Cubilose fruit seedling culture substrate and cubilose fruit grafting seedling culture method

Abstract

The invention discloses a cubilose fruit seedling raising substrate and a cubilose fruit grafting seedling raising method, the cubilose fruit seedling raising substrate comprises a seedling raising substrate pretreatment substance and yellow subsoil according to a volume ratio of (4-8) 6: 1, and the seedling raising substrate pretreatment substance comprises a mushroom residue pretreatment substance and a seaweed residue pretreatment substance according to a volume ratio of (1-3): 1. According to the method, the quality of cubilose fruit grafted seedlings is effectively improved, the high-quality and low-cost cubilose fruit special seedling raising material is obtained by turning waste into wealth, and the problem of environmental pollution is solved. By adopting the novel grafting method, the grafting survival rate can be effectively improved, the seedling raising cost is further reduced, and large-scale cultivation of cubilose fruit high-quality seedlings is realized. Meanwhile, by using the long stock, the growth speed of scion buds can be remarkably increased, the racking time of cubilose branches is shortened, and the blooming and fruiting stages are started in advance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation, and particularly relates to a bird's nest fruit seedling cultivation matrix and a bird's nest fruit grafting seedling cultivation method. Background Art

[0002] Bird's nest fruit (Hylocereus undatus Britt. & Rose) is a tetraploid plant produced by the natural hybridization of Hylocereus undatus and Hylocereus undatus of the Cactaceae family. It is native to the tropical and subtropical regions of Central America. It is a new pitaya variety introduced to my country in recent years and is currently only planted in small quantities in my country. The flesh of the bird's nest fruit is filamentous, snow-white and delicate, with rich and throat-soothing juice. Compared with ordinary pitaya, the bird's nest fruit has unique plant albumin, which is very beneficial for enhancing human immunity. The bird's nest fruit is rich in nutrition, unique in function, high in economic benefits, and has great development potential. Ordinary pitaya is generally planted with cuttings. Because the bird's nest fruit cuttings are planted, the plants grow weakly and the yield is low, which cannot meet the production requirements, so the bird's nest fruit is generally planted with grafted seedlings.

[0003] With the development of modern agricultural technology, substrate cultivation has attracted widespread attention due to its advantages of environmental protection, cleanliness, economy and high efficiency. Among them, the seedling substrate is the core component of substrate cultivation, and its characteristics directly affect the quality of seedlings. Traditional seedling substrates are usually based on peat soil, rock wool, etc. These materials have limited resources, high costs, and some are difficult to degrade. Long-term use can easily cause environmental pollution. Summary of the invention

[0004] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a bird's nest fruit seedling matrix, which comprises, by volume ratio: seedling matrix pretreatment material: loess = (4-8) 6:1, wherein the seedling matrix pretreatment material is a volume ratio of fungus residue pretreatment material: seaweed residue pretreatment material = (1-3):1.

[0005] Furthermore, the particle size of the mushroom residue is 1-3 cm.

[0006] Furthermore, the mushroom residue is Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom residue.

[0007] Furthermore, the seaweed residue has a water content of 50-60%.

[0008] Furthermore, the mushroom residue pretreatment material and the seaweed residue pretreatment material are mixed to obtain a residue mixture, which is evenly spread on the fermentation bed with a thickness of 1-1.5m, and the humidity is maintained at 50-60%. It is covered with a black film, turned over once after 7-15 days, and then fermented for 8 to 12 days to obtain a seedling matrix pretreatment material; the seedling matrix pretreatment material and yellow heart soil are mixed according to the volume ratio to obtain the bird's nest fruit seedling matrix.

