ball bearing quenching tool

Abstract

The invention discloses a ball bearing quenching tool, and relates to the technical field of quenching tools, the ball bearing quenching tool comprises a bearing plate, the bearing plate is composed of a plate base and a bearing base in a regular array, the top of the bearing base is provided with a positioning flange, the top of the bearing base is also coupled with a plurality of groups of positioning plates, and the bearing base is provided with a vertically arranged through hole under the positioning plate. The bearing base is provided with spraying holes distributed in the circumferential direction in an array mode, the spraying holes generate compressed water columns to impact the lower end face of the bearing ring when the bearing plate moves downwards, and the positioning flange, the positioning plate and the spraying holes are all distributed around the same axis in the circumferential direction. In the process that the bearing ring moves downwards in the cooling liquid along with the bearing plate, the bearing ring is suspended through impact generated by water flow and balance of buoyancy and gravity, and therefore the situation that the surface of the bearing ring is shielded in the cooling process, and consequently the heat exchange efficiency is affected and temperature difference is generated is avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of quenching tooling, in particular to a ball bearing quenching tooling. Background Art

[0002] Quenching is a heat treatment process. The quenching of steel is a heat treatment process in which the steel is heated to a temperature above the critical temperature Ac3 (hypoeutectoid steel) or Ac1 (hypereutectoid steel), kept at this temperature for a period of time to make it fully or partially austenitized, and then rapidly cooled to below Ms (or isothermally near Ms) at a cooling rate greater than the critical cooling rate to undergo martensite (or bainite) transformation.

[0003] Because the balls inside ball bearings roll back and forth, they need certain wear resistance and hardness. Therefore, ball bearings generally need to be quenched. The existing quenching method is to directly send them into the coolant through the tooling after heating, and let them stand in the coolant for a certain period of time to complete cooling. However, this method has certain defects. One is that when the tooling carries the bearing ring, there will be a certain contact surface with the surface of the bearing ring. Because quenching requires rapid cooling, the surface where the tooling contacts the bearing ring will cool down relatively slowly, and at the same time, there will be a temperature difference between the contact surface and the non-contact surface, which affects The quenching effect, secondly, the tooling is placed in the coolant, and the coolant near the bearing ring will increase in temperature due to heat exchange, resulting in a decrease in the heat exchange rate, which affects the quenching effect to a certain extent. Thirdly, if it is directly stacked on the tooling, the cooling speed will be slow and the contact between the bearing rings will also produce a temperature difference. If it is placed, the high temperature state of the bearing ring will cause low efficiency and will cause the air cooling time to be too long, resulting in a decrease in temperature. If it is directly transferred from the heating equipment to the coolant through the tooling, the tooling itself will also exchange heat with the coolant, making the coolant temperature near the bearing ring higher. To this end, we propose a ball bearing quenching tooling. Summary of the invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a ball bearing quenching tool to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a ball bearing quenching tool, comprising a bearing plate, wherein the bearing plate is composed of a plate base and a bearing base in a regular array, the upper surface of the bearing base is lower than the upper surface of the plate base, and the top of the bearing base is also evenly provided with positioning flanges along the circumferential direction, the highest point of the top of the positioning flange is flush with the upper surface of the plate base, and the positioning flange is used to limit the horizontal position of the bearing ring, and the top of the bearing base is also coupled with multiple groups of positioning plates, the positioning plates are evenly arranged on the bearing base in the circumferential direction, and the bearing base is provided with a vertically arranged through hole directly below the positioning plate. When the positioning plate moves downward in the coolant along with the supporting plate, the coolant pushes and lifts the positioning plate, so that one end of the positioning plate moves upward toward the center of the circle surrounded by the positioning plate. The lifted positioning plate forms an annular limit above the supporting base to limit the spatial range of the bearing ring. The supporting base is provided with spray holes distributed along a circumferential array, and the axis of a single spray hole is coplanar with the axis surrounded by the circumferential array of spray holes. The spray holes penetrate the upper and lower end surfaces of the supporting base. When the supporting plate moves downward, the spray holes generate compressed water columns to impact the lower end surface of the bearing ring. The positioning flange, positioning plate and spray holes are all distributed circumferentially around the same axis.

[0006] Preferably, a through groove is provided on the supporting base along the vertical direction, the axis of the through groove is coaxial with the circumferential axis surrounded by the spray hole, the diameter of the through groove decreases upward along the vertical direction, and a number of spiral ribs are evenly provided along the circumference of the inner wall of the through groove, and the spiral ribs generate a spiral water column when the supporting plate moves downward.

