Intelligent electric energy meter carbon point safety management and transaction system based on block chain

Abstract

The invention discloses an intelligent electric energy meter carbon point safety management and transaction system based on a block chain. The system comprises an intelligent electric energy meter data acquisition module, a carbon point calculation and management module, a block chain data storage and transaction module and a client carbon transaction platform module. The intelligent electric energy meter data acquisition module is used for data acquisition and monitoring, Internet of Things communication and data processing and transmission; the carbon point calculation and management module is used for carbon emission calculation, carbon point storage and management and integration with the block chain module; the block chain data storage and transaction module is used for carbon point data recording, intelligent contract application, data security and transaction transparency; and the client carbon trading platform module is used for user interface and data visualization, carbon point trading function and trading recording and trust guarantee. According to the system, the intelligent electric energy meter is installed on the user side, power consumption is monitored in real time, and comprehensiveness and accuracy of data are ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of carbon credit management of electric energy meters, and in particular to a blockchain-based smart electric energy meter carbon credit security management and trading system. Background Art

[0002] As the global climate change problem becomes increasingly serious, carbon emission reduction has become the focus of attention of governments, enterprises and individuals. Extreme weather, rising sea levels and ecosystem destruction caused by climate change have forced all sectors to step up response measures to slow down the emission of greenhouse gases. In order to effectively respond to this global challenge, many countries and regions have formulated and implemented carbon emission trading systems, aiming to promote greenhouse gas emission reduction through market-based means and promote the development of a low-carbon economy. In the carbon emission trading system, the carbon credit system, as an important carbon management tool under the carbon credit system, has been widely used in many fields by giving economic value to emission reduction behaviors and encouraging users to actively participate in energy conservation and emission reduction actions. The carbon credit system not only provides enterprises and individuals with clear emission reduction targets and incentive mechanisms, but also enhances the measurability and manageability of environmental protection behaviors by quantifying and recording carbon emissions. For example, the construction industry in some cities has significantly reduced the overall carbon emission level by introducing a carbon credit system to encourage the development of green buildings.

[0003] With the continuous advancement of science and technology, blockchain technology has gradually become an important solution for realizing the carbon credit system due to its decentralization, data immutability, transparency and traceability. The distributed ledger technology of blockchain can ensure the safe storage and management of carbon credit data, prevent data from being maliciously tampered with or leaked, and enhance the credibility and transparency of data. For example, some countries are piloting the use of blockchain technology to record carbon trading data, allowing all parties involved to monitor carbon emissions in real time, improving the transparency and efficiency of the carbon trading market. Combining the carbon credit system with blockchain technology not only enhances users' trust in the carbon credit system, but also provides solid technical support for the widespread application of green energy, further promoting the pace of global transformation to a low-carbon economy.

[0004] With the rapid development of smart grid and Internet of Things technologies, smart energy meters, as an important part of them, can realize real-time monitoring and management of electricity consumption, and help efficient utilization and optimal allocation of energy. Smart energy meters collect and analyze electricity usage data to help users understand their own energy consumption and take effective energy-saving measures. However, there is currently a lack of mature carbon credit management systems in the field of smart energy meters, which limits their potential in carbon emission reduction.

[0005] In response to this problem, some researchers have designed an "electricity carbon meter" based on the traditional smart energy meter, which takes into account the market-based electricity trading. This kind of electricity carbon meter can not only monitor the electricity consumption of electricity users in real time, but also conveniently calculate the corresponding carbon emissions, helping users to quantify their carbon footprint, thereby motivating them to adopt more environmentally friendly electricity consumption behaviors. However, although the "electricity carbon meter" has made certain technical progress, a complete carbon trading system has not yet been established to fully support the application of such equipment. The lack of a unified and standardized carbon trading platform makes the "electricity carbon meter" face many challenges in the actual promotion process, such as data standardization, transaction transparency and user privacy protection. Therefore, future research needs to conduct in-depth exploration in the construction of the carbon trading system, the in-depth application of blockchain technology, and the seamless integration of smart energy meters and carbon credit systems, so as to achieve the organic integration of smart grids and carbon management and promote the green transformation and sustainable development of energy. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a blockchain-based smart energy meter carbon credit security management and trading system, which integrates the Internet of Things, carbon credit management, blockchain technology and user interaction platform to build a comprehensive smart carbon management and trading system. The system uses the Internet of Things technology to monitor the user's electricity consumption in real time, generates and manages carbon credits in combination with carbon emission factors, ensures data security and transparency through blockchain technology, and encourages users to participate in carbon reduction actions through user-friendly interfaces and trading platforms. Ultimately, it aims to promote carbon emission reduction, improve data transparency, promote green energy applications, realize the integration of smart grids and carbon management, and promote the green transformation and sustainable development of energy.

