Floating type array breakwater and mooring method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of ocean engineering, in particular to a floating type array breakwater and a mooring method thereof. Comprising a plurality of wave dissipation modules, anchoring modules and cable tying modules, each wave dissipation module is of a columnar structure floating on the sea surface, and the multiple wave dissipation modules are arranged and distributed in a longitudinal column and transverse row array mode; the anchoring module is an anchoring structure which is located between the adjacent wave dissipation modules and fixed to the seabed. The upper end of the cable tying module is anchored to the wave dissipation module, and the lower end of the cable tying module is adjustably connected to the anchoring module in a tensioning mode. The wave dissipation module is anchored to the anchoring module through a plurality of cable tying modules arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction. The cable tying module comprises an upper layer of tying cables and a lower layer of tying cables. The floating type array breakwater is simple in structure, the number of anchoring structures and mooring structures is greatly reduced, the mooring construction difficulty is reduced, the mooring construction efficiency is improved, the wave dissipation module is effectively kept in a good working mode all the time, and the economical efficiency is greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of marine engineering, and in particular to a floating array breakwater and a mooring method thereof. Background Art

[0002] As a new type of marine protection structure, floating breakwaters have been widely used in port protection, marine aquaculture and other fields due to their strong adaptability, fast construction and high mobility. Traditional fixed breakwaters have high construction costs and difficulties in deep water areas, and are not easy to adapt to environmental changes. In contrast, floating breakwaters absorb wave energy through floating structures, effectively reducing wave erosion on the coastline. At the same time, their modular design also facilitates rapid deployment and maintenance.

[0003] The design of the mooring system of a floating breakwater is one of its core technologies. The mooring system needs to withstand environmental loads such as waves and wind to ensure the stability and safety of the breakwater. Existing mooring systems are mostly fixed with anchor chains, but this design may have the risk of dragging anchors or breaking anchor chains under extreme sea conditions, resulting in damage or failure of the breakwater.

[0004] For floating array breakwaters, since they are usually composed of multiple floating units, a large number of mooring cables and anchor blocks are required to fix these units to resist the impact of severe sea conditions. When performing transshipment and maintenance work, the increase in the number of mooring cables directly leads to an increase in the workload of transshipment. This involves not only physical handling, but also the connection and adjustment of mooring cables. In addition, the mooring system requires more time and human resources when performing maintenance or replacing parts. In actual operations, it may cause delays in the project schedule and increase the overall cost of the project. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of this application is to solve the deficiencies of the above-mentioned background technology and to provide a floating array breakwater and a mooring method thereof.

[0006] The technical solution of the present application is: a floating array breakwater, comprising:

[0007] A plurality of wave-breaking modules, wherein the wave-breaking modules are columnar structures floating on the sea surface, and the plurality of wave-breaking modules are arranged and distributed in an array pattern in columns longitudinally and rows transversely;

[0008] An anchoring module, wherein the anchoring module is an anchoring structure fixed to the seabed between adjacent wave-breaking modules;

[0009] A mooring module, the upper end of which is anchored to the wave-breaking module, and the lower end of which is tensioned and adjustable and connected to the anchoring module;

[0010] The wave-breaking module is anchored to the anchoring module through a plurality of groups of mooring modules which are arranged at equal intervals along the circumferential direction; the mooring module comprises two layers of mooring cables, upper and lower.

[0011] According to a floating array breakwater provided in the present application, the wave-breaking module is a floating hollow columnar structure with an inflow hole opened on the back-wave side.

[0012] According to a floating array breakwater provided by the present application, the inflow hole penetrates the wave-breaking module from bottom to top so that the wave-removing side of the wave-breaking module is an open structure.

[0013] According to a floating array breakwater provided in the present application, the wave-breaking module is a hollow columnar structure with an arc-shaped inner wall.

[0014] According to a floating array breakwater provided in the present application, the wave-breaking module is a hollow columnar structure with openings at both ends.

[0015] According to a floating array breakwater provided in the present application, the anchoring module includes anchor blocks fixed to the seabed, and multiple anchor blocks are arranged in an array pattern in rows horizontally and columns vertically, and each group of wave-breaking modules is located between four groups of anchor blocks adjacent vertically and horizontally.

[0016] According to a floating array breakwater provided in the present application, the angle between the projection of the mooring module in the horizontal direction and the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction is 45°.