[0007] Preferably, the spray holes are divided into a plurality of groups, and each group is arranged alternately and at intervals, and the angles between the axes of the individual spray holes in different groups and the circumferential axis surrounded by the spray hole array are different.

[0008] Preferably, the spray holes are divided into three groups, wherein the axis of one group is parallel to the vertical direction, and the other two groups are oriented toward the inner and outer sides respectively based on the circumferential surface formed by the spray holes with the axes pointing vertically upward.

[0009] Preferably, the top diameter of the spray holes axially pointing vertically upward is larger than that of the other two groups.

[0010] Preferably, a steel cable is connected between the positioning end surface of the positioning flange and the top of the bearing base, and the connection point between the steel cable and the bearing base is located in the circumferential range formed by the spray hole. The steel cable is used to support the bearing ring so that its initial state is located above the spray hole.

[0011] Preferably, the bearing plate is composed of two layers, plate one and plate two, a avoidance hole is provided on plate one above the bearing base, and a positioning flange is fixed to the inner wall of the avoidance hole, and plate one can be raised and lowered on plate two.

[0012] Preferably, the upper edge of the positioning end of the positioning flange is rounded.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0014] The present invention provides structures such as steel cables, positioning plates and positioning flanges, spray holes and a bearing base, so that when the bearing ring moves downward in the coolant along with the bearing plate, the impact of the water flow and the balance of buoyancy and gravity are achieved to suspend the bearing ring, thereby preventing the surface of the bearing ring from being blocked during the cooling process, thereby affecting the heat exchange efficiency and generating a temperature difference.

[0015] The configuration of the bearing base of the present invention can realize the rapid loading of the bearing ring, thereby avoiding excessive temperature drop due to being trapped in the air during the transfer process;

[0016] The tooling of the present invention can make the coolant form a tornado shape, thereby improving the fluidity of the coolant and thus improving the heat exchange efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the AA structure section;

[0019] Figure 3 for Figure 2 A magnified schematic diagram of the structure of the middle B area;

[0020] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of another distribution state of the position of the bearing base;

[0021] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a single bearing base on plate 2 in a top view;

[0022] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the positioning flange on a single bearing base on the plate one;

[0023] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the deployment of the positioning plate on the bearing base;

[0024] Figure 8 for Figure 7 Side view of

[0025] Fig. 9 A schematic diagram of an installation structure of a positioning plate;

[0026] Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the state change of the steel cable before and after the load-bearing bearing ring;

[0027] Fig.11 It is a schematic diagram of the overlapping state of three different groups of nozzles;

[0028] Fig.12Schematic diagram of the impact state of three groups of nozzles.

[0029] In the figure: 1-bearing plate; 2-positioning flange; 3-positioning plate; 4-steel cable; 5-avoidance hole; a1-plate one; a2-plate two; 101-plate base; 102-bearing base; 1021-through hole; 1022-spray hole; 1023-through groove; 1024-spiral rib. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] See also Figure 1 and Figure 4 The present invention provides a technical solution: a ball bearing quenching tool, including a bearing plate 1, the bearing plate 1 is composed of two parts, namely a plate base 101 and a bearing base 102, the two parts can be integrated, or they can be separately arranged and fixed, the bearing base 102 is preferably circular, and the bearing base 102 is arranged in a vertical and horizontal direction (horizontally and vertically) on the plate base 101, or it can be as follows Figure 4 As shown, different rows and columns are staggered, and can be selected according to the ring diameter of the applicable ball bearing, so that the more bearing bases 102 are arranged on the plate base 101, the better. The plate base 101 is provided with weight-reducing holes between the gaps of the bearing bases 102 to reduce the overall mass;

[0032] See also Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 6 The positioning flange 2 is arranged directly above the bearing base 101. The upper surface of the bearing base 101 is the bearing area of ​​the bearing ring. The positioning flanges 2 are distributed in a circumferential array. The surface close to the circumferential axis of the array is the positioning surface. The positioning surface of each positioning flange 2 forms a circular area, which can limit the movement of the bearing ring in the horizontal direction. The horizontal direction refers to the horizontal direction. Figure 2 The highest point or surface of the top of the positioning flange 2 is flush with the upper surface of the base 101, and the upper surface here is also Figure 2Perspective, no further description will be given later. There is a height difference between the positioning flange 2 and the carrier base 102, so that the bearing ring can quickly reach the positioning area, that is, only the bearing ring needs to be stacked on the plate base 101, and then the plate base 101 is moved back and forth, so that the bearing ring can automatically enter 101, and the upper surface of the carrier base 102 where the bearing ring has entered will form an obstacle to other bearing rings, so that it can be quickly loaded. One end of the carrier plate 1 can also be tilted at a certain angle, such as 5-10°, and then the heated bearing ring is directly transferred at the higher end. The bearing ring enters the upper surface of each carrier base 102 during the sliding process. This is another way to achieve rapid loading;