[0007] To achieve the purpose of the present invention, the technical solution provided by the present invention is as follows:

[0008] A blockchain-based smart energy meter carbon credit security management and trading system, the system includes a smart energy meter data acquisition module, a carbon credit calculation and management module, a blockchain data storage and trading module, and a user-side carbon trading platform module;

[0009] The smart energy meter data acquisition module is used for data acquisition and monitoring, Internet of Things communication, and data processing and transmission;

[0010] The carbon credit calculation and management module is used for carbon emissions calculation, carbon credit storage and management, and integration with the blockchain module;

[0011] The blockchain data storage and transaction module is used for carbon credit data recording, smart contract application, data security and transaction transparency;

[0012] The user-side carbon trading platform module is used for user interface and data visualization, carbon credit trading functions, and transaction records and trust assurance.

[0013] The smart energy meter data acquisition module is specifically used to perform the following steps:

[0014] Step A1: Data collection and monitoring: Installing smart energy meters in the user's power system is the first step to achieve efficient power management. These energy meters are equipped with high-precision sensors that can accurately capture key power parameters such as current, voltage and power factor. These sensors ensure the comprehensiveness and accuracy of the data, helping to identify peak power consumption periods and unnecessary energy waste. Through real-time monitoring, users can clearly understand their power consumption patterns, so that they can adjust their power consumption strategies in time and reduce unnecessary power consumption. In addition, smart energy meters have analytical functions, which can predict future power demand by learning users' power consumption habits, assist users in optimizing power consumption plans, and achieve energy conservation and emission reduction.

[0015] Step A2: IoT communication technology: To ensure stable data transmission, smart energy meters use advanced IoT communication technologies such as LoRaWAN (Low Power Wide Area Network) and NB-IoT (Narrowband IoT). These technologies not only support wide coverage and low power consumption, but also support the networking of massive devices, which is suitable for large-scale power data transmission. LoRaWAN is particularly suitable for rural or remote areas and can achieve long-distance data transmission, while NB-IoT is more advantageous in urban environments and provides higher data transmission efficiency and stability. The application of these technologies ensures the reliability and connectivity of data transmission.

[0016] Step A3: Data processing and transmission: The collected power data is first transmitted to the local gateway device, where it is initially filtered and cached. The function of the gateway device is to remove redundant data and noise, thereby improving the efficiency and accuracy of data transmission. The processed data is transmitted to the cloud server through a secure communication protocol. The cloud server has powerful computing power and storage space, and can perform in-depth analysis and storage of data. This not only provides a basis for subsequent user power consumption analysis, but also lays a data support for the formulation of energy-saving strategies.

[0017] The carbon credit calculation and management module is specifically used to perform the following steps:

[0018] Step B1: Carbon emissions calculation: After preprocessing, the electricity consumption data will be combined with the latest carbon emission factors to calculate the carbon emissions of each user in real time. These carbon emission factors are formulated by the government or industry standard organizations based on the carbon emission characteristics of different energy sources to ensure the scientificity and authority of the calculation. Through complex algorithm models, the carbon emission calculation engine can accurately calculate the carbon emissions of users in a specific time period, help users understand their carbon footprint, and provide them with improvement suggestions.

[0019] Step B2: Carbon credit storage and management: The generated carbon credits are stored in a dedicated carbon credit database. The database uses an efficient storage and retrieval mechanism to ensure data integrity and accessibility. The credit management interface provides users with convenient query and management tools. Users can view their carbon credit balance and history at any time and adjust their electricity consumption and carbon reduction strategies according to the credit situation.

[0020] Step B3: Integration with blockchain module: The integration of the points management system and the blockchain module provides reliable data support for subsequent points transactions. The decentralization and immutability of blockchain technology ensure the security and authenticity of points data. Users can safely trade points on the blockchain, and each transaction is automatically recorded by the system, ensuring the transparency and traceability of the data, thereby enhancing users' trust in the entire points management system.