[0017] According to a floating array breakwater provided by the present application, the upper end of the upper mooring cable and the upper end of the lower mooring cable overlap in the vertical direction, the upper end of the upper mooring cable is above the upper end of the lower mooring cable and the two are respectively placed near the upper end and near the lower end of the wave-breaking module; the lower ends of the upper mooring cable and the lower mooring cable are fixed at the same position of the anchoring module.

[0018] According to a floating array breakwater provided in the present application, the mooring cable includes a first section connected to a wave-breaking module and a second section connected to an anchoring module; the upper end of the first section is anchored to the wave-breaking module, and the lower end is provided with a mooring cable retraction and release structure; the lower end of the second section is connected to the anchoring module with adjustable tension through a tension adjustment structure, and the upper end is provided with a quick connection structure that can be connected to the mooring cable retraction and release structure.

[0019] According to a floating array breakwater provided in the present application, a buoy for suspending the mooring cable retracting and releasing structure to keep it at a set height is provided on the mooring cable retracting and releasing structure.

[0020] The present application also provides a floating array breakwater mooring method, the mooring method is used to perform a mooring operation on any of the above-mentioned floating array breakwaters, comprising:

[0021] Position the anchoring module and fix it to the seabed;

[0022] Transport the wave-breaking module to the sea area near the anchoring module, loosen the mooring module connected to the wave-breaking module, and use an underwater robot to connect the lower end of the mooring module to the anchoring module;

[0023] Tension the mooring cable module, adjust the length of the mooring cable module, and lock the mooring cable module after the angle and position on the anchor block meet the design requirements;

[0024] Carry out the installation in sequence until all mooring modules corresponding to the wave-breaking module are installed, and tighten the mooring modules to the design requirements;

[0025] This process is repeated until all wave-breaking modules have completed the mooring operation.

[0026] According to a floating array breakwater mooring method provided in the present application, the method of connecting the lower end of the mooring module to the anchoring module using an underwater robot includes: splitting the upper and lower layers of the mooring module into two sections, connecting the upper end of the first section to the wave-breaking module, installing a mooring cable retraction and release structure at the lower end of the first section, suspending and marking the mooring cable retraction and release structure through a buoy, and connecting the lower end of the second section to the tension adjustment structure on the anchoring module; the underwater robot dives based on the buoy to connect the quick connection structure at the upper end of the second section to the mooring cable retraction and release structure, and the mooring cable retraction and release structure tightens the first section and the second section.

[0027] According to a floating array breakwater mooring method provided in the present application, the method of tensioning the mooring cable module to the design requirements includes: adjusting the tension of the mooring cable by using the tension adjustment structure on the mooring cable, so that the tension of the mooring cables of the upper and lower layers in the same mooring cable module meets the following requirements:

[0028]

[0029] Where: F1 – the tension of the lower mooring cable;

[0030] F2 – the tension of the upper mooring cable;

[0031] ΔF——The force that the wave-breaking module needs to balance;

[0032] n——the number of mooring modules corresponding to each wave-breaking module;

[0033] α – the angle between the lower mooring cable and the horizontal plane;

[0034] β – the angle between the upper mooring cable and the horizontal plane.

[0035] The advantages of the present application are as follows: 1. The floating array breakwater of the present application arranges a plurality of columnar wave-breaking modules in an array mode, wherein the anchoring modules are located between adjacent wave-breaking modules, and the plurality of wave-breaking modules share the anchoring modules in the middle, thereby greatly saving the number of mooring modules, making the entire mooring structure more centralized, greatly reducing the difficulty of mooring, and greatly improving the efficiency of mooring. The steps of connecting, disassembling, and releasing the mooring cables are simple and can be completed by underwater robots, thereby effectively reducing the amount of construction and improving economic efficiency.

[0036] 2. The wave-breaking module of the present application has a simple structure, and an inflow hole is provided on its back-wave side, so that after the wave passes through the wave-breaking module, the wave can enter the wave-breaking module from the back-wave side to perform Helmholtz resonance. At the same time, the wave reflected by other wave-breaking modules can also enter the wave-breaking module from the back-wave side to perform Helmholtz resonance, thus achieving a good wave-breaking effect.