[0009] Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for raising bird's nest fruit seedlings, comprising the following steps:

[0010] Step 1: Grafting

[0011] Stock selection and processing: Choose a robust 1-2 year old mature dragon fruit branch as the stock, with a length of 60-100cm. Use a knife to cut off 2-3cm of mesophyll tissue at the root of the stock to expose the woody white vascular bundle, and use pitaya special bud removal scissors to cut off all the buds of the stock; use a V-shaped grafting knife to insert 1 / 3 of the branch mesophyll tissue upwards 5-7cm from the top of the stock, and cut out a 5-7cm long V-grafting groove;

[0012] Selection and processing of scion: Select 1-2 year old mature bird's nest fruit branches with strong and full buds as scion, use V-shaped grafting knife, select the position of two buds, cut into the mesophyll tissue 1 / 2 depth, width 5-7cm, take out 5-7cm long double bud scion; double bud scion is used for scion;

[0013] Grafting: Align the double-bud scion with the V-shaped grafting port of the stock, press gently until it fits perfectly, and use grafting film to bind the scion and stock to obtain the bird's nest fruit grafted branches;

[0014] Step 2: After the grafting is completed, the grafted branches are disinfected; the grafted branches are placed on a multi-layer rack in a cool, dry and ventilated place indoors, and the cuttings are performed after the wounds are dried and healed for 1-2 days;

[0015] (1) Seedbed preparation: using the bird's nest fruit seedling medium described in any one of claims 1 to 5, turning the soil and mixing it evenly, and spreading it on the seedbed with a thickness of 5-6 cm; building a grid fixing frame 50-60 cm above the ground on the seedbed for fixing the grafted branches;

[0016] (2) Grafting: Immerse 2-3 cm of the base of the grafted branch in the rooting agent for 3 minutes, then take it out and dry it, and insert 2-3 cm of the base of the grafted branch into the substrate.

[0017] (3) Management after cutting: After cutting, spray copper hydroxide, carbendazim or thiophanate-methyl once every 7-10 days, and use them alternately; water once every 3-5 days to maintain the moisture content of the seedbed substrate at 65-75%; 8-12 days after cutting, water once with a solution to promote rooting of the grafted branches; after the rootstock and scion are completely healed and the scion begins to sprout, the grafting film should be removed; 30-35 days after cutting, when the new buds of the scion grow to 5-10 cm, the seedlings can be germinated in batches.

[0018] Furthermore, in step 2, 1000 times diluted 70% thiophanate methyl is sprayed to disinfect the grafted branches.

[0019] Furthermore, in step 2, the rooting agent is 80-120 times liquid of Genpan.

[0020] Furthermore, in step three, the time required for the rootstock and scion to completely heal is 14 to 16 days.

[0021] Furthermore, in step three (3), the solution for promoting rooting of grafted branches is 800 to 1200 times potassium humate solution.

[0022] Unless otherwise specified, the equipment, reagents, processes, parameters, etc. involved in the present invention are conventional equipment, reagents, processes, parameters, etc. and are not given as embodiments.

[0023] All ranges recited herein include all point values ​​within the range.

[0024] In the present invention, the "room temperature" refers to the normal ambient temperature, which can be 10 to 30°C.

[0025] Compared with the background technology, this technical solution has the following advantages:

[0026] Industrial and agricultural production waste, such as edible fungus residue, carrageenan extraction waste and seaweed residue, are not only abundant in source and low in price, but also contain the nutrients required by plants. After being processed and scientifically proportioned, they can be used as a special seedling medium for bird's nest fruit. The use of this seedling medium not only solves the problem of industrial and agricultural production waste treatment, but also provides the nutrients required for the growth of bird's nest fruit seedlings, truly realizing waste recycling and environmental protection.

[0027] In order to mass-produce high-quality, low-cost bird's nest fruit seedlings, the bird's nest fruit special seedling medium and the bird's nest fruit new grafting seedling method proposed in the present invention can effectively improve the quality of bird's nest fruit seedlings, shorten the seedling raising time, reduce the seedling raising cost, and improve the seedling raising efficiency. The present invention not only effectively improves the quality of bird's nest fruit grafted seedlings, but also turns waste into treasure, that is, obtains high-quality, low-cost bird's nest fruit special seedling raising materials, and solves the problem of environmental pollution. The adoption of a new grafting method can effectively improve the grafting survival rate, thereby reducing the seedling raising cost and realizing the large-scale cultivation of high-quality bird's nest fruit seedlings. At the same time, the use of a long rootstock can significantly increase the growth rate of the scion buds, accelerate the time for the bird's nest fruit branches to be put on the shelves, and enter the flowering and fruiting stage early. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0029] Figure 1 Stock base treatment Figure 2 Special scissors for removing buds from pitaya.