[0021] The blockchain data storage and transaction module is specifically used to perform the following steps:

[0022] Step C1: Carbon credit data recording: Carbon credit data is submitted to the blockchain network through the API interface. The distributed storage characteristics of the blockchain effectively avoid the risk of single point failure and data leakage, and ensure the security of the credit data. Due to the immutability of the blockchain, all carbon credit data recorded on the chain can be queried and verified by any participant, greatly enhancing the transparency and trust of the system.

[0023] Step C2: Application of smart contracts: The smart contract system plays a key role in the issuance, trading and verification of carbon credits. Through pre-set operating rules, smart contracts can automatically execute these rules, thereby reducing human intervention and operational errors. For example, when a user completes a certain amount of carbon emission reduction tasks, the smart contract will automatically generate the corresponding carbon credits and issue them to the user's account, ensuring the timeliness and accuracy of the credit issuance, while improving the operating efficiency of the entire system.

[0024] Step C3: Data security and transaction transparency: During the points transaction process, the smart contract automatically verifies the legality and validity of the transaction, ensuring the transparency and fairness of the transaction process. The immutability and encryption algorithm of the blockchain ensure the security of the data and prevent data tampering and fraud. This significantly enhances the security and reliability of the entire system, provides users with a safe and reliable trading environment, and encourages more users to participate in carbon trading.

[0025] The user-side carbon trading platform module is specifically used to perform the following steps:

[0026] Step D1: User interface and data visualization: The user-side application provides a friendly and powerful mobile and web interface, allowing users to easily view their electricity consumption, carbon emissions, and carbon credit balance. The application's embedded data visualization tools, such as charts and reports, help users more intuitively understand their energy usage patterns and carbon footprints. With this information, users can make more informed electricity decisions, thereby further optimizing energy use and reducing carbon emissions.

[0027] Step D2: Carbon credit trading function: The carbon credit trading platform allows users to buy and sell carbon credits. Users can choose to buy or sell carbon credits according to their own needs. This function promotes the circulation and effective use of carbon credits. In order to encourage users to take more energy-saving and emission-reduction actions in their daily lives, the system has designed a variety of incentive and reward mechanisms, such as point rewards, level promotions, and exclusive discounts, to further promote users' active participation.

[0028] Step D3: Transaction records and trust guarantee: Each point transaction record will be securely stored on the blockchain to ensure the transparency and immutability of the transaction. Users can check their transaction history at any time to enhance their trust in the system. This transparent and trusted trading environment not only enhances users' trust in the platform, but also encourages more users to participate in carbon trading and promotes the popularization of green lifestyles. In this way, users can not only benefit from it, but also contribute to environmental protection.

[0029] In general, the system monitors power consumption in real time by installing smart energy meters on the user side to ensure the comprehensiveness and accuracy of data. Using advanced IoT communication technologies such as LoRaWAN and NB-IoT, the system achieves stable data transmission over a large range. The collected data is transmitted to the cloud and processed to calculate the user's carbon emissions in real time. The generated carbon credits are securely stored in an efficient database and integrated with blockchain technology to ensure data security, transparency and immutability. Users can easily view their power usage, carbon emissions and carbon credit balance through a friendly mobile and web interface. The platform supports the buying and selling of carbon credits, and automates the issuance and trading of credits through smart contracts, reducing human intervention and improving system efficiency. Various incentive mechanisms, such as point rewards and level promotions, encourage users to actively participate in energy conservation and emission reduction actions, promote the popularization of green lifestyles, and thus achieve broader environmental protection goals.

[0030] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of this application are:

[0031] (A) Effective quantification and management of carbon emissions of electricity users: By real-time monitoring of electricity consumption and combining the latest carbon emission factors, the system can accurately calculate the carbon footprint of users and convert it into tradable carbon credits. This approach not only increases users' awareness of their own carbon emissions, but also provides them with a clear motivation to reduce carbon emissions, because each unit of carbon emission reduction can be directly converted into valuable credits. The carbon credit system also promotes active interaction and cooperation among users, forming a green economic ecosystem. Users can freely buy and sell carbon credits on the platform to meet their own environmental protection goals or trading needs. The system's various incentive mechanisms, such as point rewards and level promotions, continuously motivate users to improve their energy use behavior and adopt more energy-saving measures. This not only helps users realize their own economic interests, but also promotes carbon emission reduction efforts throughout the community and even on a larger scale. In this way, every transaction and action of users contributes to the cause of environmental protection and promotes the practice and popularization of the concept of sustainable development.