[0037] 3. The anchor blocks of the present application surround the wave-breaking modules. Four anchor blocks correspond to one group of wave-breaking modules, which can provide tensioning effects in four directions on the wave-breaking modules, effectively maintaining the stability of the wave-breaking modules. At the same time, one anchor block can be used for anchoring four wave-breaking modules, which greatly reduces the number of anchor blocks, greatly reduces the number of mooring modules, and greatly improves the efficiency of mooring operations;

[0038] 4. The wave-breaking module of the present application corresponds to four groups of mooring modules, which are symmetrically arranged around the wave-breaking module with the wave-breaking module as the center. The angle between the mooring module and the horizontal and longitudinal directions is 45°. Such an arrangement mode can maximize the use of the space between the wave-breaking modules, making the tension of the wave-breaking modules more stable and mooring more convenient;

[0039] 5. The mooring module of the present application includes two layers of mooring cables, the upper ends of which are respectively fixed to the positions near the upper and lower ends of the wave-breaking module, so that the columnar wave-breaking module can be well tensioned and fixed, so that the columnar wave-breaking module can be stably suspended and floated on the sea surface, achieving a good wave-breaking effect;

[0040] 6. The present application splits the mooring cable into two sections, and provides a quick connection structure and a mooring cable retracting and releasing structure. Such a structure greatly facilitates the connection of the underwater robot to the mooring cable, making the mooring and mooring operations simpler and easier to operate;

[0041] 7. This application sets a buoy on the mooring retractable structure, which can accurately mark the exact position of the mooring retractable structure below, making it convenient for the underwater robot to obtain the position of the mooring retractable structure below according to the buoy to perform the mooring connection operation;

[0042] 8. The mooring method of the present application is efficient and simple, and can conveniently and quickly connect the wave-breaking module and the anchoring module using the mooring module. The operation is simple, and the connection, tightening and adjustment of the mooring become extremely convenient, which effectively reduces the construction workload;

[0043] 9. The present application is very convenient for the construction of mooring cables. The mooring cables are divided into two sections, which are respectively connected to the wave-breaking module and the anchoring module. The underwater robot docks the mooring cables underwater, and then tightens the mooring cables using the mooring cable retracting and releasing structure to complete the mooring cable connection operation. The construction efficiency is extremely high, and the construction difficulty is greatly reduced.

[0044] 10. The tension adjustment of the mooring cable in the present application is determined based on the columnar wave-breaking module, ensuring that the wave-breaking module can be stably suspended on the sea surface. The tension of the two mooring cables of the mooring cable module is adjusted through the tension adjustment structure. The adjustment is simple and the tension adjustment is highly accurate, which can maintain the wave-breaking module in a good working mode at all times.

[0045] The floating array breakwater of the present application has a simple structure, which greatly reduces the number of anchoring structures and mooring structures, reduces the difficulty of mooring construction, improves the efficiency of mooring construction, effectively maintains the wave-breaking module in a good working mode at all times, reduces the influence of geological conditions, water depth, tides and other factors, greatly improves the economic efficiency, and has great promotion value. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0046] Figure 1 : Schematic diagram of the mooring process of the wave-breaking module of the present application;

[0047] Figure 2 : Schematic diagram of the completion of the mooring of the wave-breaking module of this application;

[0048] Figure 3 : View of the mooring axis of the wave-breaking module of the present application;

[0049] Figure 4 : Schematic diagram of the arrangement of the wave-breaking module array and the anchor block arrangement of the present application (viewed from above);

[0050] Figure 5 : Schematic diagram of the arrangement of the wave-breaking module array of the present application;

[0051] Among them: 1—wave-breaking module; 2—anchor block; 3—mooring cable; 4—mooring cable retracting and releasing structure; 5—tension adjustment structure; 6—quick connection structure; 7—buoy. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0052] The embodiments of the present application are described in detail below, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are intended to be used to explain the present application, and should not be construed as limiting the present application.

[0053] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0054] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of this application, the meaning of "plurality" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0055] The present application is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0056] The present application relates to a floating array breakwater. The breakwater of the present application is constructed by using a plurality of columnar wave-breaking modules in an array arrangement pattern in horizontal rows and vertical columns. The wave-breaking modules are connected to the anchoring modules through the wave-breaking modules. The anchoring modules are located between adjacent wave-breaking modules. Multiple wave-breaking modules share the middle anchoring module. Therefore, the number of anchoring modules used can be greatly reduced, and the wave-breaking modules of the entire breakwater can be arranged more concentratedly to form a tightly arranged array-type wave-breaking structure. The breakwater of the present application reduces the number of anchoring modules, and the number of corresponding mooring modules is also greatly reduced. The mooring operation is simpler, the construction efficiency is greatly improved, and the subsequent disassembly becomes extremely convenient. At the same time, the influence of geological conditions, water depth, tides and other factors is reduced, and the economic efficiency is greatly improved.

