Substrate integrated waveguide phase reconfigurable antenna
By designing an electronically controlled phase switching component in the substrate integrated waveguide antenna, the excitation state of the coupling gap is controlled by microwave switches, and 180-degree radiation phase switching is achieved, which solves the problem that the substrate integrated waveguide is difficult to load the DC bias voltage, and realizes the phase reconstructible function and beam scanning function.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411892001.1
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-20
- Publication Date
- 2025-03-14
AI Technical Summary
Existing phase reconfigurable antennas are difficult to apply to substrate integrated waveguides, mainly because the substrate integrated waveguides are difficult to load DC bias voltage, resulting in difficulties in integrating with active devices.
A substrate integrated waveguide phase reconfigurable antenna is designed to achieve 180-degree radiation phase switching through an electronically controlled phase switching component. The assembly includes a rectangular metal patch, a choke inductor, a microwave switch and a DC bias line, and uses a microwave switch to control the excitation state of the coupling gap to achieve phase switching.
The phase reconfigurable function of the substrate integrated waveguide antenna is realized, and 180-degree radiation phase switching can be achieved through electronic control, and the beam scanning function is provided, and a stable 180-degree phase difference is maintained in a wide bandwidth range. It has the advantages of low cost and simple and compact structure.
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Figure CN119627437A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention relates to a wireless communication device, in particular to a phase reconfigurable antenna. Background Art
[0002] As modern wireless communication systems continue to increase their demands for communication speed, communication distance, and communication coverage, traditional single-function antennas are gradually unable to meet the above requirements. Reconfigurable antennas can switch their antenna properties such as operating frequency, radiation phase, polarization state, and radiation pattern in real time according to actual needs, which can effectively improve the applicability of antennas in different working scenarios. Among them, phase reconfigurable antennas can switch their radiation phases, and can be applied to antenna arrays to achieve beam scanning functions.
[0003] Currently available phase-reconfigurable antennas usually achieve different radiation phases by switching the antenna's feeding path. Such antennas are generally constructed based on planar transmission lines such as microstrip lines and strip lines. Microstrip lines have relatively large losses due to certain radiation leakage, while strip lines require more dielectric board layers, which will increase manufacturing costs. In addition, the different feeding paths used by the antenna increase the size of the antenna, which is not conducive to the miniaturization and integration of the antenna system. Substrate-integrated waveguides have a closed waveguide structure with low radiation leakage and low transmission loss, which helps to improve the performance of the antenna. However, since substrate-integrated waveguides are single-conductor transmission lines, it is not easy to load DC bias voltage, which leads to great difficulties in integrating them with active devices. Summary of the invention
[0004] Purpose of the invention: In view of the above-mentioned prior art, a substrate integrated waveguide phase reconfigurable antenna is proposed. The antenna can achieve 180-degree radiation phase switching by electrical control, thereby solving the problem that the existing phase reconfigurable antenna is difficult to apply to substrate integrated waveguides.
[0005] Technical solution: A substrate integrated waveguide phase reconfigurable antenna, comprising: an antenna feeding component, an electrically controlled phase switching component and a radiation patch; the antenna feeding component is located on the first dielectric plate at the bottom layer of the antenna, the electrically controlled phase switching component is located on the second dielectric plate at the middle layer of the antenna, and the radiation patch is located on the third dielectric plate at the top layer of the antenna; the electrically controlled phase switching component is used to control the working state of the coupling slot in the antenna feeding component to achieve radiation phase switching; the radiation patch is located above the coupling slot and is used to radiate the electromagnetic waves in the antenna feeding component to free space.
[0006] Furthermore, the antenna feeding assembly includes a substrate integrated waveguide transmission line, two coupling slots and two matching through holes; the two coupling slots are arranged in parallel on the upper surface of the substrate integrated waveguide transmission line, and the coupling phase between the two coupling slots differs by 180 degrees; the two matching through holes are located in the substrate integrated waveguide transmission line.
[0007] Furthermore, the electrically controlled phase switching component includes a rectangular metal patch, a choke inductor, a microwave switch and a DC bias line; wherein, two parallel rectangular metal patches are distributed above each coupling gap, the two rectangular metal patches are connected via a microwave switch, and the outer sides of the two rectangular metal patches are respectively connected to a first DC bias line and a second DC bias line via a choke inductor; the first DC bias line and the second DC bias line are respectively connected to the positive and negative poles of a DC power supply; the on and off states of the two microwave switches are controlled by the DC bias line, and when the antenna is working, one of the microwave switches is always kept in an on state and the other is kept in an off state.
[0008] Furthermore, the radiation patch is located above the two coupling slots and is excited by the coupling slots; when the microwave switch is turned off, the corresponding coupling slot is in a coupled state, and the electromagnetic energy in the substrate integrated waveguide transmission line can be coupled to the radiation patch; when the microwave switch is turned on, the corresponding coupling slot is in a cut-off state, and the electromagnetic energy in the substrate integrated waveguide transmission line cannot be coupled to the radiation patch.
[0009] Furthermore, the geometric shape of the radiation patch includes rectangle, circle, diamond or polygon.