[0030] Figure 3 Removing the rootstock eye Figure 4 Remove the rootstock from the buds.

[0031] Figure 5 V-shaped grafting knife Figure 6 V-shaped grafting point of rootstock.

[0032] Figure 7 Double bud grafting Figure 8 Processed bird's nest fruit grafted seedlings.

[0033] Fig. 9 Seedbed Fig.10 The grafted bird's nest fruit seedlings can be produced from the nursery.

[0034] Fig.11 Bird's nest fruit grafted seedlings cuttings on the day Fig.12 Rooting status on the 6th day after cutting

[0035] Fig.13 Shoot growth after 15 days of cutting Fig.14 Root growth after 45 days of cutting

[0036] Fig.15 Growth status of bird's nest fruit seedlings 45 days after cuttings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] Example 1 Seedling culture medium

[0038] Pretreatment of edible fungus residue: The residue is Pleurotus ostreatus residue (containing 35% cottonseed hulls, 38% sawdust, 4% corn cobs, 15% bran, 2% corn flour, 3% soybean meal, 1% calcium bicarbonate and 2% quicklime). The residue bag is crushed by a crusher, the crushing speed is set to 800-1000kg / h, and the crushing particle size is 1-3cm, so as to obtain the pretreated residue.

[0039] Seaweed residue pretreatment: Seaweed residue is factory waste after agar or carrageenan is extracted from red algae seaweeds such as Eucheuma, Gelidium and Staghornia. Seaweed contains a large amount of nutrients, and a large amount of additives such as perlite need to be added in the process of extracting agar or carrageenan. The main components of the extracted seaweed residue are seaweed fiber, protein, perlite powder, etc. The seaweed residue in the present invention comes from Lvxin (Fujian) Food Co., Ltd., and the seaweed residue is tested to have a water content of 75-80%, pH 6.0-7.7, conductivity 839.0μs / cm, organic matter 70.10g / kg, available phosphorus 139.4mg / kg, available potassium 1430mg / g, available nitrogen 68.1mg / kg, exchangeable calcium 35.6cmol / kg, and exchangeable magnesium 3.5cmol / kg. The seaweed residue is spread in an open area with a thickness of 1.0-1.2m, and exposed to the sun for drying to reduce its moisture content to 50-60% and the thickness is reduced to 0.6-0.8m, thereby obtaining the seaweed residue pretreatment product.

[0040] Preparation of seedling medium: Mix the pretreated fungus residue and the pretreated seaweed residue in a volume ratio of 2:1 to obtain a residue mixture, evenly spread it on the fermentation bed with a thickness of 1-1.5m, maintain the humidity at 50-60%, cover it with a black film, turn the pile once after 7-15 days, and then ferment it for about 10 days to obtain the pretreated seedling medium. Mix the pretreated seedling medium and yellow heart soil in a volume ratio of 6:1 and put them into a mixer to mix and mix well to obtain a special matrix for bird's nest fruit seedlings.

[0041] Embodiment 2 Grafting seedling raising

[0042] (1) Grafting time: April to October every year is suitable for grafting

[0043] (2) Stock selection and processing: Select a robust 1-2 year old mature dragon fruit branch as the stock, with a length of 60-100 cm. Use a knife to cut off 2-3 cm of mesophyll tissue at the root of the stock to expose the woody white vascular bundle ( Figure 1 ), use special scissors for removing buds of dragon fruit ( Figure 2 ) Cut off all the buds of the rootstock ( Figure 3 , 4). Use a V-shaped grafting knife ( Figure 5 ) Insert the rootstock 1 / 3 upwards from the top 5-7cm away from the branch mesophyll tissue, and cut out a 5-7cm long V-shaped grafting groove ( Figure 6 ).

[0044] (3) Selection and processing of scion: Select 1-2 year old mature bird's nest fruit branches with strong and full buds as scion. Use a V-shaped grafting knife to select the location of two buds, cut into the mesophyll tissue 1 / 2 depth, 5-7 cm width, and take out a 5-7 cm long double bud scion ( Figure 7 ). Double-bud scion is used to improve the grafting survival rate.