[0057] Specifically, Figures 1 to 5 As shown, a floating array breakwater comprises a plurality of wave-breaking modules 1, an anchoring module and a mooring module. The wave-breaking module 1 is a columnar structure floating on the sea surface. The plurality of wave-breaking modules 1 are arranged in an array pattern in which the modules are arranged in longitudinal columns and transverse rows. The transverse direction of the present application refers to the Figure 4 The left and right directions in this application refer to the longitudinal direction. Figure 4In the up-down direction, the lateral direction and the longitudinal direction intersect vertically, and multiple wave-breaking modules 1 are arranged at equal intervals in the lateral direction and at equal intervals in the longitudinal direction, forming an array arrangement mode. The wave-breaking module 1 of the present application is a columnar floating component, the lower half of the wave-breaking module 1 is below the water surface, and the upper half floats above the water surface. The water entry depth of the wave-breaking module 1 is set and arranged according to actual needs.

[0058] The anchoring module is an anchoring structure fixed to the seabed between adjacent wave-breaking modules 1. The anchoring module of the present application is located between adjacent wave-breaking modules 1, and adjacent wave-breaking modules 1 can share the anchoring module, which can greatly reduce the number of anchoring modules, making the entire breakwater system more centralized and streamlined, and the overall mooring construction simpler and more efficient.

[0059] The upper end of the mooring module is anchored to the wave-breaking module 1, and the lower end is tensioned and adjustably connected to the anchoring module. The mooring module is a cable structure connecting the wave-breaking module 1 and the anchoring module. It is used to fix the wave-breaking module 1 to the anchoring module, limit the wave-breaking module 1 to the set sea area and make it at a set water depth. The mooring module is the most complicated part of the entire mooring construction process.

[0060] The wave-breaking module 1 of the present application is anchored to the anchoring module through a plurality of mooring modules arranged equidistantly along the circumference. Specifically, Figures 1 to 4 As shown, each group of wave-breaking modules 1 of the present application is fixed by four groups of mooring modules, and the four groups of mooring modules are respectively placed on both sides of the lateral direction and the longitudinal direction of the wave-breaking module 1. Each group of mooring modules includes two layers of mooring cables 3, and the use of a double-layer mooring cable structure for mooring the wave-breaking module 1 can improve the stability of the connection of the wave-breaking module 1.

[0061] When the breakwater of the present application is actually moored, the following factors are considered: geological conditions, water depth, tides, etc., the installation position of the anchoring module is selected, the anchoring module is positioned, and the anchoring module is fixed to the seabed;

[0062] Transport the wave-breaking module 1 to the sea area near the anchoring module, loosen the mooring module connected to the wave-breaking module 1, and use an underwater robot to connect the lower end of the mooring module to the anchoring module;

[0063] Tension the mooring cable module, adjust the length of the mooring cable module, and lock the mooring cable module after the angle and position on the anchor block 2 meet the design requirements;

[0064] This is done sequentially until all mooring modules corresponding to the wave-breaking module 1 are installed, and the mooring modules are tensioned to the design requirements;

[0065] This is carried out sequentially until all the wave-breaking modules 1 have completed the mooring operation.

[0066] In some embodiments of the present application, the present embodiment optimizes the structure of the above-mentioned wave-breaking module 1. Specifically, the wave-breaking module 1 of the present embodiment is a floating hollow columnar structure with an inflow hole on the back-wave side. The wave-breaking module 1 is a columnar hollow structure, and the inner cavity of the wave-breaking module 1 serves as a wave-breaking chamber. Waves pass through the wave-breaking module 1 from the wave-facing side of the wave-breaking module 1, and finally diffract from the inflow hole on the back-wave side into the inner cavity of the wave-breaking module 1 and undergo Helmholtz resonance in the inner cavity. In the array-type wave-breaking module 1, the waves emitted by the wave-breaking modules 1 in the rear row will also enter the wave-breaking modules 1 in the front row, and the waves entering the wave-breaking module 1 will undergo Helmholtz resonance, producing a good wave-breaking effect.