[0010] Furthermore, the layout of the radiation patch includes a single-layer patch, a stacked multi-layer patch, or a plurality of patches arranged horizontally.
[0011] Furthermore, the operating frequency band is adjusted by enlarging or reducing the size of the substrate integrated waveguide phase reconfigurable antenna so that it can operate in the microwave, millimeter wave or terahertz frequency band.
[0012] Beneficial effects: 1. The antenna of the present invention solves the problem that it is difficult to apply a DC bias voltage to the substrate integrated waveguide by setting an electrically controlled phase switching component, so that it has a phase reconfigurable function and can achieve 180-degree radiation phase switching by electrical control. After the antenna forms an array, it has a beam scanning function.
[0013] 2. The antenna of the present invention utilizes the TE 10 The inherent anti-phase current distribution of the substrate integrated waveguide of the mode realizes 180-degree phase switching, does not require additional phase-shifting transmission lines, and has low feeding loss.
[0014] 3. The 180-degree phase reconstruction characteristic of the antenna of the present invention is non-dispersive and can maintain a stable 180-degree phase difference within a broadband range.
[0015] 4. The antenna structure of the present invention, which combines a coupling slot with a radiation patch, can make the antenna have similar radiation patterns in two reconstructed states.
[0016] 5. The electrically controlled phase switching component used in the antenna of the present invention only needs two microwave switches to realize the phase reconfiguration function, and has the advantages of low cost and simple and compact structure.
[0017] 6. The antenna of the present invention has a low-profile appearance and is easy to integrate with other communication equipment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0018] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a three-dimensional unfolding structure of a substrate integrated waveguide phase reconfigurable antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 A top view of a first dielectric plate of a substrate integrated waveguide phase reconfigurable antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 A top view of the second dielectric plate of the substrate integrated waveguide phase reconfigurable antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 The simulated reflection coefficient of the substrate integrated waveguide phase reconfigurable antenna under different switching states provided by the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 The simulated radiation pattern of the substrate integrated waveguide phase reconfigurable antenna in different switching states provided by the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 A simulated normalized far-field phase distribution diagram of a substrate integrated waveguide phase reconfigurable antenna in different switching states provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Reference numerals in the figure: 110 - first dielectric plate; 120 - second dielectric plate; 130 - third dielectric plate; 200 - antenna feeding assembly; 210 - substrate integrated waveguide transmission line; 211 - substrate integrated waveguide through hole; 220 - coupling slot; 230 - matching through hole; 300 - electrically controlled phase switching assembly; 311 - first DC bias line; 312 - second DC bias line; 320 - rectangular metal patch; 330 - choke inductor; 341 - first microwave switch; 342 - second microwave switch; 400 - radiation patch. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0019] The present invention will be further explained below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
[0020] like Figure 1 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a wide coverage electrically controlled two-dimensional multi-beam antenna, comprising: an antenna feeding component 200, an electrically controlled phase switching component 300 and a radiation patch 400. The antenna feeding component 200 is located on the first dielectric plate 110; the electrically controlled phase switching component 300 is located on the second dielectric plate 120; and the radiation patch 400 is located on the third dielectric plate 130. The first dielectric plate 110, the second dielectric plate 120 and the third dielectric plate 130 are stacked and placed closely.
[0021] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the antenna feed assembly 200 includes a substrate integrated waveguide transmission line 210, a coupling slot 220 and a matching through hole 230. The substrate integrated waveguide transmission line 210 is composed of a dielectric plate 110 with metal attached to both the upper and lower surfaces and two rows of metallized through holes 211 arranged at equal intervals. The substrate integrated waveguide transmission line 210 works in TE 10 Two parallel coupling slots 220 are located on the upper surface of the substrate integrated waveguide transmission line 210, and the coupling phase between the two coupling slots 220 is 180 degrees different. Two matching through holes 230 are located in the substrate integrated waveguide transmission line 210 to improve the impedance matching performance of the antenna.
[0022] like Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, the electrically controlled phase switching component 300 includes a DC bias line 311 / 312 , a rectangular metal patch 320 , a choke inductor 330 and a microwave switch 341 / 342 .
[0023] The rectangular metal patch 320 is located above the coupling slot 220. Each coupling slot 220 corresponds to two parallel rectangular metal patches 320. The two rectangular metal patches 320 are connected through a microwave switch. The outer sides of the two rectangular metal patches 320 are respectively connected to the first DC bias line 311 and the second DC bias line 312 through the choke inductor 330. The first DC bias line 311 and the second DC bias line 312 are respectively connected to the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the DC power supply to provide a DC bias voltage for the microwave switch.
[0024] The first microwave switch 341 controls the excitation state of the coupling slot located above, and the second microwave switch 342 controls the excitation state of the coupling slot located below. The on and off states of the two microwave switches are controlled by a DC bias line. When the antenna is working, one of the microwave switches is always kept in the on state and the other is kept in the off state.