[0032] (B) Enhanced system reliability and security: By combining the carbon credit system with blockchain technology, the system ensures the immutability and authenticity of the credit data. The decentralized nature of blockchain avoids single points of failure and provides an open and transparent way to record and query credit data. The application of smart contracts automates the issuance and transaction process of credits, reduces human intervention, and ensures the accuracy and timeliness of operations. In addition, the system provides a user-friendly and powerful interface, combined with data visualization tools, allowing users to intuitively understand their energy use and carbon emissions. Through this transparent and secure environment, users are effectively motivated to participate in carbon credit transactions and take positive energy-saving actions.

[0033] In summary, the system described in this paper improves users’ awareness of their carbon footprint by monitoring their electricity consumption in real time and accurately calculating carbon emissions, converting them into tradable carbon credits. With the help of blockchain technology to ensure data security and transparency, the system provides a fair trading platform where users can freely buy and sell credits. Smart contracts automatically manage the allocation and trading of credits, ensuring an efficient and fair process. Various incentive mechanisms further encourage users to take energy-saving measures, which not only achieves personal interests, but also promotes carbon reduction in the overall community and promotes the development of a green economic ecosystem. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the system module structure provided by the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of the carbon credits blockchain management system provided by the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The following is a clear and complete description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] It should be noted that the blockchain-based smart electricity meter carbon credit security management and trading system consists of four main modules: smart electricity meter data collection module, carbon credit calculation and management module, blockchain data storage and trading module, and user-end carbon trading platform module.

[0038] First, the smart energy meter data collection module monitors and collects users' power consumption data in real time through IoT technology (such as LoRaWAN, NB-IoT), ensures the accuracy and real-time nature of the data, and uploads it to the cloud. Secondly, the carbon credit calculation and management module calculates users' carbon emissions in real time and generates corresponding carbon credits based on the collected power consumption data and carbon emission factors, while managing and recording users' carbon credit acquisition and consumption. Thirdly, the blockchain data storage and transaction module uses blockchain technology to store carbon credit data securely, ensures data transparency and immutability, and implements the issuance, transaction and verification of carbon credits through smart contracts to build a trusted distributed ledger. Finally, the user-end and carbon trading platform module provides users with mobile and web applications to display their power consumption, carbon emissions and carbon credits, build a carbon credit trading market, and allow users to buy and sell points and exchange rewards. The entire system aims to promote carbon emission reduction, improve data transparency and credibility, promote green energy applications, and achieve the integration of smart grids and carbon management through the collaborative workflow of smart energy meter data collection, carbon credit generation and blockchain records, and user interaction and transactions, so as to promote green transformation and sustainable development of energy.

[0039] The specific plans include the following:

[0040] A. Smart energy meter data acquisition module. First, the data acquisition module can monitor and collect users' electricity consumption data in real time and continuously through the smart energy meters installed on the user side. These smart energy meters are equipped with high-precision sensors that can accurately measure a variety of power parameters such as current, voltage, power factor, etc. to ensure the comprehensiveness and accuracy of data collection. In order to achieve stable data transmission, smart energy meters use advanced IoT communication technologies such as LoRaWAN (low-power wide area network) and NB-IoT (narrowband Internet of Things). These two technologies have the advantages of wide coverage, low power consumption and high number of connections, and can reliably transmit data in various environments. The collected data is first transmitted to the local gateway device, and after preliminary filtering and caching, it is safely and efficiently transmitted to the cloud server.

[0041] B. Carbon credit calculation and management module. Based on the pre-processed electricity consumption data and combined with the latest carbon emission factors, the carbon emissions of each user are calculated in real time. The carbon emission factor is a standard value formulated according to the carbon emission characteristics of different energy sources, which can reflect the carbon emissions generated by different electricity sources. The carbon emission calculation engine uses these factors and a complex algorithm model to accurately calculate the carbon emissions of users in a specific time period. The generated carbon credits are then stored in the carbon credit database, which uses an efficient storage and retrieval mechanism to ensure the integrity and accessibility of the data. The credit management interface provides users with convenient query and management tools for the blockchain module to easily obtain carbon credit information.