[0033] See Figure Figure 5 and Figure 7 A circularly distributed spray hole 1022 is provided on the bearing base 102. The spray hole 1022 is a hole groove penetrating the upper and lower surfaces of the bearing base 102, and the diameter of the spray hole 1022 decreases upward in the vertical direction, that is, the spray hole 1022 is a downward trumpet-shaped conical hole. The function of the cone is to compress the water flow, so that the flow rate of the water flow sprayed from the spray hole 1022 becomes faster, generating impact, thereby lifting the bearing ring from the bottom, so that the bearing ring is suspended in the coolant;

[0034] See also Figure 5 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 He Ru Fig. 9 The function of the positioning plate 3 is to limit the movement of the bearing ring in the up and down directions, that is, the suspended bearing ring may deviate from the range limited by the bearing base 102 and the positioning flange 2. After exceeding the range, it may fall to the surroundings, resulting in it being not above the spray hole 1022, losing thrust and thus failing to achieve the suspension effect. Therefore, the spatial position of the bearing ring is limited by the positioning plate 3, so that it will not move up and down, left and right within a limited range, so that it is always above the spray hole 1022 and is subjected to thrust. At least three groups of positioning plates 3 are provided, and three points determine a circle, preferably 4 groups, 5 groups or 6 groups, because the angle between two adjacent positioning plates 3 is too large, so that the bearing ring can be partially Protruding, there is still a possibility of large deviation, so 5 relatively balanced groups are set to make positioning more accurate. The positioning plate 3 is in a horizontal state in the initial state and is stored on the bearing base 102. As the bearing plate 1 moves downward, the water flows through the through hole 1021 to lift the positioning plate 3. After that, the positioning plate 3 is continuously lifted by the water flow to achieve the upward movement of the center line of the bearing base 102. For example, the positioning plate 3 is L-shaped, and one end is connected to the bearing base 102 by a hinge. Because of the thrust and the L-shaped force point, the positioning plate 3 deflects in the above direction, and a limit is set on the bearing base 102 to guide the deflection direction, preferably as Fig. 9As shown, one end of the connecting rod is axially connected to the bearing base 102, and the axial direction of the connecting rod is along the radial direction of the ring formed by the positioning flange 2, and the end close to the center is connected to the rotating shaft, and the positioning plate 3 is sleeved on the connecting rod, and a limit is set to limit the maximum rotation angle of the positioning plate 3. The advantage of the connecting rod method is that the rotation sequence can be realized, that is, the positioning plate 3 rotates first, and then after reaching the maximum angle, the connecting rod is still subjected to force to rotate the roller, and the direction is stable;

[0035] Specifically, when the bearing ring is placed on the bearing base 102, after the bearing plate 1 is placed in the coolant by a sling, the upward water flow lifts the positioning plate 3. Since the positioning plate 3 has a small mass and a large cross-section, the lifting speed is fast, and the bearing ring slowly rises under the action of the spray hole 1022. As the bearing ring moves up a certain distance, the thrust and buoyancy acting on the upper and lower forces of the bearing ring are balanced, and a complete suspension effect can be achieved. Since the liquid flow has an incomplete rule, the bearing ring floats on the upper surface of the bearing base 102, the positioning surface of the positioning flange 2, and the restricted space generated by the positioning plate 3. The suspension makes all surfaces of the bearing ring immersed in the coolant without being blocked, so the heat exchange efficiency is high and no temperature difference is generated at the same time.

[0036] See Figure Figure 3 , Figure 5 and Figure 7 In the second embodiment, on the basis of the previous embodiment, a through groove 1023 is provided. The through groove 1023 is opened at the center of the bearing base 102. The inner surface of the through groove 102 is conical, and a spiral rib 1024 is provided on the inner surface. The spiral rib 1024 makes the coolant generate a spiral when it flows, thereby forming a rotating water column. The rotation of the water column can improve the stability of the bearing ring, that is, similar to the stability in one direction through rotation like a gyroscope. The vertical upward water flows and rotates, driving the bearing ring to rotate, thereby stabilizing the position of the bearing ring, so that it is always directly above the spray hole 1022, and the suspension effect is kept stable.