[0045] (4) Grafting: Align the double-bud scion with the V-shaped grafting port of the rootstock, press gently until it fits perfectly, and wrap the scion and the rootstock with a grafting film to prevent the invasion of pathogens, etc., to obtain the bird's nest fruit grafted branches ( Figure 8 )

[0046] After the grafting is completed, spray 70% thiophanate methyl 1000 times solution to disinfect the grafted branches. Place the grafted branches on a multi-layer support in a cool, dry and ventilated place indoors. Cuttings can be carried out after the wounds are dry and healed for 1-2 days.

[0047] (5) Seedbed preparation: Use the above-mentioned bird's nest fruit special seedling medium to turn the soil and mix it evenly, and spread it on the seedbed with a thickness of about 5-6 cm. Use galvanized pipes and plastic steel wires to build a grid (specification of 12*12 cm) fixed frame 50-60 cm above the ground on the seedbed to facilitate the cutting and fixing of the grafted branches ( Fig. 9 ).

[0048] (6) Cutting of grafted branches: Immerse 2-3 cm of the base of the grafted branch in 100 times diluted rooting agent for 3 minutes, then take out and dry, and insert 2-3 cm of the base of the grafted branch into the substrate.

[0049] (7) Management after cutting: After cutting, spray copper hydroxide, carbendazim or thiophanate-methyl (alternately) every 7-10 days. Water every 3-5 days to keep the moisture content of the seedbed matrix at about 70%. After 10 days of cutting, water once with 1000 times potassium humate solution to promote rooting of grafted branches. After 15 days of cutting, the rootstock and scion are completely healed, and the scion begins to sprout. At this time, the grafting film is removed. When removing the film, use a sharp knife to cut the film longitudinally. Be careful not to scratch the plant, and then remove the film. After 30-35 days of cutting, the new shoots of the scion grow to 5-10cm ( Fig.10 ) and seedlings can emerge in batches.

[0050] Comparative Example

[0051] Test location: Bird's nest fruit seedling base of Zhangzhou Agricultural Science Institute

[0052] Trial time: April 2023

[0053] Test materials: scion selected 1-2 year old strong mature branches of bird's nest fruit with full buds; rootstock selected 1-2 year old strong mature branches of 'Huanglong' pitaya, the rootstock length is 60-100cm.

[0054] Experimental design: The experimental design is shown in Table 1, with the bird's nest fruit special seedling matrix and the 'V'-shaped grafting method of the present invention as the experimental group, the ordinary matrix formula 1 and the 'embedded' grafting method as the control group 1; the ordinary matrix formula 2 and the 'embedded' grafting method as the control group 2; the ordinary matrix formula 1 and the 'flat grafting' grafting method as the control group 3; the ordinary matrix formula 2 and the 'flat grafting' grafting method as the control group 4; each treatment was repeated 5 times, and each repeat was 20 branches.

[0055] 'Inlay' grafting method: The specific operation of the 'Inlay' grafting method is: take the rootstock at the top near the vascular bundle, cut longitudinally from one edge to the other edge, cut longitudinally twice to cut a gap of about 1.5cm deep. Take a 3-5cm long scion, and use a utility knife to cut the lower part into a wedge shape similar to the gap of the rootstock, and try to make its width and depth the same as the gap of the rootstock. Immediately insert the processed scion into the rootstock and fix it with a grafting film tape.

[0056] 'Flat grafting' method: Take a 3-5cm scion, flatten the base, and also flatten the top of the rootstock. Fit the scion onto the rootstock, gently rub the joint surface to produce mucus, and fix it with masking tape.

[0057] Table 1 Comparative Example Experimental Design

[0058]

[0059]

[0060] The specific steps are as follows:

[0061] (1) Seedbed preparation: The seedling medium was prepared according to the formula of the experimental group (seedling medium pretreatment material (mushroom residue pretreatment material: seaweed residue pretreatment material = 1:1): grass carbon soil: loess soil = 6:3:1), the control group formula 1 (imported peat soil: loess soil: perlite = 6:3:1) and the formula 2 (imported peat soil: loess soil: perlite: biological organic fertilizer = 6:3:1:1), and a grid (specification of 8*8cm) fixed frame 50-60cm above the ground was built above the seedling medium for use in the grafted bird's nest fruit cuttings.