[0042] C. Blockchain data storage and transaction module. This module is responsible for securely recording the generated carbon credit information on the blockchain platform. Through the API interface, the carbon credit data is submitted to the blockchain network, and the decentralized characteristics of blockchain technology are used to ensure the distributed storage of data and avoid the risk of single point failure and data leakage. The immutability of the blockchain ensures the authenticity and credibility of the carbon credit data, and all records can be queried and verified by any participant. The smart contract system plays a key role in this process. They pre-set the issuance, transaction and verification rules of carbon credits, and can automatically perform these operations to reduce human intervention and operational errors. For example, when a user completes a certain amount of carbon emission reduction tasks, the smart contract will automatically generate the corresponding carbon credits and issue them to the user's account; during the credit transaction process, the smart contract will automatically verify the legality and validity of the transaction to ensure the transparency and fairness of the transaction process. This mechanism not only improves the transparency and credibility of the data, but also effectively prevents data tampering and fraud, significantly enhancing the security and reliability of the entire system.

[0043] D. User-side carbon trading platform. This module provides users with a friendly and powerful mobile and web application interface. Through these platforms, users can easily view their electricity consumption, carbon emissions, and carbon credit balances. In addition, the application also provides detailed data visualization tools, such as charts and reports, to help users more intuitively understand their energy usage patterns and carbon footprints. The carbon credit trading platform allows users to buy and sell carbon credits. Users can choose to buy or sell carbon credits according to their own needs, thereby promoting the circulation and effective use of carbon credits. In order to motivate users to actively participate, the system has designed a variety of incentive and reward mechanisms, such as point rewards, level promotions, and exclusive discounts, to encourage users to take more energy-saving and emission-reduction behaviors in their daily lives. Every point transaction record will be securely stored on the blockchain to ensure the transparency and immutability of the transaction. Users can check their transaction history at any time to enhance their trust in the system.

[0044] Through the above steps, the system can not only effectively record the carbon credits of electricity users, but also greatly improve the reliability and security of carbon credits through the blockchain mechanism. This method provides an innovative solution for improving the construction of carbon trading systems in the field of smart electricity meters and the enthusiasm of electricity users for carbon emission reduction. First, the incentive mechanism of carbon credits effectively promotes users to take energy-saving measures, significantly reduce carbon emissions, and help protect the environment. Secondly, the use of blockchain technology to ensure the transparency and immutability of carbon credit data greatly improves the credibility of data and the security of the system, and enhances users' trust in the platform. In addition, the combination of the carbon credit system and the carbon trading platform has promoted the widespread application and development of green energy and promoted the transformation of sustainable energy. At the same time, the deep integration of smart grids and carbon management has achieved the coordinated development of energy management and carbon emission management, and improved overall operational efficiency. Finally, real-time data collection and intelligent management enable the system to have a high degree of real-time and accuracy, support accurate carbon emission monitoring and management, and ensure efficient operation and continuous optimization of the system. Overall, this approach not only contributes to environmental protection and energy sustainable development, but also improves the transparency, trust and operational efficiency of the system through technological innovation, providing an innovative solution for the design of carbon management and trading systems in the field of smart electricity meters.

[0045] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown in the figure, the intelligent power management system includes four main modules: First, the smart energy meter data acquisition module monitors and collects power consumption data in real time through the smart energy meter installed on the user side, and uses IoT communication technologies such as LoRaWAN and NB-IoT to ensure the stability and accuracy of data transmission. Secondly, the carbon credit calculation and management module calculates the user's carbon emissions in real time based on the collected power data and carbon emission factors, and the generated carbon credits are stored in an efficient database, providing convenient query and management functions. Third, the blockchain data storage and transaction module uses the decentralized and tamper-proof characteristics of the blockchain to safely record and distribute the carbon credit information. The smart contract automatically handles the issuance and transaction of credits to ensure data transparency and system security. Finally, the user-side carbon trading platform provides a friendly mobile and Web interface. Users can view power consumption, carbon emissions and carbon credits, and trade carbon credits on the platform. The system encourages users to participate in energy conservation and emission reduction through a variety of incentive mechanisms. All transaction records are securely stored on the blockchain to ensure transparency and credibility.

[0046] The smart energy meter data collection is specifically used to perform the following steps:

[0047] Step 11: Data collection and detection. Choose a smart energy meter that complies with IEC 62052-11 and IEC 62053 standards to ensure accurate and consistent measurements. Equipped with high-precision sensors that can measure current, voltage, and power factor. Current sensors usually use Hall effect sensors, and voltage sensors use voltage dividers or isolation transformers to ensure accurate measurements. Use an embedded system (such as Arduino or Raspberry Pi) to connect to the energy meter to monitor and record data in real time. Use a database (such as InfluxDB) to store time series data for subsequent analysis.