[0067] In order to further improve the wave-breaking effect, the inflow hole of this embodiment penetrates the wave-breaking module 1 from bottom to top, so that the wave-removing side of the wave-breaking module 1 is an open structure. That is, the wave-breaking module 1 of this embodiment is a C-shaped structure with one side completely open, and more waves will flow into the inside of the wave-breaking module 1 from the open side of the wave-breaking module 1, and Helmholtz resonance will occur inside the wave-breaking module 1, thereby achieving the effect of wave-breaking.

[0068] In addition, the wave-breaking module 1 of this embodiment is a hollow cylindrical structure with an arc-shaped inner wall. The arc-shaped inner wall can make the waves entering the wave-breaking module 1 resonate better, reduce the collision with the inner wall of the wave-breaking module 1, and achieve the purpose of wave breaking more through Helmholtz resonance.

[0069] The wave-breaking module 1 of this embodiment is a hollow columnar structure with openings at both ends. Therefore, the waves entering the wave-breaking module 1 will surge vertically up and down in the wave-breaking module 1. The upper and lower ends of the wave-breaking module 1 are open, so the flow or surge of the water flow inside the wave-breaking module 1 will not be restricted, further improving the effect of wave-breaking.

[0070] In other embodiments of the present application, the above-mentioned anchoring structure is optimized. Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the anchoring module includes anchor blocks 2 fixed to the seabed, and a plurality of anchor blocks 2 are arranged in an array pattern in rows transversely and columns longitudinally, and each group of wave-breaking modules 1 is located between four groups of anchor blocks 2 adjacent longitudinally and transversely.

[0071] In fact, there are three types of anchor blocks 2 in this embodiment. One is an edge anchor block in the middle of the breakwater edge (such as Figure 4 A), the second is the outer corner anchor block at the outermost edge of the breakwater (such as Figure 4 B), the third is the internal anchor block inside the breakwater (such as Figure 4C shown). The edge anchor blocks are located on the transverse outer side and the longitudinal outer side of the wave-breaking module 1 array, each edge anchor block is located on the transverse center line of two adjacent rows of wave-breaking modules, or on the longitudinal center line of two adjacent columns of wave-breaking modules, and only one side of the edge anchor block is provided with a mooring module, so each edge anchor block is connected to two wave-breaking modules through two groups of mooring modules; the outer corner anchor blocks are located at the four corners of the wave-breaking module array, at the intersection of the outermost row of edge anchor blocks and the extension line of a column of edge anchor blocks, and the outer corner anchor blocks are connected to the wave-breaking modules at the corners of the wave-breaking module array through a group of mooring modules; the internal anchor blocks are located in the middle of the wave-breaking module array, and each internal anchor block is surrounded by wave-breaking modules 1, that is, the internal anchor blocks are located between four wave-breaking modules 1 adjacent to each other in the longitudinal and transverse directions, and further, the connecting lines between the four wave-breaking modules 1 form a square, and the internal anchor blocks are located at the midpoint of the square.

[0072] Each wave-breaking module 1 of the present embodiment corresponds to four anchor blocks 2. The four anchor blocks 2 are distributed in pairs in the longitudinal and transverse directions. The connecting lines of the four anchor blocks 2 form a square. The wave-breaking module 1 is located at the midpoint of the square. The projection of the mooring module in the horizontal direction forms an angle of 45° with the transverse and longitudinal directions.

[0073] The conventional mooring structure has one wave-breaking module corresponding to four anchor blocks, and each anchor block is not shared. The mooring structure of this embodiment has one wave-breaking module corresponding to four anchor blocks, but the anchor blocks are shared. Figure 4 As shown, it is a schematic diagram of the mooring structure layout of this embodiment. For a breakwater structure with n×m wave-breaking modules, there are n wave-breaking modules evenly spaced in the transverse direction, and m wave-breaking modules evenly spaced in the longitudinal direction. The spacing between adjacent longitudinal wave-breaking modules is equal to the spacing between adjacent transverse wave-breaking modules. In a breakwater structure with n×m wave-breaking modules, the number of outer corner anchor blocks is 4, the number of edge anchor blocks is 2n+2m-4, and the number of internal anchor blocks is nm-mn, that is, the total number of anchor blocks is nm+n+m. For conventional mooring structures, a breakwater with n×m wave-breaking modules requires 4nm anchor blocks, and the mooring structure of this embodiment greatly reduces the number of anchor blocks.