[0062] (2) Preparation of grafted seedlings: The experimental group used the 'V'-shaped grafting method, and the control group used the 'flat grafting' method and the 'inlay grafting' method, respectively. After the grafting was completed, the grafted seedlings were sprayed with 1000 times carbendazim solution to disinfect them. The grafted seedlings were then placed on a multi-layer rack in a cool, dry and ventilated place indoors. They were kept for use after the wounds healed for 2-3 days.

[0063] (3) Cutting of grafted seedlings: Immerse 2-3 cm of the base of the grafted seedlings in 100 times diluted rooting agent for 3 minutes, then take out and dry, and insert 2-3 cm of the base of the grafted seedlings slightly tilted into the substrate prepared in (1).

[0064] (4) Management after cutting: After cutting, spray copper hydroxide, carbendazim or thiophanate-methyl (alternately) every 7-10 days. Water once every 3-5 days to keep the moisture content of the seedbed matrix at about 70%. After 10 days of cutting, water once with a 1000-fold potassium humate solution to promote rooting of the grafted seedlings. After 15 days of cutting, the rootstock and scion are completely healed, and the scion begins to sprout. At this time, the grafting film is removed. When removing the film, use a sharp knife to cut the film longitudinally, being careful not to scratch the plant, and then remove the film.

[0065] (5) Data statistics and analysis

[0066] 7-10 days after cutting, observe the rooting of the bird's nest fruit grafted seedlings;

[0067] 15-30 days after cutting, observe the growth of new buds of bird's nest fruit;

[0068] 45 days after cutting, the root matrix was washed off, the number of roots was counted, and the longest root length and the longest bud length of each branch were measured with a ruler; the longest bud width was measured with a vernier caliper;

[0069] Rooting rate = (number of rooted branches / total number of cutting branches) * 100%

[0070] Bud rate = (number of new shoots / total number of cuttings) * 100%

[0071] result

[0072] Based on various test data, the use of the professional seedling cultivation substrate and grafting method of the present invention can make the root system of the bird's nest fruit grafted seedlings grow faster, the new buds grow faster, and the subsequent new buds grow more vigorously. The overall seedling growth effect is better than the conventional seedling cultivation method, which is specifically manifested as follows:

[0073] (1) Root growth: The rooting rate of the grafted bird's nest fruit seedlings in the experimental group was the highest, which was 15%, 10%, 12% and 8% higher than that of the control groups 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. The basal phloem of the experimental group began to swell on the 6th day, forming white tumor-like callus tissue, and then differentiated into a main root system. The average number of roots per plant in the experimental group was more than that in the control group. The experimental group had the highest average number of roots, with 20 roots per plant, followed by the control group 2 with an average number of roots per plant of 15 roots per plant, and the control group 3 had the lowest average number of roots, only 11 roots per plant. The root length of the experimental group was longer than that of the control group, with the longest root in the experimental group being 19.83 cm, which was 7.43 cm, 5.50 cm, 8.23 ​​cm and 6.03 cm longer than that of the control groups 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. In summary, the overall effect of root growth in the experimental group was better than that in the control group.

[0074] (2) New bud growth: Under the same experimental environment, the experimental group sprouted the earliest, starting on the 15th day after planting, followed by the control group 2 which sprouted on the 20th day after planting, and the control group 3 sprouted the latest. The sprouting rate of all treated bird's nest fruit seedlings was 60%, among which the experimental group had the highest sprouting rate of 96.00%, which was 18.00%, 16.00%, 33% and 28% higher than the other control groups 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. The growth rate of new buds of grafted bird's nest fruit seedlings in the experimental group was faster than that in the control group. The longest growth length of new buds in the experimental group was 15.80cm, the length of new buds in the control group 2 was 10.20cm, and the shortest length of new buds in the control group 3 was only 5.7cm. The width of new buds of grafted seedlings was 3.20cm in the experimental group, followed by control group 2. In summary, the overall effect of new bud growth in the experimental group was better than that in the control group.