[0048] Step 12: IoT communication technology. In urban environments, use NB-IoT modules (such as Quectel BC95 or SIM7000) for data transmission, taking advantage of the narrowband characteristics of cellular networks to ensure efficient and low-power data transmission. In rural or remote areas, use LoRa WAN technology (such as Semtech SX1278 chip) to achieve long-distance and low-power transmission. Use network simulation tools (such as JMeter) to test the throughput and latency of the communication protocol. Adjust antennas and communication parameters (such as channels and rates) for different scenarios to optimize data transmission performance.

[0049] Step 13: Data processing and transmission. Run a data preprocessing program (such as Node-RED) on the gateway device to perform data denoising and filtering. Use an adaptive filtering algorithm (such as Kalman filtering) to remove data noise and improve data accuracy. Use the MQTT protocol to securely transmit data to a cloud server (such as AWS IoT or Azure IoT Hub). In the cloud, store raw data through a data lake (such as AWS S3) and use computing services (such as AWS Lambda) for data processing and analysis.

[0050] The carbon emission calculation and points management module is specifically used to perform the following steps:

[0051] Step 21: Calculate carbon emissions. Combined with the carbon emission factor of regional power supply (provided by IPCC or local environmental protection departments), calculate carbon emissions. The carbon emission calculation base model is:

[0052] CarbonEmission(kgCO2)=EnergyConsumption(kWh)×EmissionFactor(kgCO2 / kWh)

[0053] Among them, EnergyConsumption represents power consumption, and EmissionFactor represents carbon emission factor.

[0054] Based on this pedestal model, the carbon emission factor can be further adjusted to a certain extent based on the power consumption in different time periods and different regions. The data is processed in the cloud using the Python environment and the Pandas library to calculate the hourly carbon emissions in real time. Visual data is provided to users and displayed through a web application (such as one based on Flask or Django).

[0055] Step 22: Storage and management of carbon credits. Carbon credits are generated in proportion, for example, 1kg CO2 reduction can be exchanged for 10 carbon credits, and the Redis database is used for credit management. Furthermore, adjustment factors can be added to the carbon credit generation ratio, which can be adjusted according to the user's past performance or regional policy rewards. Use Redis's persistence function (such as AOF) to ensure the initial persistence and reliability of data. Use RESTful API (using Flask or FastAPI) to provide users with the function of querying and managing credits. Realize real-time update of credits in the user interface and provide historical credit record query.

[0056] Step 23: Integrate with blockchain module. Use Ethereum or Hyperledger Fabric to build a blockchain network and write carbon credit data into smart contracts. Smart contracts are written in Solidity and deployed to Ethereum test networks (such as Ropsten or Rinkeby). Use the distributed ledger of blockchain to ensure that all credit transactions are open and transparent. Use IPFS (Interplanetary File System) to distribute and store credit data to prevent data loss.

[0057] The carbon credit management and blockchain application module is specifically used to perform the following steps:

[0058] Step 31: Carbon credit data recording. Use Web3.js to interact with the blockchain through the API interface and submit the credit data to the chain. Regularly verify the synchronization status of the blockchain node to ensure data consistency. Use blockchain browsers (such as Etherscan) for users and system administrators to query and verify credit data.

[0059] Step 32: Application of smart contracts. Smart contracts are used to automatically manage the issuance, trading, and verification of points. Under preset conditions (such as completing certain energy-saving behaviors), smart contracts trigger the automatic issuance of points. Write a Solidity contract and set rules to ensure accurate execution under target conditions. Use the OpenZeppelin library to ensure the security and compliance of smart contracts.

[0060] Step 33: Data security and transaction transparency. Smart contracts automatically verify the legitimacy and validity of transaction requests on the blockchain. A consensus mechanism (such as PoS) is used to ensure the security and efficiency of the blockchain network. RSA or ECDSA encryption algorithms are used to encrypt data transmission to ensure the security of transaction data.

[0061] The user interface and interaction module are specifically used to perform the following steps:

[0062] Step 41: User interface and data visualization. Develop a web application based on React or Vue.js, provide responsive design, and support mobile and desktop access. Use D3.js or Chart.js to visualize data and display user electricity usage and carbon emissions information. Provide interactive charts such as bar charts, line charts, and pie charts to help users analyze energy usage patterns.