[0074] In a further embodiment of the present application, the structure of the above-mentioned mooring cable module is optimized. Specifically, Figures 1 to 3 As shown, each group of mooring cable modules in this embodiment includes two upper and lower mooring cables 3, wherein the upper end of the upper mooring cable and the upper end of the lower mooring cable overlap in the vertical direction, the upper end of the upper mooring cable is above the upper end of the lower mooring cable and the two are respectively arranged near the upper end and near the lower end of the wave-breaking module 1, and the lower ends of the upper mooring cable and the lower mooring cable are fixed at the same position of the anchoring module.

[0075] Because the mooring of the wave-breaking module 1 in this embodiment is a four-point mooring method, that is, each group of wave-breaking modules 1 corresponds to four groups of mooring modules and four groups of anchor blocks 2, and the four groups of mooring modules work together to maintain the water depth and balance of the wave-breaking module 1. The upper and lower two layers of mooring cables of each group of mooring modules are respectively connected to the wave-breaking module. The draft depth that the wave-breaking module needs to maintain by relying on the mooring is d, and the wave-breaking module needs a balancing force ΔF = [ω*(d-d1)*Sm]*g, where ω is the density of seawater, S is the cross-sectional area of ​​the wave-breaking module, m is the weight of the wave-breaking module, and d1 is the draft of the wave-breaking module in a self-floating state.

[0076] According to the angle between the mooring cable module and the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction is 45°, the angle between the lower mooring cable and the horizontal plane can be calculated as:

[0077]

[0078] Where: α is the angle between the lower mooring cable and the horizontal plane;

[0079] r——radius of the wave-breaking module;

[0080] R——mooring radius, which can be equivalent to the horizontal distance between the axis of the wave-breaking module and the anchor block 2;

[0081] H——water depth;

[0082] d——draft depth of the wave-breaking module;

[0083] The angle of the upper mooring cable relative to the horizontal plane can be calculated as:

[0084]

[0085] Where: β is the angle between the upper mooring cable and the horizontal plane;

[0086] r——radius of the wave-breaking module;

[0087] R——mooring radius, which can be equivalent to the horizontal distance between the axis of the wave-breaking module and the anchor block 2;

[0088] H——water depth;

[0089] L——axial length of the wave-breaking module;

[0090] d——draft depth of the wave-breaking module;

[0091] The length of the upper and lower mooring cables can be calculated using the following formula:

[0092]

[0093] Where: L1 is the length of the lower mooring cable, that is, the length of the lower mooring cable between the connection point between the lower mooring cable and the wave-breaking module and the connection point between the lower mooring cable and the anchor block after mooring is completed;

[0094] L2 is the length of the upper mooring cable, i.e. the length of the upper mooring cable between the connection point between the upper mooring cable and the wave-breaking module and the connection point between the upper mooring cable and the anchor block after mooring is completed;

[0095] r——radius of the wave-breaking module;

[0096] R——mooring radius, which can be equivalent to the horizontal distance between the axis of the wave-breaking module and the anchor block 2;

[0097] H——water depth;

[0098] d——draft depth of the wave-breaking module.

[0099] The tension of the two mooring cables of the mooring module needs to meet the requirements of maintaining the stability of the wave-breaking module, so the following formula can be constructed:

[0100]

[0101] Where: F1 – the tension of the lower mooring cable;

[0102] F2 – the tension of the upper mooring cable;

[0103] ΔF——The force that the wave-breaking module needs to balance;

[0104] n——the number of mooring modules corresponding to each wave-breaking module 1. The corresponding value of n in this embodiment is 4;

[0105] α – the angle between the lower mooring cable and the horizontal plane;

[0106] β – the angle between the upper mooring cable and the horizontal plane.

[0107] In a preferred embodiment of the present application, the above-mentioned mooring structure is optimized. Specifically, Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the mooring cable 3 of this embodiment includes a first section connected to the wave-breaking module 1 and a second section connected to the anchoring module, the upper end of the first section is anchored on the wave-breaking module 1, and the lower end is provided with a mooring cable retraction and release structure 4, the lower end of the second section is connected to the anchoring module with adjustable tension through a tension adjustment structure 5, and the upper end is provided with a quick connection structure 6 that can be connected to the mooring cable retraction and release structure 4.