[0037] See also Figure 7 and Fig.11 In the third embodiment, based on the first embodiment, the spray holes 1022 are arranged into multiple groups, and each group of spray holes 1022 is arranged alternately, and the axes of the spray holes 1022 of different groups do not overlap in the circumferential direction, that is, Figure 7 In the top-down state shown, the diagram shows the state of two groups of spray holes 1022, one group is biased toward the inner side of the circumference, and the other group is biased toward the outer side of the circumference. Its function is to expand the surface for generating thrust, so that the bearing ring can have a larger range of movement in the horizontal direction and can maintain stable suspension, thereby improving the overall suspension stability range. Multiple groups can achieve more balanced thrust and form a thrust surface to maintain suspension stability.

[0038] Furthermore, in the fourth embodiment, multiple groups of spray holes 1022 are provided on the basis of the second embodiment. The thrust stability of the multiple groups of spray holes 1022 cooperates with the axial stability of the through groove 1023 to achieve higher stability and ensure suspension.

[0039] See also Fig.11 In the fifth and sixth embodiments, based on the third and fourth embodiments, the number of groups of the spray holes 1022 is preferably three, wherein the axis of the spray holes 1022 of one group is vertically upward, and the axes of the other two groups are respectively directed toward the inner and outer sides of the circumference. Fig.11 It is the unfolded state of the ring generated by the center of the top circle of all the nozzle holes 1022, that is, the superposition state of different groups of nozzle holes 1022 when the circumference is unfolded into a straight line, wherein the dotted line is a group of nozzle holes 1022 facing outward of the circumference, the dotted line is a group of nozzle holes 1022 facing vertically upward, and the solid line is a group of nozzle holes 1022 facing the inner side of the circumference. Three groups can achieve a larger range to push the bearing ring (because the end face cross-sectional width of the bearing ring is small, the range of one group is small). Furthermore, the axis of the other two groups of nozzle holes 1022 have the same angle with the vertical direction, that is, in Fig.11 In this state, the two groups of spray holes 1022 that are not vertically upward are symmetrical with the axis of the spray holes 1022 that are vertically upward as a symmetry reference.

[0040] like Fig.12 As shown, the seventh embodiment is implemented on the basis of the sixth and fifth embodiments, that is, because the directions of the spray holes 1022 of different groups are different, the impact force of the water flow is different at the same horizontal height, because the flow distance of the water flow is different, that is Fig.12 In the three states, under the conditions of equal cross-section and flow velocity of the water column and equal horizontal height, the thrust generated by the spray hole 1022 with the axis vertically upward is greater than that of the other two groups. Therefore, when the bearing ring is at the optimal suspension height, the thrust generated by each spray hole 1022 should be the same and balanced with the buoyancy of gravity. Therefore, the aperture of the spray hole 1022 with the axis vertically upward is larger than that of the other two groups, thereby reducing the impact force.

[0041] See also Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 5 and Fig.10, Embodiment 8 and Embodiment 9 are implemented on the basis of Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2 respectively. In the initial state, if the cross section of the bearing ring is not located directly above the spray hole 1022, the impact flow of the spray hole 1022 will not act on the bearing ring, but the bearing ring is randomly placed (the range formed by the positioning flange 2 should be slightly larger than the outer diameter of the bearing ring, otherwise it is not easy to enter), and there is another possibility, that is, the spray holes 1022 under a certain part of the bearing ring are more than the corresponding spray holes 1022 under another part, that is, the unbalanced force causes tilting, so in order to better align, a steel cable 4 is set to carry the bearing ring, because the steel cable 4 has toughness and flexibility, such as Fig.10 , changing from the suspended arc shape at the top to the state at the bottom, so that the bearing ring does not contact the upper surface of the bearing base 102, and the bearing ring is centered and balanced to better achieve suspension.

[0042] See also Figure 5 and Figure 6 Embodiment 10 and embodiment 11 are implemented on the basis of embodiment 8 and embodiment 9, that is, the bearing plate 1 is divided into two layers, the lower layer is plate 2 a2, whose upper surface is flush with the upper surface of the bearing base 102, and the other layer is plate 1 a1 above. Plate 1 a1 is provided with an avoidance hole 5 located directly above the bearing base 102, and the positioning flange 2 is fixed to the inner side wall of the avoidance hole 5. At the same time, plate 1 a1 and plate 2 a2 are connected by bolts or a height-adjustable snap-fit ​​structure, that is, the height between the two can be adjusted so as to adapt to bearing rings of different axial thicknesses. Because of the flexibility of the steel cable 4, it can adaptively adapt to the change in the spacing between plate 1 a1 and plate 2 a2.