[0063] Step 42: Carbon credit trading function. Build a blockchain-based credit trading platform that allows users to buy and sell credits. Use smart contracts to ensure the automation and compliance of transactions. Implement a credit reward and level promotion system to encourage users to participate in energy-saving activities. Provide credit redemption coupons or discounts to realize the actual value of credits.

[0064] Step 43: Transaction records and trust assurance. All points transaction records are stored on the blockchain to ensure openness and transparency. Users can query transaction history and current points balance through the application. Provide an integrated user feedback system to enhance user trust in the platform. Conduct regular security audits to ensure the security and stability of the blockchain and applications.

[0065] Through the above detailed steps and technical implementations, a comprehensive intelligent electricity management and carbon credit management system can be built, which can effectively help users optimize energy use, improve energy efficiency, and promote carbon trading and sustainable development.

[0066] In general, the present invention can monitor key parameters such as current, voltage and power factor in real time by installing smart energy meters in the user's power system and combining high-precision sensor technology. These data are stably transmitted through Internet of Things communication technologies (such as NB-IoT and LoRaWAN), ensuring reliable data collection and transmission even in remote areas. Preliminary data processing (such as Kalman filtering) performed on the local gateway device effectively removes noise and ensures high data accuracy. Transmitting data to the cloud through a secure protocol (such as MQTT) not only realizes large-scale data storage and in-depth analysis, but also provides a scientific basis for users' electricity optimization and energy-saving strategies. The latest carbon emission factors are used to calculate the carbon emissions of each user, which can accurately reflect their carbon footprint and generate feasible energy-saving suggestions. The use of generated carbon points not only promotes green behavior, but also ensures the security and transparency of point management through blockchain technology (especially Ethereum network and smart contracts). The decentralization and immutability of blockchain ensure the reliability of point transactions, and the records of each transaction can be traced back, which enhances user trust. The user interface is designed to be user-friendly, and uses visualization tools (such as Chart.js) to intuitively display electricity consumption patterns and carbon emission data, helping users make more informed electricity consumption decisions. In addition, the establishment of a carbon credit trading platform encourages users to actively participate in energy conservation and emission reduction, and increases user participation through a reward mechanism.

[0067] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate and explain the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention to the scope of the described embodiments. In addition, those skilled in the art can understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and more variations and modifications can be made according to the teachings of the present invention, and these variations and modifications all fall within the scope of the protection claimed by the present invention.

Claims

1. A blockchain-based smart energy meter carbon credit security management and trading system, characterized in that: The system includes a smart energy meter data acquisition module, a carbon credit calculation and management module, a blockchain data storage and transaction module, and a user-side carbon trading platform module; The smart energy meter data acquisition module is used for data acquisition and monitoring, Internet of Things communication, and data processing and transmission; The carbon credit calculation and management module is used for carbon emissions calculation, carbon credit storage and management, and integration with the blockchain module; The blockchain data storage and transaction module is used for carbon credit data recording, smart contract application, data security and transaction transparency; The user-side carbon trading platform module is used for user interface and data visualization, carbon credit trading functions, and transaction records and trust assurance.

2. According to the blockchain-based smart energy meter carbon credit security management and trading system of claim 1, it is characterized in that: The smart electric energy meter data acquisition module is specifically used to perform the following steps: Step A1: Data Collection and Monitoring: Installing smart energy meters in the user's power system is the first step to achieve efficient power management. These energy meters are equipped with high-precision sensors that can accurately capture key power parameters. These sensors ensure the comprehensiveness and accuracy of the data. Through real-time monitoring, users can clearly understand their power consumption patterns and adjust power consumption strategies in a timely manner to reduce unnecessary power consumption; In addition, smart energy meters have analytical functions, which can predict future electricity demand by learning users' electricity usage habits, and assist users in optimizing electricity usage plans to achieve energy conservation and emission reduction effects; Step A2: IoT communication: To ensure stable data transmission, smart energy meters use advanced IoT communication technologies, which not only support wide coverage and low power consumption, but also support the networking of massive devices, and are suitable for large-scale power data transmission; LoRaWAN is particularly suitable for rural or remote areas and can achieve long-distance data transmission, while NB-IoT is more advantageous in urban environments, providing higher data transmission efficiency and stability; Step A3: Data processing and transmission: The collected power data is first transmitted to the local gateway device for preliminary filtering and caching; The function of the gateway device is to remove redundant data and noise, thereby improving the efficiency and accuracy of data transmission; the processed data is transmitted to the cloud server through a secure communication protocol; Cloud servers have powerful computing power and storage space, and can perform in-depth analysis and storage of data; they not only provide a basis for subsequent user electricity consumption analysis, but also provide data support for the formulation of energy-saving strategies.