[0108] In this embodiment, the mooring cable 3 is split into two sections to facilitate the subsequent connection of the mooring cable 3. The first section is connected to the wave-breaking module 1, and its end is connected to the mooring cable retracting and releasing structure 4. The mooring cable retracting and releasing structure 4 of this embodiment is a structure similar to a retractor. The interior of the mooring cable retracting and releasing structure 4 is a ring-shaped card slot that can accommodate a mooring cable of a given length. The mooring cable is retracted and released by rotating the mooring cable in / out of the ring-shaped card slot, thereby automatically changing the length of the mooring cable. The outer side of the mooring cable retracting and releasing structure 4 should have a rotation circle number and rotation angle indicator mark for judging the length of the retracted mooring cable, and has a locking and releasing device to avoid the risk of cable detachment. The first section of the mooring cable is retracted in the mooring cable retracting and releasing structure 4, and the first section can be pulled out and retracted relative to the mooring cable retracting and releasing structure 4 by a robot. The second section is installed on the anchor block 2 through the tension adjustment structure 5. The tension adjustment structure 5 is a winch structure with tension monitoring. By tensioning the second section to the set tension value, the required tension adjustment requirements can be met. A quick connection structure 6 is provided at the upper end of the second section. The quick connection structure 6 is actually a structure such as a fixing ring or a buckle, which can be quickly hooked and fixed on the mooring cable retracting and releasing structure 4.

[0109] The first section and the second section of this embodiment are docked underwater, so in order to facilitate the robot to quickly find the docking interface underwater, this embodiment is provided with a buoy 7 for suspending the mooring cable retracting structure 4 to make it at a set height. The buoy 7 can mark the position of the mooring cable retracting structure 4 below, so that the robot can quickly find the corresponding position.

[0110] When the floating array breakwater of the present application is moored, the following steps can be followed:

[0111] S1. Considering geological conditions, water depth, tide and other factors, the installation position of the anchor block 2 is selected; when installing the anchor block 2, firstly positioning is performed, and the anchor block 2 is lowered to the seabed using the installation equipment; and pressure is applied to fix the anchor block 2 on the seabed;

[0112] S2, the wave-breaking module 1 is floated to the vicinity of the anchor block, the first section of the mooring cable on the wave-breaking module 1 is loosened by the mooring cable retracting and releasing structure 4 to make it in a relatively loose state, and a buoy 7 is installed on the mooring cable retracting and releasing structure 4 to make the buoy 7 float on the water surface, such as Figure 1 As shown;

[0113] S3, the underwater robot dives underwater according to the position of the buoy 7, connects the first section of the mooring cable of the upper and lower layers of the wave-breaking module 1 with the second section of the mooring cable of the anchor block, and hooks the quick connection structure 6 at the upper end of the second section to the mooring cable retracting and releasing structure 4 of the first section, so that the first section and the second section are connected;

[0114] S4, tighten the first section through the mooring cable retracting and releasing structure 4, so that the length of the mooring cable 3 reaches the designed length, ensure that the angle and position of the mooring cable 3 on the anchor block 2 are correct, and lock the mooring cable retracting and releasing structure 4 after it does not loosen;

[0115] S5, repeat the above steps until the eight mooring cables of the wave-breaking module 1 are installed;

[0116] S6. The underwater robot / diver continues to dive to the vicinity of the anchor block 2, reads the value of the tension adjustment structure 5, and tightens the mooring cable through the tension adjustment structure 5 until the sum of the pre-tensions of the two mooring cables at the anchor point meets the design requirements, such as Figure 2 As shown;

[0117] S7, repeating step S6 for each anchor point of the anchor block 2, and after completion, performing relevant inspections and tests to check the fixing effect to ensure that the anchor block 2 can withstand the effects of wave and water flow loads without displacement;

[0118] S8. Repeat steps S1 to S7 until the mooring of the floating array breakwater is completed.

[0119] like Figure 1 As shown, the axial direction of the present application Figure 1 The axial direction of the central columnar wave-breaking module is the vertical direction of the present application. Figure 1 The horizontal direction of this application refers to Figure 1 The direction perpendicular to the paper.

[0120] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present application. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present application is not limited by the above embodiments, and the above embodiments and descriptions are only for explaining the principles of the present application. The present application may have various changes and improvements without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application, and these changes and improvements fall within the scope of the present application to be protected. The scope of protection claimed in the present application is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A floating array breakwater, characterized in that: include, A plurality of wave-breaking modules (1), wherein the wave-breaking modules (1) are columnar structures floating on the sea surface, and the plurality of wave-breaking modules (1) are arranged and distributed in an array pattern in which they are arranged in columns longitudinally and rows transversely; An anchoring module, the anchoring module being an anchoring structure fixed to the seabed and located between adjacent wave-breaking modules (1); A mooring module, the upper end of which is anchored to the wave-breaking module (1), and the lower end of which is tensioned and adjustable and connected to the anchoring module; The wave-breaking module (1) is anchored to the anchoring module via a plurality of groups of mooring cable modules which are arranged at equal intervals along the circumferential direction; the mooring cable module comprises upper and lower layers of mooring cables (3).