[0025] When the microwave switch is turned off, the corresponding coupling slot is in a coupling state, and the electromagnetic energy in the substrate integrated waveguide transmission line 210 can be coupled to the radiation patch 400. When the microwave switch is turned on, the corresponding coupling slot is in a cut-off state, and the electromagnetic energy in the substrate integrated waveguide transmission line 210 will not be coupled to the radiation patch 400. 10 The coupling phase between the two coupling slots on both sides of the center line of the substrate integrated waveguide of the mode differs by 180 degrees. By selecting the coupling slots through a microwave switch, 180-degree radiation phase switching can be achieved.
[0026] In some embodiments, the microwave switch is a PIN diode or a CMOS switch.
[0027] like Figure 1 As shown, the radiation patch 400 is located above the coupling slot 220. In some embodiments, the radiation patch can use a single-layer rectangular patch. The radiation patch shape used in this embodiment is only a part of the embodiments, and the radiation patch can be replaced by including but not limited to a circular patch, a diamond patch, and a plurality of patches stacked or horizontally placed.
[0028] like Figure 4 The simulated reflection coefficient curves of the antenna shown are when the first microwave switch 341 and the second microwave switch 342 are in different switch states, and the -10 dB reflection coefficient bandwidth of the antenna is 10.2 GHz to 13 GHz.
[0029] Figure 5 It is a simulated radiation pattern of the antenna when the first microwave switch 341 and the second microwave switch 342 are in different switch states. The radiation patterns of the antenna in the two states are basically the same, and the coverage airspace range is consistent.
[0030] Figure 6 It is a simulated normalized far-field phase distribution diagram of the antenna when the first microwave switch 341 and the second microwave switch 342 are in different switching states. The far-field phases corresponding to the two switching states of the antenna differ by 180±25 degrees within the range of ±30 degrees, which effectively realizes the radiation phase reconstruction function.
[0031] In the description of the present invention, the term "microwave" is only for the convenience of explanation and does not limit the working frequency band of the antenna in the present invention. By appropriately enlarging or reducing the size of the wide-coverage electrically-controlled two-dimensional multi-beam antenna, the antenna can operate in microwave, millimeter wave and terahertz frequency bands.
[0032] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims
1. A substrate integrated waveguide phase reconfigurable antenna, characterized in that: include: Antenna feeding component (200), electrically controlled phase switching component (300) and radiation patch (400); The antenna feeding component (200) is located on a first dielectric plate (110) at the bottom layer of the antenna, the electrically controlled phase switching component (300) is located on a second dielectric plate (120) at a middle layer of the antenna, and the radiation patch (400) is located on a third dielectric plate (130) at the top layer of the antenna; the electrically controlled phase switching component (300) is used to control the working state of a coupling slot in the antenna feeding component (200) to achieve radiation phase switching; the radiation patch (400) is located above the coupling slot and is used to radiate electromagnetic waves in the antenna feeding component (200) to free space.
2. The substrate integrated waveguide phase reconfigurable antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The antenna feeding assembly (200) comprises a substrate integrated waveguide transmission line (210), two coupling slots (220) and two matching through holes (230); the two coupling slots (220) are arranged in parallel on the upper surface of the substrate integrated waveguide transmission line (210), and the coupling phase between the two coupling slots (220) differs by 180 degrees; and the two matching through holes (230) are located in the substrate integrated waveguide transmission line (210).
3. The substrate integrated waveguide phase reconfigurable antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: The electrically controlled phase switching component (300) comprises a rectangular metal patch (320), a choke inductor (330), a microwave switch and a DC bias line; wherein two parallel rectangular metal patches (320) are distributed above each coupling slot (220); the two rectangular metal patches (320) are connected via a microwave switch; the outer sides of the two rectangular metal patches (320) are respectively connected to a first DC bias line (311) and a second DC bias line (312) via the choke inductor (330); the first DC bias line (311) and the second DC bias line (312) are respectively connected to the positive electrode and the negative electrode of a DC power supply; the on and off states of the two microwave switches are controlled by the DC bias line; when the antenna is working, one of the microwave switches is always kept in an on state and the other is always kept in an off state.
4. The substrate integrated waveguide phase reconfigurable antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that: The radiation patch (400) is located above the two coupling slots (220) and is excited by the coupling slots (220); When the microwave switch is turned off, the corresponding coupling slot (220) is in a coupled state, and the electromagnetic energy in the substrate integrated waveguide transmission line (210) can be coupled to the radiation patch (400); when the microwave switch is turned on, the corresponding coupling slot (220) is in a cut-off state, and the electromagnetic energy in the substrate integrated waveguide transmission line (210) cannot be coupled to the radiation patch (400).
5. A substrate integrated waveguide phase reconfigurable antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The geometric shape adopted by the radiation patch (400) includes a rectangle, a circle, a diamond or a polygon.
6. A substrate integrated waveguide phase reconfigurable antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The layout of the radiation patch (400) includes a single-layer patch, a stacked multi-layer patch, or a plurality of patches arranged horizontally.
7. A substrate integrated waveguide phase reconfigurable antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The operating frequency band is adjusted by enlarging or reducing the size of the substrate integrated waveguide phase reconfigurable antenna so that it can operate in the microwave, millimeter wave or terahertz frequency band.