3. According to the blockchain-based smart energy meter carbon credit security management and trading system of claim 2, it is characterized in that: The key power parameters include current, voltage and power factor.

4. According to the blockchain-based smart energy meter carbon credit security management and trading system of claim 2, it is characterized in that: The advanced IoT communication technologies include low-power wide area networks and narrowband IoT.

5. According to the blockchain-based smart energy meter carbon credit security management and trading system of claim 1, it is characterized in that: The carbon credit calculation and management module is specifically used to perform the following steps: Step B1: Carbon emissions calculation: After pre-processing, the electricity consumption data will be combined with the latest carbon emission factors to calculate the carbon emissions of each user in real time; these carbon emission factors are formulated by the government or industry standard organizations based on the carbon emission characteristics of different energy sources to ensure the scientificity and authority of the calculation; through complex algorithm models, the carbon emission calculation engine can accurately calculate the carbon emissions of users in a specific time period, help users understand their carbon footprint, and provide them with improvement suggestions; Step B2: Carbon credit storage and management: The generated carbon credits are stored in a dedicated carbon credit database; The database uses efficient storage and retrieval mechanisms to ensure data integrity and accessibility; The credit management interface provides users with convenient query and management tools. Users can check their carbon credit balance and history at any time and adjust their electricity consumption and carbon emission reduction strategies according to the credit situation. Step B3: Integration with blockchain module: The integration of the points management system and the blockchain module provides reliable data support for subsequent points transactions; the decentralization and immutability of blockchain technology ensure the security and authenticity of the points data; Users can safely trade points on the blockchain, and each transaction is automatically recorded by the system, ensuring data transparency and traceability, thereby enhancing users' trust in the entire points management system.

6. According to the blockchain-based smart energy meter carbon credit security management and trading system of claim 1, it is characterized in that: The blockchain data storage and transaction module is specifically used to perform the following steps: Step C1: Carbon credit data recording: Carbon credit data is submitted to the blockchain network through the API interface. The distributed storage characteristics of the blockchain effectively avoid the risk of single point failure and data leakage, ensuring the security of the credit data; due to the immutability of the blockchain, all carbon credit data recorded on the chain can be queried and verified by any participant, greatly enhancing the transparency and trust of the system; Step C2: Application of smart contracts: The smart contract system plays a key role in the issuance, trading and verification of carbon credits. Through pre-set operating rules, smart contracts can automatically execute these rules, thereby reducing human intervention and operational errors. Step C3: Data security and transaction transparency: During the points transaction process, the smart contract automatically verifies the legality and validity of the transaction to ensure the transparency and fairness of the transaction process; the immutability and encryption algorithm of the blockchain ensure the security of the data and prevent data tampering and fraud.

7. According to the blockchain-based smart energy meter carbon credit security management and trading system of claim 1, it is characterized in that: The user-side carbon trading platform module is specifically used to perform the following steps: Step D1: User interface and data visualization: The user-side application provides a user-friendly and powerful mobile and web interface, allowing users to easily view their electricity consumption, carbon emissions, and carbon credit balance; the application's embedded data visualization tools help users more intuitively understand their energy usage patterns and carbon footprints; with this information, users can make more informed electricity decisions, thereby further optimizing energy use and reducing carbon emissions; Step D2: Carbon credit trading function: The carbon credit trading platform allows users to buy and sell carbon credits. Users can choose to buy or sell carbon credits according to their own needs. This function promotes the circulation and effective utilization of carbon credits. In order to encourage users to take more energy-saving and emission-reduction actions in their daily lives, the system has designed a variety of incentive and reward mechanisms to further promote users' active participation. Step D3: Transaction records and trust assurance: Every point transaction record will be securely stored on the blockchain to ensure the transparency and immutability of the transaction; Users can check their transaction history at any time and enhance their trust in the system; this transparent and credible trading environment not only enhances users' trust in the platform, but also encourages more users to participate in carbon trading and promotes the popularization of green lifestyles; in this way, users can not only benefit from it, but also contribute their own strength to environmental protection.

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