2. A floating array breakwater according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wave-breaking module (1) is a floating hollow columnar structure with an inflow hole opened on the side facing away from the waves.

3. A floating array breakwater according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anchoring module comprises anchor blocks (2) fixed to the seabed, wherein a plurality of anchor blocks (2) are arranged in a horizontal row and vertical column array, and each group of wave-breaking modules (1) is located between four groups of anchor blocks (2) adjacent in the vertical and horizontal directions.

4. A floating array breakwater according to claim 3, characterized in that: The included angle between the projection of the mooring cable module in the horizontal direction and the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction is 45°.

5. The floating array breakwater according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper end of the upper mooring cable (3) and the upper end of the lower mooring cable (3) overlap in the vertical direction, the upper end of the upper mooring cable (3) is located above the upper end of the lower mooring cable (3), and the two are respectively placed near the upper end and near the lower end of the wave-breaking module (1); the lower ends of the upper mooring cable (3) and the lower mooring cable (3) are fixed at the same position of the anchoring module.

6. A floating array breakwater according to claim 5, characterized in that: The mooring cable (3) comprises a first section connected to the wave-breaking module (1) and a second section connected to the anchoring module; the upper end of the first section is anchored to the wave-breaking module (1), and the lower end is provided with a mooring cable retracting and releasing structure (4); the lower end of the second section is connected to the anchoring module with adjustable tension via a tension adjustment structure (5), and the upper end is provided with a quick connection structure (6) that can be connected to the mooring cable retracting and releasing structure (4).

7. A floating array breakwater according to claim 6, characterized in that: The mooring cable retracting and releasing structure (4) is provided with a buoy (7) for suspending the mooring cable retracting and releasing structure (4) to place it at a set height.

8. A method for mooring a floating array breakwater, characterized in that: The mooring method is used to perform a mooring operation on any one of the floating array breakwaters as claimed in claims 1 to 7, comprising: Position the anchoring module and fix it to the seabed; The wave-breaking module (1) is transported to the sea area near the anchoring module, the mooring module connected to the wave-breaking module (1) is loosened, and the lower end of the mooring module is connected to the anchoring module using an underwater robot; The mooring cable module is tensioned, and the length, angle and position of the mooring cable module on the anchor block (2) are adjusted to meet the design requirements, and then the mooring cable module is locked; This is carried out in sequence until all the mooring modules corresponding to the wave-breaking module (1) are installed, and the mooring modules are tensioned to the design requirements; This is carried out sequentially until all the wave-breaking modules (1) have completed the mooring operation.

9. A floating array breakwater mooring method as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that: The method for connecting the lower end of a mooring module to an anchoring module using an underwater robot comprises: splitting the upper and lower layers of mooring cables (3) of the mooring module into two sections, connecting the upper end of the first section to a wave-breaking module (1), installing a mooring cable retracting and releasing structure (4) at the lower end of the first section, suspending and marking the mooring cable retracting and releasing structure (4) through a buoy (7), and connecting the lower end of the second section to a tension adjustment structure (5) on the anchoring module; the underwater robot dives based on the buoy (7) to connect the quick connection structure (6) at the upper end of the second section to the mooring cable retracting and releasing structure (4), and the mooring cable retracting and releasing structure (4) tightens the first section and the second section.

10. A floating array breakwater mooring method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The method for tensioning the mooring cable module to the design requirements comprises: using a tension adjustment structure (5) on the mooring cable (3) to adjust the tension of the mooring cable (3) so that the tension of the upper and lower layers of the mooring cables (3) in the same mooring cable module meets the following requirements: Where: F1 is the tension of the lower mooring cable (3); F2 - the tension of the upper mooring cable (3); ΔF——the force that the wave-breaking module (1) needs to balance; n is the number of mooring modules corresponding to each wave-breaking module (1); α – the angle between the lower mooring cable (3) and the horizontal plane; β is the angle between the upper mooring cable (3) and the horizontal plane.

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