[0043] The upper edge of the positioning end of the positioning flange 2 is excessively rounded. After quenching and cooling in the coolant, the rounded corner facilitates the bearing ring to exit from the circular cavity formed by the positioning flange 2.

[0044] After the bearing ring is cooled, by tilting the bearing plate 1, the bearing ring will slide out due to the action of the steel cable 4 and the rounded corner at the top of the positioning flange 2, while the positioning plate 3 will be reset under the action of gravity.

[0045] The whole tooling is slowly lowered in the coolant by the sling, so that the bearing ring is suspended, and because of the effect of the through groove 1023, the water flow rotates, forming a tornado shape to improve the flow of the surrounding coolant and improve the heat exchange effect.

[0046] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device.

[0047] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A ball bearing quenching tool, comprising a bearing plate (1), characterized in that: The bearing plate (1) is composed of a plate base (101) and a bearing base (102) in a regular array. The upper surface of the bearing base (102) is lower than the upper surface of the plate base (101). The top of the bearing base (102) is also evenly provided with positioning flanges (2) along the circumferential direction. The highest point of the top of the positioning flange (2) is flush with the upper surface of the plate base (101). The positioning flange (2) is used to limit the horizontal position of the bearing ring. The top of the bearing base (102) is also coupled with a plurality of groups of positioning plates (3). The positioning plates (3) are evenly arranged on the bearing base (102) in the circumferential direction. The bearing base (102) is provided with a vertically arranged through hole (1021) directly below the positioning plate (3). When the positioning plate (3) moves downward with the bearing plate (1) in the coolant, The cooling liquid pushes and lifts the positioning plate (3), so that one end of the positioning plate (3) moves toward the center of the circle surrounded by the positioning plate (3) and upwards. The lifted positioning plate (3) forms an annular limit above the bearing base (102), limiting the spatial range of the bearing ring. The bearing base (102) is provided with spray holes (1022) distributed along a circumferential array, and the axis of a single spray hole (1022) is coplanar with the axis surrounded by the circumferential array of the spray holes (1022). The spray holes (1022) penetrate the upper and lower end surfaces of the bearing base (102). When the bearing plate (1) moves downward, the spray holes (1022) generate compressed water columns to impact the lower end surface of the bearing ring. The positioning flange (2), the positioning plate (3) and the spray holes (1022) are all distributed around the same axis.

2. A ball bearing quenching tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support base (102) is also provided with a through groove (1023) in the vertical direction, the axis of the through groove (1023) being coaxial with the axis of the circle around the spray hole (1022), the diameter of the through groove (1023) decreasing upward in the vertical direction, and a plurality of spiral convex ribs (1024) are evenly arranged along the circumference of the inner wall of the through groove (1023), the spiral convex ribs (1024) generating a spiral water column when the support plate (1) moves downward.

3. A ball bearing quenching tool according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The spray holes (1022) are divided into a plurality of groups, and each group is arranged alternately and at intervals, and the angles between the axes of the individual spray holes (1022) in different groups and the circumferential axis surrounded by the spray hole (1022) array are different.

4. A ball bearing quenching tool according to claim 3, characterized in that: The spray holes (1022) are divided into three groups, one of which has an axis parallel to the vertical direction, and the other two groups are oriented toward the inner and outer sides respectively, with the circumferential surface formed by the spray holes (1022) with the axis pointing vertically upward as a reference.

5. A ball bearing quenching tool according to claim 4, characterized in that: The top diameter of the spray holes (1022) axially pointing vertically upward is larger than that of the other two groups.

6. A ball bearing quenching tool according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: A steel cable (4) is connected between the positioning end surface of the positioning flange (2) and the top of the bearing base (102), and the connection point between the steel cable (4) and the bearing base (102) is located within the circumferential range formed by the spray hole (1022). The steel cable (4) is used to support the bearing ring so that it is initially located above the spray hole (1022).

7. A ball bearing quenching tool according to claim 6, characterized in that: The bearing plate (1) is composed of two layers, a plate one (a1) and a plate two (a2), wherein a relief hole (5) is provided on the plate one (a1) above the bearing base (102), and a positioning flange (2) is fixed to the inner wall of the relief hole (5), and the plate one (a1) can be raised and lowered on the plate two (a2).

8. A ball bearing quenching tool according to claim 7, characterized in that: The upper edge of the positioning end of the positioning flange (2) is excessively rounded.

Images