[0075] Table 2 Comparative Example Test Results

[0076]

[0077] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and therefore cannot be used to limit the scope of the present invention. That is, equivalent changes and modifications made according to the patent scope of the present invention and the contents of the specification should still fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A bird's nest fruit seedling medium, comprising, by volume: Seedling culture medium pretreatment material: loess soil = (4-8) 6:1, wherein the seedling culture medium pretreatment material is a volume ratio, fungus residue pretreatment material: seaweed residue pretreatment material = (1-3):

1.

2. A bird's nest fruit seedling matrix according to claim 1, characterized in that: The particle size of the mushroom residue is 1-3 cm.

3. A bird's nest fruit seedling substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mushroom residue is Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom residue.

4. The bird's nest fruit seedling matrix according to claim 1, characterized in that: The seaweed residue has a water content of 50-60%.

5. The bird's nest fruit seedling cultivation matrix according to claim 1, characterized in that: Mushroom residue pretreatment: The seaweed residue pretreatment is mixed to obtain a residue mixture, which is evenly spread on the fermentation bed with a thickness of 1-1.5m, and the humidity is maintained at 50-60%. It is covered with a black film, turned over once after 7-15 days, and then fermented for 8 to 12 days to obtain a seedling matrix pretreatment; the seedling matrix pretreatment and yellow heart soil are mixed according to the volume ratio to obtain the bird's nest fruit seedling matrix.

6. The method for raising bird's nest fruit seedlings comprises the following steps: Step 1: Grafting Stock selection and processing: Choose a robust 1-2 year old mature dragon fruit branch as the stock, with a length of 60-100cm; use a knife to cut off 2-3cm of mesophyll tissue at the root of the stock to expose the woody white vascular bundle, and use pitaya special bud removal scissors to cut off all the buds of the stock; use a V-shaped grafting knife to insert 1 / 3 of the branch mesophyll tissue upwards 5-7cm from the top of the stock, and cut out a 5-7cm long V grafting groove; Selection and processing of scion: Select 1-2 year old mature bird's nest fruit branches with strong and full buds as scion, use V-shaped grafting knife, select the position of two buds, cut into the mesophyll tissue 1 / 2 depth, width 5-7cm, take out 5-7cm long double bud scion; double bud scion is used for scion; Grafting: Align the double-bud scion with the V-shaped grafting port of the stock, press gently until it fits perfectly, and use grafting film to bind the scion and stock to obtain the bird's nest fruit grafted branches; Step 2: After the grafting is completed, the grafted branches are disinfected; the grafted branches are placed on a multi-layer rack in a cool, dry and ventilated place indoors, and the cuttings are performed after the wounds are dried and healed for 1-2 days; (1) Seedbed preparation: using the bird's nest fruit seedling medium described in any one of claims 1 to 5, turning the soil and mixing it evenly, and spreading it on the seedbed with a thickness of 5-6 cm; building a grid fixing frame 50-60 cm above the ground on the seedbed for fixing the grafted branches; (2) Grafting: Dip the base of the grafted branch 2-3 cm into the rooting agent for 3 minutes, then take it out and dry it, and insert the base of the grafted branch 2-3 cm into the substrate; (3) Management after cutting: After cutting, spray copper hydroxide, carbendazim or thiophanate-methyl once every 7-10 days, and use them alternately; water once every 3-5 days to maintain the moisture content of the seedbed substrate at 65-75%; 8-12 days after cutting, water once with a solution to promote rooting of the grafted branches; after the rootstock and scion are completely healed and the scion begins to sprout, the grafting film should be removed; 30-35 days after cutting, when the new buds of the scion grow to 5-10 cm, the seedlings can be germinated in batches.

7. The method for raising bird's nest fruit seedlings according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step 2, spray 1000 times diluted 70% thiophanate methyl to disinfect the grafted branches.

8. The method for raising bird's nest fruit seedlings according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step 2, the rooting agent is 80-120 times liquid of Genpan.

9. The method for raising bird's nest fruit seedlings according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step three (3), the rootstock and scion need to heal completely for 14 to 16 days.

10. The method for raising bird's nest fruit seedlings according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step three (3), the solution for promoting rooting of grafted branches is 800 to 1200 times potassium humate solution.

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